Flow of Blood and Vessel Structure and Location

By: Amena AhmedTeiana Campbell

Jovan LeeCody MooreKelly Popelar

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Major Veins and Arteries that Lead to and from the Heart

• Left Coronary Artery- supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

• Branches into the marginal and posterior interventricular • Right Coronary Artery- supplies blood to the right atrium

and to portions of both ventricles• Branches into the circumflex and anterior

interventricular• Small tributaries from these branches of the left and

right coronary arteries form interconnections called anastomoses

Major Veins and Arteries Continued…

• Great Cardiac and Middle Cardiac Veins carry blood away from the coronary capillaries and drain into the coronary sinus (a large, thin-walled vein in the posterior portion of the coronary sulcus)

Major Veins and Arteries Found on the Heart

• Right Coronary Artery(Marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch)

• Anterior Cardiac Veins• Small Cardiac Vein• Left Coronary Artery (Circumflex branch, anterior

interventricular branch, and posterior left ventricular)• Great Cardiac Vein• Middle Cardiac Vein• Posterior Cardiac Vein

Major Veins and Arteries Found on the Heart

•

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Vein Structure and Function

• Veins carry blood to the heart• Inferior Vena Cava (Carries blood from body

below the heart) and Superior Vena Cava (Carries blood from body above the heart)

• Left and Right Pulmonary Veins- oxygen rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the left side of the heart through the 4 pulmonary veins (2 left, 2 right)

Vein Structure and Function Continued…

• Right Pulmonary Vein – carry blood from the right lung into the left atrium through the left ventricle and out of the aorta

• Left Pulmonary Vein – carry blood from the left lung into the left atrium through the left ventricle and out of the aorta

Vein Structure and Function

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Capillary Function

• Only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid

• Capillaries do not function individually, they function in a network called a capillary bed

• Diffuses water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials into the interstitial fluid

• In some places such as the brain and kidneys, larger proteins are able to go through the capillaries

Capillary Function Continued

• Blood goes to venules• Alternate routes for blood flow are formed by

anastomosis (outlet)• Sometimes blood bypasses capillaries and

goes through arteriovenous anastomosis, which is a arteriole connected to a venule

• If one capillary is blocked, others continue to work and supply blood

Capillary Structure

• Capillary walls are extremely thin• Consists of a single layer of endothelial cells inside the

membrane• Very small diameter, so blood flow is slow• Diameter is relatively close to that of a red blood cell• Entrance is guarded by a precapillary sphincter which is

a band of smooth muscle• The smooth muscle contracts and narrows the diameter

of the capillary opening, allowing the blood to enter into the capillary

Capillary Structure

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Artery Structure and Function

• Carry blood away from the heart and toward a peripheral capillary

• Within the pulmonary trunk the blood flows into the left and right pulmonary arteries

• Arteries branch off repeatedly and gradually decrease in size until they become arterioles

• Arterioles- the smallest vessels of the arterial system

Artery Structure and Function Continued…

• Types of Arteries – Elastic, muscular, and arterioles

• Elastic- large, extremely resilient vessels with diameters up to 2.5cm/1 in

• Example: Pulmonary and aortic trunks• Thin walls, contain a tunica media dominated

by elastic fibers rather than smooth muscle cells, able to absorb pressure shock

Artery Structure and Function Continued…

• Muscular- AKA medium sized/distribution – distribute blood to peripheral organs

• Example: Neck arteries• The tunica media contains more smooth muscle

and fewer elastic fibers• Arterioles- smaller than muscular arteries• Has one of three layers of smooth muscle that

enables muscular arteries and arterioles to change their diameter

Blood Flow Though the Body

• Superior cava- gives blood to the head chest, upper extremities, Upper body

• Inferior Cava- gives blood to the Lower Body • Pulmonary Circuit- a group of blood vessels that

transports blood from exchange surfaces of the lungs • Systematic Circuit- Blood vessels that travel through

the rest of the body• *the systematic veins must travel through the

pulmonary system before restarting the cycle to collect oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Blood Flow Through the Heart• Right Atrium- receives blood from the systematic surface • Right Ventricle- receives blood from the right atrium

through openings called cusps• Tricuspid valve- Contains the cusps, pupillary muscles on

the right ventricle that limit the movement of cusps and flow of blood

• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve- after blood flow through the pulmonary trunk, this valve controls blood flow to the left and right pulmonary arteries

• *oxygenated blood collects in the pulmonary veins then delivers it to the Left Atrium

Blood Flow Through the Heart Continued…

• Bicuspid Valve- controls blood flow in this valve with two cusps, and tensing papillary muscles

• Aorta- blood continues into the Aortic Semilunar Valve then the Aorta to start the systemic circuit

Blood Flow Through the Heart

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