FM 203-5 NBC Decontamination

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Decontamination

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

NBC

FM 3-5

MCWP 3-37.3

Headquarters,

Departmentof theArmy

Commandant,US Marine Corps


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FOREWORD

This publication may be used by the US Army and US Marine Corps during training,

exercises, and contingency operations.

JOHN N. ABRAMS J. E. RHODES

General, United States Army Lieutenant General, US Marine Corps

Commanding Commanding General

Training and Doctrine Command Marine Corps Combat Development

Command


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*FM 3-5*MCWP 3-37.3

Field ManualNo. 3-5

Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP)3-37.3

Washington, DC, 28 J uly 2000

NBC DECONTAMINATION

Contents

Page

PREFACE.................................................................................................................... vi

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1-1Contamination Forms................................................................................................. 1-1Contamination-Hazards Transmission....................................................................... 1-1Agent Classification .................................................................................................. 1-2Decontaminants ........................................................................................................ 1-2Decon Concepts......................................................................................................... 1-2Decon Decisions ....................................................................................................... 1-2Decon Principles ....................................................................................................... 1-3Decon Levels ............................................................................................................ 1-4

Immediate.......................................................................................................... 1-4Operational....................................................................................................... 1-4

Thorough .......................................................................................................... 1-4Chemical-Agent-Resistant Coating (CARC) ............................................................ 1-5Weather Effects ........................................................................................................ 1-5

Temperature..................................................................................................... 1-5Wind ................................................................................................................. 1-5Humidity and Rain ............................................................................................ 1-5Sunlight............................................................................................................. 1-5Time.................................................................................................................. 1-5

Decon in Combat ...................................................................................................... 1-5

Chapter 2 IMMEDIATE DECON ................................................................................................ 2-1Skin Decon ................................................................................................................ 2-1

Chemical........................................................................................................... 2-1

DESTRUCTION RESTRICTIONS: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

* This publication supersedes Field Manual (FM) 305/Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM) 11-10, 17November 1993.

Headquarters,

Department of the Army

Commandant,

US Marine Corps


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ii

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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Biological ........................................................................................................ 2-1

Radiological .................................................................................................... 2-2Personal Wipe Down ............................................................................................... 2-2

Chemical......................................................................................................... 2-2Biological ........................................................................................................ 2-2Radiological .................................................................................................... 2-2

Operators Spray Down ........................................................................................... 2-2Chemical......................................................................................................... 2-2

Biological ........................................................................................................ 2-3Radiological .................................................................................................... 2-4

Chapter 3 OPERATIONAL DECON ......................................................................................... 3-1Techniques .............................................................................................................. 3-1

Phases .................................................................................................................... 3-1Preparation ..................................................................................................... 3-1

Execution ........................................................................................................ 3-2

Site Clearance ................................................................................................ 3-2Vehicle Washdown .................................................................................................. 3-3

MOPP-Gear Exchange ........................................................................................... 3-3Buddy-Team Method ...................................................................................... 3-6

Triple Buddy-Team Method ............................................................................ 3-6Individual (Emergency) Method ...................................................................... 3-6

Chapter 4 THOROUGH DECON .............................................................................................. 4-1

Planning .................................................................................................................. 4-1

Preparation .............................................................................................................. 4-2Execution ................................................................................................................ 4-3

Predecon Staging Area .................................................................................. 4-4DED and DTD Areas ...................................................................................... 4-6

Postdecon AA ................................................................................................. 4-6Detailed Troop Decon ............................................................................................. 4-6

Station 1 - Individual-Gear Decon .................................................................. 4-7

Station 2 - Overboot and Hood Decon ......................................................... 4-10Station 3 - Overgarment Removal ................................................................ 4-11

Station 4 - Overboot and Glove Removal ..................................................... 4-12Station 5 - Monitor ........................................................................................ 4-15

Station 6 - Mask Removal ............................................................................ 4-15

Station 7 - Mask Decon Point ....................................................................... 4-16Station 8 - Reissue Point .............................................................................. 4-17

Resupply Support Responsibilities ........................................................................ 4-17Detailed Equipment Decon ................................................................................... 4-18

Decon Stations ............................................................................................. 4-18Recycle Criteria ............................................................................................ 4-22

Reconstitution Criteria .................................................................................. 4-22

DED Layouts ................................................................................................ 4-22Alternate-Layout Planning Considerations ................................................... 4-23

Decon Platoon .............................................................................................. 4-23Smoke/Decon Platoon .................................................................................. 4-23

Thorough-Decon-Site Closure .............................................................................. 4-29Closing the DED Area .................................................................................. 4-30

Closing the DTD Area................................................................................... 4-32
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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Thorough Decon Under Unusual Conditions ........................................................ 4-33

Chapter 5 SPECIAL DECON OPERATIONS........................................................................... 5-1

Terrain Decon ......................................................................................................... 5-1Weathering ..................................................................................................... 5-2

Removing/Covering ........................................................................................ 5-2Neutralizing..................................................................................................... 5-2

Burning ........................................................................................................... 5-3

Exploding ........................................................................................................ 5-3Flushing .......................................................................................................... 5-4

Clearing .......................................................................................................... 5-5Fixed-Site Decon ..................................................................................................... 5-5

Airfield............................................................................................................. 5-6Helipad............................................................................................................ 5-6

POMCUS/Motor Park ..................................................................................... 5-7

Vulnerable Equipment Decon ................................................................................. 5-7

Electronics ...................................................................................................... 5-8Optics.............................................................................................................. 5-8Ammunition..................................................................................................... 5-9

Canvas Items.................................................................................................. 5-9Food and Water .............................................................................................. 5-9

Chemical Munitions Disposal and Decon ..................................................... 5-10

Handling........................................................................................................ 5-10Contamination Control .................................................................................. 5-11

Depleted Uranium (DU) Decon ............................................................................. 5-11Contaminated Remains Decon ............................................................................. 5-12

Radiological Decon ............................................................................................... 5-12Cesium.......................................................................................................... 5-12

Cobalt ........................................................................................................... 5-13

Plutonium...................................................................................................... 5-13Strontium ...................................................................................................... 5-13

Tritium........................................................................................................... 5-14Uranium ........................................................................................................ 5-14

Chapter 6 EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................... 6-1

Cold- and Arctic-Weather Areas ............................................................................. 6-1

Decontaminants.............................................................................................. 6-1Equipment-Decon Devices ............................................................................. 6-3

Detection and Warning Devices ..................................................................... 6-3Equipment-Decon Stations ............................................................................. 6-4

Warmed Areas ........................................................................................................ 6-4

Urban Areas ............................................................................................................ 6-5Streets and Structures .................................................................................... 6-5

Civilians .......................................................................................................... 6-5Supplies and Ammunition ............................................................................... 6-5

Sanitation Systems ......................................................................................... 6-5Mountains ................................................................................................................ 6-5

Mobility............................................................................................................ 6-6

Wind................................................................................................................ 6-6Temperature ................................................................................................... 6-6

Sunlight........................................................................................................... 6-6
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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Jungle ...................................................................................................................... 6-6

Temperature and Humidity ............................................................................. 6-7Time................................................................................................................ 6-7

Security........................................................................................................... 6-8Resupply......................................................................................................... 6-8Persistency ..................................................................................................... 6-8

Desert ...................................................................................................................... 6-8Water .............................................................................................................. 6-8

Heat Stress..................................................................................................... 6-8Weathering ..................................................................................................... 6-8

Bearings and Other Critical Moving Parts ...................................................... 6-9

Chapter 7 AVIATION ................................................................................................................ 7-1

Contamination Avoidance ....................................................................................... 7-1Decontaminants ...................................................................................................... 7-2

Aircraft Decon ......................................................................................................... 7-2

Decon Types .................................................................................................. 7-3Decon Stations ............................................................................................... 7-9

Recycle Criteria ............................................................................................ 7-14Aircraft Decon-Site Selection ................................................................................ 7-14

Decon-Site Layout ................................................................................................. 7-15

Chapter 8 PATIENT EVACUATION AND DECON .................................................................. 8-1

Evacuation Considerations ..................................................................................... 8-1Patient Decon .......................................................................................................... 8-2

Patient Decon at an MTF ........................................................................................ 8-2Battalion Aid Station (BAS) ............................................................................. 8-3

Medical Companys Clearing Station.............................................................. 8-3Hospital........................................................................................................... 8-3

Chlorine-Solution Preparation for Patient Decon .................................................... 8-4Chemical-Agent Patient Decon Procedures ............................................................ 8-4

Litter Patient ................................................................................................... 8-4

Ambulatory Patient ....................................................................................... 8-10Biological-Agent Patient Decon Procedures ......................................................... 8-15

Litter Patient ................................................................................................. 8-15Ambulatory Patient ....................................................................................... 8-19

Radiological-Agent Patient Decon Procedures ..................................................... 8-22

Litter Patient ................................................................................................. 8-22Ambulatory Patient ....................................................................................... 8-25

Chapter 9 LOGISTICS.............................................................................................................. 9-1

Skin Decon and Personal Wipe Down .................................................................... 9-1Individual-Gear Decon ............................................................................................ 9-1

Operators Spray Down .................................................................................. 9-1

MOPP-Gear Exchange ................................................................................... 9-1Vehicle Washdown ......................................................................................... 9-2

Detailed Troop Decon ............................................................................................. 9-2Detailed Equipment Decon ..................................................................................... 9-2
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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Chapter 10 DECON PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL

AND CREW-SERVED WEAPONS........................................................................ 10-1Operational-Decon Procedures Using the IEDK ................................................... 10-1

M60 Machine Gun ........................................................................................ 10-1M249 Squad Automatic Weapon.................................................................. 10-2

M203 Grenade Launcher.............................................................................. 10-2M47 Dragon .................................................................................................. 10-2

Tow Missile (M220 Series) ........................................................................... 10-3

AT4 Light Antitank Weapon .......................................................................... 10-466-Millimeter Rocket Launcher ..................................................................... 10-4

81-Millimeter Mortar...................................................................................... 10-460-Millimeter Mortar...................................................................................... 10-4

Javelin........................................................................................................... 10-5Thorough-Decon Procedures Using the HTH Solution ......................................... 10-5

Materials ....................................................................................................... 10-7

Procedures ................................................................................................... 10-8

Appendix A CONVERSIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ............................................................. A-1

Appendix B DECONTAMINANTS ............................................................................................. B-1

Appendix C DECON OF SPECIFIC SURFACES AND MATERIALS ........................................ C-1

Appendix D DECON KITS, APPARATUSES, AND EQUIPMENT............................................. D-1

Appendix E DTD STATION CHARTS FOR CHEMICAL UNIT LEADERS AND NBC NCOS ....E-1

GLOSSARY........................................................................................................................Glossary-1

BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... Bibliography-1

INDEX .......................................................................................................................................Index-1
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vi

Preface

FM 3-5 integrat es th e nuclear, biological, an d chemical (NB C) fundam enta ls published in F M 3-100

and implements S ta nda rdized North Atlant ic Treat y Organ ization Agreement (S TANAG) 2426.

The extent a nd t iming of decon depends on the ta ctica l situa tion, the mission, th e area of contam ina-

tion, and the decon resources available. Survivability and reducing the effect of any chemical threat

are the ult imat e goals of decon. This m anua l provides deta iled guida nce on conducting decon opera-

t ion s p er f or m e d by ch em ica l a n d n on ch em ica l p er son n e l. I n d ivid u a l sold ie r s a n d lea d e r s m u st be

familiar w ith th e basic procedures and concepts in this ma nual.

Appendix A contains a n E nglish to metric mea surement conversion cha rt .

The proponent of t his publica tion is H eadqua rters TRADOC. To submit cha nges for improving th is

publication use Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications

an d B lank Forms) an d forwa rd t o Comma nda nt, U S Army C hemical S chool, ATTN: ATSN-CMZ, Fort

Leona rd Wood, Missour i 65473-8926.

U nl ess thi s publi cation states otherw ise, nouns an d p ronouns do not r efer exclu sively to m en.


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Introduction 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

Th e u s e of N B C w e a pon s cr ea t e s u n iq u e r es id u a l h a z a r d s t h a t m a y

require decon. In a ddition t o the deliberat e use of these wea pons, collatera l

damage, natural disasters, and industrial emitters may require decon. The

p r es e n ce of con t a m i n a t i on g en e r a l ly r e d uc es t h e e ff ect i v en e s s of ou r

com b a t p ow e r . C o n t a m i n a t i on f or ce s u s i n t o p r ot e ct i v e e q u i pm e n t t h a t

degrades our a bili ty to perform indiv idua l a nd collectiv e tasks.

CONTAMINATION FORMS1-1. The followin g a re t he different forms of conta mina tion:

Solids radioactive particles, biological spores, or dusty agents thatcould appear a s a f ine dust .

L iq u id s l iq u id d r o plet s t h a t f a l l l ik e r a in . D r op le t s ca n r a n g e f r omthick an d st icky to the consistency of wat er.

Vapors or ga ses created by bursting munitions or generators. Theseclouds ar e affected by the w eath er and can cover large area s.

Aerosols fine liquids or solid particles suspended in the air . Theybehave m uch like vapors.

CONTAMINATION-HAZARDS TRANSMISSION

1-2. Contamination hazards can be transmitted in the following manner: Transfer. An y t h in g t h a t t ou ch e s a su r f a ce cove re d w it h l iq u id o r

solid conta mina tion will tend to pick up tha t conta minat ion a nd move

it from one surface to another.

Spread. Touching a surface covered with liquid chemical a gent cansp r e a d co n t a m in a t io n o n t h e sa m e su r f a ce , t h e r e by , in cr e a sin g t h e

size of the contaminated area.

Vapor. Va p or s ca n be ca r r ied t h r o u g h t h e a ir in t h e f or m o f a d u st ,a tomized liquids (aerosols), or true ga ses. Vapors in a n open/outdoor

ar ea disperse ra pidly, so t here is no need t o decon.

Desorption. L iq u id -ch em ica l con t a m in a t io n a bsor bs in t o p or ou ssurfa ces. Once a bsorbed, it begins to desorb or give off ga s; tha t is, low

levels o f va p or p a ss o u t o f t h e co nt a m in a t e d su r f a ce in t o t h e a ir a n dcan be transferred to any surface that contacts it , including bare skin.

Radiation. Ra diation is given off by radioactive dust or dirt , most ofw h i ch a p pe a r s a s f a l lou t . F or d econ p ur pos es , r a d i a t i on ca n b e

thought of as a solid.


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1-2 Introduction

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

AGENT CL ASSIFICATION1-3. D e pen d in g on t h e l e ng t h of t i m e a g e n t s w i ll b e a h a z a r d , t h ey a r e

classified a s

N o n p e r sist e n t a n im m e d ia t e t h r e a t t h a t la st s a f e w m in u t e s. T h e yrarely require decon.

P e r s i s t e n t t a k e s a l o n g e r t i m e t o a c t a n d m a y l a s t f o r d a y s . I n aprotected environment, t hese agents can last for long periods of t ime.

All a g en t s a r e a f fect ed t o s om e ext en t b y t h e w ea t h er . E v en

r a d iolog ica l p a r t icles ca n r a in ou t of t h e a ir a n d f or m h ot sp ot s on

t h e g r ou n d . B iolog ica l or g a n ism s a r e g r ea t ly a f f e ct e d by su n lig h t .

Chemical agents ca n be decontam inat ed by the weat her. The durat ion

of a ha zard is a complex estimat ion tha t is ba sed on numerous factors

which include the

Type of conta mina tion.

Conta mina tion density a nd droplet size.

Temperature.

Wind speed.

S u n lig h t .

H u m id it y a n d r a in .

Composit ion of the conta mina ted surfa ce.

Type of soil and terrain.

DECONTAMINANTS1-4. Decontaminants are described as follows:

N a t u r a l w e a t h e r (r a in , w in d , a n d h u m id it y ).

Standard supertropical bleach (STB) and decontaminating solutionnum ber 2 (DS2).

Nonstandard soaps and detergents.

1-5. For more information on the types of decontaminants, see Appendix B.

DECON CONCEPTS1-6. Wh e n eve r so ldier s a r e u n a ble t o a vo id con t a m in a t ion a n d h a ve t o u se

p rot e ct i v e m ea s u r es , d econ i s n ece ss a r y t o a l l ow t h em t o r em ov e t h ei r

p rot e ct i v e g ea r a n d r es u m e n or m a l op er a t i on s . We a t h er i ng i s t h e m os t

d es ir a b l e m ea n s of d econ ; h ow e ve r, t i m e a n d op er a t i on a l n e ed s m a y n ot

permit t ha t option.

1-7. This cha pter describes w hen, w here, an d h ow m uch to decon. P rotective

clot h in g (m ission -or ien t e d p r ot e ct ive p ost u r e [MO PP ] g ea r ) , p r ot e ct iveequipment, and collective protective shelters (CPSs) offer only a temporary

s olu t ion . D econ is t h e r em ov a l, d es t ru ct ion , or n a t ur a li za t ion of

contamination. If you become contaminated, some decon must occur as soon as

possible.

DECON DECISIONS1-8. The decision to decon is a risk assessment and is made within the context

of t h e m is s ion , en em y , t er r a in , t r oop s, t i me a v a i la b le, a n d ci vi li a n


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Introduction 1-3

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

con sid er a t io n (METT-TC ) a n d t h e r e sou r ce s a va i la ble . D e con m u st be

con sid er e d i f t h e con t a m in a t ion levels e xce ed t h e n e g lig ible r isk leve ls a s

follows:

Chemical a nd biological conta minat ion causes mild incapa cita t ion in 5percent or less of unprotected soldiers opera ting for 12 continuoush ou r s w i t h i n 1 m et e r of con t a m i n a t i on . F or t h e ch em i ca l -a g e n t

m o nit or (C AM), t h is e q u a t e s t o a on e -ba r r e a d in g a t a d ist a n ce of 1

inch from the surface.

R a d i ol og ica l con t a m i n a t i on ca n ca u s e m i ld i n ca p a ci t a t i on i n 2. 5percent or less of unprotected, nonpreviously exposed soldiers. This

equa tes t o a rea ding of no more tha n 0.33 cent igra y per hour (cG y/hr).

1-9. MOP P-g ea r ex ch a n g e p r ovide s e xcelle n t p rot e ct ion a g a in st f ie ld

con ce n t r a t ion s of a g e n t s; h ow e ver , w e a r in g t h e g ea r ca u se s p er f or m a n ce

degrada tion. Decon is performed to restore the norma l operat ing tempo, but the

log ist ica l su pp or t t h a t is r eq u ir ed t o k ee p so ld ier s in MO PP g ea r im pa ct s

opera tions. Therefore, decon s hould be conducted a s soon a s pra ctical. Table 1-1provides compa rison da ta for decon levels/techniq ues.

Table 1-1. Comparison Data for Decon Levels/Techniques

DECON PRINCIPLES1-10. Decon immediately for a chemical agent on the skin. Perform higher

levels of decon as a result of the risk assessment. P ersonnel should

Levels Techniques1 Best Start Time Performed by Advantages

Immediate Skin decon

Personal wipe down

Operators spray

down

Before 1 minute

Within 15 minutes

Individual

Individual or crew

Stops agent from

penetrating.

Operational MOPP-gearexchange2

Vehicle washdown3

Within 6 hours Unit

Battalion crew or

decon platoon (-)

Provides possibletemporary relief from

MOPP4. Limits liquid

agent spread.

Thorough DED and DAD

DTD

When mission

allows reconstitution

Decon platoon

Unit

Provides probable

long-term MOPP

reduction with mini-

mum risk.

1The techniques become less effective the longer they are delayed.2Performance degradation and risk assessment must be considered when exceeding 6 hours. See FM 3-4 for

battle-dress overgarment (BDO) risk assessment.

3Vehicle washdown is most effective if started within 1 hour.


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1-4 Introduction

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Decon as soon a s possible. The sooner th e conta mina tion is removed,t h e so on e r MO PP leve ls ca n be r e d u ce d a n d com ba t p ow e r ca n be

restored.

Decon only what is necessary. Weathering is the least costly method ofdecon. Expend resources where they count.

D e con a s f a r f or w a r d a s p os s ib le . Wh i le M E TT-TC d ep en d en t ,performing decon as close to the point as possible reduces th e spread

of con t a m in a t ion a n d m in im iz es a n y t r a n sf er h a z a r d .

Decon by priority. The commander identifies which items are mostcr i t ica l t o t h e m issio n . Re st o r in g co m ba t p o w e r a n d r e e st a blish in g

operating tempo are key.

DECON L EVELS1-11. The three levels of decon operations are immediate, operational, and

thorough (see Table 1-1, page 1-3).

IMMEDIATE

1-12. Skin decon is a soldiers basic survival skill and should be performed

w it h in 1 m in u t e o f be in g co n t a m in a t e d u sin g t h e sk in d e co n t a m in a t in g k it

(SDK).

1-13. Personal wipe down should be performed within 15 minutes. This is

d on e t o r em ov e con t a m i n a t i on f r om i n di vi d ua l eq u i pm en t b y u s in g a n

individual equipment decon kit (IEDK). Use detector paper or a CAM to locate

t h e a g e n t . F o r r a d io lo g ica l co n t a m in a t io n , u se a r a d ia c se t t o lo ca t e i t a n d

then brush, w ipe, or shake it off .

1-14. Operat ors spra y down sh ould be done w ith in 15 minut es. Operat ors use

t h e on -b oa r d d econ a p pa r a t u s t o d econ s u r fa c es t h a t t h ey m u s t t ou ch or

conta ct to operate the equipment. Ra diological contamina tion in the form ofdust particles m ay be wiped, scra ped, or brushed off .

OPERATIONAL

1-15. A MOPP-gear exchange should be performed within 6 hours of being

conta mina ted w hen th orough decon cannot be done. Soldiers w ill continue to

wea r MOP P gear a nd the operat ing tempo will be reduced.

1-1 6. Ve hi cl e w a s h d ow n s h ou ld b e pe rf or m ed w i t h i n 6 h ou r of b ei n g

con t a m in a t e d w h e n t h e m ission d oe s n o t p er m it a t h or ou g h d e con . Th is

process removes gross conta mina tion a nd limits the spread of it .

THOROUGH

1-17. D e t a i le d e q u ip m en t d e con (D ED ) a n d d e t a i led a ir cr a f t d e co n (D AD )

r es t or e i t em s s o t h a t t h e y c a n b e u s ed w i t h ou t M OP P g ea r . N or m a l ly , t h e

DED and the DAD are conducted as part of a reconstitution or during breaks

in combat opera tions. These operat ions require support from a chemical decon

unit .

1-18. Detailed troop decon (DTD) normally takes place in conjunction with

D E D /D AD . Th e con t a m in a t e d u n it con d u ct s t h is p r oce ss a n d su pp or t s t h e

DE D/DAD opera tions.


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Introduction 1-5

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

CHEMICAL-AGENT-RESISTANT COATING (CARC)1-19. Army equipment is painted with CARC, which precludes the absorption

of chemical agents and, thus, facilitates decon. By preventing penetration of

a n a g e n t , co n t a m in a t io n is e a sie r t o r e m o ve . T h ick e n e d a g e n t s a r e st i l l aproblem, but detergent a nd w at er should remove them.

1-20. The proper C ARC pain t colors s hould be used t o paint bumper nu mbers,

spot paint ing, and so forth. Do not use other pa ints in lieu of CARC.

WEATHER EFFE CTS1-21. I f METT-TC a l low s, lea vin g t h e con t a m in a t ion a lo n e is t h e e a siest

method of decon. However, ma rking, reporting, and periodically rechecking

the contamination are required.

TEMPERATURE

1-22. Th e h i gh er t h e t e m pe ra t u r e , t h e f a s t er t h e r a t e of e va p or a t i on .

Conta mina tion persistency decreases a s th e tempera ture rises. I t ha s no effecton rad iologica l contamina tion.

WIND

1-23. Aeration aids in decon. Agents are dispersed by the wind, thus reducing

the concentra tion.

HUMIDITY AND RAIN

1-24. Moisture tends to break down chemical agents but does so slowly. Heavy

r a in p h y sica l ly r e m o ve s co n t a m in a t io n ; h o w e ve r , co n t a m in a t e d r u n o f f m a y

b ui ld u p i n d r a i n a g e a r ea s . B i ol og i ca l a g e nt s d eh y d r a t e (d r y ou t ) i n l ow

humidity, t hus reducing their persistency. Rain ma y prevent the desorption of

aerosols a nd leach conta mina tion into the soil.

SUNLIGHT

1-25. S u n l ig h t h a s t e n s t h e e va p or a t i on a n d d ecom pos it i on of a g e n t s.

U lt r a violet a n d in f r a r e d r a d ia t ion in su n lig h t r a p id ly k ills m o st biolog ica l

a g e n t s.

TIME

1-26. Only t ime w ill neutralize a nd destroy ra diological conta minat ion. Other

techniques merely shield or remove the problem.

DECON I N COMBAT1-27. C o m ba t e ff ect ive ne ss is d e gr a d e d by MO PP . D e con ca n r e m ove t h e

conta mina tion and restore combat power. The detection and wa rning netw ork

is v it a l t o en su re t h a t s old ier s a n d eq uipm en t a r e pr ot ect ed w h enconta mina tion is encountered. Considerat ions of decon in comba t a re

I m m ed ia t e d econ . I t s a v es l iv es a n d p er m i t s t h e u s e of i n di vi d ua lequipment and key systems.

Oper a tion a l d econ . I t r ed uces t he s pr ea d a n d t he level ofcon t a m i n a t i on . I n s om e c a s es , w h en com b in ed w i t h w e a t h e ri n g,

MOP P levels ma y be reduced without furt her decon.

Th or ou g h d e con . I t r e m oves t h e u n it f r om t h e f ig h t bu t a l low s i t t oreturn wit h restored effectiveness.


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1-6 Introduction

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

1-28. F igure 1-1 depicts the drop in effectiveness a s the affected unit an d

soldiers react.

Figure 1-1. How Decon Affects Combat Effectiveness

Immediate decon performedOperational decon performedThorough decon performed

Temporary relief from MOPP4

Most

Least

TimeMost

Combatpower


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Introduction 1-7

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Decon-Operation Scenario

You are th e comm ander of the 155-mil l i meter Self-Propel l ed H owitzer Batt ery.

Your uni t is hi t by a persistent nerve agent. Soldi ers r eact by taki ng cover and

goin g to M OPP4. Th e war ni ng system pr ovi ded suffi cient alert an d onl y a few h ave

to conduct skin decon; most contamination is on the outside of your howitzers and

vehicles.

T h e o n g o i n g f i r e m i s s i o n c o n t i n u e s w i t h m i n i m a l d i s r u p t i o n , a n d t h e e n e m y i s

being detected. Your well-trained soldiers complete a personal wipe down and an

operators spray down as soon as possible. During this period, you are capable of

providing fire support and moving, as necessary.

Th e tem perat ur e is 55F, and hum id it y i s l ow. Whi l e the work rat e is strenuous,

your tr oops dr in k water and suffer no heat casualt ies. H owever, after several

hours, your response times to the fire mission are getting longer and soldiers havenot eaten in more than 12 hours.

U p o n m a k i n g a d eci s i on t o d econ , y ou r eq u est su p p or t f r o m y ou r b a t t a l i on .

Coordination is made for an operational decon en route to an al ternate posit ion.

Y o u h a v e 2 h o u r s t o c o m p l e t e t h e m o v e m e n t a n d b e i n a f i r i n g p o s i t i o n . T h e

al ternate posit i on is 20 m in utes away, wi th the decon si t e about hal f way.

You send th e advance par ty to m eet th e support in g power -dr iven d econ-equi pm ent

( PD D E ) cr ew a n d or g an i z e t h e si t e. T h e cr ew set s u p a n d r u n s t h e v eh i cl e

washdown whi le the advance party, with battery supply personnel, prepares the

M OPP-gear exchange.

T h e b a t t a l i on ch em i ca l n o n com m i s si o n ed of f i cer ( N C O) d i r ect s t h e v eh i c l e

washdown as you rotate one platoon at a t im e through th e si t e. T he f i r in g platoons

go quickly as i t is cr i t i cal to have the art i l l ery f i r ing tables avai lable. You compl ete

the operat ion an d are in posit i on to f i re at t he prescri bed t i me. Your soldi ers ar e in

MOPP4 because a vapor hazard st i l l exists from the residual contamination. The

a d v a n ce p a r t y f ou n d t h e n ew a r ea cl ea r of con t a m i n a t i o n , a n d a m m o r esu p p l y

comm en ces.

A s sect i o n s b eg i n i m p r ov i n g t h ei r p osi t i o n s, g u n cr ew s on e a n d t w o l ea v e on e

sold ier on each gun and move the rest of th e sold iers 65 feet upw in d. A fter a check

on con t a m i n a t i o n p r o ves n eg at i v e, t h e b a t t er y N B C N C O d i r ect s u n m a s k i n g

procedures using two crew members. When no symptoms show up, the crews eat

and get rel ief from the masks. The wind direction is monitored to ensure that the

soldiers stay upwind of any vapors desorbing from their equipment.

Sold iers on the guns rotate int o the clean area f or rest and rel ief. T hose retur nin gto th e guns assum e MO PP4.


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Immediate Decon 2-1

Chapter 2

Immediate Decon

Once a soldier is aw a re of chemica l or biologica l conta mina tion on his ba re

skin, he initia tes immediat e decon techniques, wit hout comma nd, by using

his personal SD K. He deconta mina tes his hood, ma sk, gloves, a nd w eapon

u sin g t h e I E D K or a n a d dit ion a l S D K . To r em ov e r a diologica l

cont a mina tion from equipment a nd personnel, brush it off an d/or use soap

a n d w a t er .

NOTE : Throughout this manual, SDK refers to the M291 kit and

IE DK refers to the M295 kit.

SKIN DECON2-1. S t a r t t h e s ki n-d econ t ech n iq u es w i t h in 1 m in u t e of b ecom in g

co n t a m in a t e d . S o m e t o x ic ch e m ica l a g e n t s, e sp e cia l ly n e r ve a g e n t s, k i l l in

minutes.

CHEMICAL

2-2. U s e t h e S D K s w i t h i n 1 m i n ut e of con t a m i n a t i on (s ee F i g ur e 2-1).

Inst ructions for use ar e listed on t he outside of the kit itself, on the individual

packet w ithin th e kit, a nd in S TP 21-1-SMC T.

Figure 2-1. M291 SDK

2-3. If a n S DK is not a vaila ble, chemical conta minat ion ma y be pinch-blotted

f r o m t h e sk in w it h a clo t h a n d f lu sh e d w it h w a t e r f r o m a ca n t e e n . S o a p , i f

a va i la ble , ca n a lso be u se d t o w a sh t h e a g e n t f r o m t h e sk in . W a sh in g w it h

soap and wa ter (or hot wa ter) is the next best m ethod for t oxic-agent decon if

SDKs are not available, but this method is not as effective as using the decon

kits.

M291


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Immediate Decon 2-2

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

BIOLOGICAL

2-4. Washing with soap and water removes nearly all biological agents from

the skin. A 0.5 percent chlorine (calcium hypochlorite [HTH] or household

bleach) solution is an effective biological decontamina nt. See Appendix B fordetails on how t o make th is solution.

RADIOLOGICAL

2-5. To remove radiological dust particles, brush, wash, or wipe them off.

PERSONAL WIPE DOWN2-6. The personal wipe-down techniques are most effective when done within

15 minut es of being conta mina ted. The C AM a nd/or M8/M9 det ector paper is

used to detect an d m onitor equipment.

NOTE: Very high concentrations of DS2 can cause a CAM response inthe G mode.

2-7. Wipe down your mask, hood, gloves, and other essential gear. Do notat tempt t o remove chemica l conta mina tion from your protective overga rment

u n less t h e r e a r e obviou s clu m p s of t h e a g e n t . I n t h is ca se, scr a p e of f t h e

ma terial. B rush off radiological or frozen chemical-agent conta minat ion. See

FM 3-4 for detailed information on your overgarments protective qualities.

CHEMICAL

2-8. D e con in d ivid ua l e q u ip m en t u sin g t h e I ED K s. We a r in g y o u r K e vla r

helmet protective cover will prevent or reduce the adsorption of any liquid

ch em ica l a g en t . Wa s h in g w i t h s oa p a n d w a t e r a n d b lea ch s ol ut i on s i s

par tia lly effective (see Appendix B ).

BIOLOGICAL

2- 9. W a sh w it h so a p a n d w a t e r . I f w a t e r is n o t a va i la ble , u se S D K s in t h esame manner as described for chemical-agent decon.

RADIOLOGICAL

2-10. L oca t e r a d iolog ica l con t a m in a t ion w it h m on it or in g e q u ip m en t a n d

remove by brushing and shaking it off . Wash exposed areas of your skin and

pay part icular a t t ention to your ha ir and fingerna ils. Avoid breath ing the dust

par ticles you shake off by wea ring your protective ma sk or a piece of cloth over

y ou r n os e a n d m ou t h . I f w e t , c on d u ct a M OP P -g ea r e xch a n g e a s s oon a s

p ossible be ca u se br u sh in g or sh a k in g w il l n ot r e m ove t h e con t a m in a t ion .

Wipe o ff y o u r e q u ipm e n t w it h w a r m , soa p y w a t e r u sin g r a g s o r d a m p p a p e r

towels.

OPERATORS SPRAY DOWN2-11. D e con ot h e r m ission -e sse n t ia l p or t ion s of y ou r e q u ip m en t bef or e

cont inuing your m ission. The C AM a nd/or M8/M9 detector pa per is used to

determine wha t surfaces require decon.

2-12. Operators spray down is most effective when done within 15 minutes of

contamination.


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Immediate Decon 2-3

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

CHEMICAL

2-13. Decon those surfaces that you must touch on the exterior of the vehicle

or equipment you must use to do your job with the on-board portable decon

apparatus (such as the M11 or M13) (see Figure 2-2). The IEDK may be usedon equipment that DS2 may cause damage to by corrosive action (see Figure

2-3).

Figure 2-2. Portable Decon Apparatuses

Figure 2-3. M295 IEDK

M11

M13

WARNINGUse extreme caution at all times when handling DS2. Do not mix DS2 and STB

because it will cause a fire. Do not allow DS2 to be sprayed on personnel or protec-tive clothing. DS2 is a combustible solution. Do not spray DS2 on hot engine

blocks. Severe chemical burns can result if personnel fail to observe all safety pre-cautions. DS2 can severely injure eyes and skin and, if inhaled, can cause illness.

DS2 can damage the NBC protective overgarment. Long-term contact with DS2 can

damage the NBC protective gloves, hood, and overboots.


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Immediate Decon 2-4

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

2-14. S crub the DS 2 into t he exterior surface w ith brushes. Wait 30 minutes,

then wash off . I f a decon apparatus is not available, use the field-expedient

r e sou r ce s t h a t a r e a va i la ble t o a p p ly D S 2 o r S TB f r om bu lk con t a in e r s. I f

n eces sa r y , u se t h e n on s ta n d a r d d econ t a m in a n t s t h a t a r e d is cu ss ed i nAppendix B .

BIOLOGICAL

2-15. Use a bleach solution for biological contamination; however, if bleach is

not available, use hot , soapy water. Apply with brushes and scrub the surface

well. Rinse the surface after scrubbing (no wa it is required). DS 2 and S TB are

a lso e ff ect ive a g a in st m o st k n ow n biolog ica l co nt a m in a t io n , bu t beca u se o f

t h e ir ca u st ic n a t u r e , t h e y a r e n ot p r ef er r e d. O t h e r n o n st a n d a r d biolog ica l

decontam inant s a re described in Appendix B .

RADIOLOGICAL

2-16. I f y ou a r e con t a m in a t ed b y f a ll ou t , r a i n ou t , n eu t ron -i nd uced

con t a m i n a t i on , or a n y t y p e of r a d i ol og ica l a g e nt , u s e y ou r m on i t or in g

equipment to help locate it and decon as required. If detection equipment is

not ava ilable and you suspect tha t you are conta minat ed, decon. Ra diological

con t a m in a t ion ca n u su a lly be r e m ove d by br u sh in g or scr a p in g . Wa t e r is

e ff ect ive f or f lush in g a w a y r a d io log ica l con t a m in a t io n ; h o w e ver , t h e r u n of f

s h ou ld b e c on t r ol le d b y u s in g d r a i n a g e d i t ch es t h a t f low i n t o a s u m p.

Remember, you ha ve not destroyed th e conta mina tion, it ha s just been moved.

The runoff will st ill be hazardous. If you have t ime, brush or scoop away the

top inch of soil from your fighting position to lower the amount of radiological

conta mina tion affecting you.


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Operational Decon 3-1

Chapter 3

Operational Decon

An opera tional decon l imits t he spread of conta mina tion, al lows temporary

r el ie f f r om M O P P 4 , a n d f a ci li t a t e s a d d i t ion a l d econ r eq u i re m en t s . B y

speeding up t he w eat hering process, the need for a thorough decon ma y be

e li m in a t e d . Th i s p r oce ss r e q u ir e s a b ou t a 12 0-s q u a r e -y a r d a r e a a n d ,

d e pen d i n g o n t h e n u m b e r o f c on t a m i n a t e d v e h i cl es , m a y n ot r e q u ir e a

nearby wa ter source. An opera tional decon consists of a v ehicle wa shdown

and a MOP P - gear exchange. The techniques that may be used to conduct

a n op er a t i on a l d econ a r e d ecen t r a l i zed com p a n y con t r ol , cen t r a l i zed

ba tt a l ion contr ol , or centra lized briga de cont rol.

TECHNIQUES3-1. Decentralized company control is provided by the unit comma nder. The

commander requests PDDE support , selects the decon site, links up with the

P DD E crew, a nd executes the operat iona l decon.

3-2. C e n t r a l iz ed ba t t a l ion con t r o l is s im ila r t o t h e a bove e x ce pt t h a t t h e

b a t t a l i on ch em i ca l N C O con t r ol s t h e d econ . Th e s i t e i s s el ect e d b y t h e

ba t t a l ion com m a n d e r , a n d t h e ba t t a l ion che m ica l N C O d ir ect s si t e se t u p a n d

security an d provides comma nd a nd control (C 2). The battalion chemical NCO

t r a ve ls w it h t h e PD D E a n d com m u n ica t e s via t h e r a d io.

3-3. Centralized brigade control is done when decon assets within the brigadehave been consolidated. In this technique, the brigade chemical NCO performs

those functions described for the battalion chemical NCO. The advantages and

disadvantages of operational-decon techniques are listed in Table 3-1, page 3-2.

PHASES3-4. The th ree phas es for a n operat ional decon are prepa ra tion, execution, a nd

site cleara nce.

PREPARATION

3-5. The prepar at ion phase st ar ts wit h t he decision t o conduct a n operat iona l

d econ a n d e nd s w i t h a s i t e t h a t i s s et u p a n d r ea d y f or op er a t i on . (Th e

decision t o decon wa s described in C hapt er 1.) The CAM is used to identify

w h i ch v eh i cl es n ee d d econ t a m i n a t i n g, a n d P D D E s u pp or t i s r eq u es t e d.

Coordination with higher headquarters (HQ) includes identifying the linkup

p oi n t a n d t h e u n i t t h a t w i l l p r ov id e t h e P D D E s u pp or t . S i gn a l op er a t i n g

instructions (SOI) information is excha nged a nd the technique (decentra lized

company control, centralized ba tt alion control, or centra lized brigade control)

is selected. The num ber a nd t ype of vehicles and th e number of personnel for a

MOPP -gear exchange a re provided.


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3-2 Operational Decon

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Table 3-1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Operational-Decon Techniques

3- 6. S i t e se le ct io n is d o n e by t h e co n t r o ll in g H Q . T h e si t e m a y h a ve be e n

designated in the operation order (OPORD) or selected based on the current

METT-TC. For site characteristics, see Table 3-2.

3-7. Linkup at the designated point includes establishing security, positioning

a n y n e ce ssa r y m a r sh a ll in g a r e a s, ca m ou f la g in g r e m ova l p oin t s , d e sig na t in g

the direction of f low into and out of the site, and ensuring tha t unit supply ha s

sufficient replacement MOP P gear.

3- 8. S i t e se t u p r e q u ir e s t h e PD D E cr e w t o p o sit io n i t se lf u p w in d f r o m t h e

e n t r a n ce . S e t u p t h e MO PP- g e a r e x ch a n g e a bo u t 164 f e e t u p w in d f r o m t h e

veh icle w a sh d ow n a t a 45 a n g le . N ot i f y t h e con t a m in a t e d u n it w h e n t h e si t eis ready.

EXECUTION

3-9. The execution phase starts with establishing positive control over the site

a n d e n d s w it h p r ocessin g t h e la st con t a m in a t e d ve h icle a n d sold ier t h r o u gh

the sit e. Vehicles move from the predecon a rea to th e site either on order or by

w a t ch i ng t h e v eh i cl e a h ea d . C on t a m i n a t e d s ol d ie rs l ea v e t h e v eh i cl e a n d

proceed to the MOPP-gear-exchange point . The contaminated unit provides

security.

3-10. E ach vehicle receives a 2- to 3-minute w ash down with hot , soapy wa ter

and moves to a point near the MOPP-gear exchange. Any remaining soldiers

requiring MOPP-gear exchange will do so then. When the squad or crew has

finished, it remounts its vehicles a nd m oves into a n a fter-decon ass embly area(AA) to await further instructions or moves to its next battle position.

SITE CLE ARANCE

3-11. The site-cleara nce pha se includes cleanup, ma rking, a nd reporting.

METT-TC will dictate the cleanup requirements. The PDDE crew buries or

d o u ble ba g s a n d r e m o ve s co n t a m in a t e d MO PP g e a r a n d o t h e r e x p e n d a ble s.

S t a n d a r d N B C con t a m in a t i on m a r ker s a r e p os t ed , a n d t h e P D D E cr ew

submits an NBC 5 report .

Decentralized CompanyControl

Centralized BattalionControl

Centralized BrigadeControl

Advantages Flexibil ityDispersion

C2

FlexibilityDispersionPlanningSustained operations

C2

Synchronized supportassets

RehearsalTimePlanningSustained operations

Disadvantages C2


RehearsalTimePlanning

Sustained operations


RehearsalTime

FlexibilityDispersion


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Table 3-2. Operational-Decon Phases

VEHICLE WASHDOWN3- 12. A ve h icle w a sh d o w n m a y be co n d u ct e d w it h o r w it h o u t PD D E a n d in

either a one- or two-lane configuration. An unsupported washdown requires

the conta mina ted unit t o have wa shing equipment t ha t can produce 60 to 120

pounds per squa re inch (psi) of wat er pressure. The capacity t o heat wa ter a nd

in je ct soa p in cr e a se s e ff ect ive n ess. A su p p or t e d w a sh d ow n r e q u ir e s P D D E

or g a n ic t o t h e u n it or f r om a su pp or t in g ch em ica l d e con or d u a l-p u r pose

company. A two-lane washdown is simply a one-lane washdown parallel withanother (see Figure 3-1, page 3-4).

3-13. Other configurations are limited only by the constraints of the METT-

TC. Figure 3-2, pa ge 3-5, illustra tes a dispersed operational-decon setup.

Table 3-3, page 3-5, describes the vehicle-washdown process.

MOPP-GEAR EXCHANGE

3-14. A MOPP-gear exchange can be done with a buddy team, a tr iple buddy

team , or a n individual (emergency). For plan ning purposes, estimat e about 60

Preparation

Decon

assessment

Identify soldiers and equipment to be decontaminated.

Coordination Request PDDE support. The chemical section conducts coordination with thecontaminated unit on the linkup point. Decon operations should be done between 1 and 6hours after becoming contaminated.

Site selection Is selected by the controlling HQ.Is off the main route but has easy access.Is a large enough area (120 square yards per site for a squad-size element).Has good overhead concealment.Has a good water source (plan for 100 gallons per vehicle).Has good drainage.

Linkup Ensure that the noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) knows where to link up withthe contaminated unit and the location for site setup. Radio communication is essentialfor operations.

Site setup Ensure that the PDDE is positioned properly and ready to dispense hot, soapy water.Ensure that the contaminated unit sets up and operates the MOPP-gear exchange at the

same time as the vehicle washdown. Consider contamination runoff when positioning thePDDE.

Execution

Site controland security

Ensure that the drivers of the contaminated vehicles know when to move into position atthe washdown location.

Ensure that the contaminated unit has provided site security.

Processing Ensure that the decon site NCOIC is processing vehicles at a rate of 2 to 3 minutes pervehicle. Also, ensure that soldiers are going through the MOPP-gear exchange at therate of 30 minutes per squad/crew.

Site Clearance

Cleanup Decon site NCOIC ensures that the MOPP-gear-exchange area is cleaned up.Marking andreporting

Decon site NCOIC ensures that his team properly marks the decon site and sends theNBC 5 report forward.


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

minutes for a squad or a platoon to complete the exchange. Since individual

p e r f o r m a n ce is se ve r e ly d e g r a d e d a f t e r 6 h o u r s a t MO PP4, t h e MO PP- g e a r

exchange should be scheduled before that time.

Figure 3-1. Two-Lane Washdown

MOPP-gear exchange

Step 1 - button

up vehicle &equipment

164 feet

Minimum of

164 feet

164 to 230 feet

Marshalling area

Step 1 - button

up vehicle &equipment

Control point

Step 2 - wash

down vehicle

and equipment

Step 2 - wash

down vehicle

and equipment

Step 3 - move

to the AA

Move to the

tactical AA

Wind


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-2. Dispersed Operational-Decon Setup

Table 3-3. Vehicle-Washdown Process

Steps Equipment Procedures1. Assemble vehicles. Unitis tactically dispersed.Personnel at the controlpoint direct movement.

Watch Personnel at the control pointsupervise preparing vehiclesand directing movement out ofthe AA.

2. Prepare vehicles. None Individual/crew closes allaccess doors, hatches,windows, and other openings.Remove camouflage andcover muzzles. If required,crews (less drivers) move tothe MOPP-gear-exchangearea. Move to the wash areaon order.

3. Perform washdown. Delivery system (such as the M12 and M17,65-gallon-per-minute [GPM] pump, fire-fighting equipment, and so forth) that delivershot, soapy water at 60 to 120 psi. Alsosufficient water, fuel, and detergent forvehicles.

Soldiers/personnel washequipment from top to bottom.Decon crew wears atoxicological apron, protective(TAP) or wet-weather gearover MOPP gear.

4. Move out to the nextposition.

None Vehicles move to the MOPP-gear-exchange area (ifrequired) or the next battleposition.

219 to 547 yards to marshalling-

area control point

L

ane1

Lane2

Lane1

Lane

2

W

ind

MOPP-gear

exchangeMove to the tactical AA

Decon point 3

Decon point 2

Lake

Decon point 1


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

BUDDY-TEAM METHOD

3-15. This method uses pairs of soldiers under the supervision of their squad/

team leader to conduct the buddy-team MOPP -gear exchange. See Ta ble 3-4,

pages 3-7 through 3-17, for detailed step-by-step procedures for this method.F or u n it s e q ui pp ed w i t h t h e com b a t v eh i cl e c r ew m a n u n if or m s y st e m

(CVCU S)/chemical protective und erga rment (CP U ), see Ta ble 3-5, pa ges 3-18

through 3-21.

TRIPLE BUDDY-TEAM METHOD

3-16. This meth od is used by s oldiers eq uipped w ith th e M40A1, M42, or M43

m a sk w it h t h e q u ick - d o f f h o o d . A t h ir d so ld ie r is n e e d e d t o h o ld t h e f i l t e r

ca n ist er a n d h o se t o p r even t t h e t r a n sf e r o f con t a m in a t ion . S e e Ta ble 3-6,

pages 3-22 through 3-27, for d eta iled st ep-by-step pr ocedures for t his m ethod.

For unit s equipped w ith th e CVCU S/CP U, see Ta ble 3-7, pages 3-28 th rough

3-30.

INDIVIDUAL (EMERGENCY) METHOD

3-17. This m ethod is used only wh en a soldier does not h a ve buddy t o help him

a n d t h e r i s k of M O P P -g ea r f a i lu r e d em a n d s t h a t a n e xch a n g e occu r . S e e

Table 3-8, pages 3-31 through 3-33, for detailed step-by-step procedures for

this m ethod. For units equipped wit h t he CVCU S/CP U, see Ta ble 3-9, pages

3-34 through 3-37.


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O

perationalDecon

3-7

Steps ContaminationType

Required Equipment Procedures

1. Decon gear

removes grosscontamination fromindividual gear(weapons, helmet, load-bearing equipment, andmask carrier).

All

contamination

Four long-handled

brushesA large piece of plastic

(poncho orsimilar material)

The soldier mixes three parts earth to two parts STB.

Chemical/biological

One 30-galloncontainer, STB drymix, and one IEDK

The soldier removes and discards the chemical protectivebrushes or rubs STB onto his individual gear (helmet and mof the M42 or M43 mask if worn. He gently shakes off aaside his gear on an uncontaminated surface.

Radiological Hot, soapy water The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination frowashes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then seuncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar materia

2. Prepare to deconfacilitates later removalof overgarment trousersand overboots.

Allcontamination

Cutting tool Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2s hooshoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro fasteners. HeBuddy #2s hood (see Figure 3-3, page 3-8). He removfrom Buddy #2's overgarment. He unties the drawcords on#2s overgarment. He unzips Buddy #2's trouser legs and leg, ensuring that the cuffs do not come above the tops of 3-4, page 3-8). He unfastens or cuts the fasteners on Budd

A soldier can do this step by himself or with the hewearing overboots, unsnap both quick releases on tvoice amplifier (M7) and the M42A2 detachable mdecontaminated and will be disposed of as contamensure that these items are contaminated before dispo

3. Decon mask and

hoodremoves grosscontamination.

Chemical/

biological

Two IEDKs per

person

Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2s eye-lens ou

(NOTE: Do not press so hard that you break Buddy #then wipes the rest of Buddy #2s hood from the top of thehood (see Figure 3-5, page 3-9). After he has finished wipmust wipe his own gloves in preparation for rolling Buddy the rear and rolls Buddy #2s hood, using 2-inch tucks, unhis head (see Figure 3-6, page 3-9). He rolls the front ounder the outlet valve and filter. He ensures that the hgarment (see Figure 3-7, page 3-10).

Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-3. Loosening the Drawcord on the Hood

Figure 3-4. Rolling the Cuff in the Trouser


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-5. Wiping From the Head to the Bottom of the Hood


29/229


FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-6. Rolling the Hood to the Center of the Head

Figure 3-7. Ensuring That the Hood is off the Garment


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Op

erationalDecon3-11

Steps Contamination

Type


3. Decon mask andhood (continued).

Radiological Three containers(about 3-galloncapacity)

Two spongesSoapy waterRinse waterPaper towels or similar

drying material

Buddy #1 wipes Buddy #2s mask and hood with a sponge dand rinses them with a sponge dipped in clean water. He dhood with paper towels or rags. Buddy #2 wipes his own glowater is not as effective for removing contamination, bscrub longer. If the water supply is limited, use drinking watewet sponge or cloth. If water is not available, brush and duparticles. Do not reverse roles. Only Buddy #2s hood wrolled at this time.

4. Removeovergarments andoverbootslimitsthe spread ofagents and helps

prevent agentsfrom penetratingthrough to theundergarments orthe skin.

Allcontamination

Two discardcontainers (forexample, plastic

bags)

Buddy #1 grasps Buddy #2s overgarment jacket, unsnaps tunties the drawcord at the bottom of the jacket (see Figunfastens the Velcro at the wrist of Buddy #2s jacket anunfastens the Velcro closure over the zippered front of Buddy

jacket. He grasps Buddy #2s jacket at the shoulders and in

He then pulls Buddy #2s jacket down and away from him, ensthe jacket is not touched (see Figure 3-9, page 3-12). He layjacket on the ground, black side up. (It will be used to staunfastens and unzips Buddy #2s trousers. NOTE: Do not tabs. He instructs Buddy #2 to loosen his overboots by alteheel and pulling up on his foot (see Figure 3-1 0, page 3-1trousers and pulls them down to his knees. He instructs Butrousers/overboots simultaneously and step onto the black sid3-11, page 3-13). Buddy #2 should step onto the jacket weauniform (BDU), combat boots, and gloves.

5. Remove gloves. Allcontamination

Two discardcontainers (from step4)

The soldier holds the fingertips of his gloves and partially slidefingers of both hands are free, he holds his arms away from hdrop (see Figure 3-12, page 3-14).

Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-8. Unsnapping the Trousers From the Jacket

Figure 3-9. Pulling the Jacket Down and Away


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-10. Loosening the Overboots

Figure 3-11. Stepping on the Black Lining of the Jacket


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FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-12. Removing the Gloves


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Op

erationalDecon3-15

StepsContamination

Type


6. Put onovergarment.

Allcontamination

One set of chemicalprotectiveovergarments perperson

Buddy #1 opens the package containing the new overgainside of the package. Buddy #2 pulls out the overgarment wof the package. He puts on the overgarment and fastensopen (see Figure 3-13, page 3-16). Do not reverse roles.the clean overgarment at this time.

7. Put on overbootsand gloves.

Allcontamination

One set of chemicalprotective overbootsper person

One set of chemicalprotective gloves perperson (correct size)

M9 detector paper

Buddy #1 opens the package of clean overboots without package. Buddy #2 removes the overboots from the pacoutside of the package, puts them on, and fastens his trousepackage of clean gloves without touching the inside of the pathe gloves from the package without touching the outside of on. Buddy #2 puts on the M9 detector paper (see Figurereverse roles. Only Buddy #2 will put on the clean overboo

Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)


35/229


FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-13. Putting on the New Overgarment

Figure 3-14. Putting on the M9 Detector Paper


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Op

erationalDecon3-17

Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)

Figure 3-15. Securing the Hood

Steps Contamination

Type


8. Secure hood. All contamination One IEDK Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2's gloves. He uattaches the straps and tightens the neck cord. Buddy #roles and repeat steps 2 through 8.

9. Secure gear. All contamination One chemical protectivehelmet cover perperson

The soldier secures his individual gear and puts it back oputs on a new chemical protective helmet cover and movbuddy system to check the fit of all secured gear.


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3-18OperationalDecon

Steps Contamination

Type


1. Decon gear

removes grosscontamination fromindividual gear(weapons, helmet,load-bearingequipment, andmask carrier).

All

contamination

Four long-handled

brushesA large piece of plastic(poncho or similarmaterial)


Chemical/biological


The soldier removes and discards the chemical protectivebrushes or rubs the STB onto his individual gear and theworn. He gently shakes off any excess STB and seuncontaminated surface.

Radiological Hot, soapy water The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination frowashes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then seuncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar materia

2. Prepare fordeconfacilitates MOPP-gear removal.

Allcontamination

Cutting tool Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2s hoshoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro fastener. HeBuddy #2s hood. He removes the M9 detector paper fromunzips the ankles on both legs of Buddy #2s CVCUS. fasteners on Buddy #2s overboots. NOTE: A soldier canor with the help of his buddy.

3. Decon mask andhoodremovesgross contamination.

Chemical/biological

Two IEDKs per person Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2s eye-lens ou(NOTE: Do not press so hard that you break Buddy #then wipes the rest of Buddy #2s hood from the top of thehood (see Figure 3-5, page 3-9). After he has finished wipmust wipe his own gloves in preparation for rolling Buddy the rear and rolls Buddy #2s hood, using 2-inch tucks, unhis head (see Figure 3-6, page 3-9). He rolls the front o

under the outlet valve and filter. He ensures that the hooment (see Figure 3-7, page 3-10).

Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange


38/229

Op

erationalDecon3-19

StepsContamination

Type


3. Decon mask andhood (continued).

Radiological Three containers (about3-gallon capacity)

Two spongesSoapy waterRinse waterPaper towels or similar

drying material

Buddy #1 wipes Buddy #2s mask and hood with a sponge and rinses them with a sponge dipped in clean water. He dhood with paper towels or rags. Buddy #2 wipes down his osoapy water is not as effective for removing contaminatyou scrub longer. If the water supply is limited, use canteen with a wet sponge or cloth. Only Buddy #2sdecontaminated and rolled at this time.

4. Remove CVCUS/overbootslimitsthe spread ofcontamination.

Allcontamination

Two discard containers(for example, plasticbags)

Buddy #1 opens all the zippers on Buddy #2s CVCUS in ankles, and front. While standing behind Buddy #2 and aBuddy #1 grasps the shoulders of Buddy #2s CVCUS and ito ensure that his gloves do not come off. He then pulls below his knees, turning it inside out. He has Buddy #

overboots by alternately stepping on each heel and pullikneeling, Buddy #1 grasps one leg of Buddy #2s CVCUinstructs him to remove his leg and foot simultaneously (seAs Buddy #2 removes each leg and foot, he steps directly o

5. Remove CPUjacket/gloves.

Allcontamination

Two discard containers Buddy #2 holds the fingertips of his gloves and partially sthe fingers of both hands are free, he holds his arms away gloves drop. Buddy #1 unzips and removes Buddy #2s Cthe shoulders and pulling down, turning it inside out (see Figplaces it on the clean area with the clean side up. He remoglove inserts.

Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange (Contin


39/229


FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-16. Removing Leg and Foot From the Garment

Figure 3-17. Removing the Garment and Turning it Inside Out


40/229

Op

erationalDecon3-21



6. Removecombat boots/CPU pants.

Allcontamination

Two discard containers Buddy #1 instructs Buddy #2 to stand on the clean area (but nunlace his combat boots. Buddy #2 partially removes his boon each heel and pulling up on his foot. Buddy #1 grasps oninstructs him to remove his foot. As Buddy #2 removes his fothe clean side of the CPU jacket. Repeat the procedure for t#1 removes Buddy #2s CPU drawers by pulling down on thinside out. Buddy #2 is now stripped to his underwear and mnew clothing. NOTE: If Buddy #2s feet come in contacpants of the CPU, decon them.

7. Put on CPU/CVCUS.

Allcontamination

One CPU/CVCUS persoldier

Buddy #1 opens the package containing the new undergarinside of the package. Buddy #2 pulls out the undergarmoutside of the package. He puts on the new clothing in tdrawers, CPU jacket, combat boots, and CVCUS (over the CP

8. Put onoverboots andgloves.

Allcontamination

One set of chemicalprotective overbootsper soldier

One set of chemicalprotective gloves persoldier

M9 detector paper

Buddy #1 opens the package of clean overboots without tpackage. Buddy #2 removes the overboots without touching and puts them on. Buddy #1 opens the package of clean glinside. Buddy #2 removes the gloves without touching the oputs them on. Buddy #2 puts on the M9 detector paper (see F

9. Secure hood. Chemical/biological

One IEDK Buddy #1 wipes his rubber gloves with an IEDK. He unroattaches the straps and tightens the neck cord. Buddy #1 aand repeat steps 2 through 9.

10. Secure gear. Allcontamination

One chemicalprotective helmet

cover per person

The soldier secures his individual gear and puts it back on. Hprotective helmet cover and moves to the AA. He uses the bu

of all secured gear.

Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange (Con


41/229




1. Decon gearremoves grosscontamination fromindividual gear(weapons, helmet,load-bearing equip-ment, and mask car-rier).

Allcontamination

Four long-handledbrushes

A large piece of plastic(poncho or similarmaterial)


Chemical/biological


The soldier removes and discards the chemical protectivbrushes or rubs STB onto his individual gear (helmet hose of the M42 or M43 mask if worn. He gently shakesets aside his gear on an uncontaminated surface.

Radiological Hot, soapy water The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contaminatioHe washes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then uncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar mate

2. Prepare todeconfacilitates laterremoval ofovergarmenttrousers andoverboots.

Allcontamination

Cutting tool Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2shis shoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro fastener.on Buddy #2s hood and ties off the microphone cord to Figure 3-19). He removes the M9 detector paper fromHe unzips Buddy #2's trouser legs and rolls a cuff in eacthe cuffs do not come above the tops of his overboots. fasteners on Buddy #2s overboots. NOTE: A soldier caor with the help of his buddy.

Table 3-6. Steps for the Triple-Buddy Method MOPP-Gear Exchange With the M40A1 and


42/229


FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-19. Tying the Microphone Cord to the Hose of the Mask

Figure 3-18. Reapplying the M9 Detector Paper


43/229


44/229

Op

erationalDecon3-25



5. Remove gloves. Allcontamination

Discard container(from Step 4)

The soldier holds the fingertips of his gloves and partiallythe fingers of both hands are free, he holds his arms awagloves drop.

6. Put onovergarment.

Allcontamination

One set of chemicalprotectiveovergarments perperson

Buddy #1 opens the package containing the new overgainside of the package. Buddy #2 pulls out the overgaoutside of the package. He puts on the overgarment trouser legs open. Do not reverse roles. Only Buddovergarments at this time.

Table 3-6. Steps for the Triple-Buddy Method MOPP-Gear Exchange With the M40A1 and M42 (C


45/229


FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3

Figure 3-20. Removing the Outer Garment


46/229

Op

erationalDecon3-27

Steps Contamination

Type


7. Put onoverboots andgloves.

Allcontamination

One set of chemicalprotective overbootsper person

One set of chemicalprotective gloves perperson

M9 detector paper

Buddy #1 opens the package of clean overboots without topackage. Buddy #2 removes the overboots without toucpackage, puts them on, and fastens his trouser legs. Buddof clean gloves without touching the inside of the package.gloves without touching the outside of the package and pputs on the M9 detector paper. Do not reverse roles. Oclean overboots and gloves at this time. NOTE: The glovhave a light powdery coating. This is normal. It is noit. It will not affect the protective qualities.

8. Secure hood. Allcontamination

One IEDK Buddy #1 wipes his rubber gloves with an IEDK. He unroattaches the straps and tightens the neck cord. He checkson Buddy #2's hood. Buddy #1 and Buddy #2 reverse rothrough 8.

9. Secure gear. Allcontamination

One chemicalprotective helmetcover per person

The soldier secures his individual gear and puts it back chemical protective helmet cover and moves to the AA. Heto check the fit of all secured gear.

Table 3-6. Steps for the Triple-Buddy Method MOPP-Gear Exchange With the M40A1 and M42 (


47/229


Steps Contamination

Type

Required

Equipment

Procedures

1. Decon gear

removes grosscontaminationfrom individualgear (weapons,helmet, load-bear-ing equipment,and mask carrier).

All

contamination

Four long-handled

brushesA large piece of

plastic (poncho orsimilar material)


Chemical/biological


The soldier removes and discards the chemical protective hbrushes or rubs STB onto his individual gear (helmet and mof the M43 mask if worn. He gently shakes off any excess STon an uncontaminated surface.

Radiological Hot, soapy water The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination fromwashes it with hot, soapy water (if available) and sets

uncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar material)

2. Prepare todeconfacilitates laterremoval ofovergarmenttrousers andoverboots.

Allcontamination

Cutting tool Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2's hshoulder, and reattaches them to the Velcro fastener. He Buddy #2's hood and ties off the microphone cord to theremoves the M9 detector paper from Buddy #2's overgarmetrouser legs and rolls a cuff in each trouser leg, ensuring thabove the top of his overboots. He unfastens or cuts the overboots. NOTE: A soldier can do this step by himselbuddy.

Table 3-7. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Triple-Buddy Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange With th

M40A1, M42, and M43 (Aviation and Armor)


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Op

erationalDecon3-29


RequiredEquipment

Procedures

3. Decon maskand hoodremoves grosscontamination.

Chemical/biological

Two IEDKs perperson

If wearing the M42 or M43 mask, use the buddy-team method (thuses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2's hood, m ask, canister, and hose NOTE: Do not press so hard that you break Buddy #2's facemany wipes as necessary. Buddy #3 wipes off his gloves and hocanister away from his contaminated overgarment. After Buddy #and then his own gloves, he rolls Buddy #2s hood. He starts from#2s hood, using 2-inch tucks, until it reaches the center of his he3-9). He rolls the front of Buddy #2s hood tightly under the ouensures that the hood is off of Buddy #2's garment (see Figure 3-7

Radiological Three containers(about 3-galloncapacity)

Two spongesSoapy waterRinse waterPaper towels or

similar dryingmaterial

Buddy #1 wipes Buddy #2's mask and hood with a sponge dippedrinses them with a sponge dipped in clean water. He dries Buddy paper towels or rags. Buddy #2 wipes his own gloves. NOTE: Cas effective for removing contamination, but it can be used if ywater supply is limited, use drinking water from you canteen withwater is not available, brush and dust off the radioactive dust paroles. Only Buddy #2's hood will be decontaminated and rolled at

4. Remove

CVCUS

overboots

limits the

spread of

contamination.

Allcontamination

Two discardcontainers (forexample,plastic bags)

Buddy #1 opens a

Documents

FM 203-5 NBC Decontamination