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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturisinstituti

folkloristTa samecnierokonferenciis Tezisebi

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eZRvneba akaki wereTlis

175 wlisTavs

2015 wlis 3 ivnisi

L

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redaqtori _ r. ColoyaSvili

reglamenti: moxseneba 15 wT.kamaTi 5 wT.

Tsu SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

Tbilisi, m. kostavas quCa, #№ 5; tel.: 995 (32) 99 53 00

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sarCevi

3 ivnisi, 11 sT.

saaqto darbazi

Sesavali sityva _ irma ratiani _ SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

oTar oniani SoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutiamiranianis guruli variantis `kalmaxela~ analizi.........................................................................7

eka CxeiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutimiTosuri motivebisa da saxe-simboloebistransformaciis formebi xalxur satrfialo poeziaSi........................................................9

rusudan ColoyaSviliirma yvelaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutiqali personaJebi novelistur zRaprebSi..............................11

nino balanCivaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutidemonur arsebaTa mxatvrulisaxe-cvlilebani miTosur azrovnebaSi..................................12

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nestan ratianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti`suramis cixe~ da `suramiada~.....................................................14

eTer inwkirveliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti`adamis xelwerilis“ bibliuri saxis folkloruli transformaciis sakiTxi...............................................................16

3 ivnisi, 14 sT.

saaqto darbazi

qeTevan elaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutiliteraturuli zRapris fenomeni(wiTelquda → wiTelkuda)...........................................................17

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauri britanuli folkloruli sazogadoebis wevrisaxalxo gmiris anabajis saxis SeswavlisaTvis.....................................................................18

dalila bedianiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti`beJaniani~ da qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi............................................................................20

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marine turaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutigoleTianT qalqva...........................................................................22

tristan maxauriivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiqarTuli xalxuri balada `qvadaCalaSi TuSebsa~... ................................................................24

xvTiso mamisimediSviliivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisakraluri da sagmiro motivebis kontaminacia sayeino Tasisa da narTebis vacamongas funqciebSi...............................................26

mariam bakuriZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti„kdini“ TuSeTSi................................................................................30

qeTevan sixaruliZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetimolaSqre RvTaebaTaTanmxlebi adamianebi.........................................................................31

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amiranianis guruli variantis `kalmaxela~

analizi

oTar oniani SoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

amiranianis dRemde cnobili versiebidan guriaSi moZi-ebuli Canaweri `kalmaxela~ gamoirCeva Tematuri siaxl-iTa da arqaulobiT. igi erTaderTia, svanuri variante-bis Semdeg, sadac amirani kulturuli gmiris yvela niSan-TvisebebiT aris warmodgenili. siaxlea, rom Zegli atarebs monadiris saxels da ara centraluri gmirisas. ̀ kalmaxela~ saerTod originaluri movlenaa Cvens miTosur samyaroSi. igi gvelismWameli mindias tipis iniciaciagamovlili per-sonaJia. mas esmis cxovelTa da frinvelTa ena, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, uxmos maT daxmarebisaTvis, aris uda-buri tyis mflobeli. siRrmiseulad swvdeba am sauflos idumalebas, igive iTqmis miwier ZalebTan wilnayarobasa da urTierTobaze... uxsenebelma kalmaxela bevr saidum-loebas aziara, aCuqa Tavisi gamonacvali magiuri Zalis mqone tyavi (perangi), romelic sanam welze hqonda Semor-tymuli, daRlas ar grZnobda, mowinaaRmdegis iaraRi ar ekareboda. amitom brZolidan yovelTvis gamarjvebuli gamodioda. uxsenebelma gaando, rom igi dalis erT-erTi mcvelTagania. es ki arsebiTi xasiaTis siaxlea, mas ar eZeb-neba analogi, sxva kuTxeTa variantebSi, magram sakiTxavia, vin arian sxva mcvelebi? mTqmeli dums. unda vivaraudoT, rom qalRmerTi dalis mcvelebi uxilavi arsebebi arian. teqstSi maTi vinaoba gaidumalebulia. igi Zeglis gansa-kuTrebuli mniSvnelobis siaxlea, Znelad amosacnobi... uxsenebelma isic auwya kalmaxelas, rom Signidan manaTo-beli kldis gamoqvabulSi yvela nadiris mfarveli dali cxovrobs; aswavla, Tu rogor Casuliyo iq. gveli – mcve-li dalis gamoqvabulisken asasvleli saidumlo xvreli-

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sa, siaxlea. kalmaxela xSirad dadioda dalTan da eyola vaJi, romelsac nadirT patronma amirani uwoda. Cvili gazarda mewisqvile jaxunas qaliSvilma TuTaiam, romel-Tanac kalmaxelas ori vaJiSvili hyavda: badri da usufai. jaxunam, meTevze biWinam da kalmaxelam erToblivi Zalis-xmeviT SeZles biWinas ori qaliSvilis devebis tyveobidan gaTavisufleba... davaJkacebulma amiranma da misma Zmebma boroti Zalebi ise Seaviwroves, rom adamianTa sacxovriss aranairi safrTxe aRar emuqreba. simSvidea, devebis tyve-obidan gaTavisuflebuli biWinas qaliSvilebi daTxovd-nen, badrim da usufaim ojaxebi Seqmnes. amirani martoa, aravinaa mis gverdiT. swored aqedan iwyeba centraluri gmiris cxovreba-moRvaweobis axali periodi. igi CaerTo wminda adamianur urTvierTobebSi. misi umTavresi sazru-navi adamianebisaTvis sikeTis motana, cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesabaa. ukve amiranis qmedebebSi mTeli sisruliT warmoCinda WeSmariti kulturuli gmiris niSan-Tvisebebi: igi dadis soflidan-sofelSi da xalxs sxvadasxva xelo-bas aswavlis. aq, pirvel rigSi, imis Tqmaa aucilebeli, rom amiranma adamianebs kvesiTa da abediT xelovnuri cecx-lis gaCena, Senaxva da moxmareba aswavla. mTqmelis SeniS-vniT, cecxli `mouSinaurao~. is pirvel mWedladaa wode-buli miwier saufloSi. mWedlebi minam civ rkinas Weddnen. amiranma maT saberveli gamougona da aswavla sabrZolo, samonadireo da samuSao iaraRis gamoWedva, aseve daexma-ra sofelSi medoqeebs, meqoTneebs. gaukeTa qoTnebisa da doqebis gamosawvavi qura – aswavla Tixis WurWlis gamow-va, mekeceebs – kecis gamowva, mxvnel-mTesvelebs axos aRebis wesi da mravali sxva... davZenT, rom xelovnuri cecxlis gaCena da `moSinaureba~ axali elementia amira-nologiis istoriaSi. svanur CanawerebSi (qaldaniseuli, gurCianiseuli da guledaniseuli) amiranma qvesknelur Zalebs warstaca cecxli, amoitana samzeoze da aswavla adamianebs misi gamoyeneba. vimeorebT, xelovnuri cecx-lis gaCena mxolod guruli variantis specifikaa.

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miTosuri motivebisa da saxe-simboloebis

transformaciis formebi xalxur satrfialo

poeziaSi*

eka CxeiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

qarTul xalxur satrfialo poezias axasiaTebs poetur saxe-simboloTa mravalferovneba, tropuli metyvelebisa da mza formulaTa daxvewiloba. gvxvdeba tropis saxeebi, romlebSic Cans mxatvruli Semoqmedebis uZveles formaTa anarekli, kerZod, epiTetebSi Semonaxulia miTologiuri azrovnebis elementebi. Tumca zogjer Zneli misaxvedria leqsis esa Tu is striqoni mxolod metaforaa Tu Zveli miTis namsxvrevebi. satrfialo poeziis qveJanrebia: qeba, miniatura, natvra, gabaaseba, elegia, balada, romlebic ganviTarebis metad maRal, mxatvrulad daxvewil formebs iZleva da Tavis droze xSir SemTxvevaSi sagazagxulo dReobaTa ritualebSi sruldeboda.

satrfialo poeziaSi mravali nimuSi arsebobs, sadac qali Tu vaJi mnaTobTan, gansakuTrebiT mzesTan da mTva-resTan aris Sedarebuli. eseni yvelaze metad gavrcele-buli saxeebia lirikuli gmiris Sesamkobad. qarTulma lirikulma leqsma SeimuSava tradiciul epiTetTa da SedarebaTa didi maragi, romelic xSirad erTi leqsidan meoreSi advilad inacvlebs, sruliad axal kontaminacias egueba, axal gaazrebas iZens.

tropis saxeebi (metafora, epiTeti, Sedareba, hiperbo-la, paraleli) xalxur satrfialo leqsebSi gmiris fizi-kuri silamazis, mSvenierebis gamoxatvas emsaxureba: giS-

* varskvlaviT aRniSnuli Temebi – eka CxeiZis, r. ColoyaSvilis, i. yvelaSvi-lis, n. balanCivaZis, e. inwkirvelis ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis erov-nuli fondis (proeqti 31/53) finansuri mxardaWeriT. am publikaciebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvniT avtorebs da SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fon-dis Sexedulebebs. proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli r. ColoyaSvili.

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ris Tmani, lerwami tani, dilis vardi, alvis xe, iis naSo-bi, brolis TiTni, oboli margaliti, maisis vardi, lalis feri. unda aRiniSnos, rom umetesoba am tipis epiTetebi-sa Sedarebazea agebuli da maTi metaforuloba SeiZle-ba konteqstiT aRvadginoT. tropis saxeebi xels uwyobs lirikuli leqsis xatovanebas, sinamdvilis emociur asax-vas, monawileobs leqsis organizebaSi, mis kompoziciur SekvraSi. igi xSirad warmarTavs satrfialo poeziaSi leq-sis musikalur mxaresac.

Tvalni patiosanni anu Zvirfasi qvani umTavresad gamo-yenebulia satrfialo poeziaSi mxatvruli daniSnulebiT. es mxatvruli mizania ferTa Cveneba da maTi saSualebiT silamazis daxatva.

ferebis mixedviT patiosani Tvlebi amgvar suraTs gviCvenebs: TeTri feris gamosaxatavad gamoyenebulia margaliti da broli; almasi da sadafi; es ar aris ub-ralod TeTri, aramed igia elvare, brwyinvale da SuqTa mfeni. elvare TeTri feriT daxatulia gmiris saxe, yeli, kbili, Subli, cxviri, TiTebi. TeTri keTilSobilebisa da silamazis feria.

wiTeli feris dasaxatad gamoyenebulia lali. lalis saSualebiT naCvenebia qalis `loya~ da `tuCi~.

radgan silamazis srulyofili gamoxatvisTvis mxo-lod TeTri da wiTeli feri sakmarisi araa, xalxur po-eziaSi imave miznebisTvis gamoyenebulia mesame feri. is aris Savi. Savi feri TeTrTan da wiTelTan erTad sila-mazis aucilebeli niSania.

Savi feris saCveneblad moxmobilia giSeri: gmiris Tma, Tvalebi, warb-wamwamni da am xerxiT aris dasuraTebuli gmiri.

zurmuxti balaxisa da xavsis feri mwvanes gamosaxata-vad gamoiyeneba. mas mxolod feris datvirTva aqvs.

patiosani Tvlebis simravle da maTi mxatvruli fun-qciis mravalgvaroba mxatvruli azrovnebis maRal do-neze migvaniSnebs.

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qali personaJebi novelistur

zRaprebSi

rusudan ColoyaSviliirma yvelaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

novelisturi zRapris qali personaJebi arian: coli – yvelaze xSirad, qaliSvili, rZali, dedaberi, qali, dedam-Tili, maspinZeli. isini sxvadasxva TvisebebiT gamoirCe-vian, romelTa mixedviTac moixseniebian. es Tvisebebi ki aris rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi xasiaTisa. magali-Tad: Wkviani, moxerxebuli, dafaruli azris amomcnobi, samarTliani, zneobrivi, erTguli; aseve: suleli, abdali, Wkuasusti, zarmaci, zniani, uzneo, moRalate, anCxli, avi da Zunwi.

novelistur zRaprebSi, rogorc wesi, Wkvian cols suleli da zarmaci qmari hyavs, romlis gamosworebasac axerxebs: mas mere, rac dayvavebiT verafers xdeba, mama-kacis tansacmelSi gamowyobili damuqrebiTa da SeSine-biT aRwevs mizans – xdeba qmris feriscvaleba. suleli, Wkuasusti da zarmaci colebis qmrebi ki gonierni arian da colebis mier `SemTxveviT~ (sinamdvileSi ki tradiciu-li wesis dacvis gamo damsaxurebul jildod) mopovebul ganZs saguldagulod uvlian.

zRaparSi qaliSvilic Wkviania, zneobrivi da moxerxe-buli, mas SeuZlia sworad gansajos situacia da samar-Tliani ganaCeni gamoitanos. am Tvisebas is colobisasac inarCunebs. zneobrivi qaliSvili mkacrad uswordeba misi Secdenis msurvel mRvdels, aseve qmris erTguli coli icavs sakuTar Rirsebas. rZalic Wkviania – Tavisi mixved-rilobiT daixsnis sasikvdilod gametebul qmarsa da mamamTils; sxva siuJetis mixedviT survils usrulebs dedamTils, romelsac Tavis droze codva aqvs Cadeni-

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li; aseve keTilad eqveca anCxl dedabers lanZRvisas ar ahyveba, xalxSi ar Searcxvens da gaWirvebaSi Cavardnils mieSveleba. rac Seexeba znian da anCxl colebs – qmrebi axerxeben maT morjulebas: SeSinebiT, damSeviT... moRa-late colebi ki axalgazrda vaJebs mihyvebian, rac ar aris ucxo saerTod zRapruli eposisaTvis. avi da Zunwi – stum-ris moZule colebi ki, didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, sabolood marcxdebian.

demonur arsebaTa mxatvruli saxecvlilebani

miTosur azrovnebaSi*

nino balanCivaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

miTi iZleva samyaros xatovan xedvas. samyaros xato-vani axsna ki miTosuri azrovnebis sawindaria. Tavisi Si-naarsis gadmosacemad saxismetyveleba iseve iyenebs sity-vas, rogorc logikuri azrovneba. miTi sityviT xsnis ama Tu im movlenas, magram es „axsna“ ar scildeba garkveuli ambis Txrobas, ambisa, romelsac ganicdis mTqmeli, ro-gorc namdvils, WeSmarits. miTumetes, rom es ambebi ba-debs msmenelTa zneobriv fenomensa Tu zneobriv Segr-Znebas. Tu Semecneba amdidrebs gonebas, zneoba afaqizebs suls.

qarTul miTosSi, iseve rogorc nebismieri xalxis mi-TosSi, arian ara marto keTili personaJebi (RvTisSvile-bi), aramed – boroti arsebani (devebi, qajebi, avi sulebi). zviad gamsaxurdia, saubrobs ra axali drois mecniere-baSi miTosis gagebaze, askvnis, rom sxvadasxva epoqis sxva-

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dasxva xalxis miTebSi figurireben stereotipuli saxeebi samyarosa da adamianis Semqmneli qvelismyofeli naTeli RmerTebisa, romelTac upirispirdeba bneleTis Zala qao-sisa, drakonisa da sxva urCxulebis saxiT simbolizebuli, romelic xandaxan droebiT amarcxebs da klavs, Tumca ver abrkolebs maT saboloo „gacocxlebas“.

sazrdoobs ra adamianis cnobiereba miTosuri war-modgenebiT, movlenebs igi saxe-simboloebad iazrebs, rac mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi transformaciis for-mebis axsnas uwyobs xels. amitom, savaraudod, miTi unda gaviazroT: miTi – arqetipebiT, personaJi – saxe-simbolo-ebiT, rac qmnis miTis „saxismetyvelebiT enas“.

amjerad SemovifarglebiT demonur arsebaTa mxat-vruli saxe-cvlilebebiT, romelic mJRavndeba maT ambiv-alentur sawyisSi, rac gulisxmobs garkveul Rirebule-baTa sistemas warmodgenils samsaxovnebiT: sami dro, sami sivrce, sami Sre. es niuansuri wvdoma ganapirobebs kvle-vis dinamikas. amitomac keTili sawyisis ganmasaxierebeli arseba SesaZloa konkretuli miTosuri mizanscenis Se-degad borot sulad warmogvidges.xolo boroti ki RvTi-ur arsebad gardaisaxos: „eSmaki dasabamiT keTilisa arse-bisagan Seqmna ufalma“ – aRniSnavs sulxan-saba orbeliani; „rogorc angeloziv RvTis winaSe, egrev eSmakiv. isiniv TanabaruflebiT midianav. RvTiTa qvneba da midianav“; „devebma kacisaTvis gaficva-gaZmobilebac ician da mosis-xleobac“; wylis RvTaeba „ZiZlani“; dedaberi; faskunji...

demonur arsebaTa xasiaTi da buneba maT qmedebaSi vlindeba, iqneba es miwier arsebebTan urTierToba Tu RvTisSvilebTan dapirispireba.

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`suramis cixe~ da `suramiada~

nestan ratianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

maSin, rodesac istoriuli suraTis aRsadgenad wya-roebis simcires ganvicdiT, SesaZloa, rigiTi adamianis Canawerebi dRiuris formiT unikalur masalad iqces. Tumca cnobilia, rom aseTi dRiurebi, Sinaarsidan gamo-mdinare, subieqturia da momxdari ambebis seleqciasa da filtracias axdens avtoris Sexedulebisamebr. miuxe-davad imisa, rom dRiuri istoriuli realobis aRdgenis saqmeSi erTaderT wyarod ver gamodgeba, igi xSir SemTx-vevaSi mniSvnelovan masalas gvawvdis sxvadasxva sakiTx-Tan dakavSirebiT. Tundac dRiuris saSualebiT sakvanZo momentebs naTeli ar moefinos, imas mainc gavigebT, ra emociebi hqondaT Tavad adamianebs. am mxriv gamonaklisi arc moqalaqe-mRvdlis nikita TalaqvaZis dRiuria (`mo-qalaqe-mRvdeli~ Tavad nikitas terminia). teqsti mraval RirsSesaniSnav informacias Seicavs da misi gacnobis Sem-deg saSualeba gveZleva, axali kuTxiT SevxedoT, gadavi-azroT manamade arsebuli mosazrebebi da damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebi. sainteresoa nikita TalaqvaZis dRiurSi moTxrobili erTi ambavi, romelsac Tavad avtori `sura-miadas~ uwodebs. incidents 1922 wlis wyalkurTxevis dros hqonda adgili. komunisti fsevdoxelovanebis gar-kveulma jgufma filmisTvis litaniisas samRvdeloebis ramdenime warmomadgeneli gadaiRo botanikur baRSi. am sasuliero pirebis SerCeva maTi fizikuri monacemebidan gamomdinare moxda, radgan mayureblisTvis vizualizaci-is gziT CaenergaT azri, rom yvela sasuliero piri Ripia-ni da Wamas daxarbebuli iyo. premieras didi aJiotaJi moh-yva. ambavma kaTolikos ambrosis yuramdec miaRwia, razec dekanoz nikita TalaqvaZes axsna-ganmartebis gakeTeba

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mouwia, Tu rogor moxda sinamdvileSi `suramiadaSi~ sam-Rvdeloebis CarTva. wignSi am ambis detalur ganxilvas TiTqmis asi gverdi eZRvneba da Seexeba daniel WonqaZis cnobil, erT dros saprogramod miCneuli nawarmoebis filmad qcevis procesSi, manamade da Semdgom momxdar gaugonar ambavs. moqalaqe-mRvdlis Canawerebis gacnobis Semdeg survili gamiCnda, axali TvaliT wamekiTxa `sura-mis cixec~, masSi aRweril ambebTan dakavSirebuli samec-niero literatura, konteqstis gasagebad saWiro naSro-mebi (maT Soris filipe maxaraZis naSromic, am nawarmoebs rom miuZRvna) da gamomekvlia: teqstSi dasmuli romeli sakiTxebi gamoiyena sabWoTa xelisuflebam saTavisod da ra mizniT SesTavaza mosaxleobas nawarmoebis sakuTari interpretacia. garda amisa Semeswavla dRiurSi aRweri-li burusiT moculi ambavi, romelmac didi ganxeTqileba gamoiwvia sasuliero wreebSi. am mizniT saWirod miviCnie istoriuli konteqstis gaTvaliswineba da `suramis cixis~ legendis damuSaveba, raTa ukeT gamerkvia, Tu rogor Se-asrula marqsist xelovanTa tendenciurma jgufma mkre-xeluri misia da rogor moaxdina faqtebis falsificireba (legendis araswori interpretaciis safuZvelze), rogor CaiTria avantiuraSi motyuebuli samRvdeloeba da ro-gor moaxdina realobis modelireba.

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`adamis xelwerilis“ bibliuri saxis

folkloruli transformaciis sakiTxi*

eTer inwkirveliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

moxsenebaSi dasmulia pavle mociqulis epistoleSi moxmobili mxatvruli saxis – „Cven winaaRmdeg mimarTuli xelwerilis“ (kolaselTa 2.14) – da qristes mier `ganxeT-qis“ motivis folklorizaciis problema.

garda am epizodisa, bibliaSi sxvagan arsad gvxvdeba „xelwerilis“ xseneba arc konkretuli da arc abstraq-tuli saxiT. efrem mcirisa da ioane oqropiris ganmarte-bebSi pavles mier naxsenebi xelwerilis (berZn. χείρογραφον) fizikurad arseboba ar moiazreba. maTi azriT, esaa adamis codviT dacemis gamo Cven winaaRmdeg eSmakis mier Seqmni-li xelwerili, romelsac ieso qriste jvarze milursmviT auqmebs. faqtobrivad, pavle mociquli erTgvar metafo-ras qmnis xelwerilis saxiT, romelsac kanonikur litera-turaSi araviTari narativi ar ukavSirdeba, gansxvavebiT apokrifuli literaturisa da xalxuri sityvierebisgan, sadac bibliuri metaforika ganivrco TxrobiT forma-Si da naratiulad ganviTarda. mas ukavSirdeba qarTul folklorSi adamisa da eSmakis xelwerilis dadebis mo-tivi, romelic ramdenime variantad gvxvdeba, Tavis mew-yvile motivTan erTad, roca ieso qriste iordanes mdi-naridan amoiRebs xsenebul xelwerils da amsxvrevs. unda iTqvas, rom RvTismSoblis daujdomelis me-12 kondakis (sadac aseve gakvriT aris naxsenebi qristes mier xelweri-lis „ganxeTqa“) ikonografiaSi ieso qriste zogjer (mag. orbelianiseuli xelnaweris miniaturebSi) ganpobili gragniliT aris warmodgenili, rac qristianul xelovne-baTmcodeobaSi dogmatur darRvevad iTvleba. ganpobili gragnili ucxo ar aris aRdgomis ikonografiisTvisac.

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folklorSi Txroba gavrcobilia da adamisa da eSma-kis xelwerilis dadebis motivaciebi variantebSi sxva-dasxvagvarad aris warmodgenili: eSmaki adams xan sibne-lidan sinaTleSi gayvanas hpirdeba, xan ki evas samSobiaro tkivilebisgan gaTavisuflebas. TviTon xelwerilic xan qvaze iwereba, xan kecze an dafaze, zog variantSi pirda-pir wignia naxsenebi, romelsac ieso qriste anadgurebs; folkloruli tendenciiT aixsneba motivis variantu-lobis paralelurad aseve is faqtori, rom metaforuli datvirTvis mqone bibliuri mxatvruli saxe („xelwerili“) xalxur tradiciaSi naratiulad ganviTarda, konkretu-li, fizikuri, xilvadi saxe SeiZina da ase damkvidrda.

literaturuli zRapris fenomeni

(wiTelquda → wiTelkuda)

qeTevan elaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

zRaprulobis elferiTaa gamorCeuli Cvens qvecno-bierSi daleqili yovelgvari uCveulo, saocari Tu ara-standartuli siuJeti, romelic bavSvobis asociaciuri aRqmis gamoZaxilia, anu `miTosuri xilvebisa~ Tu `neofi-turi sizmrebis~ erTgvari anarekli.

amitomac, amgvari zRapruli eskizebi sruliad gan-sxvavebul motivacias iZens literaturul zRaprad gardasaxvisas. radgan aq, avtoris xedvidan gamomdina-re, drosa Tu sivrceSi proecirebuli, qrestomaTiuli zRapruli sqema ukve saxes icvlis da qmnis avtoriseuli `zRaparTmetyvelebis kanonikas~. da swored, am marti-

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vi mizeziT, ikveTeba axaldabadebuli literaturuli zRapris mxatvruli traeqtoriac.

amgvarive tendenciebi SeimCneva zaza abzianiZis li-teraturul zRaprebSic; mwerali-mezRapre uCveulo sa-xeldebebiTa Tu personaJTa originaluri istoriebiT cdilobs sakuTari `zRapruli enis~ Seqmnas. avtoris si-tyvaTqmnadobis ilustraciaa, – Tundac misi miniatiu-ruli zRapari `wiTelkuda~ (esaa Tanamedrove zRapari, romelic tradiciuli zRaprebis arqetipebiT araa nasaz-rdoebi...), sadac erTgvar aliteraciul TamaSze gaTvliT miRebuli dasaTaurebiT, bunebrivia, asociaciurad Sarl peros (1628-1703) `wiTelqudas~ aluziac Cndeba...

ori sruliad gansxvavebuli zRapruli siuJeti, mxo-lod da mxolod, sityvaTa gaJRerebis emociuri nakadiT iTrevs mkiTxvels anu qmnis saocar ganwyobas. arada, aq isicaa gasaTvaliswinebeli, rom Sarl peromde evropaSi arsebobda `bebiis istoriis~ sxvadasxva versia da mxo-lod literaturul zRapradqcevam ganapiroba am siuJe-tis msoflio aRiareba.

es ki ukve, – literaturuli zRapris sakuTari istoriaa.

saxalxo gmiris anabajis saxis SeswavlisaTvis

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauri SoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis folkoris arqivi erT-erTi umdidresi siZveleTsaca-via saqarTveloSi. dReisaTvis aq Tavmoyrilia 110000-mde dokumenti saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan: folkloruli teqstebis xelnawerebi,fono Canawerebi, kino-foto masa-

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la. maTi konservaciisa da farTo xelmisawvdomobisTvis zrunva gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan daiwyo, roca arqivis xelmZRvanelobis mier SemuSavda specialuri eleqtronuli programa,romelic yovelwliurad ixvewe-ba da srulyofili xdeba drois moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad. aRniSnul saqmeSi arqivs finansuri daxmareba gauwies jer `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelom~ da SemdgomSi SoTa rusTavelis erovnulma samecniero fondma.

bolo proeqti iTvaliswinebda arqivSi daculi fono Canawerebis digitalizacias da eleqtronul sistemati-zacias, romlis Sedegad damuSavda 2000-mde verbaluri da musikaluri folkloruli masala Cawerili gasuli sau-kunis 50-80-ian wlebSi. aRniSnulma audio Canawerebma Se-mogvinaxa unikaluri verbaluri da musikaluri masala. gadarCenilia profesionali mTqmelebis repertuari, cocxali Txrobis mravalferovani manera, stili, rac momavalSi calke kvlevis saganic ki SeiZleba gaxdes. audio CanawerebSi Cveni yuradReba miipyro1975 wlis qsnis xe-obis eqspediciis masalebma: qsnis saerisTaos dRemde ucnobma istoriulma da religiurma gadmocemebma, leg-endebma, xalxuri tradiciebis amsaxvelma masalam. audio CanawerebSi sayuradReboa mTqmeli aleko pavliaSvi-lis mdidari repertuaridan `anabajis leqsi~. anabajize leqsebi qsnis xeobis kidev ori mTqmelis repertuarSia dafiqsirebuli.

gadmocemis mixedviT anabaji istoriuli pirovneba iyo da me-18 saukunis meore naxevarSi cxovrobda. is warmo-SobiT Tbiliseli iyo, sionis ubneli, TeTriwyaros raio-nis sofel muxaTSi gaTxovili.mas saxeli gauTqvams sima-maciT da iSviaTi fizikuri ZaliT-mklavSi rostomis Rone hqonia da xmalsac marjved xmarobda.anas yvela ganTqmu-li falavani daumarcxebia. TaTrebma anas anabaji Sear-qves (`baji~das niSnavs ). `anam sTqva: meti saxeli baji mazeda mqviano, mters rom mexiviT vuxvdebi, misTvis das meZaxiano~.

anabajis pirovneba dRemde jerovnad ar aris Seswav-lili. gadmocemis mixedviT, igi erekle mefes daufasebia

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da vercxlis xmalic uCuqebia.amboben niko firosmans mi-si portreti dauxatavs, romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.SemorCenila anasadmi miZRvnili xalxuri muxambazi, rom-lis avtorobasac zogi saiaTnovas miawers:

`Tumc moquCdnen qveynis aSuRebia da momarTon yvelam Tavis

Cangebi,

anas qebas mainc sul ver ityvian, Tu ar iyos isev SoTas

hangebi!~

SedarebiT vrceli informacia anabajis cxovrebis Ses-axeb dafiqsirebulia ieTim-gurjis poemaSi ̀ gmiri anabajis leqsi~, romliTac dauwyia poets literaturuli kariera 1895 wels. qsnis xeobis eqspediciis masalebSi daculi ana-bajis leqsebi aRniSnuli poemis gaxalxurebis mcdelobaa.

2006 wels muxaTelebma gadawyvites Tanasoflelis warsuli didebis gacocxleba da anabajis Tasze turniri Caatares qarTul WidaobaSi.winamdebare gamokvleva miz-nad isaxavs miviwyebuli saxalxo gmiris anabajis cxovre-biseuli detalebis Seswavlas gabneuli folkloruli ma-salebis Tavmoyrisa da damuSavebis safuZvelze; misTvis saTanado adgilis damkvidrebas Cvens istoriul warsulSi.

`beJaniani~ da qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi

dalila bedianiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

firdousis `Sah-name~ msoflio literaturis Sedevria. igi imTaviTve cnobilia qarTuli literaturuli wree-bisTvis, rogorc TargmaniT, asave sparsuli dedniT. Tar-gmanTa Soris saukeTeso qarTuli Targmani `Sah-namesi~

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ekuTvnis ew. `aRorZinebis~ xanas. igi jer proziT uTargm-niaT, xolo Semdeg gauleqsavT, aris leqsnarevi variantebic.

`Sah-names~ qarTul versias `rostomiani~ ewodeba, rad-gan is TiTqmis rostomis ciklis ambebiT amoiwureba.

`rostomianis~ erT-erTi epizodi aris rostomis ZmisS-vilis beJanis Tavgadasavali, romelic xalxSi calke mo-Txrobad gavrcelebula da bolos calke wignadac gamo-sula, pirvelad 1879 wels.

xalxSi gavrcelebul `beJanians~ gasCenia sxvadasxva variantebi da sagmiro eposis saintereso nimuSad Camoya-libebula rogorc poeturi, aseve prozauli saxiT.

`beJaniani~ erTob sagulisxmo mimarTebas iCens qarTul xalxur zRaprebTan. masSi aRwerilia zRapris gmirisTvis damaxasiaTebeli araCveulebrivi Zliereba adreul asakSi (beJani zogi variantis mixedviT xuTi wlisaa, zogi vari-antiT – Svidis). pirveli gmiroba, romelic beJanma Caidi-na, iyo armavans taxTa daxocva, maT Soris _ didi taxis mokvla (Sdr. herakles gmiroba, rimanTosis taxis mokvla). amis Semdeg gurgenma, biZamisma mas miaswavla mzeTunaxavi maniJavis, afrasiob TurqTa xelmwifis asulis gza (Sdr. qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi rogor miaswavlis mzeTuna-xavis gzas devi an sxvadasxva piri zRapris gmirs). Semdeg Tavs iCens cru gmiroba gurgenisa, romelmac beJani mi-atova da daibrala, taxi me movkali, beJani ki brZolis qarma sadRac gadaagdoo _ zogi variantiT ambobs, beJa-ni mokvdao, rac beJanis axloblebis mwuxarebas iwvevs, magram mamamisi, an rostomi beJans jadosnur sarkeSi da-inaxaven, Tu rogor aris igi ormoSi datyvevebuli. beJani wyarosTan xvdeba maniJavis moaxles, wyaro ki is adgilia, sadac zRapris gmiri umcrosi Zma xvdeba Tavisi debis mo-axleebs, romelnic mas debTan miiyvanen. isic zRapris epi-zodia, maniJavi rom Tmebs gadmouSvebs da beJani am Tmebs CaWidebuli adis maniJavis koSkSi, sadac isini sasiyva-rulo netarebas miecemian. is ambavi, rom qals yoveldRe swonian da beJanTan satrfialo urTierTobis Semdeg maniJavi wonaSi imatebs, aseve zRapriseulia.

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Semdeg modis epizodi `qali mamis winaaRmdeg~ – mani-Javi sakuTar mamas afrasiobs daupirispirdeba beJanis gamo – esec zRapriseulia (Sdr. amiranis miTSi yamaris dapirispireba mamasTan amiranis siyvarulis gamo, aseve medes dapirispireba sakuTar mamasTan, samSobosTan iaso-nis gamo). mefe afrasiobi beJans ormoSi Caagdebs da maniJa-vi mas CamoTxovili puriT asazrdoebs – esec zRapriseuli epizodia. Semdeg beJans gamouCndeba damxmare rostomi da igi ixsnis gasaWiridan. beJani gurgens ar patiobs Ra-lats da vaSls aagdebs, Cven ors Soris mtyuans daeceso. vaSli daecema gurgens da klavs – esec zRapriseulia.

`beJanianis~ zog variantSi gvxvdeba moRalate dedabe-ric, romelmac bangi Seapara beJans RvinoSi, daaZina da ise daaWerina xelmwifes, esec zRapriseulia.

amrigad, `beJanianSi~, SeiniSneba ara-erTi zRaprise-uli detali, rac imas mowmobs, rom es nawarmoebi uZveles droSive gaxalxurda da man Rrmad gaidga fesvebi xalxur cnobierebaSi.

gogilaanT qalqva

marine turaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

kaxeTis 1961 wlis folkloruli eqspediciis vrcel angariSSi prof. mixeil Ciqovani saintereso cnobas iZle-va yvarlis raionis soflebis eniselisa da sabues midamo-ebSi jer kidev SemorCenili amindis marTvis ritualebis Sesaxeb. mkvlevari asaxelebs Semdegi sami saxis rituals: a) dideba, b) qal-qvebis datireba da g) wyalSi guTnis gaTreva.

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rogorc zemoTxsenebul eqspediciis angariSSi, ise xelnawer masalebSi – e.w. qal-qvebTan dakavSirebiT arse-bobs damatebiTi cnobebi, rom maT datirebasac, adgilob-rivTa rwmeniT, sasurveli amindis gamoxmoba SeeZlo. gad-mocemis Tanaxmad, erTxel sofel sabues lekebis moTareSe gundi dasxmia Tavs, erT qals Cvili xelSi auyvania, meore SvilisTvis xeli Caukidia da gaqceula. soflis bolomde urbenia da roca Zalagamoclils ugrZvnia, rom lekis mdevars Tavs versaiT daaRwevda, RmerTisTvis gaqvaveba uTxovia. RmerTs Seusmenia qalis vedreba da igi, Tavis or SvilTan da adevnebul ZaRlis lekvTan erTad, qvad uq-cevia. „imaTi gaqvavebis Semdeg RmerTs utirnia da Svidi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi wvima denila“, – gveubneba gadmo-cema. es qali gvarad gogilaSvilebis ojaxidan yofila, kaxeTSi damkvidrebuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, gogilaanTi.

eqspediis angariSis mixedviT, arqivSi daculi unda yo-filiyo aRniSnuli ritualis dros Sesasrulebeli dide-bisa da qal-qvebis datirebis audioCanawerebi, savarau-do iyo aseve Canawerebis arseboba ritualis Sesrulebis wesTan dakavSirebiTac. yovelive amis codna, cxadia, gan-sakuTrebulad amZafrebda Sesabamisi fonoCanawerebis gamovlenisadmi interess.

qarTul folkloristikaSi digitaluri humanitariis meTodebis danergvam, rasac Sedegad mohyva sakuTari maRalteqnologiuri eleqtronuli resursebis ganviTa-reba, folkloris arqivSi daculi fonoCanawerebis di-gitalizaciasa da eleqtronuli publikaciis gziT maTi sayovelTao xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis safuZ-veli Seqmna. 2013-2015 wlebSi SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis xelSewyobiT ganxorcielda proeqti `folkloris arqivSi daculi fonoCanawerebis xelmisaw-vdomobis uzrunvelyofa digitalizaciisa da eleqtro-nuli sistematizaciis gziT~ ramac eleqtromagnitur fi-rebze Cawerili da aqamde xelmiuwvdomeli masalis em-pi-riuli kvlevebis Catarebis saSualeba mogvca, Sesabami-

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sad, teqstebis mniSvneloba kidev ufro gaizarda (ix. http://www.folktreasury.ge/ARPA/).

unda aRiniSnos, fonoarqivSi gogilaanT qalqvaze arsebuli auTentikuri verbaluri teqstebis nimuSebis kvaldakval aRmoCenil iqna musikaluri folkloris ni-muSebic. dReisaTvis CvenTvis xelmisawvdomia amindis marTvis ritualis dros Sesasrulebeli oTxi araCve-ulebrivi simRera: „gogilaanT qalo“ (ID 34559), „dideba“ (ID 34567), „iavnana“ (ID 34568), „gonjaoba“ (ID 34569) da SemsrulebelTa komentari mdinaris guTniT moxvnis ri-tualTan dakavSirebiT (ID 34566).

konferenciaze warmovaCenT aRniSnuli gadmocemis rogorc gamoqveynebuli variantebis, aseve saarqivo xel-naweri da audio Canawerebis analizs.

qarTuli xalxuri balada `qvadaCalaSi TuSebsa~...

tristan maxauriivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

balada sayofacxovrebo xasiaTisaa da mogviTxrobs TuSi mwyemsebis daRupvas. misi siuJeti moklea da lako-nuri: mecxvareebma mSvidobianad gamoizamTres samuxis saZovrebze, Tavi daaRwies mter-mgels, moZalades, gaza-fxulis pirze ki ahyares cxvari da TuSeTis mTebisken da-iZrnen. pankisis xeobis gavliT isini tbaTanaSi avidnen. Ramis gasaTevad qvaCadalaSi gaCerdnen. SuaRamisas ca moiRrubla, atyda saSineli Weqa-quxili, wamovida Tav-sxma wvima, daiZra mewyeri da Tormeti TuSi Tavisi cxvr-is farianad da cxen-saxedrebianad daitana. tragikulma ambavma elvis siswrafiT Semoiara aRmosavleT saqarTve-los mTa-bari... daRupuli cxvar-mwyemsebis dafleTili

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sxeulis nawilebs alaznis napirebze eZebdnen... yvelafe-ri erTianad areuliyo qva-RorRisa da talaxis uzarma-zar masaSi... es Semzaravi tragedia mecxramete saukunis bolos datrialda. bunebrivia, aseTi glovis Jams araerTi mosagonari leqsi da xmiTnatirali Seiqmneboda, Cvenamde ki orma nimuSma moaRwia: erTia zemoxsenebuli balada da meore elegiuri xasiaTis leqsi “gagnisa gorsa Sexvivna”...

gansaxilveli balada mraval variantadaa gavrcelebu-li da dabeWdilia sxvadasxva dros gamocemuli xalxuri poeziis krebulebSi, Setanilia akademiur gamocemaSic. pirveli Canaweri Tedo razikaSvils ekuTvnis da Semdeg-nairadaa dasaTaurebuli: “cxvari da mwyemsebi niaRvar-ma waiRo”. teqsts axlavs mokle komentari da sityvebis ganmartebani. aRniSnuli variantis mixedviT cnobilia baladis maTqvamic: `axadeli baxa~. kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad irkveva, rom is iyo baxa SalikaSvili (metsaxelad `WoraT baxa~), mravali leqsisa da kafiis avtori, romelic mecxram-ete saukunis meore naxevarSi da meoce saukunis dasawyisSi cxovrobda fSavis aragvis xeobis sofel axadSi. man didi gulistkiviliT daitira ulmobeli stiqiis msxverplni:

`TuSis cxvar-wyemsis sisxliTa alazan wiTlad disao,

ar dailevi codviTa, wyalo Sen alaznisao!~

barSi Caweril variantebSi zogan araa miTiTebuli av-tor-mTqmelis gvar-saxeli, magram TiTqmis yvelgan aRniS-nulia, rom igi kacis naTqvamia. mxolod erTaderT varian-tSia qali leqsis avtorad gamoyvanili:

`me amis gamleqsebelsa xelSi miWiravs windao,

mival da mivqsov windasa, Tvalebi cremlsa Slisao.

amais gamamleqsebi alvanSi TuSis qalia,

saleqsod gamomigzavneT, TuSebo, TiTo cxvaria,

an TiTo sayur-beWedi, amliavebdes qaria” (qxp me-7: 358).

xalxuri poeziis teqstebSi kargad Caxeduli mkvle-vari da mkiTxveli umal SeamCnevs, rom aq maTqvamis ori

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sxvadasxva teqstia kontaminaciis Sedegad miRebuli, rac xalxuri leqsisTvis Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgens. samwuxarod teqstis Camweri da informatori am publika-ciaSi miTiTebuli ar aris.

mTaSi gavrcelebuli rwmena-warmodgenebis mixedviT zvav-wylisagan daRupuli adamiani “eSmakis miseulobiT” kvdeboda. Aam baladis variantebSic tragedia avsulTa mi-zeziT xdeba. aqve unda movigonoT prozauli gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac daRupuli mwyemsebis – gomewris xe-obeli vefxiaiZeebis saxlTan, sofel dadikurTaSi, saRamo Jams, mglis saxiT movlenilma `myviralma~ (avsulma) Camo-iara da maT saxls avbediTad Sehymuvlao.

sakraluri da sagmiro motivebis kontaminacia

sayeino Tasisa da narTebis vacamongas

funqciebSi

xvTiso mamisimediSviliivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi jvar-xatTa re-ligiur dResaswaulze sakulto ritualis uaRresad mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens sayeino Tasis dadgmis tradicia, romelic fSavis zogierT salocavSi fragmen-tebis saxiT dRemde SemorCa. aTengenobis dResaswaulze sayeino Tass dgamdnen xevsureTis jvar-xatebSic. rogorc wesi, sayeino Tass mxolod kaxeTidan, jvris saxelze Se-wiruli venaxidan motanili RviniT avsebdnen. sayeino Ta-sidan Rvinis Sesmis tradiciam, ra saxiTac is bolo drom-de SemorCa, sanaxaobrivi da erTgvari Sejibrebis saxe mi-iRo, Tumca sakulto ritualis es nawili inarCunebs saR-vTo liturgiis calkeul elementebs.

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jvris karze dabrZanebul sayeino Tasis Tavze droSis wkaruniT jer kultmsaxuri aRavlens sadidebels. dro-SiT xelSi, muxlmoyrili, sayeino Tasidan is pirveli svams wminda sasmels, romelic mfarvel wmindanTa saxelze sa-gangebod aris momzadebuli da nakurTxi. wamodgomis Semdeg xevisberi kvlav awkarunebs Tasis Tavze droSas da saziareblad uxmobs mfarveli wmindanis madidebel yvela srulwlovan mamakacs. Tasis winaSe Sekrebili ymebi morigeobiT mieaxlebian umaRles siwmindes. maT ekrZale-baT sayeino Tasze ara Tu xeliT Sexeba, aramed bagis mi-karebac. isini jer fuls swiraven sayeinos, xolo Semdeg mokrZalebiT, muxlmoyrili mieaxlebian barZims da Tasze bagisSeuxeblad ewafebian masSi Casxmul sasmels.

sayeino TasTan gamarTuli sakulto ritualis es na-wili evqaristiis aRsrulebis elementebs Seicavs. sayei-no Tasis irgvliv ikribebian erTi saidumlo sazogado-ebis wevrebi, erTi salocavis ymebi, Tanasworni mfarveli wmindanis winaSe da morigeobiT eziarebian wminda sasmliT avsebul sayeinos. Tasi sajvarxato ritualis simboloa, radgan saxarebis mixedviT, TasSi aris gasaidumloebuli axali aRTqma macxovris sisxliT, romelic adamianebis-Tvis daiRvara codvebis misateveblad.

radgan aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi Camoyali-bda meomruli sazogadoebebi, sayeino TasiT ziarebis ri-tualSi, iseve rogorc andrezebsa da jvris karze aRvle-nil saferxiso simRerebSi mniSvnelovani adgili daikava sagmiro motivebma. sayeino TasTan kultmsaxuri dailo-ceboda da warmoTqvamda laSaris jvris `piroflianTa~ Sesandobars.

sagmiro motivebiT aris gamdidrebuli osur folk-lorSi narTebis sakraluri Tasis vacamongas funqciebi. vacamongas heroikuli elementebiT aRWurva ganpirobe-buli unda iyos narTebis eposis ideologiiT. narTuli qadagebi ganekuTvneba sagmiro eposis Janrs da teqsti miznad isaxavs mTavar moqmed pirTa sagmiro istoriebis gadmocemas. Tumca, SesaZloa, vacamongas Tavdapirveli funqcia mxolod sakraluri da sakulto gamoyeneba yofiliyo.

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narTebis did saganZurSi erT-erT Zvirfas ganZad mi-aCndaT vacamonga, romelic narTebis sami gvaridan erT-erTTan, kerZod, alagaTebTan inaxeboda. amitom vacamon-gas sakulto daniSnuleba eWvs ar iwvevs, radgan alagaTebi, romlebic ganTqmuli iyvnen TavianTi WkuiTa da gonebiT, narTebis sam gvarSi inawilebdnen kultmsaxurTa funqci-ebs. alagaTebis did xaZarSi, sazeimo sufrebze, narTebs vacamonga sagangebod gamohqondaT.

osuri eposis mixedviT, narTebis vacamongas miewere-ba saswaulmoqmedi Tvisebebi, saxeldobr, sasmliT savse Tasi xelis moukideblad, TavisTavad aiweoda da mTxro-belis pirTan Cerdeboda. wminda TasTan ziarebis dastu-ri narTebs gmirobis gamovlenisa da simarTlis aRiarebis niSnad eZleodaT. xolo Tu mTxrobeli tyuoda, vacamon-ga adgilidanac ar daiZvroda. amiT Tasi saSualebas aZlevda narTebs gaerCiaT namdvili gmirebi. vacamonga, iseve rogorc graalis Tasi, Tavis rCeuls elodeboda.

rogorc sayeinos, ise vacamongas hqonda sakraluri statusi da ritualuri daniSnuleba. mas eziarebod-nen mxolod Rirsebi, romlebsac, rCeulobis miuxedavad, ekrZalebodaT Tasze xelis mokideba da amitom isinic xe-lismoukideblad svamdnen WurWlidan sasmels. vacamon-gasTan rCeulebi TavianT sagmiro ambebs aRiarebdnen. sayeino TasTan jer xucesi aRavlenda locvas, Semdeg – ymebi. orive SemTxvevaSi, ritualuri ziarebis dros, sa-zogadoebis Tvalwin xdeboda saswauli. sayeino Tasze, andrezis mixedviT, mtredis aRiT mfarveli wmindani mo-dioda, xolo vacamonga xelisSeuxeblad maRla aiweoda da gaCerdeboda im gmirTan, romelic, Cadenili gmirobis dasturad, Tasidan sasmlis Sesmis Rirsi gaxdeboda.

analogiuri motivi dasturdeba artur mefis cik-lis TqmulebebSi, romlebic mogviTxrobs graalis Tas-Tan ziarebis mosapoveblad raindTa swrafvas srul-yofilebisaken.

narTebis vacamongas sakralurobas misi etimologi-ac adasturebs. osur enaSi `vac~ elementi xSirad axlavs

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mfarvel wmindanTa saxelebs: vacila, vac nikola, vacile-bi. rac Seexeba qarTvel mTielTa, kerZod, fSavel-xev-surTa sakulto tradiciaSi Tasis saxelwodebas `saye-ino~, es sityva qarTul enaSi XIII- XIV saukuneebze adre ver gaCndeboda. sayeino aRniSnavs yeinisTvis an yeinobisTvis gankuTvnil Tass. sakraluri ritualebis gaxalxurebas zogjer Tan sdevda araerTi elementis desakralizacia. SeiZleba Tasis saxelwodeba daukavSirda yeinobis ri-tuals, romelic tardeboda kaxeTSi, saidanac fSavlebs dResaswaulisTvis xatSi kuluxi mohqondaT.

sayeino Tass ufro metad sagmiro ambebi ukavSirdeba. andrezis mixedviT, pirveli sayeino Tasi, romelic sa-locavSi daidga, fSavlebisgan mokluli yaenis muzaradi iyo. RaWaurs is afxuSoSi Tavis salocav wminda giorgis-Tvis Seuwiravs. Semdeg is muzaradi, qadagis piriT, laSa-ris jvars mouTxovia: – molaSqre RvTisSvili me var da muzaradi me mekuTvniso. RaWaurs aseve Svidi sayeino Tasi cabaurTis mTavarangelozisTvis Seuweravs.

rogorc Cans, muzaradSi, iseve rogorc samefo gvir-gvinSi, ganivTebuli iyo RvTiuri qarizma. liTonis mu-zarads sayeino Tasad gogolaurTis Tavarmowamis xatSic iyenebdnen. andrezis mixedviT, yartaula gabudayebula, Tavarmowames mdidari yartaula amouwyvetia msaxure-biTa da ojaxiT. xati dahpatronebia mis qonebas. urCi ymis CaCqani ki Tavarmowamis dResaswaulze sayeino Tasad gamohqondaT.

narTebi vacamongas gmirebis gamosavlenad da gmi-robis ganmsazRvrelad iyenebdnen. skviTebSi RviniT savse Tasi, romelic miTis mixedviT zecidan Camovarda, gmi-robisTvis jildod gamoiyeneboda. qarTveli mTielebi sayeino Tass religiur dResaswaulze gmirulad daRu-puli jvris ymebis dasalocad dgamdnen. meomrul sazoga-doebebSi Tasis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba, misi sakulto gamo-yeneba, sagmiro motivebiT Seivso, magram man Tavdapirve-li sakraluri funqcia calkeuli elementebis saxiT mainc SeinarCuna.

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„kdini“ TuSeTSi

mariam bakuriZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

mTvaris kalendriT ianvris mesame kviras TuSebi `kdi-nis kviras“ eZaxian. es kvira maTi rwmeniT, eSmak-kudiane-bis arevis Jamia.

TuSebs garkveuli warmodgena aqvT eSmak-qajebze, ro-gorc isini eZaxdnen, „xibal-kudianebs“. maTi warmodge-niT, isini TvaliT uxilavi arsebebi arian, Tavze joris Cliqis formis „CaCi“ axuravT da is xdis maT uxilavs. eS-makebi, roca unda, maSin gadaiqcevian xilul arsebebad, da ra saxesac unda miiReben.

`xibal-kudianebi“ uxorconi arian, magram, roca xor-cielis saxes miiReben, maT mokvdavTa Tvisebebi aqvT; dartymuli stkivaT, iWrebian da kvdebian kidec.

`xibal-kudianebi“ budoben kldovan adgilebSi, mdi-nareTa sanapiroebTan, gansakuTrebiT CanCqerebsa da qan-CaxebSi. yvela soflis midamoebSi aqvT TavSeyris amoCeme-buli adgilebi da umetesad iq xvdebian xolme adamianebs.

`xibal-kudianebi“ sxvadasxva adgilze martoni dadian da adamianebsac ise eCvenebian, xolo TavianT amoCemebul adgilebSi erTad grovdebian da cekva-TamaSs marTaven, kocons anTeben da iq gavlil kacsac TavisTan epatiJebian.

`kdinis kviridan“ eSmakebi RamRamobiT xmauroben, erTurTs gasZaxian, adamianTa bedze winaswarmetyvele-ben. es xmebi xalxs esmis da amiT im wels ama Tu im adamia-nis Tavs mosalodnel bednierebas Tu ubedurebas winaswar igeben. eSmakeuli xmebi zogjer adamians Tavisi saziano saqmidanac daaxevinebs xolme ukan.

`adamianTa Sorisac hyavT eSmakebs, Tanamdgomni, Ta-namzraxvelni: avsulebi, kudianebi – Tavis arsebaSi bo-roti Zalis matarebelni, maTac SeeZloT gardasaxva da kacisa Tu pirutyvisaTvis zianis moyeneba. aseTad iTvle-

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boda, Tu bavSvs dabadebidanve dahyveboda kudianobis garegnuli niSnebi: kudusunTan xerxemlis bolos kudi-seburi wagrZeleba, kudusunTan patara CaRrmaveba an dax-veuli bewvebi kudusunis Tavze. am niSans Tu pirveli deda SeamCnevda da gaamJRavnebda Tavisi Svilis kudianobas, igi vnebis unars kargavda da saSiSi aRar iyo. TuSeTSi kudi-ani adamiani ufro saSiSad iTvleboda, vidre TviT eSmaki. swamdaT, is adamianebs Wamso.

`xibal-kudianTaves“ mogvarea TebJorika, oRond igi naklebad mavnea da adamianisTvisac – nakleb saSiSi. Tu moaxerxa adamianma misi daWera, msaxuradac iyenebs. Teb-Jorika cdilobs adamiani mZinare awvalos, suls uxuTavs.

`kdinis kviridan“ mTeli ori-sami kviris ganmavlobaSi danavardobdnen eSmak-qajebi soflad. mere ki tovebdnen iqaurobas. Zvelad maT gasastumreblad imarTeboda sa-gangebo rituali.

molaSqre RvTaebaTa Tanmxlebi adamianebi

qeTevan sixaruliZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

miTologiuri warmodgenebiT, samyaroSi mTavari moq-medi pirebi RmerTebi arian. isini gvevlinebian kosmosis Semqmnelebad da misi SenarCunebac mTlianad RvTaebriv Zalebzea damokidebuli. kosmiuri wesrigis dasacavad an sxva mizeziT RmerTebi zogjer erTmaneTsac ebrZvi-an. am Sinaarsis Semcvel siuJetebs safuZvlad udevs da-pirispirebulTa brZolis universaluri modeli. uZveles miTebSi sabrZolo asparezze mxolod RmerTebi da maTTan gaTanabrebuli Zalebi gamodian. dapirispireba zogjer

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xelCarTuli brZoliTac gamoixateba.kavkasielTa miTologiaSi dapirispirebulTa brZolis

modelis sxvadasxva versiaa warmodgenili. rogorc Cans, RvTaebaTa dapirispirebis ambebma droTa ganmavlobaSi garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada. universaluri motive-bis garda, aq gvxvdeba iseTi uCveulo motivi, rogoricaa adamianebis monawileoba RvTaebaTa dapirispirebaSi.

am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa osuri miTologiuri siuJeti „ZnisTvis wasulebi“ (Идущие за снопом), romlis mixedviT, RvTaebebi ebrZvian erTmaneTs erTi kona marc-vleulis xelSi Casagdebad, rac mosavlianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. am brZolaSi aqtiurad monawileoben wminda adamianebi (ufro swored, maTi sulebi) da exmare-bian TavianT RvTaebebs gamarjvebis mopovebaSi.

osuri miTosuri siuJetis personaJebi garkveul msgavsebas amJRavneben aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel-Ta miTologiur personaJTan gaxua megrelaurTan, rome-lic RvTisSvilebma waiyvanes qajaveTis dalaSqvrisas. am personaJTa Sedareba avlens kavkasielTa miTologiur warmodgenebSi originaluri Sreebis arsebobas. saerTod, kavkasiuri miTologiis wiaRSi SesamCnevia adamianis ro-lis gaaqtiureba bunebis ZalTa moqmedebaSi, rac albaT SedarebiT gviandeli movlenaa.