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Food, agriculture, rural life, fisheries in facts2015
The publication provides factual information about Estonian food industry, agriculture, rural life and fisheries. Factual data mainly reflect the situation in 2014. Comparison with earlier years has been based on the period since 2008.
Databases of Statistics Estonia, Ministry of Rural Affairs, Agricultural Registers and Information Board (ARIB), Agricultural Board and other authorities have been used as data sources. Comparison of European Union member states is based on Eurostat statistics.
The publication was compiled in October 2015.
Compiled by Merike Koov Photos: T. Koha, M. Koov, K. Mäe, K. Nurm, K. Press, K. VolmerDesigned by Hele Hanson-PenuPrinted by AS PajoPublished by the Ministry of Rural Affairs of the Republic of Estonia
ISSN 2346–5638 (print)ISSN 2346–5646 (online)
Tallinn 2015
Dear reader!
In this reference book we have assembled statistical data on Estonian food production, agriculture and fisheries – the figures regarded as most important to characterise the areas of activity of the Ministry of Rural Affairs. These figures mostly characterize the situation that had developed in Estonian food production by the year 2015.
We have tried to present the data in a concrete, comprehensive, precise and well visualised manner. The tables and graphs provide an overview of the trends of the last few years. The analysis and interpretation of the presented factual material will be entrusted to the readers.
Some comparison of the member states of the European Union is also included: the size of utilized agricultural area per capita and production of main agricultural products (such as cereals, milk and meat) per capita is graphically illustrated.
We hope that the reference book will provide necessary information and reason for reflection on developments in Estonian food industry, international food trade, agriculture, rural life and fisheries.
Ministry of Rural Affairs
3
General data on Estonia
Location: Northern Europe. Estonia shares a common boundary with the Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation, and a maritime boundary with the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden.
Area: 45 339 km². Estonia has 1521 Baltic Sea islands, of which Saaremaa (2671 km2), Hiiumaa (989 km2) and Muhu (198 km2) are the biggest. There are about 1150 lakes in Estonia, of which Peipsi (3555 km2 with the part belonging to Russia) and Võrtsjärv (271 km2) are the largest. Bogs make up about a quarter and forests roughly one half of Estonia’s mainland.
Size of population: 1 313 271 (as of January 1, 2015); 37% of Estonia’s population lives in rural areas.
Population density: 30 residents per km2 (based on Estonian main land area).
Climate: Estonia lies in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. As Estonia is warmed by maritime air, it has a considerably milder climate than the areas of continental climate located at the same latitude. The average temperature in 2014 was +7.0 °C (normal +5.6 °C), in January –6.4 °C and in July +19.6 °C. Annual precipitation: 591 mm (2014; normal 646 mm).
Total usable agricultural area: 974 820 hectares (2014); covers 21.5% of the territory of the state.
Arable crops growing area: 625 500 hectares (2015; initial data).
Share of agriculture, forest management and fishing in employment: 3.9% (2014).
GDP of all areas of activity in current prices: 19 525.3 million euros (2014). GDP per capita in current prices: 15 186 euros (2014).
Share of agriculture, forest management and fishing in GDP: 3.4% (2014).
Sources: Statistics Estonia, Estonian Weather Service
Contents
General data on Estonia 5
Foreign trade .................................................................. 8
Food industry ............................................................... 15
Agriculture and rural life ................................................ 21
Rural enterprise and employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Agricultural economic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Crop farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Livestock farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Organic farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Agricultural and rural supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fisheries 42
Production of main agricultural products 46in the member states of the European Union
General data on Estonia
5
Structure of Estonian land use in 2014
Relative importance of agriculture, forest management and fisheries and the food sector in the creation of value added in 2008–2014 (%)
Source: Estonian Land Board, Land Cadastre Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
Source: Statistics Estonia
51% Forest land
31% Agricultural land
17% Other land
Agriculture, forest management and fishing
Food production, production of beverages and tobacco products
MilkCerealsBeefPigmeatSheep and goat meatPotatoesEggsPoultrymeatVegetablesFruit and berries
2008
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2012
2012
2013 2014
20142013
0%
0%
20%
40%
1%
0.5%
1.5%
60%
2%
2.5%
80%
3%
3.5%
100%
4%
120%
4.5%
180%
200%
160%
140%
Self-sufficiency level in Estonia in 2008–2014 (%)
2.7 2.7
2.52
3.2
2.1
3.9
2
3.54
22.1
3.4
2.1
General data on EstoniaGeneral data on Estonia
76
Note: CN Chapter 1 – live animals; Chapter 2 – meat and edible meat offal; Chapter 3 – fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates; Chapter 4 – dairy produce; birds’ eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 5 – products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 6 – live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage; Chapter 7 – edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers; Chapter 8 – edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons; Chapter 9 – coffee, tea, maté and spices; Chapter 10 – cereals; Chapter 11 – products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten; Chapter 12 – oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder; Chapter 13 – lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts; Chapter 14 – vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 15 – animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes; Chapter 16 – preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates; Chapter 17 – sugars and sugar confectionery; Chapter 18 – cocoa and cocoa preparations; Chapter 19 – preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks’ products; Chapter 20 – preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants; Chapter 21 – miscellaneous edible preparations; Chapter 22 – beverages, spirits and vinegar; Chapter 23 – residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder; Chapter 24 – tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes.
Source: Statistics Estonia
Foreign trade in agricultural and food products (Combined Nomenclature, Chapters 1–24) in 2008–2014 (million euros)
Structure of export of agricultural and food products (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014
Import
Export
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
200
400
600
800
1000
1600
1400
1200
Foreign trade
17% Beverages and alcohol
17% Dairy produce
13% Fish
8% Miscellaneous edible preparations
7% Cereals
6% Preparations of cereals, flour
6% Preparations of meat and fish
4% Meat and edible meat offal
4% Animal or vegetable fats and oils
3% Live animals
2% Oil seeds and fruits
13% Other
Source: Statistics Estonia
1130
777
9391023
660
1264
833
1376
1008
1507 1478
11901248 1221
Major partner countries in agricultural and food products export (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014
18% Finland
16% Latvia
16% Russia
14% Lithuania
6% Sweden
5% Germany
3% Netherlands
3% Denmark
2% Poland
2% Saudi Arabia
15% Other countries
Source: Statistics Estonia
Foreign tradeForeign trade
98
Structure of import of agricultural and food products (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014
Major partner countries in agricultural and food products import (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014
22% Beverages and alcohol
9% Fish
8% Miscellaneous edible preparations
6% Meat and edible meat offal
6% Edible fruit, berries
6% Prepared animal fodder
5% Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk
5% Dairy produce
4% Preparations of vegetables, fruit
4% Coffee, tea, maté and spices
4% Cocoa and cocoa preparations
3% Vegetables
18% Other
15% Latvia
13% Lithuania
11% Finland
8% Poland
8% Germany
8% Netherlands
7% Great Britain
5% Sweden
4% Denmark
4% France
17% Other countries
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia
Food industry export (million euros) and its share in processing industry export (%) in 2008–2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140 0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
100
200
300
500
400
600
mill
ion
euro
s
Food industry export, million euros
Share in processing industry export, %
8.2
325.
9
286.
2
349.
6
381.
3
411
470
527
9.9
8.2
6.67.4
8.1
6.8
Foreign tradeForeign trade
11
Milk and milk products export volume (thousand tons) and monetary value (million euros) in 2008–2014
Structure of milk and milk products export (% of total monetary value) in 2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia Source: Statistics Estonia
55% Milk and cream
29% Cheese and curds
6% Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt, kephir
5% Whey and other products from milk components
5% Butter or other butterfats, dairy spreads
Fish and fish products export volume (thousand tons) and monetary value (million euros) in 2008–2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
0 100 200 300
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014Net weight, thousand tons
Value, million euros
271.4
282.2192.8
224.4
160.3157.2
138.5140.7
62.991.9
111127
158.2
197.6
Structure of milk and milk products export (% of total volume) in 2014
82% Milk and cream
8% Whey and other products from milk components
6% Cheese and curds
3% Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt, kephir
1% Butter or other butterfats, dairy spreads
0 50 100 200150 250
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Net weight, thousand tons
Value, million euros
112.2
182104.5
192.2
121.6190.5
119.2153.6
131.2136.3
120.598.1
123.699.8
Foreign tradeForeign trade
1312
Structure of fish and fish products export (% of total volume) in 2014
Total production of food industry in current prices (million euros) and its share in processing industry (%) in 2008–2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
Structure of fish and fish products export (% of total monetary value) in 2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
Note: * initial data of 2014. Source: Statistics Estonia
Food industry
Food industry
64% Frozen fish, except fish fillet
20% Fish products and preserves, caviar and caviar substitutes
6% Fish fillet and other fish meat (incl. minced fish meat)
4% Crustaceans, live and processed
3% Dried, salted or brined fish, smoked fish
2% Fish, fresh or chilled, except fish fillets
1% Other fish products
37% Frozen fish, except fish fillet
20% Fish fillet and other fish meat (incl. minced fish meat)
14% Fish products and preserves, caviar and caviar substitutes
14% Dried, salted or brined fish, smoked fish
8% Crustaceans, live and processed
4% Preparations of crustaceans
3% Other fish products
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
200
400
600
800
1000
1400
1600
1200mill
ion
euro
s
Total production, million euros
Share in processing industry, %
16.7
1257
1093
1115
1251
1302
1454
1488
20
15.8
13.8 13.9 14.715.9
Cost structure of food and beverage industry in 2008–2014 (million euros)
Note: * initial data of 2014. Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600 Other productsPrepared animal fodderFruit and vegetablesBakery and pasta productsFish and fish productsBeveragesMeat and meat productsMilk products
311.
623
6.5
202.
2
257.
521
7.2
180
296.
421
1.6
158.
9
331.
422
3.4
167.
4
320.
5
342.
6
339.
2
227.
3
231.
5
263.
2180.
9
189.
3
202.
9
Foreign trade
1514
Production of milk products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)
Note: * initial data of 2014; ** butter and other yellow fat dairy products (in 82% butter equivalent). Source: Statistics Estonia
Production of milk products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)
Note: * initial data of 2014. Source: Statistics Estonia
Food industry
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Drinking milk 81.9 88.7 93.9 89.3 85.6 87.6 90.7
Cheese and curds 35.7 37.1 38.4 40.6 42.6 43.8 40.5
Fermented milk 35.5 37.5 42.3 41.9 39.1 38.8 37.3
Cream 26.9 27.9 32.6 27.5 26.9 31.7 26.7
Butter** 7 7.7 6 6.5 4 3.5 4.5
Whey powder 0 0 4.1 0 0 0 5.5
Total 187.0 198.9 217.3 205.8 198.2 205.4 205.2
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0
250
200
150
100
50
Butter
Cream
Fermented milk
Cheese and curds
Drinking milk
Structure of meat production (% of slaughter weight) by meat categories in 2014
60% Pigmeat
24% Poultrymeat
15% Beef
1% Sheep, goat, rabbit and nutria meat
Source: Statistics Estonia
Food industry
Production of meat products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)
Note: * initial data of 2014; ** data not available. Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Total production of meat (slaughter weight) 74.6 76 75.4 80.6 78.4 79.8 80.7
Meat production 45 44.9 45.5 43.1 ** ** **
Sausage products 33.6 35.5 36.7 36.5 34.5 33.5 31.9
Thermally untreated natural prepared meat products
32.9 33 32.9 34.5 29.5 31.6 **
Thermally treated meat products 9.6 6.7 7.6 8.4 8.1 8.9 **
Smoked meat products, dried and salted meat products
9 9.6 9.9 10.3 9.6 9.9 **
Dumplings ** 5.6 3.5 5.9 3.8 3.5 **
Patê 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 **
Meat preserves ** 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 **
1716
Production of cereal products in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)
Source: Statistics Estonia
Note: * initial data of 2014; ** data not available. Source: Statistics Estonia
Production of cereal products in 2007–2013 (thousand tons)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Compound fodder 229.5 201.3 204.5 216.2 198.8 161.9 **
Flour 73.5 74.4 78.7 81.2 89.4 88.4 92
Bakery products 77.3 74.1 75.5 77 77.7 79.2 80.8
Flour confectionery 8.7 7.1 8.4 9.5 8.1 8.7 **
Products of milling industry 2.8 3.2 7.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
Compound fodder
Flour
Bakery products
Flour confectionery
Products of milling industry
Production of fish processing industry in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)
Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fish products (except preserves), incl. 60 73.3 62.1 56.8 72.4 67.2
fresh and chilled fish meat, fillet, minced fish meat
3.3 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.6 3.2
frozen fish 30.3 34.6 35.5 32.8 44 40.4
smoked fish 3.8 3.2 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.3
salted, spiced and dried fish, deep-frozen and breaded fish
20.8 25.1 19.8 16.5 17.3 14.4
culinary fish products in oil, marinated, dressed
1.5 1.7 1,5 1.3 4.7 4.3
Fish preserves 7.1 3.7 5.1 3.8 3.7 3.3
Production of fish processing industry in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)
Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Smoked fish Fresh and chilled fish meat, fillet, minced fish meatFish preservesCulinary fish products in oil, marinated, dressed Salted, spiced and dried fish, deep-frozen and breaded fishFrozen fish
Food industry Food industry
19
Organic products processing volumes in 2008–2014 (tons)
Source: Organic Farming Register
Processing volumes of main organic products in 2008–2014 (tons)
Source: Organic Farming Register
2008 2009 2010 2011 201420132012
800
900
1000
700
600
500
400
300
200100
0
Cereal and legume products
Meat, meat products
Fruit and vegetable, potato, berry and mushroom products
Oils
Fish products
Milk products
Food group 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Milk products 245.9 220.6 145 151.8 149.4 156.5 203.3
Meat, meat products 23.3 53.3 177 102.7 171.5 168.0 554.8
Cereal and legume products 279.5 660.8 370 617 702.4 678.6 919.4
Bakery and pasta products 62 70.4 96 114.3 112.1 144.2 155.8
Herbal teas, herbs, spices 3.5 4.4 3.2 5.4 3.1 3.7 4.0
Fruit and vegetable, potato, berry and mushroom products
58.6 135.9 162.1 269 225 313.9 486.8
Oils 2.3 6.9 8 72.7 341.7
Fish products 11.3 30.9 156.1 260.2
Beverages (thousand litres) 182.5 106.1 281.4
Other products (hemp flour, coffee, yeast, soy products, honey with added ingredients, prepared foods)
0.3 6.0 42.0 45.3 63.4
Number of enterprises included in statistical profile and the relative importance of rural enterprises (%) in 2008–2014
Agriculture and rural lifeRural enterprise and employment
Note: Rural enterprises are enterprises that are active in rural areas. Rural area comprises rural municipalities (excl. municipalities around the capital city Tallinn), cities without municipal status and small cities with a population of up to 4000 inhabitants.Sources: Statistics Estonia, Ministry of Rural Affairs
Agriculture and rural life
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000 40%
35%30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Enterprises in EstoniaRural enterprises
Share of rural enterprises, %
2727 29 28 28 28 28
77 9
4821
279
81 9
0921
931
100
216
28 6
50
103
833
29 3
11
108
884
30 2
20
112
760
113
765
31 6
21
32 1
35
Food industry
2120
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Labour force, thousand 205.4 200.8 201.8 208.6 200.6 200.3 202.6
employed, thousand 193.9 175.7 171.2 185.2 182.7 186.9 189.6
unemployed, thousand 11.5 25.1 30.6 23.4 17.9 13.4 13
Aged 15–74 (total), thousand 325.0 326.0 325.3 324.0 315.7 313.2 311.1
Labour force participation rate, % 63.2 61.6 62.0 64.4 63.5 64.0 65.1
Employment rate, % 59.7 53.9 52.6 57.2 57.9 59.7 60.9
Unemployment rate, % 5.6 12.5 15.2 11.2 8.9 6.7 6.4
Employment in rural settlements in 2008–2014
Notes: Rural settlements – small towns and villages.Employed is a person who during the reference period worked and was paid as a wage earner, entrepreneur or a free-lancer; worked without direct payment in a family enterprise or on his / her own farm; was temporarily absent from work. Employment rate is the share of the employed in the working-age (aged 15–74) population. Labour force participation rate (activity rate) – the share of labour force in the working-age population.Unemployment rate is the share of unemployed persons in labour force.Source: Statistics Estonia
Employment and unemployment in rural settlements in 2008–2014 (%)
Source: Statistics Estonia
Agriculture and rural life
20092008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
160165170175
180185
190
195
200
thou
sand
155 0%
10%
20%
40%
30%
50%
60%
70%
Employed, thousand Employment rate, %
Unemployment rate, %
60
613 15
11 9 7 6
54 5357 58 60 61
185
183 18
7
190
171
176
194
Notes: Primary sector – agriculture, hunting, forest management, fisheries.Secondary sector – mining industry, processing industry, electric power, gas and water supply, construction.Tertiary sector – trade, service, etc.Source: Statistics Estonia
Structure of employment by sectors of the economy in rural settlements in 2008–2014 (thousand employed)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%70%
80%
90%
100%
Tertiary sector
Secondary sector
Primary sector
107
6621
103
5418
9953
19
105
5822
104
5821
107
111
58 59
21 20
Agriculture and rural life
2322
Share of agriculture in value added and employment in 2008–2014
Structure of the value of agricultural production in 2008–2014 (%)
Agricultural economic indicators
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Value added in agriculture, forest management and fishing in current prices (million euros)
405 300 413 567 627 584 599
share in value added (%) 2.8 2.4 3.3 4 4.1 3.5 3.4
Employed in agriculture, forest management and fishing (thousand)
25.5 24 23.9 26.6 27.6 26.5 24.1
share in employment (%) 3.9 4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 3.9
Employed in agriculture and hunting (thousand)
17.3 17.4 17.2 19.3 19.3 17.7 16.2
share in employment (%) 2.6 2.9 3 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.6
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%
10%20%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100% Other agricultural productionPoultryFruit and vegetablesPotatoBovine animals Oil seedFodder cropsPigsCerealsMilk
3115
1310
7
2616
1410
8
2918
117
9
2917
129
9
25 30 31
26 18 22
11 11 11
10 9 9
10 8 8
Agricultural holdings and their agricultural land use by different size groups of agricultural land in 2010 and 2013 (%)
Structure of agricultural land in 2013 by size of agricultural holding (thousand hectares)
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
< 10 ha 10 – < 100 ha 100 – < 500 ha 500 – < 1000 ha
Holdings, %
≥ 1000 ha
2013 2013 2013 2013 20130%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Agricultural land, %
38
7 8
1 1 1 1
37
54 53
5 5
22 22
31 32
18 17
24 25
5%
22%
32%
17%
24%
< 10 ha
10 – < 100 ha
100 – < 500 ha
500 – < 1000 ha
≥ 1000 ha
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
2524
Crop farming
Agricultural land use in 2008–2014 (hectares)
Notes: Usable agricultural area includes the land used in agricultural production and maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition. The figure of total usable agricultural land for 2013 also includes Christmas tree plantations.Arable land includes the growing area of crops grown in fruit and vegetable gardens (kitchen gardens).Fruit and berry garden area includes the growing area of fruit trees and berries grown in fruit and vegetable gardens (kitchen gardens) and nurseries, the growing area of strawberry has been included in arable land.Since 2003, permanent grassland over five years old, established on cultivated area, has been included in natural grassland.Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total usable agricultural area
914 729 906 458 931 776 948 826 945 992 955 916 965 907
Arable land 599 349 597 791 596 413 645 067 632 399 620 483 632 100
Fruit and berry gardens 8 285 7 941 8 108 7 057 6 995 6 808 6 266
Natural (permanent) grassland
215 704 196 549 195 381 187 262 162 812 191 529 218 605
Land not used in agricultural production, maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition
91 391 104 177 131 874 109 440 143 786 137 096 108 421
Structure of agricultural land use in 2008–2014 (thousand hectares)
Structure of arable crops growing area in 2015
Source: Statistics Estonia
Note: initial data. Source: Statistics Estonia
56% Cereals
26% Fodder crops
12% Industrial crops
5% Legumes
1% Potato
0.5% Open ground vegetables
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201420130
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 Fruit and berry gardensLand not used in agricultural production, maintained in good agricultural and environmental conditionNatural (permanent) grasslandArable land
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
2726
Structure of cereals growing area in 2015
Note: initial data. Source: Statistics Estonia
Note: * initial data of 2015. Source: Statistics Estonia
Growing area of main cereals in 2008–2015 (thousand hectares)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015*2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
48% Wheat
38% Barley
7% Oats
4% Rye
1% Mixed cereals
2% Other
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Rye
Production of main crop products in 2012–2014
Crop
2012
2013
2014
grow
ing
area
harv
est
(thou
sand
to
ns)
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
grow
ing
area
(thou
sand
he
ctar
es)
harv
est
(thou
sand
to
ns)
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
grow
ing
area
(thou
sand
he
ctar
es)
harv
est
(thou
sand
to
ns)
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Tota
l cer
eals
, in
cl.
290.
599
1.2
3 41
231
1.0
975.
53
136
332.
912
21.6
3 66
9
rye
16.9
57.1
3 38
111
.521
.91
906
15.4
49.6
3 21
1
wint
er
whea
t63
.529
6.2
4 66
244
.913
7.8
3 07
381
347.
84
295
sprin
g wh
eat
60.8
188.
53
102
79.3
269.
03
392
73.4
267.
73
648
oats
31.7
78.4
2 47
134
.885
.32
453
27.3
652
384
barle
y10
9.0
341.
23
131
133.
044
0.9
3 31
412
5.8
458.
13
641
Legu
mes
11.0
12.9
1 17
913
.631
.42
315
19.1
39.5
2 07
0
Rape
87.2
157.
81
811
86.1
174.
02
021
8016
6.2
2 07
8
Pota
to7.
613
8.9
18 2
176.
612
7.7
19 2
456.
411
7.3
18 4
72
Open
gro
und
vege
tabl
es2.
953
.818
389
2.8
67.4
23 9
512.
955
.519
188
Fodd
er c
rops
168.
926
01.3
15 5
0116
8.9
2246
.213
483
166.
122
02.9
13 2
62
Tota
l ara
ble
crop
s56
8.8
590.
2
60
8.4
Source: Statistics Estonia
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
2928
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia
Yield of main cereals in 2008–2014 (kg/ha)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
2000
1500
1000
500
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000 Winter wheat
Spring wheat
Spring barley
Winter barley
Rye
Oats
Production of crop products per capita in 2008–2014 (kg)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
100200300
400500600
1000
800
900
700 Cereals
Potato
Vegetables
Production of animal products in 2008–2014
Number of animals as of 31 December in 2008–2014 (thousand)
Livestock farming
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Meat (live weight), thousand tons 111.3 113.2 111.7 118.5 115.5 117.1 118.5
Meat (slaughter weight), thousand tons
74.6 76 75.4 80.6 78.4 79.8 80.7
Milk, thousand tons 694.2 671 676 693 721.2 772 805.2
Eggs, million pcs 146.5 173.3 181.9 183.8 179.5 189.9 199.4
Wool, tons 151.1 134 154.2 125.7 138 166.8 134.3
Honey, tons 501 575 681.5 693.8 957 978.7 1154.8
Source: Statistics Estonia
Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
50
100
150
200
250
350
300
400
Pigs
Bovine animals
Dairy cows
Sheep and goats
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
3130
Main milk production indicators in 2008–2014
Source: Statistics Estonia
Purchase of milk in 2008–2014
Note: cow’s milk purchased from Estonian agricultural producers. Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
100200300
400500600700800900 9000
010002000
300040005000
600070008000
Milk production, thousand tons
Number of dairy cows, thousand
Average milk production per cow, kg
thou
sand
cows
, tho
usan
d to
ns
kg p
er co
w
6781
694
100 67
197
671
97
693
96
721
97
772
98
805
96
6838 7021 7168 7526 7990 8233
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Milk in natural weight, thousand tons, incl.
605.9 612.3 621.1 642.3 649.1 688.8 730
milk of elite grade, thousand tons
318.6 326.3 379.9 387.8 407.3 454.8 542.1
milk of high grade, thousand tons
265.3 275.2 227.2 245.6 228 221.6 181.9
milk of the first grade, thousand tons
19.6 8.8 12 6.8 11.9 10.9 4.9
Fat content, % 4 4.1 4.1 4 4 4 4
Protein content, % 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
Average price per ton, euros 296.42 210.08 277.13 322.73 299.97 338.11 327.98
Quality indicators of purchased milk in 2008–2014
Note: cow’s milk purchased from Estonian agricultural producers. Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201420130
200
100
300
400
600
500
700
800
Milk of the first grade, thousand tonsMilk of high grade, thousand tonsMilk of elite grade, thousand tons
Division of dairy cow owners by size groups in 2008–2014
Source: ARIB Register of Farm Animals
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
90%
80%
100%
300 or more cows
100–299 cows
50–99 cows
10–49 cows
3–9 cows
1–2 cows
6716
11
6517
11
6317
12
6018
13
58 56 55
19 19 18
13 14 14
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
3332
Source: ARIB Register of Farm Animals
Division of the total number of dairy cows by size groups in 2008–2014
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
90%
80%
100%
1–2 cows
3–9 cows
10–49 cows
50–99 cows
100–299 cows
300 or more cows
24 24 21 22 21 20 21
49 50 54 55 58 61 61
Live weight of slaughter animals and poultry in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)
Note: animals and poultry sold for slaughter and slaughtered in holdings (incl. slaughtering service).Source: Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Sheep and goat meat
Bovine animals
Poultrymeat
Pigs
0
20
40
60
100
80
120
140
64.3
18.2
27
64.1
20.5
26.8
63.7
24.4
22.1
69.9
2324
.2
67.9
68.8
67.7
23.2
21.7
26.8
22.8 25
22.5
Meat production in 2008–2014 (slaughter weight, thousand tons)
Source: Statistics Estonia
Sheep and goat meat
Beef
Poultrymeat
Pigmeat
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
10
30
20
40
50
60
70
80
90
Source: Statistics Estonia
Egg production in agricultural holdings in 2008–2014
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
200
250
mill
ion
pcs
pcs
per h
en
295
280
300
270
260
250
240
230
150
100
50
0
Egg production, million pcs
Average egg production per hen, pcs
146.
5
173.
3
181.
9
183.
8
179.
5
189.
9
199.
4
290
281 283288
279
291288
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
3534
Production of animal products per capita in 2008–2014
Milk, kg
Eggs, pcs
Meat, kg
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
600
700
500
400
300
200
100
Source: Statistics Estonia
Area of organic land, incl. land in conversion (thousand hectares), and the number of organic producers (holdings) in 2008–2014
Source: Organic Farming Register
Organic farming
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
160
180
1600
1800
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Organic land, thousand hectares
Number of organic producers
thou
sand
ha
num
ber o
f pro
duce
rs
87.3
102.
8
121.
8
134.
1
144.
1
153.
4
158.
1
1245 12781356
1431 1478 1553 1542
Use of organic land, incl. land in conversion, in 2014
Source: Organic Farming Register
55% Permanent and natural grasslands
19% Grasslands (up to 5 years)
18% Cereals
3% Industrial crops
2% Legumes
1% Fruit and berry gardens
2% Other
Number of organic animals, incl. animals in conversion, in 2011–2014
Source: Organic Farming Register
2011 2012 2013 2014
Bovine animals, incl. 28 701 31 431 35 582 37 491
dairy cows 3 255 2 937 2 609 2 138
beef animals’ suckler cows 7 734 9 532 10 882 12 217
Sheep 46 496 48 314 47 566 50 545
Goats 940 1 108 1 245 1 431
Horses 1 987 2 068 2 136 2 121
Pigs 1 327 1 139 890 1 475
Poultry, incl. 12 864 30 648 28 582 42 107
laying hens 7 759 9 051 16 820 16 476
Rabbits 1 208 436 1 524 2 180
Bees (number of colonies) 632 864 1 510 1 737
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
3736
Agricultural and rural supports
Supports for agricultural producers, processors and for the development of rural life in 2008–2015 (million euros)
Notes: 2008–2014 paid as of December 31 of the corresponding year; * planned to the budget of 2015.Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP) Pillar 1 includes direct support and market organisation measures.CAP Pillar 2 includes supports for development of Estonian agriculture and rural life according to the Rural Development Plan.State support includes substitute support, agricultural insurance support, training support, market development support etc. Tax concessions – the excise tax exemption is meant for agricultural producers using diesel fuel marked with fiscal marker in the machinery used in the agricultural production process. The amount of the excise tax exemption for agriculture is based on expert valuation and is calculated taking into account the utilized agricultural area and the difference between the normal excise tax rate and the reduced rate. The tax concessions of 2015 are initially planned the same as of 2014.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
State supports
Tax concessions
CAP Pillar 2
CAP Pillar 1
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
102.
53.
9
93.1
3.4
111.
93.
7
120.
53.
1
138.
23.
6
137.
2
112.
4
141.
7
4.4
4.2
4.1
104.
624
.9
112.
926
.3
125.
624
.5
152.
124
.8
166.
922
.4
130
23.5
145.
2
124.
9
24.9
24.9
Direct payments and complementary direct payments / transitional national aid in 2008–2015 (million euros)
Note: * planned to the budget of 2015.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
EU budget
Estonian budget
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015*20130
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
49.9
51
28.7
61
34.5
72
35.8
81
28.7
91
30.7
110
114
101
Execution of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2007–2013 funds as of September 30, 2015
Notes: Axis 1 – improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sectors;Axis 2 – improving the environment and the countryside;Axis 3 – quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy;Axis 4 – LEADER;Axis 5 – technical assistance.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 Axis 50
50
100
150200250300
350400
0%
20%
40%
80%
60%
100%m
illion
eur
os
Commitment, million euros
Paid, million euros
Execution rate (%) by payments
380.
434
3.7
347.
434
2.1
139.
511
5.2
92.7
84.7
47.8
38
97.4 100 98.9 99.7 99.8
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
3938
PriorityPublic sector
Total public sector, euros
EAFRD co- financing rate, %
EAFRD total amount, euros
Priority 2: Enhancing the viability / competitiveness of farms and all types of agriculture in all regions, and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable forest management.
283 524 000 82.3 233 284 000
Priority 3: Promoting food chain organisation (including processing and marketing of agricultural products), animal welfare and risk management in agriculture
105 025 000 87.7 92 073 950
Priority 4: Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry
365 563 000 78.5 287 001 500
Priority 5: Promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift toward a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors
23 780 000 86.2 20 489 000
Priority 6: Promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas
176 000 000 92.3 162 410 000
Technical assistance 38 913 513 72.2 28 083 108
Total 992 805 513 82.9 823 341 558
Financial plan of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 by priorities
Note: EAFRD – European Agricultural Fund for Rural DevelopmentSource: Ministry of Rural Affairs
Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
Execution of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 funds as of September 30, 2015
Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority 5 Priority 6 Technical assistance
05
101520253035
0%
2%
4%
8%
10%
6%
Commitment, million euros
Paid, million euros
Execution rate (%) by payments
27.7
4.5
0.3
4.7
29.3
28.6
28.7
7.7 3.69.7
4.3
7.8
4.4
9.1
0 0
MeasurePublic sector
Total public sector, euros
EAFRD co- financing rate, %
EAFRD total amount, euros
M01 – Knowledge transfer and information actions 12 000 000 89.0% 10 680 000
M02 – Advisory services, farm management and farm relief services 8 600 000 85.9% 7 385 000
M03 – Quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs 1 000 000 84.0% 840 000
M04 – Investments in physical assets 289 500 000 84.5% 244 755 000
M06 – Farm and business development 122 124 000 85.4% 104 249 000
M08 – Investments in forest area development and improvement of the viability of forests
10 000 000 86.5% 8 650 000
M09 – Setting-up of producer groups and organisations 6 000 000 89.0% 5 340 000
M10 – Agri-environment-climate 244 927 000 79.4% 194 378 500
M11 – Organic farming 77 700 000 76.4% 59 400 000
M12 – Natura 2000 and Water Framework Directive payments 32 666 000 75.0% 24 499 500
M14 – Animal welfare 40 675 000 92.0% 37 438 450
M16 – Co-operation 18 700 000 89.0% 16 643 000
M19 – Support for LEADER local development (CLLD – community-led local development)
90 000 000 90.0% 81 000 000
M20 – Technical assistance 38 913 513 72.2% 28 083 108
Total 992 805 513 82.9% 823 341 558
Financial plan of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 by measures
Note: EAFRD – European Agricultural Fund for Rural DevelopmentSource: Ministry of Rural Affairs
Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life
40
Commercial fishing in 2008–2014 (live weight, thousand tons)
Structure of commercial fishing (% of the total volume) in 2014
Fisheries
Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
65% Deep-sea trawling
16% Ocean fishing
15% Baltic coastal fishing
4% Inland fishing
Fisheries
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
20
40
60
80
100
120
Inland fishing
Baltic coastal fishing
Deepsea trawling
Ocean fishing
14.6
10.9
12.8
14.6
12 12 10.9
70.9
2.7
69.5
2.8
68.3
2.8
532.
6
43.5
44.9
44.4
3 2.9
2.8
Baltic Sea commercial trawling by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014
Commercial coastal fishing by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014
Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
64% Sprat
35% Baltic herring
1% Others
74% Baltic herring
15% Perch
2% Smelt
2% Flounder
2% Pike-perch
1% Roach
4% Others
Fisheries
4342
Commercial fishing on inland waters by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014
Annual aquaculture sales volumes in 2008–2014 (tons)
Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rainbow trout 333.8 549.0 487.5 333.8 455.3 465.5 572.7
Carp 52.3 45.4 39.4 37.5 38.2 43.7 *
European eel 46.0 30.0 20.3 2.0 * * 127.0
Crayfish 0.7 2.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.2
Other fish species 50.8 26.1 49.6 17.9 86.8 223.4 168.1
Total fish 483.7 654.8 598.5 392.6 580.8 733.2 868.1
Caviar 6.7 7.4 4.5 0.1 4.1 5.0 3.1
Note: * included in the category “Other fish species”.Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
30% Bream
28% Perch
23% Pike-perch
8% Roach
6% Northern pike
1% River lamprey
1% Burbot
1% Vendace
2% Others
Sales of aquaculture products in 2008–2014 (tons)
Implementation of the European Fisheries Fund 2007–2013 as of December 31, 2014 (million euros)
Note: in 2014 carp is included in the category “Other fish species”.Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia
Notes: Axis 1 – adjustment of Community fishing fleet;Axis 2 – aquaculture, inland fishing, processing and marketing;Axis 3 – measures of common interest;Axis 4 – sustainable development of fisheries areas;Axis 5 – technical assistance.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
200
100
300
400
500
700
600
800
900
Rainbow trout
Carp
Other fish species
Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 Axis 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Budget Commitment Paid
20.4
20.1
17.5
32.8
37.6
21.5
28.3
30.9
24.3
25.7
26.3
22.3
5.6
6.5
4.4
Fisheries Fisheries
45
Utilised agricultural area per capita in EU member states in 2014 (hectares)
0 0.2 0.60.4 0.8 1
Romania
Bulgaria
Hungary
Spain
Denmark
France
Finland
Poland
Greece
Portugal
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Austria
Sweden
Croatia
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Slovenia
Germany
Cyprus
Belgium
Netherlands
Malta
Italy*
Estonia
Latvia
Ireland
Lithuania
Notes: population as of January 1, 2014; * data not available.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations
Production of main agricultural products in the member states of the European Union
Production of cereals per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)
0 5000 1000 1500 2000
Romania
Latvia
France
Estonia
Slovakia
Poland
Czech Republic
Finland
Croatia
Austria
Germany
Sweden
Ireland
Spain
Greece
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Luxembourg
Italy
Belgium
Portugal
Netherlands
Cyprus
Malta
Bulgaria
Hungary
Denmark
Lithuania
Notes: production of cereals reflects harvested production (excluding losses incurred in harvesting). Cereals include: wheat, barley, maize, other cereals.Population as of January 1, 2014.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations
Production of main agricultural products in EU Production of main agricultural products in EU
4746
Production of milk per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)
0 200 800400 600 12001000 1400
Estonia
Lithuania
Finland
Latvia
Germany
France
Austria
Belgium
Sweden
Poland
Slovenia
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Portugal
Italy
Slovakia
Hungary
Spain
Malta
Bulgaria
Greece
Romania
Croatia*
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Denmark
Ireland
Notes: population as of January 1, 2014; * data not available.Data covers cow’s milk collected in farms by approved dairies.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations
Production of meat per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)
0 35030025020015010050
Poland
Netherlands
Germany
Austria
Cyprus
Hungary
France
Portugal
Finland
Lithuania
United Kingdom
Estonia
Italy
Slovenia
Sweden
Czech Republic
Croatia
Greece
Luxembourg
Latvia
Romania
Malta
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Spain
Belgium
Ireland
Denmark
Notes: carcass weight of bovine animals, sheep and goats, pigs and poultry slaughtered in slaughterhouses and on the farm, whose meat is declared fit for human consumption.Population as of January 1, 2014.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations
Production of main agricultural products in EU Production of main agricultural products in EU
4948
Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information BoardTähe 4, 51010 Tartu, Estonia+372 737 [email protected]
Veterinary and Food BoardVäike-Paala 3 11415 Tallinn, Estonia+372 605 [email protected]
Agricultural BoardTeaduse 2, Saku 75501 Harjumaa, Estonia+372 671 [email protected]
Estonian Agricultural Research CentreTeaduse 4/6, Saku 75501 Harjumaa, Estonia+372 672 [email protected]://pmk.agri.ee
Estonian Veterinary and Food LaboratoryKreutzwaldi 30 51006 Tartu, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]
Rural Economy Research CentreJäneda 73602 Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia+372 384 [email protected]
Estonian Crop Research InstituteJ. Aamisepa 1 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia+372 776 [email protected]
Estonian Museum of AgriculturePargi 4, Ülenurme vald 61714 Tartumaa, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]://epm.ee
Estonian Dairy MuseumH. Rebase 1, Imavere 72401 Järvamaa, Estonia+372 389 [email protected]://piimandusmuuseum.ee
Farm Museum of Carl Robert JakobsonKurgja küla, Vändra vald 87612 Pärnumaa, Estonia+372 445 [email protected]
Estonian Livestock Performance Recording Ltd.Kreutzwaldi 48A50094 Tartu, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]
Vireen Ltd.Ebavere küla, Väike-Maarja vald 46209 Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia+372 327 [email protected]
Rural Development FoundationOru 21, 71003 Viljandi, Estonia+372 648 [email protected]
Boards, centres, offices and museums within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Rural Affairs
50
Ministry of Rural Affairs Republic of EstoniaAddress: Lai tn 39 // Lai tn 41 15056 Tallinn, EstoniaPhone: +372 625 6101Email: [email protected]