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ARUN GC
Food Security Situation in
Nepal
College of Agriculture and Life Science
Kyungpook National University
Daegu, South Korea
Content
Arun GC
2
Background information of Nepal
Agriculture in Nepal
Food Security: Definition, Dimension
and Measurement in Nepal
Current Food Security Situation of
Nepal
Acute Vs Chronic Food Security
Outline of Presentation
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Background information of Nepal
Nepal in Map 4
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Nepal in Picture 5
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World Heritages in Nepal
Cultural (2)
Kathmandu Valley (1979)
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha (1997)
Natural (2)
Chitwan National Park (1984)
Sagarmatha National Park (1979)
(source:http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/np)
World Cultural Heritages in Nepal
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Background Information: Landlocked country sandwiched between
China and India.
Country of Mt. Everest which contains eight
of world's 10 highest peaks and birth place
of Lord Buddha.
Total Area: 148,181 Sq. Km; Population: 28
Million with GR of 1.34 %
Agriculture in GDP: 1/3 and population
engagement: 2/3
Background Information 7
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Background Information:…. Nepal has Three ecological belts:
Himalaya: 51,817
Hill: 61,345 and
Terai: 34,019 Sq KM
Total cultivated land: 3,091,000 ha
Nepal become member of WTO in 2004.
Major trade occurs between Nepal and India
Background Information 8
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Administrative Division
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Administrative Division
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Federal Structure
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Topographic Map of Nepal
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Agriculture in
Nepal
Cereal crop production (2014/15)
0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000
Paddy
Maize
Millet
Wheat
Barley
Buckwheat
Production (mt.) Area (ha.)
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0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Lentil Soyabean Tea (2013/14)
Cardamom Ginger
Other important crops (2014/15)
Area (ha.) Production (mt.)
Some other important Crops, 2014/15
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Sources of Meat 2014/15
Buff 47%
Mutton 1%
Goat 16%
Pig 5%
Chicken 12%
Fish 19%
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Food Requirement Vs Production
-1000000
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
198
9/9
0
199
0/9
1
199
1/9
2
199
2/9
3
199
3/9
4
199
4/9
5
199
5/9
6
199
6/9
7
199
7/9
8
199
8/9
9
199
9/0
0
20
00
/01
20
01/
02
20
02
/03
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03
/04
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/05
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/06
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/10
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10/1
1
20
11/1
2
20
12/1
3R
20
13/1
4R
20
14/1
5P
Production Requirement Balance
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Paddy Production Trend
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
199
0/9
1
199
1/9
2
199
2/9
3
199
3/9
4
199
4/9
5
199
5/9
6
199
6/9
7
199
7/9
8
199
8/9
9
199
9/0
0
20
00
/01
20
01/
02
20
02
/03
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03
/04
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04
/05
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05
/06
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/07
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/08
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/09
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/10
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10/1
1
20
11/1
2
20
12/1
3
20
13/1
4
20
14/1
5
AREA PROD.
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Food Security:
Definition, Dimension
and Measurement in
Nepal
Among around 2 million living beings in this
universe, human is only one such advanced
creature who use money and die of hunger.
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Few years ago; in Nepal Until few years back, Food security meant Food availability through own production So MoAD started to calculate Food Balance Sheet (FBS)
First Component was the Availability Production Estimate of 5/6 major Cereal Crops
Paddy Maize Wheat Millet Barley Buckwheat;
Food Security.. 21
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Definition
“A situation that exists when all people, at all
times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.”
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food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability
over time
Dimensions of FS 23
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ICMR Recommendations
Food requirement per person per day(ICMR 1985)
Food group Requirement in gm*
Cereals 400-650
Pulses 55-80
Green vegetables 100-125
Roots and tubers 75-100
Other vegetables 75-100
Fruits 30
Milk 100-200
Meat or fish 30
Egg 30
Sugar 30-55
Fats and oil 35-50
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•On 25 April (M 7.8) and 12 May (M 7.3)2015,
•9,000 people lost life, 22,500 injured
•losses are estimated at US$7 billion
•while 700,000 people have been pushed into poverty
as a result of the disaster, especially in remote areas
near the quake epicenters.
Recent Earthquake in Nepal
25 Arun GC
26 Arun GC
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Food Security Phase Classification Reference Table
Five Phases IPC
phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4 phase 5
Generally
Food secure
Generally
food
insecure
Highly
food
insecure
(starting
affecting
livelihood
assets)
severly food
insecure
(acute food
and
livelihood
crisis)
Humanitarian
emergency or
catastrophe
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Indicators for Acute food security analysis
1. Crop production/situation
2. HHs food stocks
3. Stock of staples in market
4. wage employment opportunities within district or neighboring VDC
5. Sale of NTFP, cash crops, other agr. Products, livestock
6. Market price of rice
7. Natural disasters
8.Out-migration
9. Coping
10. Acute child malnutrition status
11. Disease
12. Civil security
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Current Institutional Framework
District Food Security Network (DAO, DADO, DDC,DHO, DLSO, WCO, NGOs,
CCI, FECOFUN)
Monitoring of
Crop
Market and Price
Livestock
MoAD
Key surveys
NLSS
Labour force
Census
CBS
NFC
Stocks
Subsidized rice provision
MoCS
DHM
Weather reports
Mo Env.
HMIS
Growth monitoring
Disease Epidemics
NDHS
MoHP
Monitoring of
Economics and financial indicators
NRB
National Planning Commission Nepal Food Security and Nutrition Coordination Committee
Ne
pa
l F
oo
d S
ec
ur
ity
M
on
ito
rin
g U
nit
(Ne
KS
AP
)
Ke
y S
tak
eh
old
er
s
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Chronic Food Insecurity
“Conditions of persistent inability
to meet minimum quality and quantity of food consumption requirements as is evident even in the absence of a shock/hazard” IPC V2
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Major Indicators
Livelihood I. Ownership of production assets (Assets refers to land,
water, finance, extension service, equipments, forest, with specific focus on women)
I.Access/ Market I. Prices (staple food, price trend)
II.Disaster and climate change I. Drought II. Flood / Landslide III. Number of food groups consumed
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Nutrition, Health and WASH
I. Type of water source II. Access to improved sanitation
facilities III. Percentage of population under the
national poverty level IV. Underweight V. Stunting VI. BMI<18.5 VII. Anemia VIII. IMR
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Agriculture
I. Food Consumption Score (FCS) II. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) III. Copying Strategy Index (CSI) IV. Food balance sheet V. Production Figures VI. Proportion of population unable to access a basic
consumption basket during the analysis period (Poverty or food poverty line)
VII.Percentage of income spent on food (for the poorest quintile)
VIII.Household food stocks IX. Access to agriculture /input seeds/fertilizer and
irrigation
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Phase Classification
Level 1: Low Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 2: Moderate Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 3: High Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 4: Very High Chronic
Food Insecurity
Considering recent normal years, less than 10% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year;
AND
The area has not had recurrent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years.
Considering recent normal years, 10 to 20% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year;
OR
The area has had occasional Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years.
Considering recent normal years, 20 to 40% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year;
OR
The area has had frequent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years.
Considering normal years, more than 40% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year;
OR
The area has had very frequent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in past 10 years
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ধন্যবাদ شكرا
អរគុណ 고맙습니다
Рахмат сага
Баярлалаа धन्यवाद ඔබට ස්තුතියි
Je vous remercie
Asante Ndatenda
37 Arun GC
Thank you
