Foreign Policy

Mehvish Ally, Leah Costik, Leslie Shallop

What is foreign policy?

• There are several main terms that define what foreign policy really is. Some of the key terms are as followed:

Superpower

• A superpower is a state with a leading position in the international system and the ability to influence events and project power on a worldwide scale. – US, USSR, British Empire (before Cold War)– Brazil, China, EU, India, Russia (after Cold

War)

Nonaligned

• A country not allied with any other nations, neutral

Balance of Power

• The distribution of power in which no single nation is able to dominate or interfere with others

Arms Race

• A competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments.

Neutrality

• The state or policy of being non partisan, especially during war

Isolationism

• National policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries.

Monroe Doctrine

• (1823) US doctrine proclaiming the British had no right to interfere and colonize with the affairs of the newly independent nations of the Americas.

Roosevelt Corollary

• (1904) Declaration made by Teddy Roosevelt which authorized US intervention in the affairs of neighboring American countries in order to counter threats posed to the US security and interests.

Containment

• US strategy in the early years of the Cold War to prevent Communism from spreading.

Domino Theory

• Theory promoted by the government that if one region came under Communist influence, then the surrounding regions would also.

• “Finally, you have broader considerations that might follow what you would call the "falling domino" principle. You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would have the most profound influences.”

- Dwight D. Eisenhower

Domino Theory Continued

• Past

• Present

John McCain on foreign policy in Iraq

• "Increasing U.S. troop levels will expose more brave Americans to danger and increase the number of American casualties. When Congress authorized this war, we committed America to a mission that entails the greatest sacrifice a country can make, one that falls disproportionately on those Americans who love their country so much that they volunteer to risk their lives to accomplish that mission. And when we authorized this war, we accepted the responsibility to make sure those men and women could prevail. Extending combat tours and accelerating the

deployment of additional troops is a terrible sacrifice to impose on the best patriots among us, and they will understandably be disappointed when they are given that order. Then they will shoulder their weapons and do everything they can to protect our country's vital interests in

Iraq."

Hillary Clinton on foreign policy in Iraq

• Non-interference. Working with the U.N. representative, the group would work to convince Iraq's neighbors to refrain from getting involved in the civil war.

• Mediation. The group would attempt to mediate among the different sectarian groups in Iraq with the goal of attaining compromises on fundamental points of disputes.

• Reconstruction funding. The members of the group would hold themselves and other countries to their past pledges to provide funding to Iraq and will encourage additional contributions to

meet Iraq's extensive needs.

Barack Obama on foreign policy in Iraq

• Bringing Our Troops Home• Obama will immediately begin to remove our troops from Iraq. He

will remove one to two combat brigades each month, and have all of our combat brigades out of Iraq within 16 months. Obama will make it clear that we will not build any permanent bases in Iraq. He will keep some troops in Iraq to protect our embassy and diplomats; if al Qaeda attempts to build a base within Iraq, he will keep troops in Iraq or elsewhere in the region to carry out targeted strikes on al Qaeda.

Barack Obama continued

• Press Iraq’s Leaders to Reconcile• The best way to press Iraq’s leaders to take responsibility

for their future is to make it clear that we are leaving. As we remove our troops, Obama will engage representatives from all levels of Iraqi society – in and out of government – to seek a new accord on Iraq’s Constitution and governance. The United Nations will play a central role in this convention, which should not adjourn until a new national accord is reached addressing tough questions like federalism and oil revenue-sharing.

Barack Obama Continued

• Regional Diplomacy• Obama will launch the most aggressive diplomatic effort

in recent American history to reach a new compact on the stability of Iraq and the Middle East. This effort will include all of Iraq’s neighbors — including Iran and Syria. This compact will aim to secure Iraq’s borders; keep neighboring countries from meddling inside Iraq; isolate al Qaeda; support reconciliation among Iraq’s sectarian groups; and provide financial support for Iraq’s reconstruction.

Barack Obama Continued

• Humanitarian Initiative• Obama believes that America has a moral and security

responsibility to confront Iraq’s humanitarian crisis — two million Iraqis are refugees; two million more are displaced inside their own country. Obama will form an international working group to address this crisis. He will provide at least $2 billion to expand services to Iraqi refugees in neighboring countries, and ensure that Iraqis inside their own country can find a safe-haven.