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Achmad Fauzi Masud and Yana JuhanaHead of Forest Planning Office, Bangka-Belitung Province, Indonesia
FORESTLAND-USE, COMMUNITY FOREST AND REDD+ PROGRAM
IN INDONESIA CONTEXT
OUTLINEA Brief of Indonesia’s Forest and Forestry Indonesia’s Forest landuseCommunity ForestDeforestation and Degradation ForestREDD+ ProgramClosing
INDONESIA IN BRIEF
1. Country land area : app. 189 m.a, population : app. 230 millions
2. 7 major islands (from total of > 16 thousands islands), > 300 tribes,
3. 33 provinces, > 300 districts, autonomous gov. system
4. ±60 % of the country area are forest land/state forest (± 37 % of them are degraded at various levels)
5. Forest transition from the east (Papua : low ) to the west (Sumatera : high, Java : forest cover increases)
6. About 40 million poor within and around forest7. The Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry and Law No. 5/1990 on Biodiversity Conservation
are the main references for managing forest.
VISION AND MISION OF INDONESIAN FORESTRY
Forest administration shall be oriented FOR PEOPLE'S MAXIMUM WELFARE BASED ON EQUITY AND SUSTAINABILITY principles, through: a. Ensuring That Forests Are Sufficient In Area And Evenly Distributed; b. Optimizing The Variety Of Forest Functions Which Cover Conservation,
Protection And Production Functions In Order To Gain Balance And Sustainable Benefits Of Environment, Social, Culture And Economy;
c. Improving The Carrying Capacity Of Watershed; d. Improving The Capacity To Develop Community Potentials And
Empowerment Through Participatory, Equal And Environmental-friendly Ways So As To Establish An Endurance Against The External Change; And
e. Securing Equal And Sustainable Distribution Of Benefits.
VISION AND MISION OF INDONESIAN FORESTRY
Forest administration shall be oriented FOR PEOPLE'S MAXIMUM WELFARE BASED ON EQUITY AND SUSTAINABILITY principles, through: a. Ensuring That Forests Are Sufficient In Area And Evenly Distributed; b. Optimizing The Variety Of Forest Functions Which Cover Conservation,
Protection And Production Functions In Order To Gain Balance And Sustainable Benefits Of Environment, Social, Culture And Economy;
c. Improving The Carrying Capacity Of Watershed; d. Improving The Capacity To Develop Community Potentials And
Empowerment Through Participatory, Equal And Environmental-friendly Ways So As To Establish An Endurance Against The External Change; And
e. Securing Equal And Sustainable Distribution Of Benefits.
Basic principles of Indonesian Forestland Management
1. All forests within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia including all the richness contained therein are under the state's control for people's maximum welfare.
2. The state are gives the authority to the government for control the forest , by : • regulate and organise all aspects related to forest, forest area and forest
products; • assign the status of certain area as a forest area or a non-forest area; and • regulate and determine legal relations between man and forest, and regulate
legal actions concerning forestry3. Forest control by the state shall respect customary laws, as long as
it exists and its existence is recognised and not contradictingnational interests.
Basic principles of Indonesian Forestland Management
3. Indonesian forest status :o STATE FOREST means a forest located on lands bearing no ownership
rights. o RIGHT FOREST means a forest located on lands bearing ownership
rights. 4. Nationally the Forest categorized into three functions, i.e.: conservation
function, protection forest, and production forest 5. The extent of forest area to be retained is at minimum 30% (thirty percent)
of the total area of watershed and or island which should be evenly (or proportionally) distributed.
6. Use of forest area for non-forestry purposes can only be made in production and protection forest areas, without changing the main function of forest area.
Forestland UseProtection Forest (HL)
(16,6 %)
Conservation (HK)
(12,4 %)
Production Forest (HP)
(31,2 %)
Convertible Production
Forest (HPK)(12 %)
Other Uses Land (APL)
(27,8 %)
MajorUse
Soil and Water System, Watershed and soil conservation
Nature and Biodiversity
Timber and NTFP
Reserve for Non Forest Development
Non Forest development
INDONESIAN FORESTLAND USE
Total Indonesian land 189 million ha
Forestlanduse Evolution
1980 - 1992 1992 - 1999 1999 - 2005< 1980
Act No.41/1999
Act No.24/1992
Forest RegisterUsulan
Act No.5/1990
Act No. 32/2004 Act No. 26/2007
2004 - 2007
Z. KOLONIALBELANDA
-----
??
Forest Landuse Plan Agreement
Harmonized Forest Landuse Plan with
Other spatial Landuse Plan Process
Harmonized Forest Landuse Plan with
Other spatial Landuse Plan
Act No.5/1967
Integrated Forest Landuse Plan and
Other spatial Landuse Plan
LANDUSE/FOREST LANDUSE PLANNING
PROCESS TO STRENGTHENING OF FORESLAND-USE MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
STRENGTHENED FOREST
LANDUSE
FOREST AREA GAZETTMENT
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT
FOREST RESOURCES INVENTORY
People and Forest• About 48 mill live in & surrounding the forests, Includes Customary
Communities, and Aprox. 6 mill. directly depend on the forests
• Forest land use schemes (tenures) related with community : – Customary Forests, as long as exist and implementing It’s customary principle– CBFM, particularly in protected area– People Forest Plantation (HTR), in state forest area(forest production) are for
individual and collective– Village Forests, in state (protected and production forest) and village land area– Community Forestry (HKm), in state forest area (protected area and
conservation area) are for individual and collective– Community Plantation Forests, most of in private forestland– Community are have access to utilization timber, non timber forest product
and environmental services
THE ESTABLISHMENT MODEL OF PRIVATE FOREST WITH FAST GROWING SPECIES (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA)
Three years later (2006) after planted byfast growing species
Land condition before the establishment of Private Forest (2003)
NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR LAND REHABILITATION (GERHAN) AT KARANGDUWET VILLAGE, CENTRAL JAVA (MAIN SPECIES: TEAK –TECTONA GRANDIS)
Planting started: 2003
Three years later: 2006
Five years later: 2008
SILVICULTURE INTENSIVE (SILIN)
National Movement for Land Rehabilitation (2007)
Two years later (2009)
Fig. 1, Starts Planting, 2005
Fig. 2, few months later
Fig. 4, four years later (2009)
Fig. 3, three years later (2008)
A Sea-shore Rehabilitation Model(Species: Casuarina equisetifolia)
1.87
3.51
1.08 1.171.37
2.83
0.78 0.760.50
0.68
0.300.41
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
Deforestation 1990-1996 1997-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006 2005 -2007FAO
Total 1.87 3.51 1.08 1.17 0,5Forest State 1.37 2.83 0.78 0.76 -Non Forest state 0.50 0.68 0.30 0.41 -
1990-1996 1997-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006
Mill
ion/
ha/y
ear
Causes of Deforestation:
Mostly due to the changes in the spatial planning, illegal logging, land encroachment,forest fire, not adequate law enforcement,poverty, and unbalancing of the (mostly) wood supply and demands
DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATIONA. Direct Intended :
Forest Converted into non-forest Uses (for example: the establishment of Palm Oil, Tea and Cacao Estates)
B. Direct Un-intended: illegal logging, illegal occupation, encroachment, natural hazard and fire.
C. Indirect intended : Spatial Planning Policy, Transmigration Activities, Extended New District (Kabupaten)
D. Indirect un-intended: Forest Fire, Land Clearing (Slash and Burn), mal-practice government, corruption, market failure of timber stock and poverty
Emissions Reduction Target
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono announced an emissions reduction targets of 26 % by 2020, and it could reach up to 41 % with international support at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Norway,
17 November 2009.
FOREST is expected to contribute more than 50% of those carbon emission reduction.
MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION FOREST IN INDONESIALess Deforestation ( + )
More Deforestation ( - )
GoodForest Cover
( + )
NoForest Cover
( - )
Forest ConcessionSustainable Forest Mgmt
Intensive SilvicultureMgmt of Logged-Over Forest
Industrial Forest PlantationEnrichment Planting
Ecological Restoration
“OPEN ACCESS”
Community Forest PlantationIndustrial Forest PlantationConversion to Other Uses
- - - - - -> : Ultimate Goal of Forest Management
Concept of RED, REDD and REDD Plus in Forestry Sector, Indonesia
Good Forest Cover ( + )
No Forest Cover ( - )
GoodManagement
( + )
NoManagement
( - )
Sustainable ForestManagement
Conservation
REDDEnhancing Carbon
More ConservationREDDRED
Plus: 1. Enhancing Carbon2. SFM3. Conservation
Emission and Sink Scenarios (GT CO2e)
1.241
0.707
0.893
1309
-
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
2020
Gig
a To
n CO
2e
Emis
ion
Net emitter
Net sinker
0.71
0.89
1.31
Note: Deforestation Rates constant at 1,125 mill. ha per year
BAU
Plan
ting
500.
000
ha
Wel
l Pla
ned
all f
ores
tm
anag
emen
t sch
emes
Planting Plan Target of 2010 – 2020
Year Community and Village Forests
Watershed Rehabilitation
Plantation Forests
LoA/ Ecosystem Restoration
Supported Community
ForestTotal
2010 500 300 450 300 50 1,600
2011 500 300 550 350 50 1,750
2012 500 300 500 450 50 1,800
2013 500 350 600 650 50 2,150
2014 500 350 550 750 50 2,200
2015 500 300 450 300 50 1,600
2016 500 300 550 350 50 1,750
2017 500 300 500 450 50 1,800
2018 500 350 600 650 50 2,150
2019 500 350 550 750 50 2,200
2020 500 350 500 750 50 2,150
Total 5,500 3,550 5,800 5,750 550 21,150
Units: thousand hectare
REDD-plus in Indonesia: Context As of in Bali Action Plan refers to:
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Role of conservation, Sustainable management of forest, and Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
All Indonesian forestry activities, basically could be covered under the REDD-pluscategory.
Maintaining and enhancing forest carbon stocks. Role of Conservation, through protected area and ecosystem management effectiveness
as well as biodiversity conservation. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation, through avoiding/reducing forest conversion to
other uses, forest encroachment which leads to permanent land use changes. Reducing Emissions from forest degradation, through Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) and
other SFM practices, curbing illegal logging, forest encroachment, and fire management. REDD-plus in Indonesia is an internalization of global agenda and externalization of local
and national issues
Closing• Strengthening of Forestland use planning and community forest are basically have
a crucial aspect in national forest management and reduce emission ;• As part of national target to reduce emissions ~ 26 % by 2020, mitigation action
plan in forestry is already in the mainstream of forestry sector developmentplanning;
• Domestic funding will not sufficient to achieve the target set for forestry sector;• REDD + scheme is expected to provide financial resources to cover the costs of
actions and incentives;• REDD + calls for both international and national/sub national to have concerted
effort in reducing carbon emission and hence reducing or slowing the increase ofglobal temperature;
• Need for new financing mechanism and financing regulation to ensure that climatechange fund is used for carbon enhancement forestry related activities;
• Need to strengthen members country climate change programme through lessonlearned from other member states.