What do we get from Trees?What do we get from Trees? Trees remove Trees remove carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere and release oxygenatmosphere and release oxygen.. Trees provide us with Trees provide us with paper and woodpaper and wood.. We get We get foodfood from trees (ex: apples, peaches, from trees (ex: apples, peaches,

maple syrup)maple syrup) Trees give us shade and prevent soil erosionTrees give us shade and prevent soil erosion Provide Provide beauty to a particular areabeauty to a particular area.. Trees are home to many animals and insectsTrees are home to many animals and insects Most of the Earth’s trees are found in forests.Most of the Earth’s trees are found in forests. The types of trees found in certain areas depends The types of trees found in certain areas depends

on the climate, altitude, and soil composition. on the climate, altitude, and soil composition.

Earth’s Forests: More than Earth’s Forests: More than just trees just trees

In the last In the last 8000 years the Earth has lost 8000 years the Earth has lost nearly 40%nearly 40% of its original forests. of its original forests.

The The majoritymajority of this happened in the of this happened in the 2020thth century.century.

Humans have been using forest resources Humans have been using forest resources for thousands of years.for thousands of years.

With the rise of industry and big businesses, With the rise of industry and big businesses, humans began abusing forest resources humans began abusing forest resources

Forests provide Forests provide homes for thousands of homes for thousands of plant, animal, and insect speciesplant, animal, and insect species..

Food for these organisms are also provided Food for these organisms are also provided by the forest.by the forest.

Provide jobs and sources of revenue for Provide jobs and sources of revenue for people in surrounding towns and citiespeople in surrounding towns and cities..

Recreation and tourism is generated by Recreation and tourism is generated by forests.forests.

Human territories and ForestsHuman territories and Forests Forests are an Forests are an important source of revenue important source of revenue for governments, for governments,

large corporations, and local businesses.large corporations, and local businesses. When a logging company begins developing a new part of a When a logging company begins developing a new part of a

forest, a town begins to form.forest, a town begins to form. Workers need to live close by.Workers need to live close by. Within this town services (doctor, police, fire, schools,etc.) and Within this town services (doctor, police, fire, schools,etc.) and

businesses form.businesses form. Roads and highways need to be built.Roads and highways need to be built. Gas and electrical lines need to be passed.Gas and electrical lines need to be passed. Ports are built if the town is close to a body of water.Ports are built if the town is close to a body of water.

Recreational TourismRecreational TourismWhat is recreational tourism?What is recreational tourism? It is a sector that provides a large source of It is a sector that provides a large source of

revenue for forest areas.revenue for forest areas. This This sector attracts tourists who sector attracts tourists who

enjoying participating in outdoor enjoying participating in outdoor recreational activitiesrecreational activities..

These activities include: These activities include: fishing, hunting, fishing, hunting, camping, hiking, skiing/snowboarding, camping, hiking, skiing/snowboarding, snowmobiling and off roading snowmobiling and off roading (atv’s) (atv’s)

Many recreational tourist areas have gained Many recreational tourist areas have gained international popularity.international popularity.

These same areas have now developed into multi-These same areas have now developed into multi-million dollar businesses. Ex: Mont.Tremblant, million dollar businesses. Ex: Mont.Tremblant, Quebec. Quebec.

Types of Forests Types of Forests Today, more than one fourth (25%) of the Today, more than one fourth (25%) of the

earth’s land mass are covered by forests.earth’s land mass are covered by forests.

The main component of all forests are its trees.The main component of all forests are its trees.

Every Every type of forest has a very different type of forest has a very different climate, soil type, species of trees and climate, soil type, species of trees and plants, and animalsplants, and animals

There are 3 types of forestThere are 3 types of forest. .

1) Tropical Rainforests1) Tropical Rainforests Are located in Are located in Central and South America, Central and South America,

central Africa, and Southeast Asiacentral Africa, and Southeast Asia..

Rainforests are home to some of the most exotic Rainforests are home to some of the most exotic species of plants, animals, and insects in world.species of plants, animals, and insects in world.

Rainforests can reach nearly 50°C and can Rainforests can reach nearly 50°C and can receive nearly 650 cm of rain every year (over receive nearly 650 cm of rain every year (over 54 ft.). 54 ft.).

2) Temperate Forest 2) Temperate Forest Are found in Southern Canada and Northern Are found in Southern Canada and Northern

USA, Europe, China and Japan.USA, Europe, China and Japan.

These are mostly These are mostly made up of deciduous made up of deciduous trees (loose their leaves) and conifers trees (loose their leaves) and conifers (evergreens)(evergreens)

Located near large urban centers.Located near large urban centers.

These forests are very industrialized, These forests are very industrialized, many are secondary forests (replanted) many are secondary forests (replanted)

3) Boreal Forest3) Boreal Forest Predominantly Predominantly found in Canada, Northern found in Canada, Northern

Europe, China, and JapanEurope, China, and Japan..

These forests are These forests are primarily made up of primarily made up of conifers (evergreens)conifers (evergreens)..

In Canada the Boreal forests make up three In Canada the Boreal forests make up three quarters of forested lands.quarters of forested lands.

Another name for Boreal Forest is TaigaAnother name for Boreal Forest is Taiga

Terms to remember:Terms to remember: ForestryForestry: All activities related to the forest and its : All activities related to the forest and its

development.development.

Clear-cuttingClear-cutting: Removing all of the trees from one : Removing all of the trees from one area.area.

DeforestationDeforestation: permanent destruction of a forested : permanent destruction of a forested area.area.

StandStand: A group of trees where there is only one or few : A group of trees where there is only one or few species growing togetherspecies growing together

The Importance of the Boreal ForestThe Importance of the Boreal Forest The word The word Boreal comes from the Greek word Boreas, the god of the north Boreal comes from the Greek word Boreas, the god of the north

windwind.. This forest was given this name because of its long, dry winters and short, cool This forest was given this name because of its long, dry winters and short, cool

summers. summers. The boreal forests The boreal forests represent nearly 25% of the earth’s forested landrepresent nearly 25% of the earth’s forested land.. Overall the boreal forest ecosystem remains untouched.Overall the boreal forest ecosystem remains untouched. This forest helps This forest helps filter millions of litres of drinking water filter millions of litres of drinking water every day.every day. Gives Gives homes for thousands of animal, plant and insect specieshomes for thousands of animal, plant and insect species.. Retains lakes and rivers.Retains lakes and rivers.

Over Over 14% of Canada’s population live in the boreal 14% of Canada’s population live in the boreal forestforest..

This includes nearly This includes nearly 600 aboriginal groups and 600 aboriginal groups and communities.communities.

Many of these aboriginal communities are taking an active Many of these aboriginal communities are taking an active role in managing forest resources.role in managing forest resources.

The The boreal forest also provides a perfect location for boreal forest also provides a perfect location for recreational tourism.recreational tourism.

This industry generates large sums of money for This industry generates large sums of money for forest communitiesforest communities..

Commercial value of the Boreal Commercial value of the Boreal ForestForest

The stands of the boreal forest are primarily used for The stands of the boreal forest are primarily used for manufacturing pulp, paper, and cardboard.manufacturing pulp, paper, and cardboard.

Throughout Canada nearly 7000 logging companies Throughout Canada nearly 7000 logging companies provide jobs to nearly 400 000 people.provide jobs to nearly 400 000 people.

These industries inject billions of dollars into Canada’s These industries inject billions of dollars into Canada’s economy each year.economy each year.

Canada is the world leader in the production and Canada is the world leader in the production and export of newsprint. Quebec accounts for one third of export of newsprint. Quebec accounts for one third of this.this.

Newsprint is primarily exported to the United States Newsprint is primarily exported to the United States and China.and China.

Forestry in Canada TodayForestry in Canada TodayIs the forest industry in Canada & Is the forest industry in Canada &

Quebec doing well?Quebec doing well? The forest industry is currently going The forest industry is currently going

through very difficult times.through very difficult times.

There are many logging companies, There are many logging companies, sawmills, pulp and paper producers that are sawmills, pulp and paper producers that are shutting down there businesses.shutting down there businesses.

This forces many people out of work.This forces many people out of work.

Why is this happening to the forest Why is this happening to the forest industry?industry?

Poor world economyPoor world economy New laws which force companies to replant or New laws which force companies to replant or

use fewer trees.use fewer trees. New technology that requires less paper and New technology that requires less paper and

wood.wood.Why is the closing of a sawmill or Why is the closing of a sawmill or

logging company such a big deal?logging company such a big deal? Many jobs are lostMany jobs are lost People in other industries are affected. Ex: People in other industries are affected. Ex:

stores and recreationstores and recreation

What are governments doing to help?What are governments doing to help? Investing millions of dollars into the industry.Investing millions of dollars into the industry.

Buying companies that have closedBuying companies that have closed

Providing jobs to replant or manage forests.Providing jobs to replant or manage forests.

Despite efforts it will take a long time for the industry to rebound.Despite efforts it will take a long time for the industry to rebound.

DeforestationDeforestation There are many different terms used by There are many different terms used by

governments and logging companies to describe governments and logging companies to describe the removal of trees from an area.the removal of trees from an area.

Land clearing: cutting down trees in an Land clearing: cutting down trees in an area for farming, construction (towns and area for farming, construction (towns and roads), or loggingroads), or logging..

Land clearing is usually done for specific Land clearing is usually done for specific purposes. Only what is needed is cut down.purposes. Only what is needed is cut down.

Degradation to a forest occurs when land Degradation to a forest occurs when land clearing is poorly managed.clearing is poorly managed.

Degradation means that the necessary Degradation means that the necessary conditions for the renewal of the forest conditions for the renewal of the forest is greatly reduced or absentis greatly reduced or absent..

Proper conditions mean that soil conditions, Proper conditions mean that soil conditions, climate, and pollution levels are at climate, and pollution levels are at acceptable levels for re-growth.acceptable levels for re-growth.

Plant and animal life are still present as well. Plant and animal life are still present as well. Degradation can be reversed with proper Degradation can be reversed with proper

care and management.care and management.

Deforestation refers to permanent Deforestation refers to permanent deterioration of a forested area.deterioration of a forested area.

Deforestation occurs when all Deforestation occurs when all conditions are destroyedconditions are destroyed..

Ex: Forested area is cleared to make a road Ex: Forested area is cleared to make a road or highway, malls, or housing developments.or highway, malls, or housing developments.

Soil conditions and pollutions levels are too Soil conditions and pollutions levels are too high for re-growth.high for re-growth.

Plant and animal life has completely Plant and animal life has completely disappeared. disappeared.

Case study: Case study: Mauricie, QuebecMauricie, Quebec

Mauricie is one of the largest producers of Mauricie is one of the largest producers of cardboard and newsprintcardboard and newsprint. Most of their . Most of their products are shipped to the US.products are shipped to the US.

Logging is a huge industry in this region and has Logging is a huge industry in this region and has been for over 150 years.been for over 150 years.

The forest is the heart of Mauricie. The The forest is the heart of Mauricie. The forest industry provides jobs to forest industry provides jobs to thousands of peoplethousands of people..

Many aboriginal groups benefit from the Many aboriginal groups benefit from the forests in Mauricie.forests in Mauricie.

Mauricie developed around their Mauricie developed around their logging industrylogging industry. (As explained earlier). (As explained earlier)

During the 20During the 20thth century century Mauricie grew as Mauricie grew as the demand for wood an paper grewthe demand for wood an paper grew..

Today the Today the forest industry in Mauricie is forest industry in Mauricie is one of the areas struggling during the one of the areas struggling during the current recessioncurrent recession..

Silvicultural Practices in MauricieSilvicultural Practices in Mauricie Silviculture refers to practices that Silviculture refers to practices that

ensure development of a forest and its ensure development of a forest and its conservationconservation..

Silviculture protects both the natural Silviculture protects both the natural resource and the people who benefit form it.resource and the people who benefit form it.

1.1. In Mauricie, the government and In Mauricie, the government and companies are companies are studying areas for studying areas for development, as to not disrupt local development, as to not disrupt local hunting and fishinghunting and fishing..

2.2. Companies invite tourists to Companies invite tourists to plant trees plant trees and visit harvesting operationsand visit harvesting operations..

3.3. Inclusion of First Nation communities in Inclusion of First Nation communities in decision making.decision making.

4.4. Following parts of the Coulombe report: Following parts of the Coulombe report: harvest in different places at different harvest in different places at different times; developing more wood times; developing more wood products rather than shipping timberproducts rather than shipping timber. .