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8/21/2019 Forestry-management failure.ppt
1/22
Forestry in India
A Story of Management
Failure
Presented by
Smruti(42)
Nirbhay(29)
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What is forestry
Creation, conservation and scientific
management of forests and utilization of
their resources.
protection, perpetuation, menstruation,
management, valuation and finance as
well as utilization of forest products.
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Facts about Indian forest
per capita forest land is only 0.08 hectare
About 200 million is partially or wholly dependent
on forest resources for their livelihoods.
orestry contribute about ! per cent to "#$
%arge&scale industry & pulp and paper & uses
only about !0' of forest raw material, while
about 2(,000 sawmills and a large number ofcottage unit)s process *0'.
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+he unrecorded and partly illegal felling
amounts to more than half of the
commercially harvested timber and
firewood
ecorded forest in -ndia &/.
mha120.'
actual forest cover &(.(mha 1!*.2/'
3nly (8 million ha of forests are well
stoc4ed 1crown density above 50'.
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History of forest management
Ancient -ndian scriptures and literature
mention forest management
scientific study of managed forests andcame with the colonial rule only
+he -ndian orest #epartment was set up
with 6ritish officers in senior positions and
-ndian officers to assist them.
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orest Act of !8/8& control of all reserved
forests including harvesting if timber andrestricting access of the people andlivestoc4 to these forests.
!8*0 almost every province in -ndia had a
permanent forest administration to loo4after the state forests. 7istorically -ndia had forest cover ' -t shrun4 to 50' by the middle of the
century ince -ndia9s independence the figure has
shrun4 to !*' today.
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Causes of forest management
failure
-ndian orest Act !*2/ &restricting
people9s access to :government9 forests
+he orest Act !*2& village communitiesshould in no event be permitted to use
forests at the cost of )national interest).
rights to manage forests were vested withthe state governments till !*/
After that forests put on the concurrent list
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$rior to the orest 1Conservation Act
!*80 the state governments could ta4e
any forest land out of forestry and put toother use such as agriculture, roads, and
habitation settlement.
;ntil !*88, the policy lands used forcommercial purposes
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+rends in orest
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-t created a uniform monoculture of timber
species.
-t escalated commercial felling
C
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1$ect underlined the imperative of
involving the communities in the protection,conservation, management and sharing of naturalresources.
orest $olicy in !*88
hifting the focus from revenue generation toconservation
Answering the subsistence needs of the communities.
+he policy gives higher priority to environmental stabilitythan to earning revenue.
-t discourages monocultures and prefers mi?ed forest +he rights and concessions en>oyed by them should be
fully protected.
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=fm.
share in usufructs
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As on!0.*.200(& 85(2 =< committees
loo4ing after !/.(( million ha of forestlands e?cept
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As on !0.*.200(, appro?imately 8.5 million
families were involved in =< programmeout of which appro?imately 2./ million were+ families.
to support =< programme, @ationalAfforestation $rogramme 1@A$ chemein the $lan i.e., amanvit "ramBani4aran amridhi o>ana 1"B
cheme. implemented through a two&tierdecentralized institutional set&up
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As on (0.!!.2005, ! #A $ro>ects wereoperational in all 28 states at a total costof s.!,(55.2 Corers to treat 8.!( la4hha. through !*,2(5 =
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hifting of forest policies towards
conservation
1980 the Forest (Conservation) Act
to chec! uncontro""ed diversion of forestareas for other #ur#oses$ #articu"ar"y for
agricu"ture and human sett"ement% state govt% cannot dereserve &eserved
Forests or divert forest "ands for nonforest#ur#oses 'ithout the #ermission from I%
*he states cannot no' "ease out forests tothe #rivate entre#reneurs+ Cor#orations noto'ned by government%
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,anagement concern
$< not e?tended to protected areasand well&stoc4ed forests
lac4 of clarity regarding tenure
the e?tent of forestry department controlwithin =< is significant.
village organizations in most states have
no autonomous status and can bedissolved by the forestry department.
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-ome #rovision shou"d ta!e into
consideration
.rovide c"ear #o"icy signa"s to the
forestbased #rivate sector
&emove bott"enec!s to farm forestry
and cut bac! on subsidi/ed su##"y of
ra' materia" to industry
*ac!"e intracommunity ineuity
Incor#orate farm forestry in 'atershed
deve"o#ment #rogrammes
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orest esource
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+o optimize the environmental service
rendered by forests. irst charge on the productivity of the
forests should be of the local people fortheir essential livelihood needs
@ational orest $olicy, !*88 hasemphasized the of preparation of E$
E$
-nfusion of new management practicesbased on forest science. -nfusion of modern technology in
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C5C67-I5
single&use strategies inadeFuate for local
development.
Adopting a contemporary, multiple&use
strategy.
ocusing on generating multiple products
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Thank you