Formal Process Formal Process of QA and quality of QA and quality

related related certificationscertifications

MIM 3rd year – Sem VAbhishek Mishra – 27Hemant Morajkar – 28Deepak Waje – 52Gagandeep Singh – 55Amey Gode – 61Jugal Anwekar – 62

Software Quality Software Quality AssuranceAssurance

It is the Process of verifying or It is the Process of verifying or determining whether products or determining whether products or services meet or exceed customer services meet or exceed customer expectationsexpectations

QA is a process driven approach with QA is a process driven approach with specific steps to help define and attain specific steps to help define and attain goals, the process considers design, goals, the process considers design, development, production and service.development, production and service.

Shewhart cycle to determine QA-Shewhart cycle to determine QA-developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming , developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming , it includes Plan , Do, Check, Act.it includes Plan , Do, Check, Act.

Formal SQA ProcessFormal SQA Process

PlanPlan The Key to Quality Assurance is proper The Key to Quality Assurance is proper

validation and documentation , it starts validation and documentation , it starts with a detailed plan.with a detailed plan.

The plan documents the expectations of The plan documents the expectations of the customer, it includes the techniques, the customer, it includes the techniques, procedures and methodologies that will procedures and methodologies that will be used to assure timely delivery of the be used to assure timely delivery of the software that meets specified software that meets specified requirements within project resources.requirements within project resources.

DoDo This includes to implement the This includes to implement the

solution or process change.solution or process change. Monitor results and collect data.Monitor results and collect data.

CheckCheck Use data to analyze the results of the Use data to analyze the results of the

change and determine whether it made a change and determine whether it made a difference.difference.

Ensure that any deviations in software or Ensure that any deviations in software or work products are documented and work products are documented and handled according to a documented handled according to a documented procedure.procedure.

Record any evidence of noncompliance Record any evidence of noncompliance and reports them to management.and reports them to management.

ActAct Purpose is to find defects (errors) before Purpose is to find defects (errors) before

they are passed on to another software they are passed on to another software engineering activity or released to the engineering activity or released to the customer.customer.

Software engineers (and others) conduct Software engineers (and others) conduct formal technical reviews (FTR) for formal technical reviews (FTR) for software engineers. software engineers.

Using informal technical reviews Using informal technical reviews (walkthroughs or inspections) is an (walkthroughs or inspections) is an effective means for improving software effective means for improving software quality. quality.

Formal Technical Formal Technical Reviews - 1Reviews - 1

Involves 3 to 5 people (including reviewers)Involves 3 to 5 people (including reviewers) Advance preparation (no more than 2 hours Advance preparation (no more than 2 hours

per person) requiredper person) required Duration of review meeting should be less Duration of review meeting should be less

than 2 hoursthan 2 hours Focus of review is on a discrete work Focus of review is on a discrete work

productproduct Review leader organizes the review Review leader organizes the review

meeting at the producer's request.meeting at the producer's request.

Formal Technical Formal Technical Reviews - 2Reviews - 2

Reviewers ask questions that enable the Reviewers ask questions that enable the producer to discover his or her own error producer to discover his or her own error (the product is under review not the (the product is under review not the producer) producer)

Producer of the work product walks the Producer of the work product walks the reviewers through the productreviewers through the product

Recorder writes down any significant Recorder writes down any significant issues raised during the reviewissues raised during the review

Reviewers decide to accept or reject the Reviewers decide to accept or reject the work product and whether to require work product and whether to require additional reviews of product or not.additional reviews of product or not.

Why do peer reviews?Why do peer reviews? To improve quality.To improve quality. Catches 80% of all errors if done Catches 80% of all errors if done

properly.properly. Catches both coding errors and Catches both coding errors and

design errors.design errors. Enforce the spirit of any Enforce the spirit of any

organization standards.organization standards. Training and insurance.Training and insurance.

Formality and TimingFormality and Timing Formal review presentationsFormal review presentations

resemble conference presentations.resemble conference presentations. Informal presentationsInformal presentations

less detailed, but equally correct.less detailed, but equally correct. EarlyEarly

tend to be informaltend to be informal may not have enough informationmay not have enough information

LaterLater tend to be more formaltend to be more formal Feedback may come too late to avoid reworkFeedback may come too late to avoid rework

Formality and TimingFormality and Timing Analysis is complete.Analysis is complete. Design is complete.Design is complete. After first compilation.After first compilation. After first test run.After first test run. After all test runs.After all test runs. Any time you complete an activity Any time you complete an activity

that produce a complete work that produce a complete work product.product.

Review GuidelinesReview Guidelines Keep it short (< 30 minutes).Keep it short (< 30 minutes). Don’t review product fragments.Don’t review product fragments. Use standards to avoid style Use standards to avoid style

disagreements.disagreements. Let the coordinator run the meeting Let the coordinator run the meeting

and maintain order.and maintain order.

Statistical Quality Statistical Quality AssuranceAssurance

Information about software defects is Information about software defects is collected and categorizedcollected and categorized

Each defect is traced back to its causeEach defect is traced back to its cause Using the Pareto principle (80% of the Using the Pareto principle (80% of the

defects can be traced to 20% of the defects can be traced to 20% of the causes) isolate the "vital few" defect causes) isolate the "vital few" defect causescauses

Move to correct the problems that caused Move to correct the problems that caused the defectsthe defects

Quality related Quality related certificationscertifications

ISO 9000ISO 9000 SEI – CMM ModelSEI – CMM Model People Capability Maturity Model (P-People Capability Maturity Model (P-

CMM)CMM) CMMi ModelCMMi Model COPC 2000COPC 2000 eSCMeSCM BS 7799BS 7799 Six SigmaSix Sigma

ISO 9000ISO 9000 It is series of an international set of It is series of an international set of

documents on quality assurance.documents on quality assurance. ISO 9001 - model for quality assurance in ISO 9001 - model for quality assurance in

design/development, production, design/development, production, installation and servicing.installation and servicing.

ISO 9002- model for quality production ISO 9002- model for quality production and installation.and installation.

ISO 9003 - model for quality assurance in ISO 9003 - model for quality assurance in final inspection and test.final inspection and test.

Two supporting guidelines documents, Two supporting guidelines documents, namely ISO 9000 and ISO 9004namely ISO 9000 and ISO 9004

SEI – CMM ModelSEI – CMM Model The CMM describes an improvement path The CMM describes an improvement path

from an adhoc, immature to a mature, from an adhoc, immature to a mature, disciplined software process.disciplined software process.

It covers practices for planning, engineering It covers practices for planning, engineering and managing software development and and managing software development and mantainance. mantainance.

The CMM is composed of five maturity levelsThe CMM is composed of five maturity levels Each maturity level provides a layer in the Each maturity level provides a layer in the

foundation for continuous process foundation for continuous process improvement.improvement.

P - CMMP - CMM It is a process at managing and It is a process at managing and

developing an organisation's work force developing an organisation's work force and adopts the maturity framework of and adopts the maturity framework of Capability Maturity Model for software.Capability Maturity Model for software.

It is designed to allow software It is designed to allow software organisations to integrate workforce organisations to integrate workforce improvement with software process improvement with software process improvement programs guided by SEI-improvement programs guided by SEI-CMM.CMM.

P-CMM consists of five maturity levelsP-CMM consists of five maturity levels

CMMi ModelCMMi Model The purpose of CMMi is to provide The purpose of CMMi is to provide

guidance for improving your organization's guidance for improving your organization's processes and your ability to manage the processes and your ability to manage the development, acquisition, and maintenance development, acquisition, and maintenance of products and services. of products and services.

The CMMi helps your organization assess The CMMi helps your organization assess its organizational maturity its organizational maturity process area capabilityprocess area capability establish priorities for improvementestablish priorities for improvement guide the implementation of these guide the implementation of these

improvements. improvements.

eSCMeSCM

• Caters Caters the unique requirements of the unique requirements of ITES/BPO services.ITES/BPO services.

• Focuses on assisting customers to Focuses on assisting customers to measure the capability of service measure the capability of service providers.providers.

• Initiates and guides service providers Initiates and guides service providers through the process of continuous through the process of continuous improvement by specifying practices improvement by specifying practices to be implemented.to be implemented.

Six SigmaSix Sigma Six Sigma is a methodology that provides Six Sigma is a methodology that provides

businesses with the tools to improve the businesses with the tools to improve the capability of their business processescapability of their business processes

Six Sigma is a rigorous and a systematic Six Sigma is a rigorous and a systematic methodology thatmethodology that

Utilizes information and statistical analysis to Utilizes information and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company's operational measure and improve a company's operational performance.performance.

Practices and systems by identifying and Practices and systems by identifying and preventing 'defects' in manufacturing and preventing 'defects' in manufacturing and service-related processes.service-related processes.

Thank youThank you