Formation of the Modern Middle EastEssential Question: What does nationalism and imperialism mean, and how did these factors impact the Middle East in the 1800s?

WHY: to understand the meaning of nationalism and imperialism and be able to explain the impact of these factors on the Middle East

1.Discussion: Imperialism is a necessary evil2.Class Notes: Imperialism Background 3.Reading: Fall of the Ottoman Empire4.Return Tests

CHECK OFF: Imperialism is a necessary evil responseHW: Fall of the Ottoman Empire Reading Questions DUE Thursday/Friday

What is Imperialism?Class Definition: a policy or practice of extending a

country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

WHY would a country do this?- to gain economic and political advantages

HOW do countries do this?- control is usually achieved by military force

Has America ever been imperialist?

What is Nationalism?European nationalism in the 1800s: •Passionate pride in your country– to the point that you see your country as being better

than other countries•Greatness of country based on size– prove your greatness through expansion

WHY Imperialism? • Raw materials needed for

industrialization = need for expansion

• Suez canal (Egypt: 1869) was essential to British and French Trade.

• Colonies provided the resources for European finished products.– By 1914 94% of Egypt’s

exports were cotton

Also…•Many Europeans thought people in Africa, Asia and the Middle East = racially inferior•“Proof” of their inferiority:

-Little industrialization = justification for imperialism

•Created an “obligation” to help

So…

WHY Imperialism?

What happened… Napoleon (briefly) invaded Egypt in

1798 (during the French Revolution)

The British eventually gained control of Egypt, Sudan and the small states of the Persian Gulf Egyptian nationalist movement led to

British indirect rule 1882-1953

France seized Algeria and Morocco

Bottom line – England and France were taking control of the Middle East and North Africa.

European Colonies in the Middle East