Forms and Sources of Forms and Sources of EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy is the ability of a physical system is the ability of a physical system to do work or exert forceto do work or exert force

Law of Conservation of EnergyLaw of Conservation of Energy states that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed energy cannot be created or destroyed

Potential energyPotential energy is stored energy in a body is stored energy in a bodyKinetic energyKinetic energy is the energy of a moving is the energy of a moving

bodybodyThe amount of useful energy is known as The amount of useful energy is known as

energy efficiencyenergy efficiency

Forms of EnergyForms of Energy

MechanicalMechanical: created by physical movement: created by physical movement ThermalThermal: energy of motion of particles of the sun: energy of motion of particles of the sun NuclearNuclear: energy stored in the center of atoms: energy stored in the center of atoms GravitationalGravitational: energy of position on Earth: energy of position on Earth RadiantRadiant: electromagnetic energy travelling in : electromagnetic energy travelling in

waveswaves ChemicalChemical: energy stored in bonds of atoms and : energy stored in bonds of atoms and

moleculesmolecules ElectricalElectrical: energy of movement of electrons: energy of movement of electrons

CoalCoal

Formed by heat and pressure, and the remains Formed by heat and pressure, and the remains of dead organismsof dead organisms

Located in swampy areas and mountainous Located in swampy areas and mountainous regionsregions

Buried deep underground, shallow coal is Buried deep underground, shallow coal is recovered in surface minesrecovered in surface mines

Stored as chemical energyStored as chemical energy Burned to produce energy and heatBurned to produce energy and heat Non-renewable but cheapNon-renewable but cheap Produces a lot of pollution and chemicalsProduces a lot of pollution and chemicals

Natural GasNatural Gas Fossil fuel that is a colourless, ordourless gasFossil fuel that is a colourless, ordourless gas Formed from ancient sea plants and animalsFormed from ancient sea plants and animals Located in sedimentary basins and recovered by Located in sedimentary basins and recovered by

drilling wells and pipesdrilling wells and pipes Stored as chemical energyStored as chemical energy Burned to produce heat and electricityBurned to produce heat and electricity Cleaner burning than coal and cheapCleaner burning than coal and cheap Nonrenewable energy sourceNonrenewable energy source Produces pollution (carbon dioxide) when Produces pollution (carbon dioxide) when

burnedburned

HydropowerHydropower Energy produced by flowing water caused by the Energy produced by flowing water caused by the

force of gravityforce of gravity Found in regions of high precipitationFound in regions of high precipitation Dams used to harness the power of the water to Dams used to harness the power of the water to

turn turbines and produce electricityturn turbines and produce electricity Stored as mechanical energyStored as mechanical energy Renewable energy sourceRenewable energy source Does not produce pollution but does affect Does not produce pollution but does affect

animal habitatsanimal habitats Few locations can support damsFew locations can support dams

PetroleumPetroleum Liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuelLiquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel Formed from ancient sea plants and animalsFormed from ancient sea plants and animals Located in sedimentary basins and recovered as crude Located in sedimentary basins and recovered as crude

oil by drilling wells and pipesoil by drilling wells and pipes Stored as chemical energyStored as chemical energy Burned to produce heat or refined into gasoline Burned to produce heat or refined into gasoline

(transportation fuel)(transportation fuel) Fuel almost our entire transportation system and Fuel almost our entire transportation system and

essential for the production of plasticessential for the production of plastic Nonrenewable energy sourceNonrenewable energy source Produces pollution when burned, massive damages if Produces pollution when burned, massive damages if

spilled into the oceanspilled into the ocean

SolarSolar Energy produced by fusion in the sun’s coreEnergy produced by fusion in the sun’s core Stored as radiant energyStored as radiant energy Recovered by photovoltaic cells as radiant Recovered by photovoltaic cells as radiant

energy reaches the Earthenergy reaches the Earth Converted to heat through absorption and Converted to heat through absorption and

electricity by PV cellselectricity by PV cells Renewable energy source and non-pollutingRenewable energy source and non-polluting Difficult to harness because it is not Difficult to harness because it is not

concentrated in one areaconcentrated in one area PV technology is expensivePV technology is expensive

BiomassBiomass

Organic material that can be used as an energy sourceOrganic material that can be used as an energy source Located anywhere on Earth that can sustain plant Located anywhere on Earth that can sustain plant

growthgrowth Stored as chemical energyStored as chemical energy Collected from organic waste that can be burned to Collected from organic waste that can be burned to

produce energyproduce energy Can be converted to methane or ethanol (car fuel)Can be converted to methane or ethanol (car fuel) Renewable energy source and cheapRenewable energy source and cheap Burning biomass does produce pollution and foul Burning biomass does produce pollution and foul

odoursodours Doesn’t produce as much energy as burning coalDoesn’t produce as much energy as burning coal

PropanePropane Colourless, ordourless gas found in natural gas Colourless, ordourless gas found in natural gas

and petroleum depositsand petroleum deposits Recovered from refining petroleum and natural Recovered from refining petroleum and natural

gasgas Stored as chemical energyStored as chemical energy Compressed into a liquidCompressed into a liquid Burned to produce heat and fuel vehicles, and Burned to produce heat and fuel vehicles, and

used in cookingused in cooking Nonrenewable energy sourceNonrenewable energy source Clean burning fossil fuel but produces some Clean burning fossil fuel but produces some

pollutionpollution

UraniumUranium Metallic ore that is abundant in North AmericaMetallic ore that is abundant in North America Ores are mined and enrichedOres are mined and enriched Stored as nuclear energyStored as nuclear energy Energy released through fission (splitting atoms)Energy released through fission (splitting atoms) Once enriched can produce heat which is used to Once enriched can produce heat which is used to

produce electricityproduce electricity Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, thus minimal Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, thus minimal

pollutionpollution Efficient and cost-effectiveEfficient and cost-effective Nonrenewable energy sourceNonrenewable energy source Produces radioactive waste which must be carefully Produces radioactive waste which must be carefully

storedstored

WindWind

Moving air caused by uneven heating of Earth’s Moving air caused by uneven heating of Earth’s surface by the sunsurface by the sun

Wind machines used to harness the energyWind machines used to harness the energy Machines slow speed of wind and use energy to Machines slow speed of wind and use energy to

produce electricityproduce electricity Stored as kinetic energy (motion)Stored as kinetic energy (motion) Renewable energy sourceRenewable energy source Inexpensive and non-polluting, but noisyInexpensive and non-polluting, but noisy Machines cannot operate all the time as wind Machines cannot operate all the time as wind

must blow at least 23 km/hmust blow at least 23 km/h

GeothermalGeothermal Heat produced in Earth’s interior from Heat produced in Earth’s interior from

radioactive decay of natural elementsradioactive decay of natural elements Recovered by drilling and underground pipesRecovered by drilling and underground pipes Many located in the South PacificMany located in the South Pacific Stored as thermal energyStored as thermal energy Produces enough energy to heat buildings and Produces enough energy to heat buildings and

steam is used to produce electricitysteam is used to produce electricity Renewable energy sourceRenewable energy source Does not produce pollution but is expensiveDoes not produce pollution but is expensive Not located everywhere on EarthNot located everywhere on Earth