Forward Physics at the LHC

- A Project Review Risto Orava

Helsinki Institute of Physics andDepartment of Physical Sciences University of Helsinki

0.1R-ECFA Meeting in Helsinki R.Orava 26. September 2003

• Physics Goals & Bench Mark Processes• Forward Spectrometer at the LHC• Project activities at CDF/Tevatron• The Helsinki Group: Resource basis, Plans• Impact: Education, R&D• Summary

Important part of the phase space is not covered by the baseline designs at LHC. Much of the large energy, small transverse energy particles are missed.

In the forward region (| > 5):

few particles with large energies/ small transverse momenta.

Charge flow

Energy flow

R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava

information value low: - bulk of the particles created late in space-time

information value high: - leading particles created early in space-time

1.1

Hgap gap

b

-jet

-jet

P1’ P2’

MSSM with large tan=> 10 x SM!

MH2 = Mmissing

2

= (p1+p2-p1’-p2’)2

= Mbb2

Mmissing = O(1 GeV)

Mbb = O(10GeV) Missing Mass: accurate scan in

pp p + X + p using leading p’s

b

Upgrade scenarios and Forward detectors - CMS & TOTEM

2.1

• Technical Proposal submitted in 1999• Technical Design Report (TDR) to be completed by End 2003• Designed to co-exist with CMS and to run with large, intermediate and low * (1500m & 18m & 0.5m)• Aims at:

• Precision measurement of tot (tot ~ 1mb)

• Elastic scattering down to -tmin ~ 10-3

• Diffractive scattering • Forward spectrometer:

• T1 & T2 for inelastics (3 < || < 7) • New collaborators: ILK Dresden, Helsinki,

Brunel, Warsaw, Prague, INFN-Genova.R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava

Experimental Apparatus at the LHC

Roman Pots/Microstations to measure elastic and diffractive protons

TOTEM integrated with the machine

Inelastic Detector

TOTEM integrated with CMS

Inelastic Detector

Roman Pot/Microstation

-concept

RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4

in

out

T1-T2T1-T2

2.2

New layout of T2 - CMS/TOTEM Working Group on Diffraction

Silicon Pixel or GEM Tracker 5.0<<7.5

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

(Castor) 5.0<<7.5

Absorber

Optimized Conical Vacuum Chamber

A

A

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

eta

X/X

o

2.3

pp

ac

ce

pta

nc

e

RP4 (215 m)RP7 (420 m)

RP6 (340 m)RP5 (300 m)

* = 0.5 m Diffraction Dissociation (High Luminosity)

2.4

A novel detector for measuring the leading protons - the Microstation - is designed to comply with the LHC requirements.

• A compact and light detector system • Integrated with the beam vacuum chamber • Geometry and materials compatible with the machine requirements• m accuracy in sensor movements • Si strip or pixel detector technology • Robust / reliable operation

Development in cooperation with the LHC machine groups. 2.5

Microstation - initial design

Inner tube for rf fitting

Inch worm motor

Emergency actuator

Detector

Space for cables and cooling link

Space for encoder

6cm

Microstation: initial design

Note: A secondary vacuum is an option.

Helsinki group 2.10

μstation, Secondary Vacuum Implementation

Detector

Beam vacuum

Secondary vacuum

2.11

Microstation: design with secondary vacuum

Research and Development: stations

• Beam impedance, electromagnetic pick-up bench measurements, shielding.

• Alignment, mechanical stability and reliability, emergency detector retraction from the beam.

• Cooling and cryogenic system studies.• Bake-out tests, out-gassing and vacuum tests.• Study of radiation hardness of the critical components:

– motors, – connectors and feed-throughs, – flexible connections at cryogenic temperatures in vacuum.

• Detector integration, position encoders, rad hardness, r-o cables.

2.12R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava

Validation in collaboration with the LHC machine groups(as in the case of the Velo detector/LHC-b).New collaborators from Orsay & Saclay(1st meeting 29.-30.9.-03)

simulation tube

damping arrangement

tube ends with N-connectors

reference tube

simulation tube

2.13

Microstation – impedance measurementsThe Helsinki Group

Measurements at the Pohjois-Savo Polytechnical Institute – Microelectronics Laboratory

steel springs

rf damping in the end of the tube

signal input (1.9 mm Cu-wire)

60mm

Detector

Support

PitchAdapter

APV25

Hybrid

CoolingPipe

Spacer

A Silicon Detector Module/Totem4.11

n n

p

p

Back plane extented to side using p-diffusiondepletion region up to p and no guard ring is requiredsignal picked by n-strip up to p-diffusion<10m dead space at the edge of the detector

p back plane

p diffusion

n strip

2.14

• Normal strip or pad detector (with or without gr) scribed into or near active region

gr = guard ring

Active strips

Scribe line

2.15

Edgeless Si-Detectors

S. Eränen, J. Kalliopuska & T. Schulman – test structures to be manufactured at VTT/Finland

Proton Acceptance at 215, 308 and 420 m’s

Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österberg

Acc

ep

tan

ce

MM (GeV)

0%

100%

200 400 600 800 1000

all stations together

stations at 215 and 420m

station at 215m alone

station at 420m alone

Conclusions: Acceptance from 40 GeV on, stations at 308m & 420m give 50% acceptance for 130 GeV Higgs

50%

2.17

Missing Mass Resolution at 215, 308 and 420m’s

Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österbeg

M/M

M/M

M(GeV)

100

100 300 500 700

60 140 180

Conclusions: Stations at 308-420 m alone yield 1% M/M, All stations combined give 2% M/M for mH = 120 GeV

1%

4%

1%

3%

2.18

Project Activities: Tevatron

• An initial phase at Tevatron (CDF Upgrade): • invaluable training ground for students • hands-on preparation for a contribution to LHC• learn about the challenges of forward physics by using real data • provide Ph.D. students and young post-docs opportunity to gain visibility in the high-energy physics community

3.1

CDF/Tevatron represents the only active – data producing –high energy physics experiment in Finland

• The first steps : • planned participation in design and construction of hybrids/fine pitch cabels for the readout of the silicon strip detectors (run IIb) - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic • trigger development for L2 - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic• detector performance studies (tracking and b-tagging)• physics analyses (QCD, top quark studies, …)R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

Project Activities: Tevatron

3.2

Prototype fine pitch cables of 64cm length for the innermost layer (L0) of the CDF silicon upgrade for

RunIIb• First trial : convential PCB production technology (not adequate !!) • Second&third trials : design/re-design on glass mask (Terapixel/Finland) and production of short cables using glass mask (Hpetch/Sweden)

• significant improvements (especially with design changes adapted to process)

tracks too wide/pads too wide

(12 + 2)m tracks

• Next step : Full length cable produced with glass mask. design re-iterated R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

Project Activities: LHC

• a wide range of physics and detector related aspects • intensive study on physics performance simulations continue

• define the optimal layout of the detector locations / geometry• assess physics potential (together with phenomenology groups in Durham (Khoze) & Helsinki (Chaichian & Huitu)

• R&D on the microstation concept to converge • design and construction of a fully functional prototype to validate the microstation concept (Spring 2004)

•to be carried out in collaboration with:• CMS (A. DeRoeck) on Forward Spectrometer designs• TOTEM (K. Eggert) on Roman Pots/microstations, on Cryogenic Si-detectors (V.Palmieri), on edgeless Si-detectors (S. Parker, C. DaVia, VTT, Polytechnics)3.3

LHC: gluon factory with a factor ~40 enhancement in gluon-gluon luminosity (compared to Tevatron) forward physics offers clean environment for new physics, complementary to base line program

R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

The Helsinki Group - CompositionMember Position Experience Task Funding(-

03)

Avati V. PhD student Totem beam simulation HIP2

Bergholm V.1 PhD student summer student simulaton/tests grad.school2

Cwetanski P. PhD student ATLAS TRT detector tests CERN tech.student

Kalliopuska J.1 PhD student summer student Si-detector simul. HIP2

Kiiskinen A. post doc LHC R&D, Delphi simulation/tests HIP2

Kurvinen K. detector phys. LHC R&D, Delphi detector tests HIP

Lauhakangas R. DAQ eng. LHC R&D, Delphi,... DAQ HIP

Mäki T. PhD student summer student simulation/tests grad.school2

Noschis E. PhD student LHC R&D detector tests CERN tech.student

Oljemark F.1 PhD student summer student beam tests HIP2

Orava R. prof. LHC R&D, Delphi,E605 project leader HIP & UH

Palmieri V. post doc RD39, NA50... Si-detectors CERN project ass.2

Saarikko H. prof. Delphi, NA22, UA5 diffraction UH&HIP

Tapprogge S. post doc Atlas, H1, NA45 performance HIP

Österberg K. ass.prof. LHCb, Delphi detector syst UH&HIP

EU-RTN post doc CDF/SVX physics analysis EU-RTN

+ technical trainees elec., software testing Polytechnics

+ student trainees high energy phys. MoE1 Currently working on their MSc thesis 2 Foreseen source of funding

3.4

- From 1984 on, the group has been responsible for the physics driven detector contributions, detector operation, data & physics analysis in DELPHI - and produced 20 PhD’s - The fwd physics project follows this tradition

The Helsinki Group - Collaboration

Helsinki Institute of Physics Physics and detector simulation,(hip.fi) R. Orava integration&testing, project coordination

Division of High Energy Physics, Physics and detector simulation,University of Helsinki project coordination(physics.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/sefo.html)R. Orava

Durham University Phenomenology of Forward PhysicsV. Khoze

Iowa State University SimulationJ. Lamsa

Espoo-Vantaa Institute Software & firmware developmentof Technology (evitech.fi)T. Leinonen

Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic Hybrid development/RF testing/(pspt.fi) slow controls/testsA.Toppinen

Rovaniemi Polytechnic Data base/GRID(ramk.fi) J. Leino

VTT Technical Research Edgeless Si-detectors for microstationCenter of Finland (vtt.fi)S. Eränen

Institute/ Coordinator Responsibility

R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

3.5

HIP Resource Needs in 2003 - 2005

Manpower (need vs. now available by UH/HIP funding): FNAL based 1 (0) post-doc (EU-RTN), 2 (0) Ph.D. students CERN based 2 (1) post-docs, 2 (0) Ph.D. students Helsinki based 1 (1) professor 50% at CERN, 1 (1) assistant professor, 1 (0) post-docs, 4 (1) PhD students, 3 (2) laboratory staff

Instrumentation (test set-ups, prototypes)

Travel funds

TOTEM collaboration fee, construction funds

3.6R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

Impact in Finland

•Forward physics project is small and compact, fully integrated to the hep resource basis at home created through participation in DELPHI

• The High Energy Physics Laboratory• Training programs• Polytechnics• VTT

• Forward physics project is well integrated to the international efforts

• ATLAS (Rijsenbeck et al.) - CMS (A. DeRoeck) - TOTEM (K.Eggert)• CERN R&D Project on radiation hard detectors• European Commission Research Training Network “Probe for New Physics” (A. Savoy-Navarro) & “Strongnet” proposal

• CDF is currently the only physics producing hep experiment in Finland

• training students and staff for the LHC• test ground for forward physics & spectrometer

4.1

Enthusiasm for the physics potential !

R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava

Forward Physics Project: Tevatron & LHC

Basic Research

Basic Research

Applied Research

Applied Research

Education, Training

Education, Training

HIP & University of HelsinkiHIP & University of Helsinki

Technology Transfer

Technology Transfer

PolytechnicsPolytechnics

VTT & IndustriesVTT & Industries

CERN &

International Networks

CERN &

International Networks

Summary Forward Physics project offers:

• Frontline physics contributions CDF & LHC program (QCD, Top, Higgs, supersymmetry...)• Physics Problem - Simulation - Detector Development - Detector Construction - Physics Analysis Fundamental Discoveries in Physics?• Ideal Training Ground for Students & Technical

Trainees

Forward Physics projects needs:• PostDoc & PhD Positions for young & brilliant

experimentalists; several excellent candidates available • Long term & stable funding for detector R&D (DetLab!), tests, construction & operation

5.1R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava