Freight Transport and Logistics Masterplan

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Freight Transport and Logistics Masterplan

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Contents

I. Introduction 7

1. Freighttransportandlogistics–thekeytoasustainabletransportpolicy 7

2. Theimportanceoffreighttransportandlogistics 8

a) Mobilityasthebasisofpersonalfreedomandsocialinclusion 8 b) Mobilityasadriverofeconomicgrowthandjobcreation 8

3. Freighttransportandlogisticsatthecentreofsocialchange–newchallenges 11 fortransportpolicy

a) Trafficgrowthasaresultofglobalizationandanincreasingdivisionoflabour 11 b) Climatechangeandenvironmentalprotection 12 c) Demographicchange 12 d) Changedconditionsofworkandskillsrequirements 13 e) Moreexactingsafetyandsecurityrequirements 14

4. Sustainabilityasabenchmarkoftransportpolicy 15

5. Transportpolicyinsocialdialogue 16

6. ObjectivesoftheMasterplan 18

A Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure–shapingtransport 18 tomakeitmoreefficient B Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility 19 C Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways 20 D Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs 21 E Environmentallyfriendlyandclimate-friendlytransport 23 F Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry 24

7. Implementation 26

II. Measures 27

A Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure–shapingtransporttomake 27 itmoreefficient

A1 Developanddeploymoretrafficmanagementsystemsonbusysectionsof 28 federalmotorway A2 Standardizeandlinkupthetrafficmanagementsystemsonfederal 29 motorwaysnationwide A3 Speedupimplementationofthe“Developmentprogrammetoincreasethe 30 numberofparkingareasatservicestationsandrestareasonfederalmotorways” A4 Continueandintensifythemeasurestotacklecongestionbyoptimizing 31 roadworksmanagement A5 Providetrafficinformationandcommunicationsservicesforheavygoodsvehicles 32 onthemotorwaynetworkbyusingtollinformation(value-addedservices) A6 DevelopastrategytospeedupintroductionoftheEuropeanTrainControlSystem(ETCS) 33 onfreightcorridorsinGermany A7 Developanationalportsstrategy 34 A8 Developanationalairportsstrategy 36 A9 Takeconcertedactionwithshippersandthefreighttransportsectortostagger 38 freighttraffic(extendingramptimes) A10 Createafocalpoint–theFederalGovernmentCommissionerforFreight 39 TransportandLogistics

B Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility 41

B1 UrbanLogisticsInitiative 42 B2 Stepupinvestmentininnovativeandcapacity-enhancingtechnologies 43 B3 Optimizetransittraffic 44 B4 Shortseashipping 45

C Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways 47

C1 Reviewtheregulatoryframeworkforfreighttransportinintermodalcompetition 48 C2 Increasefundingforcombinedtransport 49 C3 Evolvehandlingtechnologiesandorganizationincombinedtransport 50 C4 Internalizeexternalcosts 51

D Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs 53

D1 Segregatefreightandpassengertraffic 54 D2 Reviewtherequirementplans 56 D3 PressaheadwiththeimplementationofPPPsolutionsforthespeedyandefficient 57 deliveryofmotorwaywideningandmotorwaymaintenanceprojects

E Environmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quietandsafetransport 59

E1 Developastrategytovarytollratesaccordingtotheroutedrivenandthetimeofday 60 E2 Mitigatenoiseontherailways 61 E3 Establishafinancialassistanceprogrammetoencouragetheuseofmoderntechnologies 62 toreducethenoisecausedbyrollingstock E4 Optimizeprocessesinthelogisticschaintakinggreateraccountofenvironmental 63 concerns E5 Furthertightenenvironmentalandsafetystandards(emissionsreduction,noise 64 mitigation,safetytechnology)

F Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry 65

F1 Stepuptheenforcementofsociallegislationintheroadhaulagesectortoimprove 66 roadsafety F2 Launchabasicandfurthertraininginitiative 67 F3 Holdregularsummitsonthesubjectofworkandtraininginthefreighttransport 69 andlogisticssector F4 Launchalighthouseprojecttoimprovetheinternationalprofileoflogisticscourses 70 inhighereducation F5 Monitortheworkingconditionsinthefreighttransportandlogisticssectoraspart 71 ofthemarketobservationactivitiesoftheFederalOfficeforGoodsTransport F6 Improveseafarers‘workingandlivingconditions 72

G FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractiveasacentreforlogistics 73

G1 Establishafreighttransportandlogisticsnetwork 74 G2 ImplementamarketingstrategytopromoteGermanyasacentreforlogistics 75 G3 Securitystrategyforthefreighttransportandlogisticsindustry 76

Glossary of abbreviations 77

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I. Introduction

1. Freighttransportandlogistics–thekeytoasustainabletransportpolicy

Thefutureshapeoffreighttransportwillalso decidewhatthetransportsystemasawhole inGermanywilllooklike.Atthesametime, itwillalsobecrucialindecidingwhether,in twentyyears’time,wehaveatransportsystem thatensuresmobility,prosperityandjobswhi­lereflectingenvironmentalconcerns.Andthe futureshapeoffreighttransportwillalsode­cidewhethertransportcontributestoabetter qualityoflifeorbecomesaburdenonhumans

andtheenvironment.ThatiswhytheFreight TransportandLogisticsMasterplanisadocu­mentthatsetsthedirectionfortransportpo­licyasawhole.Becausepassengerandfreight transportarecloselyinterlinked.Peopleand goodsuselargelythesameinfrastructure. Ifgoodsgetstuckinatrafficjam,peopleget heldupaswell.Freighttransportandlogistics thusplayakeyroleinoureffortstoshapeour overalltransportsystem.

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�. Theimportanceoffreighttransportandlogistics

a) Mobilityasthebasisofpersonal

freedomandsocialinclusion

Freighttransportandpassengertransport servedifferentexpectationsthatcitizenshave oftheirtransportsystem.Butitisnotonly passengertransportthatisaboutpeople.The sameappliestofreighttransportandlogistics: beitassomeonewhodispatchesororderscon­signments,beitasanoperatororanemployee inthesupplychain,beitasaconsumerofthe deliveredproducts.

Freighttransportcanonlybeviewedas partofmobilityasawhole.Thetransportand supplyofgoodsisanessentialbasisofour qualityoflifeandself-development,while formingamajorprerequisiteofsocialinterac­tion.Mobilityeducatesusbyprovidinguswith freedomofmovement,abasicconditionofour personalfreedom.Withoutmobility,neither personalself-developmentnordirectcommu­nicationwithotherpeopleispossible.Atthe

sametime,mobilityfacilitatessocialinclusion, becauseitisabsolutelyessentialifpeopleare toparticipatefullyinworkinglife,ineduca­tionandculture,andinsociallifeasawhole. Conversely,thisalsoappliestothetransport ofgoods.Freighttransportandlogisticsmove goodstowherepeopleneedthem.Indoingso, theycreatethematerialconditionsforpeople todevelopandforsocialexchange,which manifestsitselfinthetradeingoodsandpro­ducts.Andthereisanothersocialelementin­volved.Freighttransportandlogisticsservices areprovidedbypeopleforpeople.Thatiswhy thepresentMasterplanaddressesnotonlythe transportsystemassuch,butalsothecompa­niesthatoperateinthefreighttransportand logisticssectorandtheiremployees,without whoseworkfreighttransportandlogistics wouldnotfunctioninthefirstplace.

b) Mobilityasadriverofeconomic

growthandjobcreation

Mobility–beitthemobilityofpeople themselvesorthetransportofgoods–isa majorbasisofprosperityandemployment. Becausethesearebasedonproductioncha­racterizedbythedivisionoflabourandon theexchangeofproductsandservices.Fora modernindustrialandserviceeconomybased onthedivisionoflabour,transport–which,as commercialtransport,comprisesbothfreight transportandpassengertransportservices –isthusanindispensableprerequisite.

Freighttransportandlogisticsarethe linchpinofoureconomy,whichisbasedon adivisionoflabour.Companiesengagedin tradeandindustrydependonreliableand

punctualtransportoperations.Thisbecomes apparentinparticularwhenthefreighttrans­portandsupplychainfailstooperatesmooth­ly.Theresultisnotinfrequentlyalossof productionwithinaveryshortperiodoftime, andpeoplebecomeawareofsomethingthat hasbeenlargelyforgotten,giventhefactthat thetransportandlogisticssysteminGermany usuallyoperatessowell.Namelythatalmost everyjobintradeandindustrydependsdi­rectlyorindirectlyonaproperlyfunctioning logisticsandtransportsystem.

Oneofthemainreasonswhytransport isofsuchtremendousimportanceisthat theGermaneconomyisdependentonex­ports.Thecontributionmadebyexportsto Germangrossdomesticproductroseshar­plyfrom16%toover23%between1995and 2006.Thistrendwillcontinueinthefuture, withaforecastannualgrowthinexportsof

aroundthreepercent.Exportsarethusthe crucialgrowthengineoftheGermaneco­nomy.Theimportofintermediateproducts –likewiseontherise–alsomakesacontri­butiontothis.Germanyisahigh-technology location.Assuch,itisbecomingincreasingly dependent,withintheframeworkofaglo­baldivisionoflabour,onimportedinputs, whoseprocessingandfinalassemblyin Germanycreatesjobsandsafeguardsthe competitivenessofGermancompanies.

However,thisdynamismwouldnotbe possiblewithoutaproperlyfunctioning freighttransportandlogisticssystem.This transportsystemrepresentsasignificant locationaladvantageinglobalcompetition. ItmakesGermanyamoreattractiveplacefor foreigninvestorsandhelpstocreatenewjobs intradeandindustry.Thismeansthatfreight transportandlogisticsareamajorprerequi­

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siteforensuringthecompetitivenessofthe Germaneconomyonalong-termbasis.

Asaresultofthiseconomicimportance, thelogisticssectoritselfhasgrownsteadilyin recentyears:

• Thelogisticssector,whichtodaydirectly employsover2.6millionpeople,isoneof thelargestandmostdynamicallydevelo­pinglabourmarketsinGermany.

• Withanestimatedturnoverofaround 836billioneuros(EU27plusNorwayand Switzerland,2006figures),thelogistics industryoccupiesthirdpositioninthe leaguetableofmajorEuropeaneconomic sectors,onlyjustbehindtheconstruction andfoodindustriesandwayaheadofthe metalworkingandautomotiveindustries.

• Withaturnoverof189billioneurosand a21%share,Germanyisbyfarthemost importantEuropeanlogisticsmarket.1

Freighttransportandlogisticsthusform animportant–andoftenunderestimated –basisofourprosperity.Theyaredriversof economicgrowthandemployment.

Thepoliticalpartiesthatmakeupthe FederalGovernmenthaverecognizedthis importance.Inthecoalitionagreementof 11November2005,theyagreedtocontinueto consolidate“Germany’sleadingpositionasa logisticshub”,topromote“aninternational­lycompetitiveframeworkforGermanyasa logisticshub”and“inparticular,tomakethe

transportsystemasawholemoreefficientfor freighttransportandtooptimizeutilizationof thetransportinfrastructure.”

Onthisbasis,theFederalMinisterof Transport,BuildingandUrbanAffairsseized theinitiativeforthedevelopmentofaFreight TransportandLogisticsMasterplancovering awidecross-sectionofsociety.Thefactthat thisinitiativehasattractedgreatparticipation fromindustry,academiaandnon-governmen­talorganizationsillustratesthattheshaping ofourfreighttransportandlogisticssystem isakeyissueofsustainablesocietalmoderni­zation,andthatpeoplebelievethereisagreat needforactioninthissphere.

Thankstoitstechnology-oriented measures,inparticular,theFreightTransport andLogisticsMasterplanmakesacontributi­ontotheinnovationpolicyobjectivesofthe FederalGovernment’shigh-techstrategyin the“vehicleandtransporttechnology”fieldof innovation.

�. Freighttransportandlogisticsatthecentreofsocial change–newchallengesfortransportpolicy

Germanyhasoneofthemostmodern transportinfrastructuresintheworld,witha denseandefficientnetworkofroads,railways, waterways,portsandairports.Thelogistics systemshavebeendevelopedtoaveryhigh standard.TheFederalGovernment’sobjec­tiveistolastinglysecuretheleadingposition thatGermanyenjoysinfreighttransportand logisticsandintransportinfrastructure.To achievethisgoal,boththepublicandprivate sectorshavetoaddresstheeconomic,social andecologicalchallenges.

a) Trafficgrowthasaresultofglobalization

andanincreasingdivisionoflabour

Thefirstand,atthesametime,keychal ­lengetowhichtheFederalGovernmentis

respondingwiththisMasterplanisthedrastic riseintheleveloffreighttrafficthatislikely asaresultofglobalizationandincreasing divisionoflabourintheeconomy.Increasing specializationanddivisionoflabourwilllead toafurtherriseininternationaltrade.The resultwillbethatmoreandmoregoodsare transportedoverincreasinglylongdistances. Thismeansthatthereislikelytobeasharpin­creaseinthedemandforlogisticsandfreight transportservices.

Ifwedonotreacttothis,theresultwillbe thattonne-kilometresinGermanyarelikely toriseby71%between2004and2025.Inthe roadhaulagesector,thisrisewillbehigher (79%)andinlong-distanceroadhaulageit willbeashighas84%.2Moreover,sincethis risewilldifferfromoneregiontothenext,itis likelythatfreighttrafficlevelswillalmostdou ­bleonsometrunkroads.Ifthisforecastrise weretobecomereality,itwouldmean:where todayonelaneofamotorwayisusedbyheavy goodsvehicles,injustundertwentyyearstwo laneswouldbenecessarytocopewiththe increasedvolumeoffreighttraffic.Inaddition, passengertrafficwillalsoincrease,although atamuchlowerrate(19%).

Itisobviousthatsuchgrowthpresents transportpolicymakerswithgreatchallenges. Theyhavetoensurethateconomicgrowth andjobs,onwhichwedependtosecureour prosperity,arenotconstrictedbybottlenecks inthetransportsystem.Inadequatetransport

1 DatafromFraunhoferInstituteforIntegratedCircuits–WorkingGroupforTechnologiesintheLogisticsServicesIndustry(2005):

2 IntraplanConsultGmbHandBVUBeratergruppeVerkehr+UmweltGmbH(2007):PrognosederdeutschlandweitenVerkehrsver-

LogistikstandortDeutschland;FraunhoferInstituteforIntegratedCircuits–WorkingGroupforTechnologiesinLogisticsSer­ flechtungen2025,R&DNo96.0857/2005,commissionedbytheFederalMinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs. vices(2007):TOP100inEuropeanTransportandLogisticsServices.

1� Introduction Introduction 1�

infrastructurewouldhaveanadverseimpact notonlyontheGermaneconomybutonour mobilityasawhole.Becausecongestionaf­fectsgoodsandpeoplealike.Thismeansthat increasinglevelsoffreighttrafficwillaggra ­vatetheconflictswithpassengertraffic.Thus, itisnotjustaquestionofensuringtheproper functioningofourfreighttransportsystem asabasisofcompetitivenessandeconomic growth.Thechallengealsoinvolvesorgani­zingfreighttransportinsuchawaythatithas aslittleadverseimpactaspossibleonpeople’s mobility–morespecificallyonpassenger transport.

b) Climatechangeandenvironmental

protection

Moretraffic,ifitisnotorganizedmoreef­ficiently,alsomeansmoreemissionsofpollut­antsandCO²,morenoiseandmorelandtake. Inaddition,theenergyconsumedbytransport causesproblems,because71%ofalltransport intheEuropeanUnionisdependentonpe­troleum,andintheroadtransportsectorthis figurerisesto97%.Moreover,transportisre ­sponsibleforaround20%ofallCO²emissions intheEU.Roadhaulageaccountsforaround onethirdofallCO emissionsfromroadtrans­²port.AsCO²emissionsfromprivatetransport continuetodeclineandthevolumeofroad haulageincreasesaspredicted,thisratiowill increasinglydeterioratetothedisadvantageof roadhaulage.Andthereisanotherfactorhere. Giventhefactthatthecostandenergyeffi ­ciencyoflargedieselenginesisalreadyhigh today,thetechnologicalscopeforconceivable furthersavingsinheavygoodsvehicleengines islimited–unlikepassengercarengines–and, moreover,thesesavingswillnotbepossiblein theshortterm.

Thisbringsustothesecondmajorchallen­geaddressedbythisMasterplan.Wehaveto maketransportenvironmentallyacceptable andclimate-friendlyandshapeitinsuchaway thatithasaslittleadverseimpactaspossible onourqualityoflife.Thismeansthattrans­porthastoconsumelessenergyandbecome moreefficient,cleanerand,notleast,quieter. Thisisalsointhefreighttransportsector’s owninterests,andtheyrealizethis.Because noise,environmentalpressuresandhealthha­zardscausedbyfreighttrafficwill,inthelong run,meanthatthepopulationislesswillingto acceptfreighttransport.

c) Demographicchange

AccordingtoforecastsbytheFederalSta­tisticaloffice,thepopulationofGermanywill

declinefromitspresentfigureof82.5million toaround74millionby2050.3

However,becauseoftheaforementioned impactsofgreaterspecializationanddivision oflabour,thisdeclinewillnot,inthemedium term,resultinadropinfreighttrafficlevels. However,demographicchangedoespresent transportpolicymakerswithsignificant challengesinthatthepopulationtrendswill differwidelyfromoneregiontothenextand, asaresult,therewillberegionaldifferencesin thewayinwhichthegrowthoffreighttraffic flowsevolves.Whereasinsomeregionsthere islikelytobeonlyamoderateriseinthelevel offreighttraffic,therewillbemuchmore pronouncedgrowthinthevolumeoffreight trafficonthemaintransportarteriesleading toandfromseaportsandbetweenthemajor conurbations.Theseregionallydifferentiated trendsmeanthatthefreighttransportin­dustrywillhavetomakemajoradjustments. Butitisuptotransportpolicymakers,more thananyoneelse,toestablishinfrastructure investmentprioritiesthatreflectthedifferent requirements.Investmentintheforeseeable pinchpointsinthetransportsystemonthe mainarterieswillthusbeofkeyimportance. Thiswillalsobenefitthepopulationinless favouredareas,becauseregionswithadecli­ningpopulationandlowertrafficgrowthare alsodependentonthesupplyofgoodsviathe busymainsupplyarteriesbeingsecure.

Demographicchangeimpactsonthe freighttransportandlogisticssysteminano­therrespect.Itentailschangedlogisticsand mobilityrequirementsofanageingpopula­tionand,asaresult,presentsthetransport

3 FederalStatisticalOffice(2006):11thcoordinated

populationprojection.

andlogisticsindustrywithanopportunity todevelopnewlogisticsproductsandtap intonewmarkets.Therisingproportionof elderlyconsumerscallsforarethinknotonly inproductdevelopmentandmarketing,but alsoinlogisticsservices.Thiscouldresultina wideningoftherangeoflogisticsservices,for instancebytheestablishmentofspecialdeli­veryandtransportservices.Thus,therising averageageofthepopulationwillalsonot resultinlesstraffic.Rather,thereislikelyto beariseinthenumberofdelivery,homeand healthcareservices.Thisisyetanotherreason why,despiteadecliningpopulation,therewill beafurtherincreaseinpassengerandtonne kilometres.

d) Changedconditionsofworkand

skillsrequirements

Itistruethatoperatorsinthefreight transportandlogisticssectorbenefitfrom therisingdemandforfreighttransportthat increasingglobalizationandspatialand functionaldivisionoflabourinvolve.Butthey

1� Introduction Introduction 1�

alsofaceincreasingchallengesinthattheyare confrontedwithagrowingdemandforlabour whiletheworkforceitselfisshrinking.Today, already,manyfieldsofthefreighttransport andlogisticssectorareexperiencingdifficulty inrecruitingskilledpersonnel.Anageingand decliningpopulationwillmakeitevenmore difficulttomeetthedemandforskilledlabour inthedecadesahead.Thus,thelogisticssec­tor,likeGermanindustryasawhole,facesthe challengeofpreventingaslowdowningrowth causedbylowermanpowerresourcesresul­tingfromdemographicchange.

Atthesametime,advancingspecializa ­tion,technologicalinnovationsandincrea­singinternationalcompetitionareradically changingtheconditionsofworkandtheskills requirementsforpeopleemployedinthe freighttransportandlogisticssector,44%of whomwerewithoutvocationaltrainingas recentlyas2004.4 Risingskillsrequirements couldmeanthattheshortageofskilledlabour becomesaproblemforlogisticsoperatorsin themediumterm.Theworkforceisbecoming akeyfactorforthesuccessfuldevelopment ofthelogisticsandtransportindustry.Inthe future,therefore,itscompetitivenesswillde­pendprimarilyonwhetheroperatorssucceed intrainingtheiremployeestogivethemthe skillstheyrequireand–giventhattheirwork willbecomemoredemanding–inmotivating them.Here,in-companybasicandfurther trainingwillplayakeyrole.

Atthesametime,increasingglobal competitionwillintensifythecompetitive environmentinwhichthefreighttransport

industryanditsworkforceoperate.Logistics takesplaceworldwideandaroundtheclock. Operatorsandtheirworkforcewillfaceincrea­singpressuretomeettightdeliverydeadlines. Inadditiontostafftraining,therefore,the creationofgoodworkingconditionsisakey taskthatoperatorshavetoaddress.Itisthere­sponsibilityofthegovernmenttoenacteffec­tivesociallegislationandmonitorcompliance withit.

e) Moreexactingsafetyandsecurity

requirements

Risinglevelsoffreighttraffic,theincre ­asingworkloadofpeopleemployedinthe freighttransportindustry,plusthehigher averageageofroadusersresultingfromde­mographicchangeandthethreatofnatural disastersmeanthattransportpolicymakers arehavingtofocusmoreonquestionsof transportsafety.Inaddition,thereisaneedfor transportsecuritytoprotectthesupplychains againstthethreatposedbyterrorists.

Globalizationandtheassociatedinterde ­pendencebetweennationaleconomieshave madefreighttransportandlogisticsmore vulnerable.TheFederalGovernmentconsiders ittobeajointtasktoenhancethesecurityof thesupplychainsandthusalsoofthepeople employedinthefreighttransportindustry. Whatisneedediscontinuousinternational agreementonhowtoensuresecurityfor transportandtradeflows.Lastingsafetyand securityincross-bordertransportisonlypos­siblethroughinternationalcooperation.The challengeconsistsoforganizingthemeasures

requiredforenhancingsafetyandsecurityin suchawaythattheyhaveaslittleadverseim­pactaspossibleontheabilityofthetransport systemtooperateefficientlyandspeedilyand

thatthefinancialandadministrativeburdens onoperatorsandthepublicauthoritiesaremi­nimized,whileensuringthatthepopulationis suppliedinanoptimummanner.

�. Sustainabilityasabenchmarkoftransportpolicy

Inachangingenvironment,preserving mobilitymeansreshapingtransport.Thisis theresponsibilityofgovernment,industryand civilsociety.

Inthiscontext,theFederalGovernmentis guidedbytheprincipleofsustainability.This

means,firstandforemost,thattransportpo ­licyistheretoservepeople,andthatincludes futuregenerations.Transportpolicymustbe fashionedinsuchawaythatmobilityremains possible,asthebasisofindividualdevelop­mentandsocialexchange,andthatthefoun­dationsofourprosperityarepreserved.Toput

FraunhoferInstituteforIntegratedCircuits–WorkingGroupforTechnologiesintheLogisticsServicesIndustry(2006):Stand undEntwicklungderLogistikinDeutschland,commissionedbytheFederalMinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

4

1� Introduction Introduction 1�

itanotherway,themobilityweenjoytoday andthewayinwhichweshapeourtransport systemanditsinfrastructuremustnotbeat theexpenseofthemobilityandqualityoflife ofourchildrenandgrandchildren.

TheFederalGovernment’stransportpo­licyisthusbasedonthethreebenchmarksof sustainableaction:

1. Theeconomicbenchmark–transportisto

makealastingcontributiontoprosperity, employmentandthecompetitivenessof theGermaneconomy,withoutimpacting excessivelyonotherlanduses.Competiti­on,asadriverofqualityandefficiency,is ofgreatimportancehere.

2. Theecologicalbenchmark–transportis tobeshapedinsuchawaythatnatural

�. Transportpolicyinsocialdialogue

Sustainability,asthecombinationof economic,ecologicalandsocialrequirements, cannotbeachievedunlessallstakeholdersare involved.Thus,fromtheoutset,theprocessof developingtheMasterplanaimedtolinkup playersfromindustry,academia,government andcivilsocietyonabroadbasisandtoover­comestructuresofthinkingandworkingthat are“setinstone”.Tolaunchsuchajointpro­cessofdevelopmentandlearning,theFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairsstagedanumberofthematicwork­shopswithexpertsfromindustry,academia, authoritiesofthefederalstatesandassocia­tions(includingunions,tradeassociationsand environmentalistgroups).

resourcesandthusalsothequalityoflife ofthepresentandfuturegenerationsare preserved.

3. Thesocialbenchmark–transportistoen­ableeveryonetoparticipateinpubliclife. Transportpolicythushasasocialrespon­sibility–foraffordablemobility,forsafety andfairnessintransportandforgood workingconditionsforpeopleemployed inthefreighttransportindustry.

TheFederalGovernmenthasthusadopted anintegralapproachinthisMasterplan.The aimsofthemeasurescontainedintheMaster­planareeconomicefficiency,environmental friendlinessandsocialresponsibility.

Atotalofover700participantscontribut­edtheirexpertiseandexperience.Theresults ofthisdialogueprocesshavebeendrawn togetherinalistwithproposedmeasures. ThisMasterplanistheoutcomeofaprocess inwhichthefederalstates,associationsand FederalGovernmentdepartmentswereinvol­ved.Thiswasfollowedbyaprocessofassess­mentbytheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs,duringwhichthe othergovernmentdepartmentshadanoppor­tunitytoprovidecomments.

InSeptember2007,theFederalMinister ofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairsset outhisbenchmarkforassessingtheproposals

foractionresultingfromthedialoguepro­cessinthe“TransportPolicyGuidancefora FreightTransportandLogisticsMasterplan”. Inlinewiththisguidance,andasaresultof theconsultationsbetweenthegovernment departments,withthefederalstatesand stakeholdersfromindustry,academiaand associations,thepresentMasterplanofthe FederalGovernmenthasbeendevelopedfor thefuturedirectionoffreighttransportin Germany.Giventhelargenumberofenvi­sagedtargetsandproposedmeasures,not allofwhichwereconvergent,theaimofthe Masterplanwastocarryoutaninitialpriori­

tization,whichwillbecontinuouslyreviewed andupdatedinaccordancewiththecriteriaof sustainability(includingthefinancialcriteria).

Responsibilityforimplementingthe measuresenumeratedinthisMasterplan lieswiththedifferentplayers.Thus,foreach measure,theMasterplanstateswhoisrespon­sibleforitsimplementation.Andthesameap­pliestoimplementationasappliedtothepro­cessofdevelopingtheMasterplan.Itwillnot beasuccessunlessallsidescontinuetobewil­lingtoengageinadialogueandtocooperate.

1� Introduction Introduction 1�

AstheEuropeanUniongrowsmoreclosely together,transportpolicyhastobeconceived andplannedinEuropeanterms.Therewas anintensiveexchangeofviewsbetweenthe FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairsandtheEuropeanCommission. ThatisthereasonwhytheFreightTransport andLogisticsMasterplanandtheEU’sAction

�. ObjectivesoftheMasterplan

A Makingoptimumuseoftransport

infrastructure–shapingtransport

tomakeitmoreefficient

Inviewoftheconsiderablegrowthin trafficandthetightconstraintsonpublic funding,theFederalGovernment’sforemost objectiveistoenhanceefficiencyandtomake

PlanforFreightTransportLogistics,whichwas presentedintheautumnof2007,areseam­lesslylinkedandcomplementeachother.Itis nowimperativethatwecontinuethisdialogue withthegreaterinvolvementofourEuropean neighbours,someofwhomhavelikewisestar­tedtodevelopmasterplans.

optimumuseoftheexistingcapacityinherent inourtransportsystem.Itwillnotbepossible tocopewiththeexpectedadditionaltraffic volumebysimplyconstructingnewandup­gradingexistingtransportinfrastructure.For financialandeconomicreasons,forreasons ofnatureconservationandlandscapeprotec­tion,toensurethatlandisavailableforagricu­

lturalproductionandtopreventanyfurther deteriorationinthequalityoflifeofpeople livingalongtransportroutes,itisimperative thatoptimumusebemadeoftheexisting infrastructureinordertolimitupgradingand newconstructiontothatwhichisabsolutely essentialandtofocussuchworkprimarilyon removingbottlenecksinthetransportsystem.

TheFederalGovernment’saimisthus tobetterinterlinktheindividualmodesof transportaspartofanintegratedtransport systeminordertomakeoptimumuseofthe strengthsinherentineachmodeandenhance thecapacityofthesystemasawhole.Within theframeworkofsuchanintegratedtransport strategy,theFederalGovernmentattaches greatimportancetoseaports,inlandportsand airportsaskeypointsofinterchangebetween thedifferentmodesoftransport.TheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAf­fairswillthereforepresentaNationalAirports StrategyandaNationalPortsStrategyinorder toenhancethecompetitivenessofGerman portsandairportsandimprovethelinks betweenthesetransporthubsandtheinter-ur­bantransportnetwork.Inthefuture,itwillbe importantnotonlytomakegreateruseofthe environmentallyfriendlyinlandwaterways butalsotomakegreateruseofthepotential inherentinmaritimeshippingovermedium distances(shortseashipping).Bydoingso,it willbepossibletoreducetheleveloffreight carriedbyroadandrailandfreeupadditional capacityinthosemodes.

Inaddition,theFederalGovernmentwill significantlyexpandtheuseofelectronic trafficcontrolandmanagementsystemsin allmodesinordertoachievebettercontrolof

trafficflows,whichinturnwillspreadtheload ontransportinfrastructuremoreevenlyand enhancethecapacityoftheinfrastructure. Inthefederaltrunkroadssector,theaimisto significantlyreducecongestionbyinstalling furtheractiveandstrategictrafficmanage ­mentsystems,byallowingmovingtrafficto usethehardshoulderatcertaintimesand byintroducingaroadworksmanagement systemthatminimizescongestion.Onthe railwaysandwaterways,latentcapacityisto besystematicallyunlockedbyusingmodern telematicstechnologies.Atthesametime,all thesemeasureswillhelptoenhancetransport safety.

Ifanintegrated,high-capacitytransport systemistobepreservedonapermanentba­sis,itisabsolutelyessentialthatthelong-term functionalityoftransportinfrastructurebe ensuredinthefaceoftheforeseeableimpacts ofclimatechange.TheFederalMinistryof Transport,BuildingandUrbanAffairswillthe­reforereviewthepotentialinherentininland waterwaysinaresearchprogramme,against thebackgroundofclimatechange,anddeve­lopadaptationstrategiesinordertoensurethe long-termfutureofinlandnavigationinGer­manyasanenvironmentallyfriendlymodeof transport.

B Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–

ensuringmobility

Inadditiontomakingbetteruseofexis­tingtransportinfrastructure,anotheroverri­dingobjectiveoftheFederalGovernmentisto avoidunnecessaryfreightmileagewherever thisispossiblewithouthavinganadverse impactontheeconomy.Withoutproactive

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transportpolicymeasures,therisinglevelsof freighttrafficwouldnotonlyhaveasignifi ­cantimpactontheenvironmentandpeople’s qualityoflife.Theywouldalsoentailtherisk ofourmobilitycomingtoastandstillintotal gridlockoncertaintransportarteries.Thishas tobeprevented.

Withregardtofreighttransport,theFede­ralGovernmentthusbelievesthatmaximum efficiencyintrafficmanagement,optimized controloflogisticsprocessesandtheremoval ofbottlenecksinthetransportsystemare absolutelyessentialtoensurethatavoidable journeysdonotactuallytakeplace.Avoiding

unnecessaryjourneysbymeansofgreateref­ficiencywillcutoperators’costsandthusalso benefittheindustry.Logisticsstrategieshave tobeevolvedsothatfreighttransportopera­tionscanbeconsolidatedwhereverpossible (e.g.incitylogistics)andincentiveshavetobe createdforanevergreaterreductioninthe

Introduction

numberofemptyjourneys.Itisuptoopera­torstostepuptheirinvestmentininnovative technologiesandmaketheircontributionto avoidingunnecessaryjourneys.

Inaddition,theFederalGovernmentwill vigorouslylobbyatEuropeanleveltoensure thattransittrafficinandthroughEurope movesefficientlyandsustainably.Germanyre ­cognizesitsEuropeanresponsibilityasatrans ­porthubandtransitcountry.Thatiswhyitis necessary,inEurope,tofindwaysofstrengthe ­ningtheLisbonprocessandminimizingthe impactoftransittrafficontheenvironment andqualityoflife.

C Shiftingmoretraffictotherailways

andinlandwaterways

TheFederalGovernmentispursuingthe objectiveofshiftingmuchmoretraffictothe railwaysandwaterways.Forthisreason,itwill establisharegulatoryframeworkandinvest­mentprioritiesthatwillenabletherailmode toincreaseandsustainitsshareoffreight trafficby2025.Themeasuresdesignedto strengthenrailfreightmayatthesametime helptoenhancethecapacityoftherailwaysin thepassengersector.

Strengtheningtherailwaysandwater­waysisamajorcontributiontowardsmaking ourtransportsystemmoreclimate-friendly andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Inaddi­tion,shiftingtraffictotherailwaysandwa ­terwayswillalsohelptofreeupcapacityon theroadsandtacklecongestion.Thus,road transportwillalsobenefitfromastrengthe ­ningoftherailwaysandwaterways.Itisthus innowayaquestionofplayingtheindividual modesoffagainsteachother.Rather,theFede­

ralGovernment’saimisthat,withinaninte­gratedtransportsystem,theindividualmodes shouldbeusedandinterlinkedinsuchaway thattheycandeploytheirinherentstrengths inanoptimummanner.

TheFederalGovernmentsupports measuresthatwillresultinmorecompetition inrailtransport.Europeanintegration,with theopening-upofthemarketforinternational railfreight,isthusviewedpositively.TheFede­ralGovernmentsupportsthecontinuationof Europeanliberalizationefforts.Thefactthat thereisstillalackofharmonizationmustnot beusedasanexcusebyindividualcountries toback-pedalonliberalizationorsuspendit. Enhancingcompetitioninrailtransportwill improveitscompetitivenessvis-à-vistheother modesoftransport.Astartshouldbemade byevolvingtheregulatoryframework.The FederalGovernmentwillalsolobbyatEuro­peanlevelforfairconditionsofcompetition betweenthemodesoftransport.

D Upgradingmoretransportarteries

andhubs

Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys,efficient trafficmanagementandamodalshiftwillnot, bythemselves,besufficienttosecureourmo ­bilityinthelongterm.Therearealreadynoti­ceablebottlenecksinourtransportinfrastruc­ture,andthevolumeoftrafficisforecastto risesignificantly.Againstthisbackground, theFederalGovernmentwillstepupitsefforts toupgradethetransportinfrastructureona humanscaleandinanenvironmentallysound manner.Indoingso,itwilltakeaccountof noisemitigationaswellastheotheraspects ofenvironmentalprotectionandnature conservation,plustheinterestsofagriculture andforestry.Plansaretobegearedtoaneven greaterextenttotheneedsofthepeopleinthe localcommunities.

Inordertotakeaccountofthefuture upgradingrequirementsaswellastherising

�� Introduction Introduction ��

expenditurenecessaryforthemaintenance ofexistingnetworksresultingfromthein­creasingwearandtearonthetransport infrastructure,whichtodayalreadyconsu­mesalmosttwothirdsoftotalinvestment intransportinfrastructur5,theFederal Governmenthasincreasedthefederalfun­dingavailableforinvestmentintransport infrastructure.Itcallsonthefederalstates andlocalauthoritiestolikewisesignificantly increasetransportinvestmentintheirareasof responsibility.Despiterisingexpenditureon maintenance,thefinancialscopeforatarge ­tedupgradingofthetransportinfrastructure istobeensuredinthefuture,givingdue considerationtobudgetaryrequirements.

Despiterisinglevelsofinvestment,itis stillnecessarytodefineprioritiesinupgra ­dinginfrastructure.Here,itisnecessaryto takeaccountoftheconsiderabledifferences intraffictrends.Forthisreason,theFederal Governmentwillgiveprioritytoupgrading thosetransportarteriesandhubswherethere arealreadycapacityconstraintstodayor wheresuchconstraintsarelikelyinthemedi­umtermbecausetrafficvolumesarerisingata disproportionatelyhighrate,andthosearte­riesandhubswhereanappropriateadaptation ofthetransportsystemwouldmakeitpossible tobetterexploitexistingsparecapacity.This applies,forinstance,tothesomeoftheroutes toandfromportsandsomenorth-southrou­

5 Cf.FederalMinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs(2007):Investitionsrahmenplanbis2010

fürdieVerkehrsinfrastrukturdesBundes.

tes,whichhavealmostreachedtheircapacity limitstodayandwillhavetocopewithadis­proportionatelyhighgrowthintrafficlevelsin thefuture.Upgradingthesebottlenecksinour transportsystemwillalsobenefittheprovi ­sionoflinkstoruralareas–includingthosea longwayawayfromtheactualconstruction works.Becausethecreationofadequateca­pacityforfreightandpassengertrafficonthe busiestmaintransportarteriesisabsolutely essentialifpeopleandgoodsaretobeable,in thefuture,toreacheverycornerofourcoun­tryquicklyandpunctually.Atthesametime, prioritizationalsohastoconsidertheobjec ­tivesofstructuralpolicy,whichaimtoensure balanceddevelopmentthroughoutGermany.

Againstthebackgroundoftherising levelsoffreighttraffic,butalsothewidelydif­feringlevelsoftrafficonindividualroutes,the FederalGovernmentwillconsiderwhether, andifsohow,therequirementplansand capitalbudgetingfortheroads,railwaysand waterwayshavetobeadaptedtothechanged traffictrendsandeconomicdevelopments.

Inordertoenhancetheefficiencyofthe maintransportarteries,theFederalGovern­mentisseekingagreaterseparation(“segre­gation”)ofslowerfreighttrafficandfaster passengertraffic,forinstancebymeansof lanemanagementbasedontrafficvolumeson motorwaysandagreaterseparation,interms ofspaceandtime,offreightandpassenger servicesontherailways.Here,too,thiswill notbepossibleunlessthebusiestroutesare upgradedinatargetedmanner.Inthecase ofthemotorways,thismeanssystematically wideningthemtosixlanes.Inthecaseofthe railways,itmeansthespeedydeliveryofthose projectsidentifiedinthe2003FederalTrans ­

portInfrastructurePlanasbeingessential foraneffectivesegregationoflong-distance passengerservicesandfreightservices.

E Environmentallyfriendlyand

climate-friendlytransport

Tomorrow’stransportistobequiet,clean, efficientandclimate-friendly.Aspartofthe effortstocombatclimatechange,therehasto beafurtherreductioninthespecificCO²emis­sionsfromtransport.Theobjectiveofredu­cinggreenhousegasemissionsby40%by2020 comparedwith1990levels,whichwasreaf­firmedintheIntegratedEnergyandClimate ChangeProgramme,meansthatthetransport sectorwillalsohavetomakeasubstantial contribution.Inthisprogramme,theFederal Governmenthasalreadyreachedagreement onanumberofmeasuresaffectingthetrans­portsector.Theyincludetheintroductionof mandatoryCO²limitsforpassengercarsatEU level,increasingtheshareofbiofuels–prefer­ablysecond-generationbiofuels–infuelcon­sumptionto20%by2020,theclimatepassport forpassengercars,theintroductionofa carbon-andpollutant-basedmotorvehicletax fornewlyregisteredpassengercarsandthe inclusionofaviationandshippinginemissions trading.However,giventheforecastgrowthin trafficlevels,itisobviousthatreducingspeci ­ficenergyconsumptionandCO²emissionsby technologicalmeansalonewillnotbesuffici ­ent.ThemeasuressetoutinthisMasterplanto optimizethetransportsystem,toshifttraffic totherailwaysandwaterways,tomakefreight transportoperationsmoreefficient,toopti ­mizeuseofexistingtransportinfrastructure, andtheothermeasurestorelievecongestion ontheroads,especiallyextendingtherange ofpublictransportservices,thusalsoservethe

�� Introduction Introduction ��

purposeoffurtherreducingenergyconsump­tionandCO²emissionsinthetransportsector. Inaddition,actionisalsotobetakentomi­nimizetheuseofagriculturalandwoodland areasandnatureconservationandlandscape protectionsites,includingthelandneededin compensation.

OneoftheFederalGovernment’smajor objectivesistoreducethenoiseassociated withfreighttransport.TheFederalMinistry ofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairshas

launchedaNationalTrafficNoiseMitigation Package,whichaddressesnoisemitigation measuresinallmodesoftransport.Inparticu­lar,thedesiretoattractmoretraffictotherail ­waysislinkedtotheobjectiveofsignificantly reducingthenoisecausedbyrailfreight.In additiontostructuralmeasuressuchasnoise barriers,theFederalGovernmenthaslaun­chedapilotprojecttopromotetheretrofit­tingoffreightwagonswithcompositebrake blocks,whichwillresultinalastingreduc­tionofthenoisecausedbyfreighttrains.Itis alsoseekingadifferentiationoftrackaccess

chargesbasedonnoiseemissions,inorderto createaneconomicincentivetospeedupthe retrofittingofthefreightwagonfleet.AtEuro ­peanlevel,itwilllobbyvigorouslyforconcrete agreementsonimprovednoisemitigation measuresinthewagonfleet.

However,protectionagainsttrafficnoi ­seisnotsolelyaresponsibilityofthestate. TheFederalGovernmentthereforebelieves thatoperatorsthemselvesareresponsible forperceptiblyreducingfreighttrafficnoise bypurchasinglow-noisevehiclesintheroad haulagesectorandbyretrofittingthewagon fleetintherailfreightsector.Thisisinthe operators’owninterests,andtheyrealizethis, becausethenoisecausedbyfreighttraffic andtheassociatedimpairmentofpeople’s qualityoflifewill,inthelongrun,meanthat thepopulationislesswillingtoacceptfreight transport,therebyjeopardizingtheeconomic foundationofoperators.

F Goodworkingconditionsand

goodtraininginthefreight

transportindustry

TheFederalGovernmentisfirmlycommit­tedtoimprovingbasicandfurthertraining andensuringgoodworkingconditionsinthe freighttransportandlogisticssector.Tothis end,itwilllaunchcontinuouscollaboration betweenallthemajorstakeholders–notonly governmentbodiesbutalso,andinparticular, operators,theappropriatetradeassociations andtheunions.

Thepeopleemployedinthefreighttrans­portandlogisticssectorareespeciallyaffected bythechangesinthetransportsectordescri­bedatthebeginningofthisdocument.Atthe

sametime,theyrepresentthekeyfactorinen­suringthattheGermanlogisticsandtransport industryenjoysadevelopmentthatissuccess­fulinthelongterm.Investmentinthetraining oftheirworkforceisthusjustasimportantfor thecompetitivenessofoperatorsasinvest­mentintechnologyandtheirvehiclefleet.It isalreadybecomingapparentthattherewill beashortageofskilledlabour.Tocounterthis, thebasicandfurthertrainingsystemshaveto bestrengthenedandevolvedtomeetthemore exactingrequirements.

TheFederalGovernment,togetherwith operators,tradeassociations,chambersof industryandcommerce,andunions,will thuslaunchabasicandfurthertrainingdrive beforetheendof2008andincorporateit intotheskillsinitiativeforGermany.Regu­larindustrysummits,towhichtheFederal Governmentwillinvitetheaforementioned players,willbeheldtoachievecontinuous collaborationtoimprovethebasicandfurther trainingsituationonthelogisticsmarket. TheFederalGovernmentalsobelievesthat operatorsshouldcreateadditionalapprenti­ceships,astheypledgedtodointheNational PactforTrainingandYoungSkilledWorkers inGermanyof5March2007,andimprove jobskillsinordertolaythefoundationson whichtheywillbeablemeettheirrising demandforskilledlabourinthefuture.

Logisticscoursesinhighereducation, despitebeingofoutstandingquality,haveso fartendedtoreceivelittleattention.Inorder toimprovetheprofileofthissubject,theFede ­ralGovernmentwilllobbyforthecreationof aninternationallyrecognizedcourseofstudy thatprovidesbasicandfurthertraininginthe fieldoflogisticsandthatiscloselylinkedwith

internationallyoperatingcompaniesinthe sectorandtheleadingresearchinstitutions.

Inaddition,theFederalGovernmentwill tasktheFederalOfficeforGoodsTransport withevaluatingtheworkingconditionsinthe freighttransportandlogisticssectorannually aspartofitsobservationofthefreighttrans­portmarket.Inordertoensuregoodworking conditionsinviewoftheincreasingpressure tomeettightdeliverydeadlinesthatthose employedinthesectorarefacing,itisabso­lutelyessentialthatoperatorscomplywith sociallegislationandprovisionsgoverning healthandsafetyatwork,roadsafetyandthe carriageofdangerousgoods.Unlessthereis significantprogresshere,theFederalGovern ­ment,incooperationwiththefederalstates, willstepupcheckstopreventsocialdumping andnon-compliancewithlegislation.Itisin theinterestsofeveryoperatortocomplywith theappropriaterulesandregulations.Because satisfied,motivatedandhealthyworkersfrom thebasisofalllong-termeconomicsuccess.

�� Introduction Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– �� shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

�. Implementation

InordertomakeGermanyevenmore attractiveasacentreforlogistics,allstakehol­derscan,andmust,makeacontribution,each intheirownareaofresponsibility.TheFederal Government,federalstatesandlocalauthori­tiesareresponsibleforcreatingtheregulatory frameworkandpreparingtheinfrastructure forthetremendousgrowththatliesahead.

TheMasterplandescribestheframework offreighttransportpoliciesthattheFederal Governmentbelievesshouldhavepriority. Substantialfundingisavailableinthefinan ­cialplanningto2012forthosemeasuresthat areintheareaofresponsibilityoftheFederal Government.Thus,for2009,around10.2bil­lioneuroshasbeenearmarkedforinvestment intheclassicroad,waterwayandrailmodes pluscombinedtransport.Thatisaround1bil­lioneurosmorethaninthecurrentfinancial plan.Transportinvestmentwillbesustained atahighlevelintheperiodfrom2010to2012. Thisincreaseintransportinvestmentwill bemadepossiblebyincreasing,andmaking moreecological,thetollsthatareimposed onheavygoodsvehiclesfortheuseoffederal motorways,basedonthe“userpays”principle. Alltheadditionaltollrevenuewillbeinvested inthetransportsector.Inaddition,proceeds fromtheprivatizationoftherailwayswillin ­creasethelevelofinvestmentthatisavailable fortransportinfrastructure.And–provided thatitoffersvalueformoney–thereistobea greaterinvolvementofprivatesectorcapital intheprovisionoftransportinfrastructureby meansofPPPprojects.

Butactionisalsorequiredonthepartof theoperators,astheactualagentsofeconomic

activity,thetradeassociationsandunionsplus civilsocietygroupsasrepresentativesofthe varioussocietalinterests.Oneoftheobjec­tivesofthisMasterplanistoarriveatlasting collaborationbetweenallthestakeholders, tocoordinateinterestsandrepresentthemat Europeanlevel,therebyjointlyensuringthat Germanyremainsthenumberonelocationfor freighttransportandlogisticsinEurope.

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Buil­dingandUrbanAffairswillconductaninitial evaluationofthemeasuresandtheirimpacts.

Itisimportantthatallstakeholdersinter­actinimplementingthemeasures–depen­dingontheirresponsibilityandacknowled­gingthefactthattheonlywaytoeffectively addressallthechallengesisbycollaborating, andthatthisistheonlywaytomeettheeco­nomic,ecologicalandsocialrequirementsin transportpolicy.

Itisnowimperativethatwecontinuethe socialdialogueontransportpolicy,whichhas beenintensifiedbytheMasterplanprocess, andthatwemakefurtheruseofthevalu­ablepoolofexpertise,experience,contacts andcreativity.Thenetworkofplayersfrom industry,academia,governmentandcivil society,whichemergedduringtheprocessof developingtheMasterplan,formsanexcellent basisforthis.

II. Measures

A Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

�� Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– �� shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A1 Developanddeploymoretrafficmanagementsystems

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A2 Standardizeandlinkupthetrafficmanagementsystems

onbusysectionsoffederalmotorway

Currentsituation

Inmanyareas,trafficmanagementsystems canhelptoimprovetrafficconditions.By meansofactivecontrolmeasures,theymakeit possibleforroaduserstoadapttheirbehaviour tothetrafficsituationatanygiventime.Dyna ­micdisplayssuchasmaximumspeeds,bans onovertakingorlanecontrolsignalsmake trafficflowmoresmoothly,therebyavoiding driverbehaviourthatcouldresultincongesti­onoraccidents.Thismoderntelematicsequip­menthasnotyetbeeninstalledonmanybusy sectionsoftheGermanmotorwaynetwork.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Busysectionsofmotorwayonwhichtelema­ticsequipmenthasnotyetbeeninstalledare tobeequippedwithsuchsystemsatafaster ratethaninthepast.Systemsalreadyinstalled aretobeoptimizedand,ifnecessary,up ­gradedtoreflectthestateoftheart.

Impact

Thismeasurewillenhancethecapacityofthe correspondingsections.Itwillenhancethe efficiencyoftheentiremotorwaynetwork andhelptoavoidcongestionandimprove roadsafety.Thisislikelytoresultinadditional positiveeffectswithregardtoclimatechange mitigationandenvironmentalprotection,for instancebyreducingCO²emissions.

Responsibility

FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairsincooperationwiththefederal statesaffected.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policy.

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureisduetobelaunchedin2008. Theaimistohavetheequipmentinstalledon allbusysectionsby2015.

onfederalmotorwaysnationwide

Currentsituation

OntheGermanmotorwaynetwork,thecap­tureandanalysisoftrafficdataandthecontrol oftrafficusingtrafficmanagementsystemsis performedbytheinfrastructureoperatorsat federalstatelevel.Atpresent,thereisnonati­onwidelink-upofthesetrafficmanagement systems.Noristhereanycoordinationorco­operationbetweentheoperatorsonthescale required.Thismeansthatitisnotpossibleto exploitthepotentialformakingmoreefficient useofthefederalmotorwaynetwork.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Takingaccountofexistingtrafficmanage ­mentsystems,theauthoritiesofthefederal states,incooperationwiththeFederalMi­nistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs andtheindustry,aretodevelopastrategy forlinkingupexistingtrafficmanagement systems.Theaimofthestrategyistofacilitate responsiveandefficienttrafficmanagement onfederalmotorways.Thiswillinvolve,for instance,predictiveinformationonconges­tion,availableparkingspacesplusmeasures thatimpactontheflowoftraffic,suchasspeed limitsorbansonovertaking.

Impact

Byprovidingintelligenttrafficinforma ­tionandcontrol,thismeasurewillmake itpossibletoenhancecapacityonfederal motorwaysthroughoutthecountry.By meansofbetterrouteplanningandthe abilitytoreactatshortnoticetoevolving trafficsituations,itwillbepossibletoma ­nagetransportmovementsmorereliably. Thiswillalsohaveapositiveimpactonthe environmentalacceptabilityoftransport andreduceitsclimatechangeimpact.The measurewillalsoimproveroadsafety.

Responsibility

Thefederalstates,incooperationwiththe FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairs,areresponsiblefordeveloping andimplementingthestrategy.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policy.

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureisduetobelaunchedin2008. Thestrategyisduetobefinalizedbytheendof 2009andimplementedinitsentiretyby2015.

�0 Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– �1 shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A� Speedupimplementationofthe“Developmentprogrammetoincreasethenumber

ofparkingareasatservicestationsandrestareasonfederalmotorways”

Currentsituation

Thereareinsufficientparkingareasforheavy goodsvehiclesonandinthevicinityofthe federalmotorways.Thismayincreasingly resultinHGVsbeingimproperlyparked, additionaltrafficsearchingforparkingspaces andeveninthepermissibledrivingperiods beingexceeded,whichwouldleadtoagreater riskofaccidents.Theforecastriseinthelevel offreighttraffic,combinedwiththenewrules governingdrivinghoursandrestperiods,will resultinevengreaterdemand.Thegreatest demandisattheborder-crossingpointsonthe routestoEasternEurope.TheFederalMinister ofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairshas recognizedthisurgentneed.Intheautumnof 2007,hesetupan“HGVParkingFacilitieson Motorways”ProjectGrouptoaddresstheissue ofenhancingcapacity.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Anadditional11,000parkingspacesaretobe created.TheactivitiesoftheFederalMinistry ofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs WorkingGrouptoidentifyrequirementsand constructadditionalHGVparkingareascover theentirefederalmotorwaynetwork.Because ofthepressingproblemsattheborder-cros­singpointsontheroutestoEasternEurope, theidentificationofrequirementsandcons ­tructionfortheseareasaretobebroughtfor­ward.Accountwillbetakenoftheguidelines governingservicestationsandrestareasofthe federalstates.

Impact

Thismeasurewillhelptomakeoptimum useofthetransportinfrastructure,toavoid unnecessaryjourneys,tomaketransportmore environmentallyfriendlyandreduceitscli­

matechangeimpact,andtoimproveworking conditions.

Responsibility

FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairs,highwayauthoritiesofthefede­ralstates(delegationofadministrativepow­ers),localauthorities.Plusfreightforwarders associations,AutobahnTank&RastHolding GmbH,AssociationofGermanTruckStops (VEDA).

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.Atotalof€250millionwill beavailableforthedevelopmentprogramme overtheperiodto2015.Ofthissum,€35milli ­onistobeinvestedin2008.

EUrelevance

TheEuropeanCommission(DGTREN)has launchedapilotprojectaimedatcreatinga networkofsecureHGVparkingareasinthe EU.Theprojecthasinitialfundingof€11 millionto2009andiscurrentlyoccupiedwith definitiontasks.

Implementationperiod

Creationof11,000additionalparkingspaces by2012.

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A4 Continueandintensifythemeasurestotacklecongestionbyoptimizing

roadworksmanagement

Currentsituation

Congestioncauseseconomicdamageand harmstheclimateandtheenvironment throughanunproductiveincreaseinemissi­ons.Expertshaveestimatedthatcongestion onourmotorwayscoststheeconomyatleast tenbillioneurosandisresponsibleforbillions oflitresoffuelbeingconsumedunnecessa­rily.Thegrowthintrafficlevelspredictedby currentforecastscouldseriouslyexacerbate thissituation. Inmanycases,roadworksonmotorways impedetheflowoftraffic,increasetherisk ofcongestionandreduceroadsafety.Today, anaverageof200to280roadworkssitesare inplaceeverydayforthemaintenanceand operationofthefederalmotorways.Experts assumethattheseroadworksareresponsible formorethanonethirdofallcongestionon motorways.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Roadworksmanagementistobeoptimizedto avoidcongestion.Thisinvolves: • reducingthetimeforwhicharoadworks

siteisinplacebywordingtenderdocu­mentsandcontractsappropriatelyandby performingworkoutsidenormalworking hours,ifnecessaryonSundaysoratnight;

• avoidingcumulativecongestionbymeans ofbetternationwidecoordinationofroad­works;

• facilitatingasmootherflowoftrafficat theroadworkssitebybetteradaptingthe measurestaken(e.g.numberandwidth oflanes)tothetrafficsituationandma ­kinggreateruseofdynamictrafficcontrol measures(e.g.displayofspeedlimitsand bansonovertaking).

Impact

Thismeasureisdesignedtoresultinasmoo­therflowoftrafficatroadworkssites.Thiswill reducecongestionandminimizetheecono ­micdamageitcauses.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,incooperationwiththe federalstates,isresponsibleforimplementing themeasures.

Budgetaryrelevance

Implementingthemeasureswillresultin additionalcostsforroadworks.However, theseadditionalcostswillbemorethanoffset bysubstantialeconomicgains.Thefunds requiredwillbeincludedinthebudgetesti­matesoftheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

EUrelevance

Themeasuresareconsistentwiththeobjec­tivesofEUtransportpolicy,especiallyregar­dinganincreaseinroadsafety,animprove­mentoftheflowoftrafficinEuropeanda reductioninemissionsfromtransport.

Implementationperiod

Themeasuresaretobelaunchedin2008.

�� Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– �� shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A5 Providetrafficinformationandcommunicationsservicesforheavygoodsvehicles A� DevelopastrategytospeedupintroductionoftheEuropeanTrainControlSystem(ETCS)

onthemotorwaynetworkbyusingtollinformation(value-addedservices)

Currentsituation Budgetaryrelevance

Toenhanceitsefficiency,theroadhaulage Minor,becausethevalue-addedserviceswill sectorneedsdedicatedtrafficinformation. beservicesperformedinreturnforpayment. Againstthisbackground,thedemandfordata generatedbytheGermantollingsystemis EUrelevance

rising. AdecisionbytheEuropeanCommissionregu­latestheconditionsandobligationsregarding

Descriptionofthemeasure theprovisionoftelematicsservicesbasedon Thecurrenttechnicalequipmentofthesystem theGermantollingsystembytheiroperators. makestheGermanHGVtollingsysteman idealplatformfortelematicsvalue-addedser- Implementationperiod

vices,whichshouldbedeveloped.Byusingthe TheFederalGovernmentwilllaythecontrac­existingplatform,telematicsserviceproviders tualfoundationsby2009.Initialapplications couldusebasicfunctionsofthesystem–such couldbelaunchedaround2010/2011. assatellite-basedpositioning,theexisting mobilecommunicationschannelorshort-ran­gecommunicationsusingmicrowavetech­nology–fortheirownservicesuponpayment ofanappropriateusercharge.Regulatory, technologicalandorganizationalframeworks aretobecreatedthatallowfaircompetition betweenthetelematicsserviceproviders.

Impact

Thismeasurewillmakeitpossibletoorganize transportinamoreintelligent,environmen­tallyfriendlyandclimate-friendlymannerand toimprovelogisticsstrategies.Itwillbepos­sibletoreducetrafficsearchingforaparking spaceandpreventcongestion.Thiswillreduce CO²emissionsandprotecttheenvironment. Theservicescanhelptoavoidunnecessary journeysandimproveworkingconditions.

Responsibility

TheFederalGovernmentisresponsiblefor creatingtheregulatoryframework.Theestab­lishmentofatelematicsgatewaycompanyis theresponsibilityofprivatesectorcompanies, whichwillberesponsibleforthetechnological andorganizationalimplementation.

onfreightcorridorsinGermany

Currentsituation

Thereareincreasingcapacityconstraintson themainrailfreightcorridors.Theforecast growthinvolume,especiallyintraffictoand fromseaports,willaggravatethissituation. Inaddition,themultiplicityofincompatible trainprotectionsystemsintheEUisamajor obstacletoaEuropeanrailwayareawithinter­nationaltrainsthatdonotrequireachange oflocomotiveatborders.SinceGermanyisa transitcountryandahighlytrade-oriented nationinEurope,thismakestherailwaysless attractive.Itisevendifficulttoattracttothe railwaysfreightthatisparticularlysuitedto rail.Thishasanadverseimpactonroadtrans­port,theclimateandtheenvironment.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Anationalstrategyistobedevelopedtospeed uptheintroductionofETCSonthebusiest railcorridorsinGermany,takingaccountof demand-responsivehinterlandconnectionsto andfromports.TheETCSisatechnicalspecifi ­cationfortheinteroperabilityofrailtransport inEurope.Thestrategyistotakeaccountof theFederalGovernment’sbudgetlineearmar­kedfortheinfrastructure(existingnetwork) andthecosts,tobebornebytheoperators,of theequipmentrequiredfortherollingstock.

Impact

Thestrategywilllaythefoundationsforopti­mizingtheuseoftherailways.Itwillbepossib ­letoenhancecapacityandshiftmoretrafficto therailways.Thiswillmaketherailwaysmore competitive,relievecongestiononthefederal trunkroadsandhelptoprotecttheenviron­mentandtackleclimatechange.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,incooperationwithDeut­scheBahn(DB)AGandthefederalstates,is responsiblefordevelopingthestrategy.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thecostsofthestrategywillbewithinthe limitsofthecurrent,increasedfinancial planningoftheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwiththeEUpolicy forthecreationofasingleEuropeanrailway area,whichischaracterizedby,amongother things,TENcorridorsandthegoalofinterope­rability.

Implementationperiod

Thestrategyistohavebeendevelopedby 2010.

�� Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– ��

A� Developanationalportsstrategy

Currentsituation

Ourseaportsandinlandportsareofspecial strategicimportancetoourentireeconomy. Theyarepartofthebackboneofthegloba­lizedeconomyandareahubfortheexchange ofgoodswithintheSingleEuropeanMarket. Forshippers,ourseaportsandinlandportsare anindispensablelinkinthelogisticschain. Giventhatthevolumeofcargohandledby Germanportsissettodoublebetweennow and2025,andthatthevolumeofcontaine­rizedtrafficwilltripleoverthesameperiod, Germanyfacesmajorchallenges. Inordertopreventcapacityconstraintsat portsandinmovementstoandfromports,the transportinfrastructurehastobemodernized andadaptedtomeetthegrowingdemandfor freighttransport.Atthesametime,German portsfacefierceinternationalcompetition, whichrequiresfairrules.Byloweringthefuel taxtobepaidbyportcargohandlers,theFede­ralMinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairshasalreadymadeamajorcontribution towardsharmonizingtheconditionsofcom ­petitionwiththeARAports. Inaddition,productionanddistributionare placingmoreexactingdemandsonfreight transportandlogistics.Theportinfrastruc­turesandsuperstructuresmustthereforekeep upwiththestateoftheart.Theproblemsare compoundedbythefactthatalackofskilled workersinthemaritimeclusterisbecoming apparent.Thegrowthinthevolumeofcargo handledandtheleveloftraffictoandfrom seaportsposenewclimatechangeandenvi­ronmentalprotectionchallenges. Thetargetedandcoordinatedimprovement ofthelandsideandseawardapproachestothe seaports,aswellastheirconnectionwiththe centresofeconomicactivityinGermany,are amongthekeyelementsofGermantransport policyandtheGermantransportindustry.

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

Thereisagrowingneedforthecoordination ofanationalportspolicy,includingtheinland ports. Descriptionofthemeasure

Tomeetthesechallenges,theFederalGovern­ment,federalstatesandtheindustryhaveto assumejointresponsibilityandconductjoint activities.Portspolicyhasbecomeanational task.Forthisreason,anationalportspolicy willbedeveloped,containingmeasuresthat addressthefollowingthematicareas,among others:

a) Infrastructuresandsuprastructures

• TheFederalGovernmentfundingavailable forinvestmentwillbefocusedevenmore thaninthepastonthoseprojectsthatare especiallyimportantinmacroeconomic terms.

• TheFederalGovernmentwillgivepriority toupgradingporthinterlandlinks(road, railandwaterway)thathavealmostrea­chedtheircapacitylimitstodayandwill havetocopewithadisproportionatelyhigh growthintrafficlevelsinthefuture.

• Possibilitiesforcollaborationbetweensea­portswillbesoughtinatargetedmanner.

• Telematicssolutionsaretounlockadditio­nalefficiencypotentialatportsandinthe logisticschain.

• Wherethereareplanstoconvertportsor areasnearportsforotherurbanfunctions, suchasleisure,residential,officeorother uses,caremustbetakentoensurethatthis willnotresultinanyadverseimpactonthe competitivenessofthelocation.

b) Jobs

• Job-generatingmeasuresaretobeexploi­tedtothefull.

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

• Targetedprogrammesfortheintegrationof theunemployedaretobesupported.

• Effortstocreateapprenticeshipsforyoung peopleshouldbesteppedup.

c) Environmentalprotectionand climatechange

• Emissionsstandardsintheshippingsec­tor(sulphur,nitrogenoxides,particulate matter)aretobeevolvedandmaritime shippingistobeincludedinemissions tradinginamannerthatdoesnotdistort competition.

• Newpropulsiontechnologiesaretobe developedandnewmaterialsusedinship­building.

d) Competition

• Furthermeasurestoreducedistortionsof competitionaretobereviewedand–asfar aspossible–implemented.

• Stateaidsresultindistortionsofcompetiti­on.GermanyislobbyinginEuropeformore transparencyinthissphere.TheEuropean Commissionisurgedtopresentuniform stateaidguidelines.

e) Combinedtransport

• Inordertocopewiththeforecastvolumes ofcargo,shortseashippingandinlandna­vigationwillalsohavetobestrengthened. Here,theinlandportswillplayanincrea­singlyimportantrole,offeringservicesran­gingfromasupra-regionalhubtoaregio­naldistributioncentrefortheseaports.

Impact

Thismeasureisdesignedtostrengthenthe portsasmajorimport/exporthubsandaslogi ­sticsandprocessingcentres.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,thefederalstatesandthe

portsindustryareresponsibleforthis measure.

Budgetaryrelevance

Itwillnotbepossibletoquantifytheimpact onthebudgetuntiltheportsstrategyhasbeen drawnup.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwiththeEuropean Commission’sportspolicy.

Implementationperiod

Thestrategywillbepresentedin2008.

�� Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– ��

A� Developanationalairportsstrategy

Currentsituation

Airportsthatarewelldeveloped,efficiently usedandlinkedupwiththerestofthetrans­portsystemareindispensableinfrastructure forworldwidetrade.Airportinfrastructure makesamajorcontributiontoenhancing theattractivenessofGermanyasabusiness location.Thegrowingdemandforairtrans­portservicescallsforoptimumusetobemade oftheexistinginfrastructureandforastrat­egytobedevelopedforevolutionand,where appropriate,expansion,takingaccountof economic,ecologicalandsocialaspects,so thatairportscancontinuetoassertthemselves infutureinternationalcompetition.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Theairportinfrastructureistobedeveloped suchthatairportscanperformtheirtasks fortheeconomyandsocietyinGermanyina mannerthatismacroeconomicallyefficient, profitableforbusinessandsustainable.The constructionofnewairportsandtheexpan­sionorconversionofexistingairportsshould onlytakeplaceiftheeconomicbenefitshave beenproved.Airportsthatarenoteconomic­allyself-sustainingwillhavetotakesecond place.Againstthisbackground,theFederal Governmentwillpresentanairportsstrategy beforetheendofthisparliamentaryterm, whichwillbediscussedwiththefederalstates. Thebenchmarksofthisstrategywillbe: a) Optimizinguseoftheexistinginfrastruc ­

tureofaerodromesinGermany,including theirdemand-responsiveandsustainable evolution,includingexpansion.

b) Sometypesofaircargorequirespecialtime slotsiftheyaretohaveaneconomicimpact ortoperformtheirfunctionofproviding aserviceofgeneralinterest(e.g.medical supplies).Atthesametime,consideration

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

mustbegiventoprotectingpeopleagainst nightnoise.

c) Currentforecastsofairtrafficgrowth predictthatthereislikelytobesignificant growthinlandsidetraffictoandfromair­portsinthefuture.Thisgrowthmeansthat itwillbenecessarytoprovidesufficiently efficientsurfaceaccess,bybothroadand rail.

d) Intheaircargosector,thereareinterface problemsinintermodaltransportchains. Examplesincludenon-standardizedloa ­dingunitsandloadinggauges,which requireadditionaltranshipmentprocesses inonwardmovementbyasecondmodeof transport,andnon-compatibleadminis­trativeprocessesinthefieldsofhandling andcustoms.Suchbreaksintheprocessof transportationhaveanadverseimpacton thecompetitivenessofintermodalfreight transport,becausetheyultimatelyleadto higherprices,longertransportationtimes, poorerpunctuality,restrictionsastothe typesofgoodsthatcanbetransported,a higherriskofdamageandgreaterhandling effort.TheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairswilltherefore makeacontributiontowardsresolvingthe legalissuesinvolvedhere–atEuropeanand internationallevelwhereverpossible.

e) Theairtransportsector,too,mustplayits partintacklingclimatechangeandprotec­tingtheenvironment(e.g.bytakingactive andpassivenoisecontrolandmitigation measures,includingaviationininternatio­nalemissionstradinginamannerthatdoes notdistortcompetition,realizingtheSingle EuropeanSkyandemissions-basedlanding charges.Sincethelevyingoftaxesondome­sticflightsandonintra-Europeanflights

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

betweenindividualMemberStateswould entailseriouscompetitivedisadvantages forthecarriersoftheEUMemberStates

involved,theFederalGovernmentbelieves thattheintroductionofakerosenetaxcan, undertheconditionsprevailingatpresent, onlybedoneonaworldwidebasis).

Impact

Theairportsstrategyisdesignedtoresultin transportinfrastructurebeingdevelopedand usedinanoptimummannerandintransport beingshapedinanintelligentmanner.

Responsibility

Theairportsstrategywillbepresentedbythe FederalGovernment.

Budgetaryrelevance

Fundingistobefocusedoninvestmentthat willhavemaximumeconomicbenefit.

EUrelevance

Thedevelopmentofanairportsstrategyis consistentwiththetransportpolicyobjectives oftheEU.

Implementationperiod

Thestrategyistobepresentedbeforetheend ofthecurrentparliamentaryterm.

�� Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– Measures:Makingoptimumuseoftransportinfrastructure– �� shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A� Takeconcertedactionwithshippersandthefreighttransportsector

tostaggerfreighttraffic(extendingramptimes)

Currentsituation

Inmanycases,thedeliverytimesatconsi­gnees’premisesandthecollectiontimesat shippers’premises,whicharelimitedtospe­cifictimewindows,meanthatfreighttrans ­portmovementsdonotmakeefficientuseof theinfrastructure.Insomecases,significant resourcesandcapacityareexpendedunneces­sarilyorremainunused.Theconsequencesare ariseincongestion,anintensificationofthe competitionbetweenpassengerandfreight transportforuseoftheinfrastructure,incre­asingcallsforhigherlevelsofinfrastructure investmentandadverseimpactsonthesupply chain.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Withintheframeworkofconcertedaction,a strategywillbedevelopedtomakedelivery andcollectionwindowsmoreflexibleinorder tomakeoptimizeduseoftheinfrastructure andvehicles,withoutcallingexistingrestric­tionsintoquestion,e.g.thebanondrivingon Sundaysandpublicholidaysandnoiseabate­ment.Theimportanceofhavingorderplace­menttimesthatareaslateaspossible,haulage timesthatareasshortaspossible,delivery timesthatareasearlyaspossibleandcollec­tiontimesthatareaslateaspossible,istobe reviewedfromtheperspectiveofallthose involvedinthetransportchaintoseewhether thesetimescanbemademoreflexibleandif thereisanyscopeforefficiency.Here,itisup toshippers,inparticular,toexploitopportuni­tiesforoptimization,therebymakingacontri ­butiontowardsenhancingtheefficiencyofthe overalltransportsystem.Theconcertedaction isdesignedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblems andprovideanimpetusforimprovements.

Impact

Ifwidertimewindowsareavailablefor collecting,transportinganddeliveringthe goods,transportoperationscanbeoptimized andmoreefficientusecanbemadeofthe infrastructure.Thiswillhelptosegregate freightandpassengertrafficandreduceboth CO emissionsandtheneedforinvestment. ²

Responsibility

Allpartiesinvolvedinthetransportchain, withtheFederalMinistryofTransport,Buil­dingandUrbanAffairsactingasafacilitator. Shippers(majorshippers/chainstores),inpar­ticular,aretobeinvolved,plustheretailtrade andhauliers.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policywithregardtomakingmoreefficient useoftheexistinginfrastructure.

Implementationperiod

Planningandimplementationofthecon­certedactionistobelaunchedin2008.

shapingtransporttomakeitmoreefficient

A10 Createafocalpoint–theFederalGovernmentCommissioner

forFreightTransportandLogistics

Currentsituation

InadditiontotheFederalMinistryofTrans­port,BuildingandUrbanAffairs,whichisthe leaddepartment,severalotherministriesare involvedinthefreighttransportandlogistics sphere.TheyincludetheFederalMinistryof EconomicsandTechnology,theFederalMi­nistryofEducationandResearch,theFederal MinistryofLabourandSocialAffairsandthe FederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,Nature ConservationandNuclearSafety. Theyregularlytakeinitiativeswhichrequire moreandmorecoordinationbecauseofthe increasinglycomplexresearchandfunding activities.

Descriptionofthemeasure

TobettercoordinatetheFederalGovernment’s researchandfundingactivitiesandmake themmoretransparent,thePermanentState SecretaryattheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs,MatthiasvonRan­dow,willbeappointedFederalGovernment CoordinatorforFreightTransportandLogi­stics.Inaddition,aninterministerialfreight transportandlogisticscoordinatinggroup, chairedbytheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs,willbeestablis­hed.

Impact

Thismeasurewillfacilitateabetterlink-up betweentheissuesandactivitiesoftheminis­triesinvolved.Thisisdesignedtoresultina moretargetedallocationofthefundsavaila­ble.Thepurposeofcooperationinthecommit­teewillnotonlybetoimprovecommunication betweentheministries,butalsotoconveythe greatimportancethattheFederalGovern­mentattachestothisissue.Acentraloverview willprovideallgovernmentdepartmentswith

moretransparencyinthecontrolofpriority researchactivitiesinthefieldoffreighttrans ­portandlogistics.Thismeansthatitwillbe possibletobettercontroltheallocationof fundsasawholeandtotranslatefindingsinto practicemoreefficiently.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsisresponsibleforestabli­shingthecoordinatingbody.

Budgetaryrelevance

Theestablishmentofthecoordinatingbody willnotrequireanyadditionalfundingfrom thebudget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUsuggestions tomakepublicadministrationmoreefficient.

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureistobeimplementedimmedia­tely.

�0 Me asur es:Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobilit y �1

B Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility

�� Measures:Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility Measures:Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility ��

B1 UrbanLogisticsInitiative

Currentsituation

Incitiesandconurbations,freighttransport andlogisticsareoftenperceivedasanobstac­letothesmoothflowoftraffic.Atthesame time,deliveringgoodsrighttothecustomer’s doorstepispresentingthelogisticssector withanincreasinglydifficultchallenge. Becauseoftheiroftenshortdurationand becausetheywereoftennotbinding,the projectsandmeasurescarriedoutinthefield ofcitylogisticsinthepasthavenotresulted inthedevelopmentofasuccessfulmodelthat hasbeenabletoassertitselfonthemarket. Nevertheless,therehavebeenanumberof innovativeand–atleastpartially–successful projects,forinstancethefreighttramatthe freightvillageinDresden.Inadditionalto operationalmeasures,moreaccounthasbeen takenofspatialplanningrequirementswhen planningfreightvillages,whichhasresulted incommercialtransportmovementstaking placewithfewerconflicts.Lastbutnotleast, severalmajorGermancities(e.g.Bremen)have integratedtheirfreightvillagesasessential componentsintotheirschemestomeetEUair qualitymanagementrequirements.Ithasalso becomeapparentthatitisunrealistictoconsi­derpassengerandfreighttransportseparately intownsandcities.Ifenvironmentalaspects aretobereflectedmorestronglyandefficien ­cyistobesignificantlyenhanced,thefocus hastobeonbothsystems.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Launchofanationwideinitiative,sponsored bytheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,thefederalstatesandcities, withtheaimofdevelopingenvironmentally friendlyandclimate-friendlystrategiesfor urbantransport,formulatingtransferable standardsandimplementingthemincoope­rationwithlocalauthorities.Thesestrategies

aretobebasedonthefollowingguidelines, amongothers: • betteraccountshouldbetakenoftheinterests

ofcommercialtransportinurbanplanning; • betteraccountshouldbetakenofthein­

terestsoffreighttransportandlogisticsin spatialandsub-regionalplanning;

• affordable,environmentallyfriendlyand user-friendlylocaltransportschemes, whichencourageasmanypeopleaspossib­letousepublictransport;

• incentivestouseenvironmentallyfriendly deliveryvehicles;

• betterlink-upbetweenthedecision-ma­kingandimplementationlevels;

• bettercommunicationbetweenbusiness practiceandplanningdecisions.

Impact

Thismeasurewillleadtoagreementonstrate­giesforsustainabletransportinconurbations.

Responsibility

FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairs,federalstates,freighttransport associations,freightvillageoperators,local governmentassociations,industry(asshippers andconsignees).

Budgetaryrelevance Launchingthetransportstrategieswillnotre­quireanyadditionalfundingfromthebudget.

EUrelevance

Thismeasureisconsistentwiththeobjectives oftheUrbanTransportGreenPaper.Theprin­cipleofsubsidiaritymustbecompliedwithin itsimplementation.

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureistobeimplementedoverthe periodfrom2009to2012.

B� Stepupinvestmentininnovativeandcapacity-enhancingtechnologies

Currentsituation

Theexistingmodesandsystemsoftransport stillhaveuntappedpotentialforenhancing theefficiencyofthetransportsystem.Given thatthevolumeoffreighttrafficisforecast toriseandthattheexistinginfrastructure willreachitscapacitylimit,andinviewof theincreasedconsumptionofresources,the developmentandimplementationofinnova­tivetechnologies,systemsorservicestomake moreefficientuseoftheinfrastructureand resourcesisofcrucialimportanceinensuring apromisingfutureforGermanyasalogistics centre.Examplesofthematicareasinclude: • longertrainsonselectedroutes; • double-deckertrainsonse­

lectedrailwaylines; • cargorailfeederservicesbetween

LeipzigandFrankfurt/Main; • Galileoapplications; • transportlogistics/intralogis ­

ticsinterfaces(automation); • ITSsolutions(HGVrouting); • multi-layercontainertransportininland

navigationonselectedwaterways; • innovativeandefficientvehiclestra ­

tegies(road,rail,waterway).

Descriptionofthemeasure

Considerationand,ifnecessary,development offundingguidelinestosupportpilotprojects tomakegreateruseofinnovativetechnologies infreighttransportandlogistics.Thisisde­signedtofundprojectsotherthancombined transporthandlingtechnologies,whichcan makeacontributiontowardsenhancingthe overallsystembutarenoteligibleforfunding todaybecausetheyarenolongeratthere­searchstageandhavenotyetbeenlaunched onthemarket.

Impact

Pilotprojectsinvolvinginnovativetechno­logiesandsystemsinthetransportsector aredesignedtodriveforwardinnovations inintermodaltransportandprocesschains. Thiswillspeeduptheimplementationand introductionoftheseinnovativetechnologies onthemarket,whichwillresultinamore efficient,moreclimate-friendlyandmore environmentallyfriendlyfreighttransport andlogisticssystem.Inparticular,itwillbe possibletomakebetteruseofexistingcapaci­tyandvehicles,conserveresources,enhance economicefficiency,reduceCO²emissionsand improvetransportsafety.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsisresponsiblefordeveloping thefundingguidelines.Theindustryisre­sponsiblefortheapplications.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thecostsofthemeasurewillbewithinthe limitsofthecurrent,increasedfinancial planningoftheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwiththeEUpolicy ofmakinggreateruseofinnovativetechno­logiestomanagefuturetrafficgrowthandto improvetheprofileandimageofEuropeasa placetodobusiness.Thefinancialassistance programmewillrequireEuropeanCommissi­onapproval.

Implementationperiod

Workondevelopingthefundingguidelines willcommencein2008.

�� Measures:Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility Measures:Avoidingunnecessaryjourneys–ensuringmobility ��

B3 Optimizetransittraffic

Currentsituation

Transittrafficwhoseoriginanddestination areabroadwill,inthefuture,accountfor aneverlargershareofroadhaulageand railfreight.Thetransportinterconnectivity forecastforGermanypredictsthattherewill bea2.5-foldincrease(intermsoftonne-kilo­metres)by2025.Thismeansthattherisein transittrafficwillbetwiceashighastherise infreighttrafficinGermanyasawhole.The shareoftransittrafficisespeciallyhighincon ­tainerizedrailfreight.Oncertaincorridors, someofwhichrunthroughdenselypopulated conurbationsorregionsthatareimportant fortourism,transittrafficisthusresultingin aconsiderablenuisanceintheformofnoise, pollutantsandCO²emissionsandcausing wearandtearontheinfrastructure.

Descriptionofthemeasure

AttheEuropeanlevel,optionsarebeingexplo­redastohowtransittrafficcanbeoptimized and,forinstancebycreatingnewdelivery routesandbymeansoffeederservicestoand fromtheMediterraneanports,shortenedor evenreduced.Tothisend,theFederalGovern­mentwillplacethisissueontheEuropean agenda,takingcaretosafeguardtheinterests ofGermanbusinessesandports.Inparallel, approachesarebeingdevelopedatEurope­anleveltoidentifymarket-basedincentives toshiftmoretraffictotherailwaysandwa ­terways,especiallyoverlongdistances.The FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairswillhaveastudypreparedon thissubject.

Impact

Optimizationoftransportbyreducingthe numberoftransitjourneysandbyusingshor­terormoreenergy-efficientroutesthrough

Europe(e.g.shortseashippingorinlandwa­terwaytransport).

Responsibility

FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairs,federalstates,EU,shippersand hauliers,ports.

Budgetaryrelevance Thismeasurewillnotrequireanyadditional fundingfromthebudget.

EUrelevance

SolutionscanonlybefoundatEuropeanlevel.

Implementationperiod

Discussionsaretostartimmediately.

B� ShortSeaShipping

Currentsituation

Germanyishavingtocopewitharisingvo­lumeofpurelytransittraffic.Especiallyhard hitisthenorth-southtransitcorridorthrough Germany,withasizeableshareoftrafficto SpainandPortugal.Currentforecastspredict thattrafficlevelsonthiscorridorwillriseat adisproportionatelyhighrate,andthecon­sequenceswillbeincreasingnoise,pollutant andCO²emissions.Shortseashipping,inclu­dinginlandnavigationtoagreaterextent, canhelptorelievetheburdenonthiscorridor. Thecargoistranshippedatoverseasportsand continuesitsjourneyonso-calledmotorways ofthesea.Motorwaysoftheseaaremaritime corridorswithahighvolumeofshippingto whichfreighttrafficisshiftedtoeasethebur­denonroadsandrailways.Successfulprojects intheBalticSearegionillustratethatshortsea shippingallowstraffictobeshiftedfromthe roadstothesea.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Developmentofastrategyforshiftingroad haulagetrafficonthenorth-southcorridor tothewaterbornemodebymakinguseofthe possibilitiesofshortseashippingandinland waterwaytransport.Atthesametime,thepro­jectsintheBalticSeaaretobeevolved.

Impact

Lastingreliefofcongestionontheroadsofthe north-southcorridor,reductioninCO²emissi­onsandnoisealongthecorridors.

Responsibility

FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand UrbanAffairs,EU,shippersandhauliers,Asso­ciationofGermanSeaportOperators(ZDS).Ex­pertsupportwillbeprovidedbytheShortSea ShippingInlandWaterwayPromotionCentre

(SPC).Asawhole,thismeasurewillrequire intensivemultilateralandEUcooperation.

Budgetaryrelevance Initiallynoimpactonthebudget.Ifitwas intendedtoimplementthestrategy,start-up financingthroughtheEU’sMarcoPolopro ­grammecouldbeconsidered.

EUrelevance

TheEUispromotingagreaterdevelopment ofshortseashippingandmotorwaysofthe seathroughitsMarcoPoloprogrammeandin accordancewiththeTEN-Tguidelines.

Implementationperiod

Workondevelopingastrategyistocommence in2008.

�� Me asur es:Shif tingmoretr affictother a ilwaysandinl andwaterways ��

C Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways

�� Measures:Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways Measures:Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways ��

C1 Reviewtheregulatoryframeworkforfreighttransportinintermodalcompetition C� Increasefundingforcombinedtransport

Currentsituation withtheFederalMinistryofFinance,Federal Currentsituation

Amajorconstituentofanintegratedtransport MinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureCon- Theexistingintermodalhandlingfacilitiesat policyinGermanyandEuropeisco-modality. servationandNuclearSafety,andtheFederal alllogisticshubsinGermany–intheindus-Allmodesoftransportaretobeabletodeploy MinistryofEconomicsandTechnologyalso trialcentresintheinteriorofthecountry,at theirinherentstrengthsonalevelplaying involved. inlandports,intheareasaroundseaportsand field.Theconditionsofcompetitioncurrently inborderregions–areworkingatorneartheir varyfromonemodetothenext,whichmayre- Budgetaryrelevance capacitylimit.Inaddition,someaircargo sultindistortionsofcompetitionbetweenthe ThereportwillbefundedfromtheFederal feederservicesaretobetransferredfrom individualmodesinfreighttransport.Against MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban roadtorail.Currentforecasts,forinstance thisbackgroundthequestionarises:Doesthe Affairs’budget. theforecastoftransportinterconnectivityfor present-daymodalsplitreflectfairconditions 2025,predicttherewillbeadisproportionate­ofcompetitionintheinterestsofco-modality, EUrelevance lyhighandsustaineddemandforintermodal andifnot,whathastobechangedtoestablish ThereportwillbeconsistentwithEUpolicy. transportinthefuture.Today,fundingtotal­suchconditions? lingaround€62.5millionisavailableannu-

Implementationperiod allyinthefederalbudgetfortheco-financing Descriptionofthemeasure Thereportistobedrawnupin2009. ofcombinedtransportterminals.However, Preparationofareporttoreviewthecurrent therearealreadynumerousrequestsforthe situationoftheindividualmodesinfreight constructionofnewhandlingfacilitiesorthe transportand,ifappropriate,toformulatepro­ upgradingofexistingfacilitieswhichcannot posalsfortheestablishmentoffairconditions bemetbecauseofashortageoffunds. ofcompetition.Thiswillinvolve,forinstance, theimpactofcostfactorsoncompetition(user Descriptionofthemeasure

paysprinciple,costsofaccidents,environmen- Increaseoffundingfortheconstruction/up ­talcosts,infrastructurecosts,electricitytaxin gradingofcombinedtransporttranshipment railtransport,andthelike). facilitiesfromitscurrentannuallevelof€62.5

millionto€115millionayear.Inaddition,a Impact totalof€32millionperannumwillbeavaila-Thereportwillprovideabetteroverviewof bleforthefundingofrailsidings. theimpactoftheregulatoryframeworkin intermodalcompetitionand,ifappropriate, Impact

formulatealistofproposals,theimplementa- Makinggreateruseoftransportchains,which tionofwhichcanguaranteecompetitionthat combinedtransportmakespossible,willhelp isasfairaspossible.Inaddition,thismeasure toenhancethecapacityoftheoverallsystem, isdesignedtopreventasituationfromarising toshiftfreighttrafficfromtheroadstothe whereashiftoftraffictotherailwaysand railwaysandwaterwaysandtobringabout inlandwaterwaysishamperedbythelackofa moreenvironmentallyfriendlytransportope­levelregulatoryplayingfield. rations.Theongoingevaluationoftheguide­

linesonthepromotionofcombinedtransport Responsibility transhipmentfacilitiesrevealed(inFebruary TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building 2008)thatthisinvestmentwillprobablyresult andUrbanAffairsistheleaddepartment, inatotalofaround78milliontonnesor49.3

billiontkmbeingshifted.ThiswouldcutCO² emissionsbyaround7.5milliontonnesper annum.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsandFederalMinistryof Financeareresponsibleforimplementingthis measure.

Budgetaryrelevance

Theadditionalfundsrequiredwillbeprovi­dedaspartofthecurrent,increasedfinancial planningoftheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUpolicy, whichaimstostrengthencombinedtransport inEuropeandtoestablishgreentransport corridorsasameasureoftheFreightTransport LogisticsActionPlan.

Implementationperiod

Fundingistobeprovidedstartinginfinancial year2009.

�0 Measures:Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways Measures:Shiftingmoretraffictotherailwaysandinlandwaterways �1

C3 Evolvehandlingtechnologiesandorganizationincombinedtransport

Currentsituation Responsibility

Thecurrentdisproportionatelyhighdemand TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building forintermodaltransportserviceswillincrease andUrbanAffairsisresponsiblefordrawing evenfurtherinthefuture.Tomeetthisde­ upthefundingguidelines. mand,thecapacityofthecompositesystems comprisingtherailways,roadsandwaterways Budgetaryrelevance

hastobeenhanced.Innovativehandlingtech- Thecostsofthismeasurewillbewithinthe nologiessuchas limitsofthecurrent,increasedfinancial

parallelhorizontalloading, • planningoftheFederalMinistryofTransport, parallelautomatedhorizontalloadingor • BuildingandUrbanAffairs. waterbornecontainermovementswithin • ports EUrelevance

canmakeitpossibletoachieveefficiency ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUpolicy, gainsandofferarangeofservicesthatmeets whichaimstostrengthencombinedtrans­demand.However,manyinnovativedevelop­ portinEurope.Supportingcombinedtrans­mentsfailbecauseofthehighcostsinvolvedin portisoneofthesubjectsoftheEU’sFreight apilotprojectthathastobecarriedoutbefore TransportLogisticsActionPlan.Thefinancial potentiallysuccessfulcommercialization. assistanceprogrammewillrequireEuropean commissionapproval. Descriptionofthemeasure

Introductionoffundingguidelinestoprovide Implementationperiod

assistancetopilotprojectsthatsupportthe Workondevelopingthefundingguidelinesis evolutionofinnovativehandlingtechnologies tocommenceimmediately.Thepreparatory incombinedtransport.Thisisdesignedto periodleadinguptotheentryintoforceofthe makeitpossibletoprovidefinancialassistance fundingguidelineswillprobablybemorethan topilotprojectsincombinedtransportthat oneyear. cannotbefundedthroughtheexistingpro­grammesbecausetheyarealreadybeyondthe researchstageandhavenotyetbeenlaunched onthemarket.

Impact

Thesenewfundingguidelinesaredesigned toimprovetheintroductionofnewhandling technologiesontothecombinedtransport market.Thisistoenhancetheefficiencyof combinedtransportandincentivizeashiftof traffictotheenvironmentallyfriendlyinland navigationandrailmodes.Thiswillalsomake acontributiontowardstacklingclimatechan­geandprotectingtheenvironment.

C4 Internalizeexternalcosts

Currentsituation

Externalcostsarethosecoststhatarenot capturedbymarketprices,whichmeansthat investmentandusedecisionstakenonthe basisofthesemarketpricesarelessthaneco­nomicallyoptimum.Inthetransportsector, theseareessentiallytheexternalcostsof: • airpollution; • climatechange; • noise; • accidents; • congestion. Ifthepricesfortransportservicesaretoolow withregardtoexternalcosts,thiswillresultin thepriceforthetransportserviceinquestion notreflectingallthecosts.Thus,thedemand forthistransportserviceistoohigh.Thiscan result,amongotherthings,inawasteofraw materials(e.g.water,fossilenergysources). Descriptionofthemeasure

Astrategyistobedevelopedtobetterinter­nalizeexternalcosts,takingaccountofthe forthcomingamendmenttotheECInfrastruc­tureChargingDirective(cf.decisionstakenat thespecialcabinetmeetinginMeseberg).This willalsomakeacontributiontotheEurope­andiscussionofexternalcosts,soasnotto haveanisolatedadverseimpactonthecom­petitivenessoftheGermanfreighttransport industry.

Impact

Thestrategywillproducegreatertransparen­cyregardingthenatureandlevelofthecosts totheeconomyofindividualmeansoftrans­port,whichcanbeusedasadecision-making basisfortransportandeconomicpolicies.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsisresponsiblefordeveloping thestrategy.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thedevelopmentofthestrategywillnotentail anycostsforthebudget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policy.InJune2008,theEuropeanCommis­sionwillpresentaproposalfortherevisionof theInfrastructureChargingDirectivewitha viewtointernalizingexternalcosts.

Implementationperiod

Thescheduleandsubjectmatterofthedelibe­rationswillhavetobecoordinatedwiththe EuropeanCommission’sproposalforarevision oftheInfrastructureChargingDirective.

�� Measures:Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs ��

D Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs

�� Measures:Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs Measures:Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs ��

D1 Segregatefreightandpassengertraffic

Currentsituation

Thegrowthintrafficlevels,especiallyinthe freightsector,isincreasinglyresultingin conflictsintheuseofthetransportinfrastruc ­turebetweenfreightandpassengertraffic andbetweenheavygoodsvehicletrafficand privatetraffic.Thisisimpedingthefreeflow oftrafficandhavinganadverseimpactonthe efficiencyofthetransportinfrastructure. • Thereareincreasingcapacityconstraints

onthebusiestrailfreightlines.Onthe north-southcorridors,inparticular,there areeithernopathsavailableor,where theyareavailable,theyarelimitedoronly availableattimesthatarenotcompatible withthemarket.Theseconstraintshave variouscauses,includingcompetition withregularintervalpassengerservices foruseoftheinfrastructure.

• Onbusyfour-lanesectionsoffederal motorway,HGVspullingouttoovertake, inparticular,causecriticalsituationswith fastermovingpassengercars.Thisslows downtheflowoftrafficandreduceseffi ­ciency.Thisproblemislikelytogetworse withtheforecastgrowthintrafficlevels.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Byreducingpathingconflictsbetweenregi ­onalpassengerrailservicesandrailfreight services,andbytakingtargetedactionto removebottlenecksonboththerailwaysand theroads,agreaterseparationofthedifferent typesoftrafficonbusyroutesistobeachieved. Thissegregationisdesignedtoincreaseper­meability,improvetransportsafetyandredu­cetheriskofcongestion.Thismeasureisalso designedtoresultinimprovementsinpassen­gertransport,becausethebottlenecksconcer­nedarepredominantlyonmixed-useroutes. Optionsforresolvingpathingconflictsareto bereviewedand,ifappropriate,astrategyis

tobedeveloped.Inthiscontext,thepossibi­lityofextendingtheprioritizationoffreight trafficduringthenightistobeexplored.The measuresaretobeshapedsuchthattheyare acceptableandwithbalancedapproachesto passengertraffic. Asfarastheremovalofbottlenecksonthe railwaysisconcerned,DBAG’s“Network21” strategyistobecontinuedandaccelerated.DB AG’s“Network21”strategyincludestheaimof segregatingslowandfastservices,andisalso reflectedinfederaltransportinfrastructure planningandtheplanningofrequirements. Themostefficientwaytosegregatefreightand passengertrafficontheroadsisbywidening federalmotorwaystosixandeightlanes.The appropriateconstructionworkistobecarried outmorequicklythaninthepasttoupgrade therelevantsectionsoffederalmotorway.

Impact

• Removalofbottlenecksontherailways: ThecontinuationandaccelerationofDB AG’s“Network21”strategywillmake railwayinfrastructurelinesandhubs morepermeableandwillmakeitpossible toimprovethequalityoffreighttransport andtoenhancepathingcapacity.Experts believethatitismostlycomparablysmall­scaleinvestmentprojectsthat–inrelation tothelineconcerned–willresultinan enhancementoftheefficiencyofthenet­workcapacity(gainingadditionalpaths) intherangeof10to20%.

• Pathingconflicts:Expertsbelievethat evenminorflexibilizationmeasures,such asmovingthescheduleofonetrainbya fewminutesoradjustingtheslotofone trainperhourinaregularintervalservice, canresultinaperceptibleenhancement ofrailfreightpathingcapacity,especially attimesthatarerelevanttothemarket.

• Removalofbottlenecksontheroads: Wideningtosixlanesthosestretchesoffe­deralmotorwaythatarebusyandofprime importancetoroadhaulagewillenhance thecapacityofthesectionsconcernedby upto50%.Thiswillmakethemcorrespon­dinglymorepermeableforHGVsand passengercars,andisabsolutelyessential iftheforecastgrowthinlevelsofboth typesoftrafficistobebetterabsorbed.If bottlenecksareremovedontheroad,it willnotbenecessarytointroduce“area­wide”bansonovertakingforheavygoods vehicles.Implementationofthismeasure willreducethefrequencyofcongestion andaccidentsandthusalsothesocial costsoftransport.Inaddition,thereduc­tioninthenumberoftrafficjamsand accidentswillmakeroadhaulageservices easiertoplanandmorereliableacrossthe entirenetwork.Thiswillmakethedeploy­mentofresourcesmoreefficient,bothfor logisticsserviceprovidersandfortrade andindustry(lesscapital-tieupforbuffer stockandequipment,improvedturna­round).Ultimately,themeasureisalso designedtocounteraneconomicallyinef­ficientdownsizingofthevehiclefleet:in ordertogetroundtheobstaclesthatheavy goodsvehiclesface,suchasbansonover­takingandspeedlimits,logisticsservice providersare,insomecases,operating smaller,fastervehicles(lightvans)rather thanlong-distanceHGVsontime-sensitive andjust-in-timetransportmarkets.

Responsibility

• DBNetzAGisresponsibleforremoving bottlenecksontherailways.

• Theresolutionofpathingconflicts,where thisisappropriateandpossible,isthe responsibilityofDBNetzAGinconsultati ­onwiththeFederalNetworkAgencyand withtheinvolvementofrailwayunderta­

kingsandthefederalstatesaffected(as theauthoritiesthatorderlocaltransport services).

• TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Buil­dingandUrbanAffairs,inconsultation withthefederalstates,isresponsiblefor removingbottlenecksonthefederalmo­torways.

Budgetaryrelevance

Theupdatedfinancialplanningincludessig ­nificantlyhigherlevelsofinvestmentforthe removalofbottlenecks.In2009,anadditional €1billion(approx.)willbemadeavailable.

EUrelevance

Thesemeasuresareconsistentwiththefreight transportlogisticsactionsthattheEUintends totake.

Implementationperiod

Thesemeasuresareduetobelaunchedimme­diately.

�� Measures:Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs Measures:Upgradingmoretransportarteriesandhubs ��

D� Reviewtherequirementplans

Currentsituation

Toprioritizetransportinfrastructureinvest­ments,theFederalGovernmentdevelopsa FederalTransportInfrastructurePlan.This makesitpossible–onthebasisoftheavailable trafficforecastsandacostanalysisplusanen ­vironmentalimpactassessmentandaspatial impactassessmentoftheindividualprojects –toidentifythosemeasuresthathaveahigh levelofefficiencyintermsoftransportandthe nationaleconomy.ToimplementtheFederal TransportInfrastructurePlan,requirement plans,whichcontainthefirstpriorityprojects, havebeenincludedintheRailwayInfrastruc­tureUpgradingActandtheFederalTrunk RoadUpgradingAct. SincetheadoptionofthemostrecentFederal TransportInfrastructurePlanin2003,based onthetrafficforecastdatingfrom2001,and therelatedupgradingacts/requirementplans, therehasbeenafurtherchangeinthegene­ralframeworkandprospectsforthefuture. Trendsintrafficgrowth,demographicchan ­ge,globalizationandnewclimatechange andenvironmentalprotectionrequirements presentGermanywithnewchallenges,which arereflectedinthedemandfortransport,in particular.Theyalsoincludetheimpactof newtechnologies,innovationsandnewlogis­ticsprocesses.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Astartistobemadeimmediatelyonreview­ingtherequirementplans,asprovidedforby law,andsubsequentlyadaptingthemifneces­sary,sothatareportcanbesubmittedtopar­liamentin2010andanynecessaryadaptation oftherequirementplanscanbeinitiatedina timelyfashion.Thereviewoftherequirement plansalsofollows,inparticular,thetransport policyguidancesetoutinthisFreightTrans­portandLogisticsMasterplan.Thereview

mustalsotakeaccountoftherequirementsof inlandwaterways,evenifarequirementplan doesnotexplicitlyhavetobepreparedforthis sector.

Impact

Bylaunchingthismeasure,itwillbepossible tosecuretheinvestmentprioritiesasearlyas possible.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsisresponsibleforupdating theFederalTransportInfrastructurePlanand theassociatedupgradingacts.

Budgetaryrelevance

Itisestimatedthatthecostsofthereportsand studieswillbe€3to5million.Thismeasure willbefundedfromtheFederalMinistryof Transport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs’budget.

EUrelevance

Thismeasurewillalsoimpactonroutesthat arethesubjectofthetrans-Europeannet­works.

Implementationperiod

Itwillbepossibletoconcludethereviewofthe requirementplansin2010.

D3 PressaheadwiththeimplementationofPPPsolutionsforthespeedyandefficient

deliveryofmotorwaywideningandmotorwaymaintenanceprojects

Currentsituation Responsibility

Thefederaltrunkroadnetworkcurrently TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building comprisesover12,500kmofmotorwaysand andUrbanAffairsisresponsibleforthis around41,000kmoffederalhighways,andis measure. thusthedensesttrunkroadnetworkinEu­rope.Maintainingandupgradingthistrunk Budgetaryrelevance

roadnetworkrequiresahighleveloffinancial SuitablePPPprojectsgenerateamoreefficient expenditure.Withtheintroductionofthehea­ economicreturnthanisthecasewithconven­vygoodsvehicletollingscheme,theestablish­ tionalpublicfunding. mentoftheTransportInfrastructureFinan­cingCompanyandtheuseofoperatormodels, EUrelevance

therenowexistsinGermany,forthefirsttime PPPsolutionsarepractisedinmanyEUcoun­ever,awiderrangeofsourcesforinfrastruc­ tries. turefunding.Oneofthewaysofachievingthis isbywideningthetermsofreferenceofthe Implementationperiod

TransportInfrastructureFinancingCompa- Thismeasureistobeimplementedimmedia­ny.Theinvolvementofprivatesectorcapital tely. throughpublicprivatepartnership(PPP)or otherformsoffundingcanresultinfasterand morecost-effectivedelivery.PPPhasestablis­heditselfasaformoffundinginthetransport sector.Greateruseistobemadeofitwhereit providesbettervalueformoneythanconventi­onalpublicfunding.

Descriptionofthemeasure

PPPsolutionsintheroadconstructionsector aretobeencouragedforsuitableprojects.PPP willbeexaminedtoseewhetheritisasuitable wayofsolvingtheproblemsofparkingspace onfederalmotorways.

Impact

PressingaheadwiththeuseofPPPforsuitable projectsintheroadconstructionsectorwill resultinbenefitstothenationaleconomy.The involvementofprivatesectorcapitalwillmake itpossible,inparticular,toimplementmajor projectsearlier.Inaddition,itcanresultin shorterconstructionperiods.

�� Me asur es:En v ironmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quieta ndsafetr ansport ��

E Environmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quietandsafetransport

�0 Measures:En vironmenta llyfr iendly,climate-fr iendly,quietandsafetr ansport

E1 Developastrategytovarytollratesaccordingtotheroutedrivenandthetimeofday

Me asur es:En v ironmentallyfriendly,climate-

E� Mitigatenoiseontherailways

Currentsituation

Theproblemsassociatedwithnoiseare especiallyacuteinrailtransport,because mainlinesfrequentlyrunthroughdensely populatedareasandcauseconsiderablenoise nuisanceforpeoplelivingneartheselines. Againstthebackgroundofincreasingtrans­portoperations,therisinglevelsofnoiseemis­sionstheyentailmustbeminimized.Inaddi ­tiontotheconstructionofnoisebarriers,the procurementoflow-noisefreightwagonsand theretrofittingofexistingwagonstomake themquieterareofparticularimportance.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Creationofincentivesfortheretrofittingof rollingstocktoreducethenoisecausedby freightwagons,byintroducinganeffective differentiationoftrackaccesschargesbased onnoiseemissions.

Impact

Thespeedyintroductionofasmanylow-noise

friendly,quietandsafetr ansport �1

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policy(seealsotheEU’sFreightTransportLogi­sticsActionPlan).

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureistobeimplementedwithinfive years.

Currentsituation

Thesteadyincreaseintrafficlevelsisprodu ­cingagrowingnumberofcongestion-prone sectionsofroad.Thepossibilityofvaryingtoll ratesbyplaceandtimecouldhavearegulato­ryimpactonthelevelsofcongestiononthese sections.Atitsspecialcabinetmeetingin MeseberginAugust2007,theFederalGovern­mentdecidedtoachieveanimprovedregula­toryimpactthroughtheHGVtollingsystem.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Developmentofatollratemodelthatuses routeandtimeofdaycategoriesinaddition totheregulatoryimpactbasedonweightand emissions.TheFederalHighwayResearch Instituteistodevelopastrategytoidentifythe potentialinherenttheHGVtollingsystemfora regulatoryimpactthroughavariationoftolls accordingtotheroutedrivenandthetime ofday,takingaccountoftheimpactsonthe logisticssectorandtheeconomy.Thefederal stateswillbeinvolved. Varyingtollratesaccordingtotheroutedriven wouldatpresentalreadybelegallypermis­sibleandtechnologicallyfeasible,inboththe automaticandmanualsystems.Tollsvariedby timearecurrentlyonlyfeasibleusingtheau­tomaticprocedure,becauseherethejourney datarecordedbytheon-boardunitisaccurate totheminutesothattheapplicableratecan becalculatedsimultaneously.Thismeans thattollsvariedbytimecanonlyberealizedif thereisevengreatermarketcoveragewiththe automaticsystem.

Impact

Thismeasureisdesignedtopreventcongesti­onandproduceabettersegregationoftraffic. Itistoidentifytheextenttowhichdifferential tolling–takingaccountofthecostsoftoll collection–canmakeacontributiontothis

objective,therebymakingtransportmore environmentallyfriendlyandreducingits climatechangeimpact.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsisresponsibleforimple­mentingthismeasure.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thismeasurehasnobudgetaryrelevance, becausetheso-calledEurovignetteDirective (Directive1999/62/EC)statesthatdifferential charginghastobefiscallyneutral.Graduating chargesaccordingtotheroutedrivenandthe timeofdayisnotdesignedtogenerateany additionaltollrevenue.Thefundsneeded todevelopthetollingsystemwillhavetobe generatedfromtollrevenue.

EUrelevance

TheEurovignetteDirectiveimposeslimitson theextenttowhichchargesmaybegradua­ted.Itstatesthatthedifferencebetweenthe cheapestandthemostexpensivetollratemay beupto100%andthatgraduatedcharging hastobefiscallyneutral.

Implementationperiod

TheFederalHighwayResearchInstitute istoproposein2008astrategytoiden­tifythepotentialinherentintheHGV tollingsystemforaregulatoryimpact throughavariationoftollsaccordingto theroutedrivenandthetimeofday.

freightwagonsaspossiblewillmakeitpossible toreducetransportnoiseandtheimpairment ofhealthitcauses,therebymakingtransport moreenvironmentallyfriendlyandreducing itsclimatechangeimpact.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsandrailwayinfrastructure managersareresponsibleforimplementing thismeasure.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thebudgetaryrelevanceofthismeasurewill dependonthenatureofthedifferentiation.

�� Measures:Environmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quietandsafetransport Measures:Environmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quietandsafetransport ��

E3 Establishafinancialassistanceprogrammetoencouragetheuseofmodern E4 Optimizeprocessesinthelogisticschaintakinggreateraccountofenvironmentalconcerns

Currentsituation thefreightwagonfleet,therebysignificantly Theproblemsassociatedwithnoiseareespe­ mitigatingtheimpactofnoiseonresidents. ciallyacuteintherailfreightsector,because mainlinesfrequentlyrunthroughdenselypo- Responsibility

pulatedareasandcauseconsiderablenuisance Thepilotandinnovationprogrammewillbe forpeoplelivingneartheselines.Residents’ controlledbyaninterministerialworking qualityoflifecouldbeimprovedbytheuseof groupwiththeFederalMinistryofTransport, newtechnologies,suchasinnovativebrake BuildingandUrbanAffairsasleaddepart­blocksforfreightwagons.Thedevelopment ment,EU(stateaidissues,possiblyuniformEU andretrofittingofimprovedbrakeblocktypes solution). entailsrisksandopportunitiesforrailway undertakings.Atpresent,however,thereare Budgetaryrelevance

neitherincentivesnorobligationstounder- The2008federalbudgetincludes100million takesucharetrofit. eurosinthe“noisemitigation“item.Ofthis

sum,10millioneurosarering-fencedforthe Descriptionofthemeasure pilotandinnovationprogramme.Atotalofup Apilotprojectistobelaunchedfortheretro­ to40millioneuros,distributedoverfouryears, fittingofexistingfreightwagonstoreducethe willbeprovidedforthispurpose. noisetheycause.Onaselectedbusycorridor (RhineValley),theshort-termuseofquiet EUrelevance

freightwagonsistodeliverpracticalfindings ThismeasurewillrequireEuropeanCommis­aboutthenecessaryengineeringandauthori­ sionapproval. zations.Inparallel,aprogrammecomponent forthecollectionofdataonwagonsistolay Implementationperiod

thefoundationsforfurthermeasures,espe- Aroundtwotofouryearswillberequiredto ciallywithregardtoarevenue-neutralemissi­ retrofitthewagons. ons-basedrailinfrastructurechargingsystem. Theobjectiveoftheinnovationprogramme istofurtherimprovenoise-reducingretrofit solutionsforolder,noisyfreightwagonsand tomakethesesolutionsmorewidelyavailable. Theaimistoreducethecostsofdeveloping improvedbrakeblocktypesforretrofitting andtospeedupdevelopment.

Impact

Thismeasurewillhelptomaketransport moreenvironmentallyfriendlyandreduceits impactonclimatechangebyseekingtosubs­tantiallyreducethelevelofnoisecausedby

technologiestoreducethenoisecausedbyrollingstock

Currentsituation measurewillbefundedfromtheFederal Efficientlogisticssystemsandnetworksare MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban acrucialfactorinthesuccessofbusinesses Affairs’budget. andlocationsinnationalandinternational competition.However,efficientsystemsdo EUrelevance

not,bythemselves,automaticallymeanthat ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUenviron­optimumconsiderationisgiventoenviron­ mentalandtransportpolicy,accordingto mentalconcerns.Examplesdoshow,however, whichfreighttransportandlogisticscanmake thattechnologicalinnovationsandoptimized acontributiontoenvironmentalprotection processes,withtheinvolvementofproducers, andclimatechangemitigation,inparticular canresultinbetterprofitabilityandcompeti ­ byunlockingpotentialforCO²savings. tivenesswhiletakingaccountofenvironmen­talconcerns. Implementationperiod

Thestrategyistobedevelopedin2008/2009. Descriptionofthemeasure

Incentivesaretobedevelopedtooptimize processesinthelogisticschaintakinggreater accountofenvironmentalconcerns.Inparti­cular,theimpactoffinancialassistanceincen ­tivesforvoluntaryenvironmentalcertification (e.g.ISO14001andEMAS)ofthelogisticschain istobeconsidered.

Impact

Thismeasureisdesignedtoenhancethe efficiencyofthelogisticschainandtoresultin furthercontributionsbeingmadetoenviron­mentalprotectionandclimatechangemitiga­tion,forinstancebyreducingCO²emissions.

Responsibility

Incentivesand,ifappropriate,fundingstrate­gieswillbedevelopedbytheFederalMinistry ofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs.Ship­pers,forwardersandlogisticsoperatorswillbe responsibleforimplementingthemeasures.

Budgetaryrelevance

Thefundingrequiredforpublicsectorfinan ­cialassistanceprogrammesisestimatedto bearound€4to6millionperannum.This

�� Measures:Environmentallyfriendly,climate-friendly,quietandsafetransport Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry ��

E� Furthertightenenvironmentalandsafetystandards(emissionsreduction,

noisemitigation,safetytechnology)

Currentsituation

TheFederalGovernmenthassetitselfthe objectiveofreducingthegreenhousegas emissionscausedbyGermanyby40%by2020 comparedwith1990levels.Thetransportsec­torhastoplayitspartinachievingthisgoal. Thisappliesespeciallytoheavygoodsvehicle traffic,becauseroadhaulageaccountsforone thirdofallCO²emissionsfromroadtransport. Inaddition,thefactthatcurrentforecastspre­dictagrowthinlevelsoffreighttrafficmeans thatlegitimatequestionsoftransportsafety andnoisemitigationareincreasinglybeco­mingthefocusofpublicattention.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Theexistingprogrammeofinnovationisto beevolved–possiblywithintheframework ofthetollcompensationmeasures–towards theprovisionoffurtherfinancialassistance toencouragethepurchaseofcleanerand quieterHGVs.Inaddition,itisalsotocover issuesrelatingtotransportsafetytechnology andefficientlogisticssystems.Inthisway,for instance,electronicstabilityprogrammes suchasESPandothermodernsafetytechno­logies,especiallydriverassistancesystems, couldbeintroducedearlierthanrequiredby law.Ininlandnavigation,theexistingfinan ­cialassistanceprogrammestoencouragethe purchaseoflow-emissionenginesandparti­culatetrapswillbeoptimizedand,ifapprop ­riate,continued.Usingmorebiofuelsinthe freighttransportsectorcanalsohelptoreduce CO²emissions.Inthiscontext,possibilities forusingmorevegetableoilandbiodieselin HGVs,localpublictransportandinlandnavi­gation,includingtechnicalconversion,should beexplored.

Impact F Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry Thesemeasuresaredesignedtohelpreduce CO²emissionsandimprovesafetyintheroad haulagesector.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairshasleadresponsibilityfor evolvingtheprogrammesofinnovation.

Budgetaryrelevance

Implementationofthemeasureswillhavea neutralimpactonthebudget.

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwiththeEUob­jectivesofmakingfreighttransportclimate­friendlyandenvironmentallyacceptable andimprovingroadsafety.Thefinancial assistanceprogrammewillrequireEuropean Commissionapproval.

Implementationperiod

Workondevelopingthefundingguidelinesis tocommencein2008.Thepreparatoryperiod leadinguptotheentryintoforceofthefun­dingguidelineswillprobablybemorethan oneyear.

�� Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry ��

F1 Stepuptheenforcementofsociallegislationintheroadhaulagesector

toimproveroadsafety

Currentsituation

Infringementsofroadsafetyrulesorsocial legislationareoftenamajorfactorinserious roadaccidents.Monitoringcompliancewith theserulesmakesamajorcontributiontoge­neralroadsafetyandtotheprotectionofthe socialwelfareofthecrews.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Continuous,targetedevaluationoftheresults ofcheckscarriedoutbytheFederalOfficefor GoodsTransportandthefederalstates,inclu­dingchecksofvehiclesfromotherEUMember Statesandthirdcountries(monitoring). • Atthenationallevel,proposalsforimpro­

vingthecheckingstrategyaretobederi­vedfromtheresults.Ifnecessary,special checksaretobecarriedout.

• AttheEuropeanlevel,theresultsareto informtheevolutionoftheregulatory framework.

• Inadditional,atnationallevel,theissue istofeaturemorestronglyintraining,for instanceofprofessionaldrivers,haulage operatorsandlogisticians.

Impact

Thismeasurewillresultinbettercompliance withsociallegislationinthefreighttransport industry. Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,theFederalOfficeforGoods Transport,thefederalstatesandthebodies thatprovidetrainingareresponsibleforim­plementingthemeasure.

Budgetaryrelevance

Implementationofthemeasurewillhavea neutralimpactonthebudget.

EUrelevance

Whenthemeasureisimplemented,theEu­ropeanregulatoryframeworkgoverningthe roadhaulagesectoristobeobserved.

Implementationperiod

Themeasureistobeimplementedcontinuous­lystartingin2008.Initialresultsareexpected inthesummerof2008.

F� Launchabasicandfurthertraininginitiative

Currentsituation sector.Astheregulatorybodyresponsible Inallspheresoflogistics,thereisanincreased for90%ofalltrainingregulations,theFede­needforskilledpersonnel.Thisneedranges ralMinistryofEconomicsandTechnology fromprofessionaldriverstohighlyskilled willalsoissuepractice-orientedtraining professionalswithanacademicbackground. regulationsthatreflecttherequirementsof Despitethis,fartoofewoperatorshavesofar industryandtechnology,asithasalready offeredtheiremployeesarangeofbasicand doneinrecentyearsforthefieldsoffreight furthertrainingcourses.Itisimperativethat forwarding,inventorymanagementand operatorsbemademoreawareofthepotential courier,expressandpostalservices.Asfar benefitofawiderrangeofskillsschemesand asfurthertrainingisconcerned,theFede­developtheircommitmenttowideningthe ralMinistryofEducationandResearch,as rangeofin-companytrainingcourses.There thedepartmentresponsible,willdevelop isgreatunusedpotentialherewhich,ifunlo­ appropriateschemes,withtheinvolve­cked,willhelptomeetthedemandforskilled mentofthesocialpartners,inparticular. workersandproduceadditionalscopefor enhancingproductivity.Thecontentsofthe Impact

trainingcourseswillhavetobecontinuously Byquicklyrelievingtheshortageofperson­adapted(technically,organizationally,etc.) nel,raisingtheskillslevelandimproving toongoingdevelopmentsarisingasaresultof thesector’simage,wewilllaythefounda­globalization,forinstance. tionsforgoodworkingconditionsandgood Atpresent,over40%ofthoseemployedinthe traininginthefreighttransportindustry. freighttransportandlogisticssectorhaveno vocationalqualification.Ifthissectorofthe Responsibility

economyistohaveapromisingfuture,the TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building skillsofitsworkforcehavetobeimproved.To andUrbanAffairswillbetheinitiator,toge­solvetheseproblems,allthestakeholders,i.e. therwiththeFederalMinistryofEconomics industry,traininginstitutionsandpublicaut­ andTechnologyandtheFederalMinistry horities,havetocooperatemorecloselythan ofEducationandResearch.Trainingins­theyhavedoneinthepast.TheNationalPact titutionsincooperationwiththebusiness forTrainingandYoungSkilledWorkersinGer­ community,theAssociationofGerman manyisoneexampleofsuccessfulcooperation ChambersofIndustryandCommerce, inthefieldoftraining.Similarschemeshaveto freighttransportassociations,theFederal becreatedforfurthertraining. EmploymentAgency,theFederalInstitu­

teforVocationalEducationandTraining Descriptionofthemeasure andtheGermanLogisticsAssociation. Workshopsandinformationmeetingsare tobeheldforbetterlink-upandcooperation Budgetaryrelevance

betweentheplayersattheworkinglevel, Implementationofthemeasurewillhavea andanimagecampaignistobelaunchedto neutralimpactonthebudget. highlightcareeropportunitiesinthelogistics

�� Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtrans­portpolicy(seealsotheEU’sFreight TransportLogisticsActionPlan).

Implementationperiod

Startingin2009,foraperiodofinitiallyfive years.

Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry ��

F� Holdregularsummitsonthesubjectofworkandtraininginthefreight

transportandlogisticssector

Currentsituation

Theavailabilityofsufficientwelltrained personnelatalllevelsofactivityisabsolutely essentialifoperatorsaretohaveefficientpro ­cessandtransportchainsandenhancetheir corporateefficiency.Inaddition,workingcon ­ditionsareofcrucialimportancetotheeffici ­encyoftheworkforceandtheattractiveness ofthevariousoccupationalprofiles.Today, already,thereisincreasingdemandforskilled personnelinallfieldsoffreighttransportand logistics.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Holdingregularsummitswiththeparticipa­tionoftheFederalGovernment,operators, associationsandunionswillhelpthestake­holderstoreachagreementonthesituation concerningrecruiting,furthertrainingand workingconditions.Thesummitsaretobe usedtokick-startandmonitortheactivities ofthefurthertraininginitiative(cf.parallel measure)andtorecordanddiscussthepro­gressandresultsachieved.Subsequently, concreteagreementsaretobereachedonhow tofurtherimprovethesituationandtopush forwardtheinitiative’sintegrationintothe skillsinitiativeforGermany.Atthesametime, theworkingconditionsinthefreighttrans­portandlogisticssectoraretobeaddressedin ordertounlockpotentialforimprovement.

Impact

Byquicklyrelievingtheshortageofpersonnel andraisingtheskillslevel,wewilllaythefoun­dationsforgoodworkingconditionsandgood traininginthefreighttransportindustry. Quantificationoftheadditionalworkersto berecruitedthroughtheMasterplan,andof thosewithsuperiorskillslevels,istotakeplace asthetraininginitiativeprogresses.

Responsibility

ThesummitsaretobefacilitatedbytheFede­ralGovernment,withtheFederalMinistryof Transport,BuildingandUrbanAffairs,Federal MinistryofLabourandSocialAffairs,Federal MinistryofEducationandResearchandFede­ralMinistryofEconomicsandTechnologyco­operatingclosely.Theeventsaretobestaged jointlywiththeindustry.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.

EUrelevance

IntheCommission’sFreightTransportLo­gisticsActionPlan,thesubjectofpersonnel andtrainingisdealtwithundertheheading “SustainableQualityandEfficiency”.Incon ­creteterms,theCommissionintendstowork togetherwithEuropeansocialpartnersand stakeholdersonthemutualrecognitionof trainingcertificatesandtolaunchadialogue tofindwaysofimprovingtheattractivenessof freighttransportlogisticsoccupations.

Implementationperiod

Implementationofthemeasureisduetostart in2008.

�0 Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry �1

F4 Launchalighthouseprojecttoimprovetheinternationalprofileoflogistics F� Monitortheworkingconditionsinthefreighttransportandlogisticssectoraspart

coursesinhighereducation ofthemarketobservationactivitiesoftheFederalOfficeforGoodsTransport

Currentsituation searchinstitutionsandthenationallink-upof Currentsituation EUrelevance

TheGermansystemforthetrainingofma­ institutionsofhighereducation.Thecourseof Today,freighttransportandlogisticsare ItisnotbelievedthatthismeasurehasanyEU nagementexecutivesinthefieldoffreight studyistoestablishbenchmarksandsetexa­ amongthemajoreconomicfactorsforGerma­ relevance. transportandlogisticsisofahighstandard, mplesofgoodpractice.Internationallyrecog­ ny.Thepeopleinthissectorareoneofthekey butatpresentittendstoplayasubordinate nizedexamplesaretobetakenintoaccount. factorsdeterminingitscontinuingsuccessful Implementationperiod

roleinternationally.Themultiplicityofplayers development.Atpresent,thissectorhasa Thismeasureistobeimplementedstartingin andthecompetitionbetweeninstitutescreate Impact workforceofaround2.6million,whogene­ 2008. link-upandcoordinationproblems,whichre- Ifhighlyqualifiedmanagementexecutives ratemorethan€180billionayear.Operators sultinalackofrecognition.Itisthereforediffi ­ trainedtoGermanstandardsoperateatthe arefindingitincreasinglydifficulttorecruit culttopresentapositiveimageofthetopjobs internationallevelaswell,thiswillenhance sufficientnumbersofskilledpersonnel.One inthefreighttransportandlogisticssector,to thecompetitivenessofGermanyasacentrefor ofthereasonsforthiscouldbethatthewor­achieveinternationalrecognitionoftheGer­ logisticsandmakeitmoreattractiveasaplace kingconditionsaregenerallyconsideredtobe mantrainingcoursesforlogisticsmanagers todobusiness.Inaddition,thecourseofstudy unattractive(weekendwork,shiftwork,heavy andtodisseminateandimplementthehigh willmakeitpossibletobetterlinkupthehigher physicalwork,lowpay,etc.). standardsoftheGermanfreighttransportand educationlandscapeinGermanyandmight logisticssectorinternationally. –evenwhileitisstillatthedrawing-board Descriptionofthemeasure

ThemarketingofGermanyasacentreforlo­ stage–createthenecessarytransparency,drive Aspartofthemarketobservationactivities gisticsinaglobalizedworld,inwhichlogistics forwardanexchangeofexperience,launchcol­ conductedbytheFederalOfficeforGoods functionswillbeofevergreaterimportance, laborativeschemesandhaveapositiveimpact Transport,thismeasureisdesignedtofacili­dependsheavilyonthequalityandrecogniti­ onthewayinwhichthetrainingcoursesat tateanannualevaluationoftheworkingcon­onofGermanexpertiseinthelogisticssector. institutionsofhighereducationarefleshedout. ditionsinthefreighttransportandlogistics Thisrequiresanintensificationoftheefforts sector.Itistoprovidethesocialpartnerswith toimprovetheinternationalprofileofthe Responsibility arobustevidencebasefortheirdiscussionsof trainingofmanagementexecutivesbycon- Institutionsofhighereducation,theindustry, workingconditions.Itisnottoinvolveanyad­ductingalighthouseproject. thefederalstatesandtheFederalGovernment ditionalreportingrequirementsforoperators.

(FederalMinistryofTransport,Buildingand Descriptionofthemeasure UrbanAffairs)asfacilitatorareresponsiblefor Impact

Theaimistocreateaninternationallyrecog­ thismeasure. Betterandcontinuallyupdatedevidenceon nizedcourseofstudyforthebasicandfurther workingconditionsinthefreighttransport trainingofnationalandinternationalma- Budgetaryrelevance andlogisticssector. nagementexecutivesinthefreighttransport Implementationofthismeasurewillhavea andlogisticssector.Thiswillinvolvethecreati­ neutralimpactonthebudget. Responsibility

onofa“lighthousecourseofstudy”bypooling TheFederalOfficeforGoodsTransportisre ­theinitiativesofthemajorplayerswhoprovide EUrelevance sponsible. traininginthefieldoflogistics(linkingupthe ItisnotbelievedthatthismeasurehasanyEU principaltrainingstructuresthatoperatein relevance. Budgetaryrelevance

thefieldoflogistics),withtheparticipationof Fundingforthemeasurewillbeprovided theindustry.Theestablishmentofaninterna- Implementationperiod fromtheFederalOfficeforGoodsTransport’s tionallyrecognizedcourseofstudypresup- Theblueprintwillbedrawnupbytheendof budget. posesthecreationofanetworkcomprising 2008.Thecoursewillstartasofthewinter globallyoperatingenterprisesandleadingre­ semesterof2009.

�� Measures:Goodworkingconditionsandgoodtraininginthefreighttransportindustry

F� Improveseafarers‘workingandlivingconditions

Measures:FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractiveasacentreforlogistics ��

G FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractive asacentreforlogistics

Currentsituation

The2006MaritimeLabourConventionof theInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO) containsrulesgoverningseafarers’working andlivingconditions.TheConventioncannot comeintoforceuntilithasbeenratifiedbyat least30statespartiestotheILOwhichhaveat least33%oftheworldgrosstonnageofships. TheConventionwillthusestablishworldwide standards.TheEuropeanCommissionhas calledonEUMemberStatestoratifytheCon­ventionby2012.Thereistheriskofnumerous shipsbeingtransferredtoforeignregisters ifGermanyhasnotratifiedtheConvention whenitcomesintoforce.

Descriptionofthemeasure

TheprocessofratifyingtheConventionisto beprogressed.Inaddition,transpositioninto nationallawwillbetakenasanopportunity tocreateanewmaritimelabourcodeandto modernizenationalmaritimelabourlegislati ­on.Overall,acontributionwillbemadetothe worldwideimprovementofseafarers’working andlivingconditionsandtoanimprovement ofsafetyininternationalmaritimeshipping.

Impact

TheConventionwillimproveseafarers’living andworkingconditions.Inaddition,itwill createalevelplayingfield,therebyoptimizing Germanshipowners’opportunitiesforma­kinglong-termprofits.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofLabourandSocialAf­fairshasleadresponsibilityforimplementing themeasures,whichwillalsobecloselymo­nitoredbytheFederalMinistryofTransport, BuildingandUrbanAffairs.

Budgetaryrelevance

Implementationofthismeasurewillhavea neutralimpactonthebudget.

EUrelevance

Ratificationisrequiredforimplementationof thismeasure.

Implementationperiod

Ratificationandimplementationwillbe soughtby2009.

�� Measures:FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractiveasacentreforlogistics Measures:FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractiveasacentreforlogistics ��

G1 Establishafreighttransportandlogisticsnetwork G� ImplementamarketingstrategytopromoteGermanyasacentreforlogistics

Currentsituation

TheEUisplayinganincreasinglyimportant roleindevelopingtheframeworkforfreight transportandlogistics.IfGermaninterests aretobeeffectivelyarticulated,theplayers requiretimelyinformationonforthcoming projects.Closercoordinationbetweenthe FederalGovernment,theindustryandtrade associationscanmakeitpossibleforthesta­keholderstoadoptapositionquicklyandthus exertinfluenceonEuropeandecisionsatan earlystage.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Establishmentofapermanentnetworkwith fixedfocalpointsintheFederalGovernment, federalstates,tradeassociations,unionsand, ifappropriate,theindustry,toensurethatGer­maninterestsinformtheEU’sdecisionmaking processesearlierandmoreeffectively.

Impact

TheaimistoensurethatGermaninterestsare betterreflected.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,theindustry,tradeassoci­ationsandfederalstatesareresponsiblefor implementingthismeasure.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget.

EUrelevance

Thismeasureistofacilitatemoreeffective cooperationwiththeEU.

Implementationperiod

Thismeasureistobeimplementedbytheend of2008.

Currentsituation

Germanyisahigh-technologylocation.As such,itisbecomingincreasinglydependent, withintheframeworkofaninternational divisionoflabour,onimportedinputs,whose processingandfinalassemblyinGermany createsjobsandsafeguardsthecompeti­tivenessofGermancompanies.Againstthis background,thereareopportunitiesformore economicgrowthandemployment.Ifwewish toseizetheseopportunities,itisabsolutely essentialthatwehaveanefficientandinter­nationallycompetitivefreighttransportand logisticssystem.Asafirst-classlogisticscentre inEurope,Germanyiswellequippedinthis sphere.However,thewayitisperceivedon internationalmarketsisinadequate.Forthis reason,Germanyasalogisticscentrewillbe marketedinaneffectiveandtargetedmanner, andtheseeffortswillbecoordinatedwiththe FederalGovernment’sactivitiestopromote foreigntradeandinvestment.

Descriptionofthemeasure

AmarketingstrategytopromoteGermanyasa centreforlogisticsistobeimplementedinor­dertobetterhighlightinternationallythepo­tentialandqualitiesofGermanyasalogistics centre.Thiswillcomplementthemarketing activitiesofthefederalstatestomakeregional logisticscentresmoreattractive.Thestrategy containsthefollowingapproaches: • Tradefairsandcongresses:Presentations

aretobegivenandcustomerstargeted, forinstancebymeansoftradefairstands andaccompanyingeventssuchasthe GermanLogisticsDay.

• Tripsbydelegations/entrepreneurs:Targe ­tedlogisticspresentationsaretobegiven andbusinessreceptionsandcorporate meetingsheld,amongotherthings.

• Networkingevents:Discussionofthe

marketingactivitiesandmeasuresinthe respectivetargetmarkets,trainingof “salespartners”withintheframeworkof appropriateactivities.Workshopsareto beheldandstrategicpartnershipswith statesandinstitutionsinitiated.

Implementationofthestrategywillbecoordi­natedwiththeFederalMinistryofEconomics andTechnology,theFederalForeignOffice anditsmissionsabroad,andtheindustry.The federalstateswillalsobeinvolved.

Impact

Implementationofthemarketingstrategyis designedtoresultinmoreordersfortheGer­manfreighttransportandlogisticsindustry. Thisislikelytoleadtoadditionalwealthcreati­onandmorejobs.

Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairsandtheindustry,inconsul­tationwiththeFederalMinistryofEconomics andTechnologyandtheFederalForeignOf­fice,willberesponsibleforimplementingthe marketingstrategy.

Budgetaryrelevance

€600,000isavailablefor2008intheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrbanAf­fairs’budget.Theindustryhasindicatedthatit willprovidecomplementaryfunding.

EUrelevance

ThisisameasuretomakeGermanyevenmore attractiveasacentreforlogisticsininternatio­nalcompetition.

Implementationperiod

Implementationofthemarketingstrategyis duetohavestartedbymid-2008.

�� Measures:FurthermeasurestomakeGermanyevenmoreattractiveasacentreforlogistics Glossaryofabbreviations ��

G� Securitystrategyforthefreighttransportandlogisticsindustry Glossary of abbreviations Currentsituation

Theattacksof11Septembershowedthatglo­balizationandtheassociatedinternationalin ­terdependencymakefreighttransportandlo­gisticsmorevulnerable.Crimeandterrorism preventionarethereforeimportantfieldsin theevolutionoffreighttransportandlogistics. Inparticular,transportchainsecurityandthe protectionofcriticaltransportinfrastructure arebecomingincreasinglyimportantthroug­houttheworld.However,transport,likeno othersphereoflife,isdependentonsmooth flowsanddelay-freeoperations.Wefacethe challengeofstrikingabalancebetweensecu­rityandmobility.Securitygains,redtapeand economicefficiencyhavetoberegularlyweig ­hedagainstoneanother.Inparticular,secu­ritymeasuresarenottoresultincompetitive disadvantagesvis-à-visforeignserviceprovi­dersorinonemodeoftransportbeingplaced atadisadvantagecomparedwiththeothers.

Descriptionofthemeasure

Theaimistoevolvethesecuritystrategy, takingaccountofthefollowingaspects,which areofgreatimportancetothefreighttrans­portandlogisticsindustry: • Inordernottoplaceaburdenonoperators

intheformofunreasonablemeasures,in­formationontheexistingsecurityregimes willbegathered,reviewedandassessed.

• Thisstock-takingexercisewillbefollo­wedbyacomparativestudyofthevarious securitylevels.Thisisdesignedtoidentify the“weakestlinks”inthesupplychains, inordertoderivenecessaryandtargeted securitymeasures.Itisimportantthatan impactassessmentbecarriedout.Those tasksforwhichtheindustryitselfistobe responsibleshouldalsobedetermined.

• Thenetworkcomprisingthepublic authorities,industry,tradeassociations

andacademiawillbecontinued andexpanded.

• TheFederalGovernmentwillcon­tinueitscivilsecurityresearchpro­gramme,whichwaslaunchedin 2007.Oneoftheprioritiesistobere­searchintologisticschainsecurity.

• Ifrecognizedstandardsaretobe createdinthefieldofcivilsecurity, clearlydefinedinternationalcoor- dinationisrequired.

Impact

Thismeasureisdesignedtohelpenhancethe securityofthesupplychainsandthusalsoof thepeopleemployedinthefreighttransport industry. Responsibility

TheFederalMinistryofTransport,Building andUrbanAffairs,FederalMinistryofEdu­cationandResearch,FederalMinistryofthe Interior,tradeassociationsandoperatorsare responsibleforimplementingthismeasure.

Budgetaryrelevance

ThismeasurewillbefundedfromtheFederal MinistryofTransport,BuildingandUrban Affairs’budget,exceptinthosecaseswhere thesecurityresearchprogrammeisaffected (fundedfromtheFederalMinistryofEduca­tionandResearch’sbudget).

EUrelevance

ThismeasureisconsistentwithEUtransport policy.

Implementationperiod

Workonimplementingthismeasureistostart immediately.

ARAports CO² DBAG DGTREN EC EMAS ESP ETCS EU EU-27 HGV ICAO ILO ISO ITS km kWh PPP SPC t TEN tkm

PortsoftheNorthSeacoastalcitiesofAmsterdam, RotterdamandAntwerp

Carbondioxide

DeutscheBahnAktiengesellschaft(GermanRail ways) EuropeanCommissionDirectorate-Generalfor EnergyandTransport

EuropeanCommunity

Eco-ManagementandAuditScheme

Electronicstabilityprogrammeformotorvehicles

EuropeanTrainControlSystem

EuropeanUnion

TheEuropeanUnioninitscurrentcomposition, with27MemberStates

Heavygoodsvehicle

InternationalCivilAviationOrganization

InternationalLabourOrganization

InternationalOrganizationforStandardization

Intelligenttransportsystems

Kilometre

Kilowatt-hour

Publicprivatepartnership

ShortSeaShippingInlandWaterwayPromotion Center Tonne

Trans-Europeannetwork

Tonne-kilometre

�� ��

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Publisher

DieBundesregierung (The Federal Government) representedby BundesministeriumfürVerkehr,BauundStadtentwicklung (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs) Invalidenstr.44 10115Berlin Germany

Editor

BundesministeriumfürVerkehr,BauundStadtentwicklung (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs) ReferatA32 Invalidenstr.44 10115Berlin Germany ref-a32@bmvbs.bund.de www.bmvbs.de/en

Release

September2008

Layout

BeateReußner,Berlin,Germany

Printedby

DruckereiConradGmbH,Berlin,Germany

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