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8/8/2019 French Learning1
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French Learning
The French alphabets are pronounced as follows :
A B C D E F G H
vk cs ls ns v ,Q ts vkk
I J K L M N O P
b f> dk vsy~ vse~ vsu~vks is
Q R S T U V W X
dw ,sj vsl~ rs v~;w os nwCy osbDl
Y Z
bxzsd tsn
Pronounciation :i. In French the letter h is mostly silent. As a letter it has a sound but in words it is not
pronounced mostly most of the time.
Home - om vkSEeHotel - otel vksrsyHorloge - orloge vkSjykst
ii. The letter j sounds like s in measure :
JeJardin
iii. The letter t and d have a soft pronounciation like r and n of Hindi alphabets.Tu - R;w Disque - nhLdTomate - rksekr Diner - nhusTable - rkCy Difficile - nhQhlhy
iv. The letter c, is followed by letter I and e, sounds like s but elsewhere sounds
like k :ce - l comment - dkekWa
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Cette - lsr caf - dkQscidre - flnz carte - dkrZ
v. In French, ch always has the sound of sh not as that in chair. It can be better
explained with the help of Hindi letter i.e. p sounds does not exist, ch togetherhas k sounds.chaise - kst+chateau - kkrkschanter - kkarschapeau - kkiks
vi. RULE OF ASCENTS :
You must have noticed that there are marks over some of the French letters. These
marks are called ascents and they play an important role in the Frenchpronunciation and meaning :
a. Laccent aigu (the acute accent) found on letter e
b. Laccent grave (the grave accent) found on letters a,e,u c. Laccent circonflexe ^ (the circumflex accent) which can come on any vowel-
a,e,i, o, u
Counting in French :
1 Un vka
2 Deux nk
3 Trios =qvk
4 Quatre Ds=5 Cinq lsUd
6 Six fll
7 Sept lsr
8 Huit for
9 Neuf uQ
10 Dix fnt
11 Onze vksUt
12 Douze nwt
13 Treize =st
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14 Quatorze dSrkstZ
15 Quinze dSUt
16 Seize lSt
17 dix-sept fnt&lsr
18 Dix-huit fnt&fon19 dix-neuf fnt&uQ
20 Vingt osUr
21 Vingt-et-un osUr ,s vka
22 Vingt-deux osUr n
23 Vingt-trois osUr =qvk
24 Vingt-quatre osUr&dS=
25 Vingt-cinq osUr&lSUd
26 Vingt-six osUr&fll27 Vingt-sept osUr&lsr
28 Vingt-huit osUr&fon~
29 Vingt-neuf osUr&uQ
30 Trente =ksUr
31 Trente-et-un =ksUr&,&vka
32 Trente-deux =ksUr&n
33 Trente-trois =ksUr =qvk
34 Trente-quatre =ksUr dS=
35 Trente-cinq =ksUr&lSUd36 Trente-six =ksUr&lsl
37 Trente-sept =ksUr&lsr
38 Trente-huit =ksUr&fon
39 Trente-neuf =ksUr&uQ+
40 Quarante dSjksUr
41 Quarante-et-un dSjksUr&,&vka
42 Quarante-deux dSjksUr&,&n
43 Quarante-trois dSjksUr&=qvk44 Quarante-quatre dSjksUr&dSr
45 Quarante-cinq dSjksUr&lSUd
46 Quarante-six dSjksUr&fll
47 Quarante-sept dSjksUr&lsr
48 Quarante-huit dSjksUr&fon
49 Quarante-neuf dSjkUr&uQ
50 Cinquante lSUdksUr
51 Cinquante-et-un lSUdksUr&,&vka
52 Cinquante-deux lSUdksUr&n
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53 Cinquante-trois lSUdksUr&=qvk
54 Cinquante-quatre lSUdksUr&dS=
55 Cinquante-cinq lSUdksUr&lSUd
56 Cinquante-six lSUdksUr&fll
57 Cinquante-sept lSUdksUr&lsr58 Cinquante-huit lSUdksUr&fon
59 Cinquante-neuf lSUdksUr&uQ
60 Soixante lqvklksUr
61 Soixante-et-un lqqvklksUr&,&vka
62 Soixante-deux lqvklksUr&n
63 Soixante-trois lqvklksUr&=qvk
64 Soixante-quatre lqvklksUr&dS=
65 Soixante-cinq lqvklksUr&lsUd66 Soixante-six lqvklksUr lst
67 Soixante-sept lqvklksUr&lsr
68 Soixante-huit lqvklksUr&fon
69 Soixante-neuf lqvklksUr&uQ
70 Soixante-dix lqvklksUr&fnt
71 Soixante-et-onze lqvklksUr&,&vksUt
72 Soixante-et-douze lqvklksUr&,&nwt
73 Soixante-treize lqvklksUr&=st
74 Soixante-quatorze lqvklksUr dsrkstZ75 Soixante-quinze lqvklksUr&dSUt
76 Soixante-seize lqvklksUr&lst
77 Soixante-dix-sept lqvklksUr&nht&lsr
78 Soixante-dix-huit lqvklksUr&nht&fon
79 Soixante-dix-neuf lqvklksUr&nht&uQ
80 Quatre-vingt dS=&oSUr
81 Quatre-vingt-un dS=&oSUr&vka
82 Quatre-vingt-deux dS=&oSUr&n83 Quatre-vingt-trois dS=&oSUr&=qvk
84 Quatre-vingt-quatre dS=&oSUr&dS=
85 Quatre-vingt-cinq dS=&oSUr&lSUd
86 Quatre-vingt-six dS=&oSUr&lst
87 Quatre-vingt-sept dS=&oSUr&lsr
88 Quatre-vingt-huit dS=&oSUr&fon
89 Quatre-vingt-neuf dS=&oSUr&uQ+
90 Quatre-vingt-dix dS=&oSUr&fnt
91 Quatre-vingt-onze dS=&oSUr&vksUt
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92 Quatre-vingt-douze dS=&oSUr&nwt
93 Quatre-vingt-treize dS=&oSUr&=st
94 Quatre-vingt-quatorze dS=&oSUr&dSrkstZ
95 Quatre-vingt-quinze dS=&oSUr&dsUt
96 Quatre-vingt-seize dS=&oSUr&lst97 Quatre-vingt-dix-sept dS=&oSUr&nht&lsr
98 Quatre-vingt-dix-huit dS=&oSUr&fnt&fon
99 Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf dS=&oSUr&fnt&uQ
100 Cent lka
101 Cent un Lkka va
105 Cent cinq Lka lSad~
110 Cent dix Lka nht
200 Deux cents n~;~ lka500 Cinq cent lSad lka
1000 Mille fey
5000 Cinq mille lSa fey~
10000 Dix mille nh fey
1,000,000 Cent mille lka fey
2,000,000 Deux millions n~;~ fefyvksa
vii. The ordinal numbers : they show the order in which the persons or things are
mentioned :First : Premier (m) - izfe ;s
Premiere (f) - izfe;sjSecond: second (m) - ldksaor deuxieme - n~;~f>vse~
seconde (f) - lxksan~Any ordinal can be formed by adding-ieme to that cardinal number.
viii. Fractions : QzkdL;ksa
un quart - va dkj~
une moitie v~;wu~ Lokfrvs
trois quarts - =ok dkj~
1/3 un tiers - va frvsj~
2/3 deux tiers n~;~ frvsj~
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1/5 un cinquieme - va lSafdvsae~
1/6 un sixieme - va flftvse~
1/7 un septieme - va lsfrvse~
ix. Date is expressed as Le Sept Mai (7th May) : y lsr~ esIst may : Le premier mai y izfe;s esTitles : Charles sept kky~Z lsr
Nepoleon premierukiksysvksa izfe ;s
x. LIAISON ` fyvst+ksa % LinkingThe french link certain words while speaking. However, this is not done in writing.
Linking renders the speech more fluent and musical. This is like lfU/k inSanskrit. The final consonant of a word is usually linked to the first vowel of the
following word if they belong to the same grammatical or breath group.
i.e. Un enfant vaukaQka (a child) instead of va vkaQka ,Il est aussi bysrksLlh (he is also) in stead of by vs vksLlh
Certain rules : At the point of linking the consonant undergoes a change.
S or X sounds as > : les amis ys>kfe (the friends) instead of ys vkeh
D .. . . .. r % un grand home va xzkarksEe (a big man) instead ofvaxzkWa vksEe~F .. . . . . . o % neuf heures (9 OClock) uQvj~ instead ofuQ~ v~;j
GrammaireIn French, verbs are divided into 3 groups :
First Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends iner
Second Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends in ir
Third Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends inre and irregular verbs.
First Group of verbs er verbs
i. All verbs whose infinitive ends in er belong to this group (except aller)
ii. The present tense of allerverbs in conjugated by removing theer ending andadding the endings e, es, e, ons, ez, ent to the radical of the verb.
i.e. Infinitive parler--------- Radical parl
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Meanings :
Je I Nous We
Tu you Vous you
Il he Ils they (m.p.)Elle She Elles they (f.p.)
Present tense of Verb
Parler - to speak (ikysZ) Habiter to live (vkfcrs)
Je parle,
Tu parles,
Il parle,
Elle parle,
Nous parlons,
Vous parlez,
Ils parlent (m.p.)
Elles parlent (f.p)
I speak,
You speak,
He/it speaks,
She/it speaks,
We speak,
You speak,
They speak (m.p.)
They speak (f.p.)
J' habite
Tu habites
Il habite
Elle habite
Nous habitons
Vous habitez
Ils habitent
Elles habitent
I live
You live
He/it lives
She/it lives
We live
You live
They live
They live
Visiter to visit (foftrs) couter - to listen(,dqrs)
Je visite
Tu visites
Il visite
Elle visite
Nous visitons
Vous visitez
Ils visitent
Elles visitent
I visit
You visit
He/it visits
She/it visits
We visit
You visit
They visit
They visit
J' coute
Tu coutes
Il coute
Elle coute
Nous coutons
Vous coutez
Ils coutons
Elles coutons
I listen
You listen
He/it listens
She/it listens
We listen
You listen
They listen (m.p.)
They listen (f.p.)
NOTE : Jeis shortened to Jbefore vowels and silenth.
prfrer to prefer(izsQsjs) Demander to demand(nekWUns)
Je prfre
Tu prfres
Il prfre
Elle prfre
Nous prfrons
Vous prfrez
Ils prfrent
Elles prfrent
I prefer
You prefer
He/it prefers
She/it prefers
We prefer
You prefer
They prefer
(m.p.)They prefer (f.m.)
Je demande
Tu demandes
Il demande
Elle demande
Nous demandons
Vous demandez
Ils demandent
Elles demandent
I ask
You ask
He/it asks
She/it asks
We ask
You ask
They ask
They ask
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Regarder to look at (jxknsZ) tudier to study (,rqfn,)
Je regarde
Tu regardes
Il regarde
Elle regarde
Nous regardons
Vous regardez
Ils regardent
Elles regardent
I watch
You watch
He/it watches
She/it watches
We watch
You watch
They watch
They watch
J tudie
Tu tudies
Il tudie
Elle tudie
Nous tudions
Vous tudiez
Ils tudient
Elles tudient
I study
You study
He/it studies
She/it studies
We study
You study
They study
They study
Donner to give (nksus) Travailler to work (=okb,)
Je donneTu donnes
Il donne
Elle donne
Nous donnons
Vous donnez
Ils donnent
Elles donnent
I giveYou give
He/it gives
She/it gives
We give
You give
They give
They give
Je travailleTu travailles
Il travaille
Elle travaille
Nous travaillons
Vous travaillez
Ils travaillent
Elles travaillent
I workYou work
He/it works
She/it works
We work
You work
They work
They work
Jouer to play (tq,) Aimer to like (,Ses)Je joue
Tu joues
Il joue
Elle joue
Nous jouons
Vous jouez
Ils jouent
Elles jouent
I play
You play
He/it plays
She/it plays
We play
You play
They play
They play
J aime
Tu aimes
Il aime
Elle aime
Nous aimons
Vous aimez
Ils aiment
Elles aiment
I like
You like
He/it likes
She/it likes
We like
You like
They like
They like
Dtester to hate (nsrLrs) Djeuner to have lunch/breakfast(nt+us)
Je dteste
Tu dtestes
Il dteste
Elle dteste
Nous dtestons
Vous dtestez
Ils dtestentElles dtestent
I hate
You hate
He/it hates
She/it hates
We hate
You hate
They hateThey hate
Je djeune
Tu djeunes
Il djeune
Elle djeune
Nous djeunons
Vous djeunez
Ils djeunentElles djeunent
I eat lunch
You eat lunch
He/it eats lunch
She/it eats lunch
We eat lunch
You eat lunch
They eat lunchThey eat lunch
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Chanter to sing (kkWUrs) Inviter to invite (bfUors)
Je chante
Tu chantes
Il chanteElle chante
Nous chantons
Vous chantez
Ils chantent
Elles chantent
I sing
You sing
He/it singsShe/it sings
We sing
You sing
They sing
They sing
J invite
Tu invites
Il inviteElle invite
Nous invitons
Vous invitez
Ils invitent
Elles invitent
I invite
You invite
He/it invitesShe/it invites
We invite
You invite
They invite
She/it invites
Marcher to walk (ekWksZ) Fermer to close (QSes)
Je marche
Tu marchesIl marche
Elle marche
Nous marchons
Vous marchez
Ils marchent
Elles marchent
I walk
You walkHe/it walks
She/it walks
We walk
You walk
They walk
They walk
Je ferme
Tu fermesIl ferme
Elle ferme
Nous fermons
Vous fermez
Ils ferment
Elles ferment
I close
You closeHe/it closes
She/it closes
We close
You close
They close
They close
Prparer to prepare (izsikjs) Tomber to fall (rkWEcs)
Je prpareTu prpares
Il prpare
Elle prpare
Nous prparons
Vous prparez
Ils prparent
Elles prparent
I prepareYou prepare
He/it prepares
She/it prepares
We prepare
You prepare
They prepare
They prepare
Je tombeTu tombes
Il tombe
Elle tombe
Nous tombons
Vous tombez
Ils tombent
Elles tombent
I fallYou fall
He/it falls
She/it falls
We fall
You fall
They fall
They fall
Pronunciation of commonly used -erending verbs :
Visiter foftrs To visitEcouter ,dqrs To listenPrfrer izsQkjs To preferDemander fnekans To askRegarder fjxknsZ To look at (to watch)Etudier ,rqfn;s To studyDonner nksus To give
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Travailler =sokb;s To workJouer Tw, To playAimer ,ses To like/to loveDtester nsrSLrs To hate
Djeuner nstSus To have lunch/breakfastChanter kkars To singInviter bfUors To inviteMarcher ekSksZ To walkFermer QSeZs To prepareTomber rkSEcs To fall
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Second g roup of verbs irverbs
i. Most verbs whose infinitive ends with ir belong to this group.
ii. The present tense ofir verbs is conjugated by removing the r endings and
addingss, -s, -t, - t, -ssons, -ssez, -ssent, -ssent to the radical of the verb.
i.e. Verb finir Radical fini
Present tense of verb
Finir to finish (fQfuj) Choisir to choose(kqvkfkj)
Je finis
Tu finis
Il finit
Elle finitNous finissons
Vous finissez
Ils finissent (m.p)
Elles finissent (f.p)
I finish
You finish
He/it finishes
She/it finishesWe finish
You finish
They finish
They finish
Je choisis
Tu choisis
Il choisit
Elle choisitNous choisissons
Vous choisissez
Ils choisissent (m.p.)
Elles choisissent (f.p)
I choose
You choose
He/it chooses
She/it choosesWe choose
You choose
They choose
They choose
Grandir (xzkWfUnj)To grow tall, to increase in size
Grossir (xzksflj)To grow bigger or larger
Je grandis
Tu grandis
Il grandit
Elle grandit
Nous grandissons
Vous grandissez
Ils grandissent
Elles grandissent
I grow
You grow
He/it grows
She/it grows
We grow
You grow
They grow
They grow
Je grossis
Tu grossis
Il grossit
Elle grossit
Nous grossissons
Vous grossissez
Ils grossissent
Elles grossissent
I enlarge
You enlarge
He/it enlarges
She/it enlarges
We enlarge
You enlarge
They enlarge
They enlarge
Rougir- To redden ( :ft+j) Remplir to fill (jEifyj)
Je rougis
Tu rougis
Il rougit
Elle rougit
Nous rougissons
Vous rougissez
Ils rougissent
Elles rougissent
I blush
You blush
He/it blushes
She/it blushes
We blush
You blush
They blush
They blush
Je remplis
Tu remplis
Il remplit
Ille remplit
Nous remplissons
Vous remplissez
Ils remplissent
Elles remplissent
I fill
You fill
He/it fills
Ille fills
We fill
You fill
They fill
They fill
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Russir to succeed(jsmftj)
Je russis
Vous russissez
Il russitElle russit
Nous russissons
Vous russissez
ils russissent
ils russissent
I succeed
You succeed
He/it succeedsShe/it succeeds
We succeed
You succeed
they succeed
they succeed
Negation (Negative)
To form a negative sentence in French, one must use two words ne and pas. ne is
placed before the verb and pas after the verb.
e.g.Je ne parle pas anglais.I do not speak English.
Il n'est pas ingnieur.He is not a engineer
ne becomes n before the vowels i.e. a, e, I, o, u, yand silent h.
So, the negative construction isNE + Verb + PAS
Or N + Verb + PAS (when first lette ris a vowel or silent h.)
e.g. Nous ne sommes pas stupides.Nous ne sommes pas stupides.
Je ne suis pas chinois.I am not Chinese.
Elle naimepas le chocolat.
She doesn't like the chocolate.
Manuel et Denis ne regardent pas la tl.Manual and Dennis doesn't watch the television.
M. Dupont ne travaille pas lambassade.Mr. Dupont doesn't work in embassy.
Il n est pas journaliste.He is not a journalist.
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COUNTRIES LES PAYS LES NATIONALITS
Masculin (pl.) Fminin (pl.)
India
France
Belgium
Germany
Switzerland
England
Italy
SpainDenmark
Sweden
America
(The United States
Canada
Mexico
Russia
china
Japan
L'Inde
la France
la Belgique
l'Allemagne
la Suisse
l'Angleterre
l'Italie
l'Espagnele Danemark
la Sude
l'America
(Les tats-Unis)
le Canada
le Mexique
la Russie
la Chine
le Japon
bUns
Qzka
cSYthd
vkyseksa
lqbl
vkWUxyS=
brkfy
vkWLikbu
nkWuekdZ
lq,sn
vesfjd
dWukn
efDtd
jqft
fku
t+iksu
Indien (s)
Franais
Belge(s)
Allemand(s)
Suisse(s)
Anglais
Italien(s)
Espagnol(s)Danois
Sudois
Amricain(s)
Canadien(s)
Mexicain
Russe(s)
Chinois
japonais
Indienne (s)
Franaise (s)
Belge(s)
Allemand(s)
Suisse(s)
Anglaise(s)
Italien(s)
Espagnole(s)Danoise(s)
Sudoise(s)
Amricaine(s)
Canadienne(s)
Mexicaine(s)
Russe(s)
Chinoise(s)
Japonaise(s)
Verbs ending with ger
Present tense of verb
These verbs are conjugated in the same manner as otherer verbs. The only peculiarity isthat in the nouns form an e is added to the radical before adding the endings.
e.g. voyag + e + ons nouns voyageons
mang + e + ons nouns mangeons
Voyager (to travel) (oks;kts) Manger to eat (ekSats)
Je voyage
Tu voyages
I travel
You travel
Je mange
Tu manges
I eat
You eat
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Il voyage
Elle voyage
Nous voyageons
Vous voyagez
Ils voyagentElles voyagent
He/it travels
She/it travels
We travel
You travel
They travelThey travel
Il mange
Elle mange
Nous mangeons
Vous mangez
Ils mangentElle mangent
He/it eats
She/it eats
We eat
You eat
They eatShe/it eats
Otherger verbs are :
Nager to swim
Changes in some of the er ending verbs :
Acheter to buy (vkksrs) Commencer to begin (dkWeSUks)
J'achte
Tu achtes
Il achte
Elle achte
Nous achetons
vous achetez
Ils achtent
Elles achtent
I buy
you buy
He buys
She buys
We buy
you buy
They buy
They buy
Je commence
Tu commences
Il commence
Elle commence
Nous commenons
vous commencez
Ils commencent
Elles commencent
I begin
you begin
He begins
She begins
We begin
you begin
They begin
they begin
Note : There is an accent grave on the e- before the silent ending.
Peser to weigh, is also conjugated likeacheter.
Note : The c takes a credille accent in the nounsform to retain the sound of s in c - .
Peser to place, is also conjugated likecommencer.
appeler to call (vkiys) jeter to throw (t+rs)
Jappelle
Tu appelles
Il appelle
Elle appelleNous appelons
Vous appelez
Ils appellent
Elles appellent
I call
You call
He/it calls
She/it callsWe call
You call
They call
They call
Je jette
Tu jettes
Il jettes
Elle JetteNous jetons
Vous jetez
Ils jettent
Elles jettent
I throw
You throw
He/it throws
She/it ThrowsWe throw
You throw
They throw
They throw
Note : There is a doubling of the l llbefore the silent endings ofje, tu, il, elle, ilsand ils form of the verb.
Note : There is a doubling of the t tt before thesilent endings ofje, tu, il, elle, ils and ils form of theverb.
faire to do (QSj)
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Je fais
Tu fais
Il fait
Elle fait
Nous faisonsVous faites
Ils font
Elles font
I make
You make
He/it makes
She/it makes
We makeYou make
They make
They make
Use of the verb faire :
Elle fait un gteau. She makes a cake.
Elle fait du ski. She practices the ski.
Elle fait le devoir. She makes the duty.
Il fait chaud. It is hot.Il fait froid. It is cold.
Elle fait une promenade. She makes a walk.
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Third group of verbs
The regularre verbs and the irregular verbs ending with re, oir and ir are put together inthe third group. All the verbs of this group do not follow the same pattern of conjugationhence it is advisable to learn the verbs in a set of three or four or even two at times.
Verbs :Prendre - to take
Apprender - to learn
Comprender - to understand
In these verbs, we remove the last three letters i.e. dre and then add the endingsds, -ds,-d, -ons, -ez and nent to the radical of the verb.
Present tense of verb
prendre to take (izkWUnz) apprender to learn (vizkWUnz)Je prends izka
Tu prends izka
Il prend izkaElle prend
Nous prenons
Vous prenez
Ils prennent
izsusElles prennent
I take
You take
He/it takes
She/it takes
We take
You take
They take
They take
J'apprendsvkizkaTu apprends
Il apprend
Elle apprend
Nous apprenons
Vous apprenez
Ils apprennent
Elles apprennent
I learn
You learn
He/it learns
She/it learns
We learn
You learn
They learn
They learn
Verbs :
Dire to say
Lire - to read
crire to write
In these verbs, we remove re and then add the endingss, -s, -t, -ons, -ez andent to the
radical of the verb bet each of these verbs has a certain peculiarity which must be observed.
dire to say (nhj) lire to read (fyj)
Je dis nh
Tu dis nh
Il dit nh
Elle dit nhNous disons
nht+ksa
I say
You say
He/it says
She/it says
We say
You say
They say
Je lis fy
Tu lis fy
Il lit fy
Elle lit fyNous lisons
fyt+ksa
I read
You read
He/it reads
She/it reads
We read
You read
They read
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Vous dites nhr
Ils disent bynht+
Elles disent ,ynht+
They say Vous lisez fyt+
Ils lisent yht+
Elles lisent yht+
They read
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Indefinite article :
It changes with the gender. In French an article mush be used beforeevery noun.
English M F Pl.
a or an un une des
va v~;wu ns
Examples :
(i) a boy = un garon va xkj~lksa; boys = des garon ns xkj~lksa
(ii) an apple = une pomme ; v~;wu iksEe~ apples = des pomme nsiksEe~
Definite Aricle:
It changes to agree with the gender and the number.
English M F Pl.
The le la les
y yk ys
Examples :
(i) the husband = le mari y ekjh; the husbands = les maris ys ekjh
(ii) the wife = la femme yk QkEe~; the wives = les femmes ys QkEe~
(iii) l is used before any singular noun beginning with a vowel or h mute.
The child = LEnfant; (ykaQka) the children = les_enfants* (ys>kaQka)
(iv) the man = lhomme; (ykaQka) the men = les_hommes* (ys>ksEe~)
PARTITIVE ARTICLE: Some or any before a noun is translated by de + definite article.
M F Pl
(de + le) de + la (de + les)
Du de la des
n~;w n yk nsExamples :
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Note: (i) s at the end of a word is not pronounced. E.g. Des - (ns), and not
* Look for liaison (linking) while reading.
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(i) Some bread = du pain, (n~;w isa)
(ii) Some meat = de la viande, (n yk o~;kan)
(iii) Any ink = de lencre (n ykadz~)
(iv) Some girls = des filles (ns Qh;~)Plural of nouns and adjectives :
(a) generally by adding s. No change with those ending in s, x, z.
(b) ending in-au or eu take x (except bleu which takes s)
(c) ending with ou take s except the seven which take x.
Note: (i) bijou (x)fc>w= jewel (s); (ii) caillou (x) dk;~;w= pebble (s)(iii) chou (x) kw = cabbage (s) (iv) genou (x) >uw = knee (s)
(v) hibou (x) fvcw = owl (s) (vi) pou (x) iw = louce
(vii) joujou (x) >w>w = toy (s)
(d) ending al change to aux except the six which take s.
Note: (i) bal (s)cky~= dance(s); (ii) rgal (s)jsxky~ = feast (s)(iii) fatal (s) Qkrky~ (iv) naval (s) ukoky~
(v) banal (s)ckuky~ (vi) natal (s) ukrky~ = native town (s)
(e) ending ail take s. Except the three which change to aux.
Note: (i) travail - travaux; (ii) soupirail - soupiraux ;
=kok;~ =koks lwfijk;~ lwfijksWork window
(iii) vitrail - vitraux (stained glass windows)
fo=k;~ fo=ks
(f) Notable exceptions : Sing. Pl.
(Mister) Monsieur = messieurs (M.) (MM.)
(Mrs.) Madame = mesdames (Mme)
(Miss) mademoiselle = mesdemoiselles (Mlle.) (Mlles.)
Feminine of nouns and adjectives :
(a) add e unless it already ends in e.
(b)er into re : cher ksj~ chre ksj~ (dear)
(c) x into se : heureux heureuse (happy)
(d) f into ve : actifvkfDrQ~ - active vkfDro
(e) el, eil, en, et, on : double the last consonant and add e.
(f) The following have a second form in the M Sing. Before a vowel or h mute (M)
English M M FFine beau cks bel csy~ belle csy
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Mad fou Qw fol Qksy~ folle Qksy~
New nouveau uwoks nouvel uwosy~ nouvelle uwosy
Old vieux O; viel fovs;~ vielle fovs;~
Soft mou ew mol eksy~ molle eksy~
(g) Irregular feminines :
English M F
White blanc Cyka blanche Cykak
Frank franc Qzka franche Qzkak~
Dry sec lsd~ sche lsk~
Public public I;wfCyd~ publique I;wfCyd~
Low bas ck basse ckLl~
Fat gras xzk grasse xzkLl~
Bulky gros xzks grosse xzksLl~
Thick pais vsis paisse vsisLl~
Sweet doux nw douce nwl~
Red head roux : rousse :Ll~
False faux Qks fausse QksLl~
Long long ykas longue yksax~
Favourite favori Qkoksjh favorite Qksoksfjr~
Charming, nice gentil t+kWafUr gentille t+kfUr;
Fresh frais Qzs fraiche Qzsk~
Fool sot lks sotte lksRr~
(h) -eur change to euse.
Place of adjectives :
(a) Most adjectives go after the noun.
(b) The following common adjectives come before the noun :
Bon-good, meuiller, mauvais-bad, beau-beautiful, joli-pretty, cher-dear, grand-big,gros-thick, petit-small, moindre-least, long-long, jeune-young, vieux-old, nouveau-new etc. Ordinals, cardinals, tout-all, chaque-every, quelque-some, aucum, also
come before the noun.
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Formation of adverbs:
(a) If the adjective ends vowel, then add mentto M for.
Polite (ly) = poli poliment,
Truly = vrai vraiment
(b) If the adj. Ends consonant, then add ment to its F form.
Grand - grande grandement (grandly)
Heureux - heureuse heureusement (happily)
(c) If end is ant or ent, change nt into m and add ment.
Constant - constamment
Prudent - prudemment
(d) Position of adverb : after verb, after auxiliary in compound tenses.
Personal pronoun. It comes before the verb.
Person. Singular Plural
First (I) Je t+ (We) Nouns uw
Second (Thou) Tu R;w (You) Vous ow
Third (He, it) Il fvy~ (They) Ils fvy~
(She, it) Elle vsy~ (They) Elles vsy~ (F)
The most common verbs are (i) trevs=~ to be; (ii) AvoirvkOokj~ to have,given below in three simple tenses: Present, Past (Perfect) and Future, their conjugationreminds one of their Sanskrit counterparts. They are also used as auxiliary verbs incompound tenses.
trevs=~ to be
Present
I am, you are.
Past
I was, I have been
Future
I shall be.
Je suis - t+ Loh Jai t t+ vsrs Je serai t+ ljsTu es - R;w vs Tu as t R;w vkt+srs Tu seras R;w ljk
Il est - bys Il a t fvyk vsrs Il sera fvy~ ljk
Elle est - vsys Elle a t vsyk vsrs Elle sera vsy~ ljk
Nous sommes - uwlksEe~
Nous avons t uwt+koksa vsrs
Nous serons uw ljksa
Vous tes - owt+Sr Vous avez t owt+kos
t+srs
Vous serez ow ljs
Ils sont - fvy~ lksa Ils ont t- fvy~t+ksa Ils seront fvy~ ljksa
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rsrs
Elles sont - vsy~ lksa Elles ont t- vsy~t+ksarsrs
Elles seront vsy~ ljksa
AvoirvkOokj~ to have,Present
I have.
Past
I had, I have had, I did have
Future
I shall have
Jai - I have
t+s
Jai eu I had
t+s v~;w
Jaurai - I will have
t+ksjs
Tu as - You have
R;w vk
Tu as eu you had
R;w vkT+;w
Tu auras - You will have
R;w vksjk
Il as - He/it has
fvyk
Il a eu He had
fvyk v~;~
Il aura - He will have
fvyksjkElle a - She/it has
vsyk
Elle a eu she had
vsyk v~;~
Elle aura - She will have
vsyksjk
Nous avons - We have
uw t+koksa
Nous avons eu we had
Uwkt+koksa T+;w
Nous aurons - We will have
Uwkt+kjksa
Vous avez - You have
owt+kos
Vous avez eu you had
Owkt+kos T+;w
Vous aurez - You will have
Okwt+ksjs
Ils ont - They have
fvy~t+ksa
Ils ont eu - They had
fvy~t+ksR;~
Ils auront - They will have
fvy~t+ksjksa
Elles ont - They have
vsy~t+ksa
Elles ont eu - They had
vsy~t+ksaR;~
Elles auront - They will have
vsy~t+ksjksa
Vocabulair : The French nouns are either masculine (shown by le) or feminine (shownby la). Nouns beginning with a vowel are shown by un or une.
And
bed
Daughter
Doctor
Door
Father
Friend
From
House
In
Et
le lit
La fille
Le docteur
La porte
Le pre
L'ami
De
La maison
Dans
Mother
Newspaper
Of
On
Room
Scientist
Son
Here is, here are
There is/are
There are
La mre
Le journal
De
Sur
La chambre
Le scientifique
Le fils
Voici
Voil
Il y a
Now, with the help of the two verbs in and the words given above, you can construct more
than 1000 small, easy sentences, A few are given for your guidance.(i) There is a house Il y a une maison
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fvy~;k v~;wu es>ksa
(ii) I shall be a scientist Je serais savant.
> ljs lkoka
(iii) We shall have some newspapersNous aurons des journauxfvy~;k v~;wu es>ksa
(iv) Here is a chair Voici une chaise
(v) A friend has a bed Un ami a un lit.
Use ofde: In English possession is expressed by of or s. There is no s in French.E.g. Miras jewels should be
The jewels of Mira Les bijoux de MiraThe table of the husband La table du mari
Mother's house La maison de mre
I come from India Je viens d'Inde
Asking a question :
In conversation, the phrase Est-ce que(literally meaning is it that) isput beforeany affirmative and a question mark at the end ; e.g.
Affirmative Question
I am a professor. Am I a professor ?
Je suis professeur. Est-ce que je suis professeur?
Inversion :
The position of subject (1) and verb (2) is inversed and a hyphen (-) put inbetweeni.e. (2) (1) .. ? or (t) if the verb ends in a vowel, for ease in speech.
You have ten francs. Have you ten francs ?Vous avez dix francs. Ayez-vous dix francs?
The father has a bed. The father, has he a bed ?
Le pre a un lit. Le pre, a il un lit?
The common phrase Il y a becomes Y-a-t-il.
There is a girl Is there a girl ?
Il y a une fille Y-a-t-il une fille ?
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Interrogative : Adjectives and Pronouns :
M F
Sing. Quel Quelle
Pl. Quels Quelles which, before noun.
Which beds do you have ?
Quels lits avez-vous?
Which room ?
Quelle chambre ?
Qui who, whom Who is there ?
Qui est l?
Who is in the room ?
Qui est dans la chambre ?
Que what Whats the matter with you ?
*Quavez-vous ?
*Elision : The two words Que and avez have a vowel at the end and beginning respectively; so the firstvowel is replaced by an apostrophe (). Look for similar elisions.
Negative adverbs :
The following list includes common negations. The English negative has two words inFrench. The verb should be put between the two words.
NOT ne pas (ne.. point for emphases)
They are not in the room.
Elles ne sont pas dans la pice.
NEVER ne. Jamais
No longer (no more) ne plus
NEVER AGAIN = ne. plus jamais
NOTHING = ne rien
NOTHING MORE = ne plus rien
NOT YET = ne pas encore
NOT EITHER = ne . Pas non plus
NEITHER NOR (for verb) = ne ni.. ni
NEITHER NOR (without verb) = ni.. ni
NOT BUT = ne.. plus que
Hardly = ne . Gure ( peine)
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ONLY = ne que (seulement to be used without verb)
VERBS : In French, all the verbs fall in three groups based on the verb ending. Forinstance, the first group comprises of verbs ending in er, e.g. parler = to speak. From theinfinitive parler er is dropeed and on the stem parl the endings e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -entare added.
Infinitive parler
Stem parl
Je parle (I speak, I am speaking, I do speak)
Tu parles
Il parle
Elle parle
Nous parlons
Vous parlez
Ils parlent
Elles parlent
For practice translate the following sentences :
I speak French.
They speak only French.
I do not speak French.
She speaks French
Do you speak French ?
Je parle franais.
Ils parlent franais seulement.
Je ne parle pas franais.
Elle parle franais
Est-ce que vous parlez franais?
VOCABULAIRE :
Name of Popular languages
Allemand German
Anglais English
Arabe Arabie
Chinois Chinese
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Espagnol Spanish
Grc Greek
Italien Italian
Japonais Japanese
Portugais Portuguese
Russe Russian
N.B. : Every form of the verb expresses three shades of meaning. When translating :They are speaking, dont say, Ils sont parlent. Ils parlent does express it.
With the help of the forms of parler and these ten names of languages, you canconstruct many useful sentences.
Formation of Past (Perfect) Tense of Parler :
Use of forms of auxiliary verb avoir and place the past participle thereafter. The p.p. isformed by dropping last r and putting an accent on e Parler. Parl
Jai parl
Il a parl
Nous avons parl
Vous avez parl
Ils sont parl
Formation of Future tense of Parler :
To the stem parler add the endings ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.
Je parlerai
Tu parleras
Il parlera
Nous parlerons
Vous parlerez
Ils parleront
T+kikyZjs
R;w ikyZjk
fvy~ ikyZjksa
ow ikyZjs
fvy~ ikyZjksa
I shall speak
You shall speak
He/it shall speak
We shall speak
You shall speak
They shall speak
Very useful verbs (Regular) of the First groups :Infinitive Present Perfect Future
Acheter To buy
vkkrs
Jachte Jai achet Jachterai
Aider to help
vsns
Jaide Jai aid Jaiderai
Aimer to like
vses
Jaime Jai aim Jaimerai
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Apporter - to bring
vkiksrsZ
Japporte Jai apport Japporterai
Arriver to arrive
vkfjos+
Jarrive Je suis arriv
T+k
Loh>+kfjo+s
Jarriverai
Changer to change
kka>s
Je change Jai chang Je changerai
Dclarer to declare
nsDykjs
Je dclare Jai dclar Je dclarerai
Demeurer to stay
nE;js
Je demeure Jai demeur Je demeurerai
Donner to give
nksUus
Je donne Jai donn Je donnerai
couter to listenvsdwrs
Jcoute jai cout Jcouterai
Entrer to enter
vka=s
Jentre Je suis entr Jentrerai
Envoyer to send
vkaok;s
Jenavoie Jai envoy Jenvoierai
Fermer Je ferme Jai ferm Je fermerai
Gagner Je gagne Jai gagn Je gagnerai
Garder Je garde Jai gard Je garderai
Manger Je mange Jai mang Je mangerai
Montrer Je montre Jai montr Je montreraiPorter Je porte Jai port Je porterai
Prparer Je prpare Jai prpar Je prparerai
Regarder Je regarde Jai regard Je regarderai
Reserver Je rserve Jai rserv Je rserverai
Tomber Je tombe Je suis tomb Je tomberai
Trouver Je trouve Jai trouv Je trouverai
Danser Je danse Jai dans Je danserai
Fumer Je fume Jai fum Je fumerai
Personal Pronouns : Conjuctive
Me e = me; to meTe r = thee ; to thee
Se l = himself, herself, oneself etc.
Nous uw = us, to us
Vous ow = you, to you
Le y = him, it
La yk = her, it
Les ys = them
Lui yqvh = to him, to herLeur yj = to them
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Y ;h = to it, into it, there
En vka = of it, of them
Examples :
I give him Je le donne
T+k y nksUu
We like it Nous laimons
Ukw yseksa
They give him a newspaper Ils lui donnent un journal.
fvy~ yqvh nksUu~ va>wukZy~
She hears them Elle les coute
vsy~ ys>sdr~I wait for her Je lattend
T+k ykrka
Personal pronoun : Disjunctive (Heavy form) :
Moi Eok = I, me
Toi Rok = Thou, thee
Lui yqvh = He, him
Elle vsy~ = she, her
Nous uw = we
Vous ow = you
Eux v~;~ = they ; them (M)
Elles vsy~ = they ; them (F)
Examples :He is taller than I (am) Il est plus grand que moi.
fvys IY;w xzka d Eok
The house belongs to them. Le maison est eux.Yk est+ksa vsrk v~;w
Indefinite pronoun : On vksa followed by the verb in the singular expresses one, they, orpeople in an indefinite sense.
The dance in France = On danse en France.
vksa nkal~ vka Qzksal~
English is spoken here = On parle anglais ici.
vksa ikyZ~ vkaXysft+fl
Possessive adjectives :
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English M.Sing F.Sing Pl.
My mon eksa ma ek mes es
Thy ton rksa ta rk tes rs
His, her, its son lksa sa lk ses lsOur notre uks= notre nos uks
Yours votre oks= votre vos oks
Their leur Y;~j~ leurs leursY;~j~
Examples :
His house = Sa maison lk est+ksa (Not Son maison)
My Friends = Mes amis est+kfe
Irregular Verb : Allervkys = to go. Though this verb ends in er, it does not conjugatelike parler. Therefore it is called irregular. For the perfect tense, forms of auxiliary verb treare used.
Present Present negative(I go; I am going etc.) (I do not go ; I am not going etc.)Je vais t+ os Je ne vais pas t+ u os ik
Tu vas R;w ok tu ne vas pas R;w u ok ikIl va fvy~ ok il ne va pas fvy~ u ok ikElle va vsy~ ok il ne va pas vsy~ u ok ikNous allons uwt+kyksa nous nallons pas uw ukyksa ikVous allez owt+kys vous nallez pas ow ukys ikIls vont fvy~ oksa ils ne vont pas fvy~ u oksa ikElles vont vsy~ oksa elles ne vont pas vsy~ u oksa ik
Perfect Future(I went, I have gone) (I shall go etc.)
Je suis all t+ Loh >+kys Jiras ft+jsTu es all tu ira R;w fvjkIl est all R;w vs r+kys il ira fvy~ fvjkElle est all fvys rkys Elle ira vsy~ fvjkNous sommes alls vsys rkys nous irons uwt+kjksaVous tes alls uwlksEe~>+kys vous irezow>hjsIls sont alls fvy~lksarkys ils iront fvy~>+hjksaElles sont alls vsy~lksarkys elles iront vsy~>+hjksa
Examples :
We went to cinema Nous sommes alls au cinmauwlksEe~>+kys vks flusek
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Nous vous laveronsUkw ow ykosjksa
I shall not wash myself Je ne me laverai pasTk+ u e yko+js ikVous vous laverez
Okw ow ykojsIls se laveront elles se laverontfvy~ l yko+jksa vsy~ l yko+jksa
Verbs of IInd group : (A) ending in ir like finirfQfuj~ = to washTo form the present tense, to the stem fin- add is, its, it, issons, issez, issent. The p.p. is finiwhich goes with avoir. To form future tense add ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont to finir.
Present Perfect I Finish, I am finishing etc. I finished etc.
Je finis t+ fQfu jai fini t+s fQfuTu finis R;w fQfu tu as fini R;w vk fQfuIl (elle) finit fvy~ fQfu il (elle) a fini fvyk fQfuNous finissons uw fQfuLlksa nous avons fini uwt+koksa fQfuVous finissez ow fQfuLlksa vous avez fini owt+kos fQfuIls (elles) finissent fvy~ fQfuLl~ ils (elles) ont fini fvy~tksa fQfu
* some such verbs : se cacherlk dkks = to hide, se trouverls =wos+ = to be found, secoucherl dwks = to sleep, look for some more
Future Some NegativesJe finirai vous ne finissez pasI will finish you do not finish
Tu finirasYou will finish
Il (elle) finira il ne finira pasHe (her) will finish he will not finish
Nous finirons Nous navons pas finiWe will finish we didnt finish
Vous finirez vous ne finirez pasyou will finish you will not finish
Ils (elles) finiront elle ne finira pasthey will finish she will not finish
Group (A) : punirI;wfuj~ = to punish,
accomplirvkdksafIyj~ = to achieve;
diverterfnosfrZj~ = to entertain; conjugate like finir.
IInd group (B) : some verbs likementirekafrj~ =to tell lies
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partirikfrZj~ = to go away
sentirlkafrj = to feel; smell
servirlsfoZj = to serve
sortirlksfrZj = to go outse repentirls jikafrj = to repent
such verbs conjugate like dormirnksfeZj (to sleep)
Present : je dors, tu dors, il (elle) dort, nous dormons, vous dormez, ils (elles) dormant.
I sleep, you sleep, he (she) sleeps, we sleep, you sleep, they (they) sleeping
Perfect : Jai dormi etc.
I slept
Future : Je dormirai etc.
I will sleep
Irregular Verbs of IInd group : Venirouhj~ = to come
Present : Je viens, tu viens, il (elle) vient, nous venons, vous venez, ils (elles) viennent.
I come, you come, he (her) comes, we come, you come, they (they) come.
Perfect : Je suis venu, tu es venu, il (elle) est venu, nous sommes venus, vous tes venus,ils (elles) sont venus
I came, you came, he (she) came, we came, you came, they came
Future : Je viendrai, vous viendrez, il (elle) viendra, nous viendrons, vous viendrez, ils(elles) viendront.I will come, you will come, he (she) will come, we will come, you will come, they(they) will come
Like venir : tenirrfuj~ ( to hold)
Verbs of IIIrd group : ending inre like vendreokanz (to sell)
Present Perfect
( I sell; I am selling etc.) (I sold, I have sold etc.)
Je vends I sell jai vendu I soldT+k oka t+s oka|w
Tu vends You sell tu as vendu you sold
R;w oka R;w vk oka|w
Il (elle) vend Him (her) sells il (elle) a vendu him (her) soldfvy~ oka fvyk oka|w
Nous vendons We sell nous avons vendu we sold
Ukw okaoksa uwt+koksa oka|w
Vous vendez You sell vous avez vendu you soldOkw okans owt+kos oka|w
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Ils (elles) vendent Them (them) sell ils (elles) ont vendu they (they) sold
fvy~ okan~ fvyt+ksa oka|w
Future Some negatives
Je vendrai t+ okanzs je ne vends pas t+ u oka ikI will sell I do not sell
Tu vendras R;w okanzkyou will sell
Il (elle) vendra fvy okanzk Elle ne vendra pashe (she) will sell she will not sell
Nous vendrons uw okanzksa nous navons pas vendu uw ukoksa ik oka|wwe will sell we didnt sell
Vous vendrez ow okanzswe will sell
Ils vendront fvy~ okanzksathey will sell
Irregular verbs: There are many irregular verbs which defy conjugation on a regularpattern. They would be found in any standard book on French Grammar. Please refer to itand memorise them. I shall deal with them as they appear in conversations given in part II ofthis book.
Demonstrative adjectives :
English M Sing. F. Sing. Pl.
This, That ce cet* cette ces
These, those l ls lsr~ ls
* only before a vowel or h mute.
Examples :
This book = ce livre-ci
That pen = cette plume-l
These boys = Ces garons-ci
These girls = Ces filles-ci
In fact if the near distance from the person or object is implied, one can use suffix ci and forfar object l
Demonstrative Pronouns :
This = cela (a) lyk] lk; This = ceci lk, that = cela lyk.
M F
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This one celui-ici celle-ci
lsYohlh lsy~lh
That one celui-l celle-l
lsYoh-yk lsy~&yk
These ones ceux-ci celles-ci
L;~&lh lsy~&lh
Those ones ceux-l celles-l
L;~&yk lsy~&yk
Special demonstrative pronoun Ce : It is used with tre when the noun following tre isthe same person or thing as the pronoun subject : Examples
He is my friend = Cest mon ami. ls ekukeh
They are my brothers = Ce sont mes frres l lksa es Qzsj~
This is my home = Cest ma maison ls ek est+ksa
These are my pents = Ce sont mes plumes. Ls lksa es Iy;we~
Indefinite adjectives :
Each man = chaque homme kkdksEe~Not a single man = aucum homme vksduksEe~
A few (some) books = quelques liveres dsYd~ yhoz
All = tout tous (M); toute toutes (F)
Rkw rw rwr~ rwr
Indefinite pronouns :
Each of these men = chacum de ces homes kkda n ls t+ksEe~
None = aucum vksda
Some of these books = quelques-uns de ces livres. dsYd~&t+ n ls yhoz~
Somebody = quelquun dsYda
Something = quelque chose dsYd~ kkst+
Nobody = Personne isjlksUu
Nothing = rien fjvsa
Everything = tout rw
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Everybody = tout le monde rw y~ eksan
Comparatives : plus IY;w = more ; moins Eoka = less ; aussi vksLlh = as, placedbefore the adjective que d = than or as placed after the adjective.
My book is more interesting than your paper.
Mon livre est plus intressant que votre journal.
Ekkas yhoz~ vs IY;wt+sarsjslka d oks=~ t+wukZy~
Her daughter is less charming than my daughter.
Sa fille est moins charmante que ma fille.
Lkk Qh;~ vs Eoka kkj~ekar~ d ek Qh;~
His wristwatch is as fine as my watch.
Sa montre bracelet est aussi fine que ma montre.
Lk ekas=~ vsrksLlh csy~ d ek eksa=~
Superlative : It is formed by placing the definite article before plus ormoins preceding theadjective.
My house is the most attractive. Ma maison est le plus attrayant.
Ek koky~ vs y IY;wt+k=s;ka
Your son is the least intelligent. Votre fils est le moins intelligent
Okks=~ fQl~ vs y Eokat+arsfyt+ka
Some Irregular forms :
Comparative Superlative
Bon (good) oksa meilleure;~;j (better) le meilleur y e;~;j (best)
Mauvais ekso+s (bad) pire ihj (worse) le pirey ihj~ (worst)
Bient fovsa (well) mieux E;~ (better) le mieuxy E;~ (best)
Peu I;~ (little) moins Eoka (less) le moinsy eoka (the least)
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CHAPITRE 3
Time : Lheure Y;~j~ : It is an important factor during the travel. One should bethoroughly conversant with the number. With the help of the numbers and the mode ofexpression given below, nobody should have any difficulty.
Vocabulaire :
After
Afternoon
Always
At once
Beginning
Calender
Clock (on wall)
Clock (town, outside)
Day
During
Early
End
Evening
Fortnight
Hour
Last
Late
Middle
Month
Morning
Never
Next
Night
Now
Often
Sometimes
Soon
Then
Time
Today
Tomorrow
aprs
aprs-midi
toujours
tout de suite
le commencement
Le calendrier
La pendule
L'horloge
Le jour
Pendant
Tt ; de bonne heure
La fin
Le soir
Le quinzaine de jours
L'heure
Dernier
tard
Le milieu
Le mois
Le matin
Jamais
Prochain (m), prochaine (f)
La nuit
Maintenant
Souvent
Quelquefois
Bientt
Alors
Le temps
Aujourd'hui
Demain
vkizs
vkizsfefn
rqt+wj
rwr~fLor~
y dksekal~eka
dkykafnz;s
yk ika|wy~
yksj~ykst+~
y t+wj
ikanka
rks] n~ oksU;j~
yk Qsa
y Lokj~
yk dsat+su n t+wj
Y;~j~
nsfuZvs
rkj~
y feY;w
y Eok
y ekrsa
t+kesizksksa] izksksu~
yk U;qvks
earuka
lwoka
dsYdQ~ok
fcvarks
iqfvy rka
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Week
Wristwatch
Year
Yesterday
La semaine
La montre bracelet
L'anne
Hier
vkst+wjnqfv
nesa
ykl~esu~
eksa=~ykus
fvvsj
N.B. : In the clock-diagram the number of minutes are given outside the dial e.g. cinc fiveminuts, un quart a quarter, demi (e) half an hour, moins le quart a quarterto etc.
What time is it? Quelle heure est-il ? dsyj vsfryIt is five (minutes) past one. C'est une heure fvys R;wu~ v~;~j
It is one Oclock. Il est une heure cinq fvys R;wu~ v~;~j lasd~
It is ten past one. Il est une heure dix. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j fnl~
It is a quarter past one. Il est une heure et (un) quart. fvys R;wu~ v~;~jvsadkj~
It is twenty past one. Il est une heure vingt. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j osa
It is twenty five past one. Il est une heure vingt-cinq. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j osalsad~
It is half past one. Il est une heure et demie. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j vsn~fe
After this the time is expressed as to . E.g. for 1:35 one should say 25 to 2. Lately is alsoexpressed as Il est une heure trente-cinq.
It is twenty five. Il est deux heures* moins vingt cinq.
fvys n~;~t+j~ Eoka osalsad~It is twenty to two. Il est deux heures moins vingt Eoka osa
It is a quarter to two. Il est deux heures moins le quart Eoka ydkj~
It is ten to two. Il est deux heures moins dix Eoka fnl~
It is five to two. Il est deux heures moins cinq Eoka lsad~
It is two Oclock. Il est deux heures fvys n~;~t+j~
* more than one oclock is plural e.g. 2 oclock = deux heures.
Similarly you can express any time on the dial.
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It is noon Il est midi fvys fenh
It is midnight Il est minuit fvys feU;qvh
Three Oclock in the morning Trois heures du matin =qvkT+;j~ |w ekrsa
Three Oclock in the afternoon Trois heures de l'aprs-midi =qvkT+;j n ykizsfenh
Six Oclock in the evening Six heures le soir fl>+j |w Lokj~
It is exactly four Oclock Il est quatre heures prcise. fvys dk=~ v~;~j~izslht+
My watch is slow Ma montre retarde. Ekk ekas=~ jrknZ~
My watch is fast Ma montre avance. Ekk eksa=~ vkokUl~
You have plenty of time Vous avez tout le temps. Okwt+kos rw y rka
Take your time Prenez votre temps. Izkus y rka
I have no time Je n'ai pas de temps. T+k us ik n~ rka
We are in a hurry Nous sommes presss. Ukw lksEe~ izsLls
Hurry up ! Dpchez-vous! nsisks ow
I am early Je suis en avance t+ Loh >ka ukokl~
She is late Elle est en retard vsys rka jrkj+
At the latest Au plus tardif vks IY;w rkj~
At last Enfin vkaQsa
How long does it take to..? Combien de temps faut-il pour ? dksacsa n rkaQksfry iwj
In a minute, please Dans un moment (en une second) nka t+a ekseka
In half an hour Dans une demi-heure nka T+;wu~ nfev~;~j~
An hour and a half Une heure et un demi v~;~u~ v~;~j~ vs n~eh
The day = le joury t+wj ; la journeyk t+wusZ
The morning le matinyk ekrsa, La matineyk ekfrusThe evening- le soiry Lokj~, la soireyk Lokjs
The year = lanyka, lanneykus
Use the feminine form to express the whole period of time.
e.g. I wish to pass the morning in a nice way.
Je dsire passer une bonne journe. T+k nst+hj ikLls v+;wu~ cksUu~ twusZ
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Days of the week: In French names of days do not have a capital letter in the beginning.All are masculine.
Sunday = dimanche fn~ekak~
Monday = lundi yanh
Tuesday = mardi eknhZ
Wednesday = mercredi edzsnh
Thursday = jeudi t+nh
Friday = vendredi okanznh
Saturday = samedi lke~nh
What day is it to-day ? Quel jour est-ce aujourdhui ? dsy~ t+wj vsl~
vkstqjnqfvTo-day is Wednesday Cest aujourdhui mercredi. lsrkst+wjnqfv edzsnh
Last Monday Lundi dernier yanh nsfuZ;s
On Monday Lundi yanh
Next Monday Lundi prochain yanh izksksa
A week on Monday Lundi en huit yanh vkauqfv
A week ago Il y a une semaine fvy ;k v~;wu lesu~
A fortnight on Monday Lundi en quinze yanh vka dsat+A holiday Un jour fri va t+wj~ Qsfj;s
A working day Un jour ouvrable va t+wj~ Qsfj;s
During the day Le jour y t+wj~
At night La nuit yk uqfv
This evening Ce soir l~ Lokj~
Last night Hier soir fvvsj~ Lokj~
This morning Ce matin l ekrsaThis afternoon Cet aprs-midi lsrkizs&fefn
Tomorrow morning damain matin nea~ ekra
Every day tous les jours rw ys t+wj~
All day toute la journe rwr~ yk t+wusZ
The next day le lendemain y ykanesa
The day before yesterday Avant-hier vkokafrvsj~
The day after tomorrow Aprs-demain vkizsnesaLast week La semaine dernier ykl~esu~ nsfuZvsj~
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Next day Le semaine prochain ykl~esu~ izksksu~
Months : All start with a small letter, all are masculine.
January = janvier t+kafOg;s
February = fvrier Qsofj;s
March = mars eklZ~
April = avril vkofjy
May = mai es
June = juin t+oa
July = juillet t+~oh;s
August = aot vw
September = septembre lsIrkacz
October = octobre vksDrkscz
November = novembre uksokacz~
December = dcembre nslkacz~
June 1st (The first of June) = le premier juiny izfe ;s t+oa
May 2nd (The second of may) = le deux mai
July 11th = le onze juillet
August 15th = le quinz aot
March 21st = le vingt et un mars
What day of the month is it ? = Le combien est-ce aujourdhui
The 15th of August, 1968 = le 15 aot mille neuf cent soixante-huit
The Seasons : Les Saisons
Spring = le printempsy izsrka in spring = au printemps vks izsrka
Summer = ltysrs; in summer = en t vkausrs
Autumn = lautomneyksrksUu; in autumn = en automnevkauksrks=~
Winter = lhiverfyOgsj~; in winter = en hivervkafuOgsj~
Easter = Pques ikd~;
Christmas = Nol uksvsy~, Happy Christmas = joyeux Nol T+ok;~; uksvsy~
New years day = jour de lan t+wj n yka
Happy New year to you = Bonne Anne vous cksUus vk ow
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Happy birthday to you = Bon anniversaire vous. cksaukfuOgsj~lsj~ vk ow
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CHAPITRE 4
Common words & Phrases : Vocabulaire
How = comment dkseka
How many /how much = combiendksfEc;ka
When = quand dka
Where = O
Why = pourquoi
Almost = Presque
Enough = assez
Less = moins
Little = peuMany, much = beaucoup
Too many /too much = trop
Very = trs
Above = dessus
Against = contre
Among = parmi
Before (infront of) = devant
Behind = derrireBelow = dessous
Beside = ct de
Between = entre
Downstairs = en bas
Elsewhere = ailleurs
Everywhere = partout
Except = sauf
Far = loin
For = pour
Inside = dedans
Left = la gauche
Near = prs
Outside = dehors
Over there = l bas
Right = droite
Through = travers
Towards = vers
Until = jusque
Upstairs = en haut
Without = sans
At, to =
At, to (shop etc) = chez
Yes = oui
No = non
Oh yes = mais oui
Oh no = mais non
But yes = mais si
Polite Expressions : While addressing a young woman, say, mademoiselle en~eokt+Sy;a married woman is madame eknke~.
The tourist should be tactful in addressing a woman appropriately.
The gentleman is addressed as monsieur eL;~ = Sir
Good morning, miss = Bonjour, mademoiselle
Good morning, Madam = Bonjour, madame
Good morning Sir = Bonjour, Monsieur
Good Afternoon = Bon aprs-midiGood night = Bonne nuit
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(to be wished to near and dear relatives)
Good bye = Au revoir
Please = S'il vous plat
No, thank you = Merci
(for politely declining the offer)
In accepting the offer, say, Oui, sil vous
Oui oqfv is used generally ; in reply to a negative question or statement, say si if youmean yes.
I beg your pardon (Excuse me) = pardon iknksa
Dont mention it = the rein n fjva (by a woman);
votre service (by a man)
Thats all right = je vous en prie
How are you = Comment allez-vous ?
Very well, and you ? = Trs bien, et vous ?
N.B.: The tourist should address everybody as vousand never as tuwhich is used inclose relations and friends.
Delighted to see you = Enchant de vous voir
Allow me = Permettez moi
Am I disturbing you ? = Est-ce-que je vous drange ?You are very kind = Vous tes trs gentil
I am terribly sorry = je suis navr (dsol)
Dont worry = Ne vous en faites pas
Carry on, please = Faites, sil vous plait
Just a minute, please = Un instant, sil vous plait
Congratulations = Flicitations !
While drinking a toast to the good health = A votre bonne sant
Allow me to introduce you to = Permettez-moi de vous presenter Mr. Shastri = Monsier Chastri
Thank you for your hospitality = Merci de votre hospitalit
We had a nice time = Nous vous sommes bien amuss
General Expressions : Les Expressions gnrales:Look down there Regardez l en basLook up there Regardez l-basI am an Indian Je suis un IndienThat's it C'est aIt's too much C'est tropIt's too dear C'est trop cher
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It's very cheap C'est trs bon marchOn this side Sur ce ctOh the other side Oh l'autre ctWhat's the matter Ce qui est le problmeI don't know Je ne sais pasI know nothing about it Je ne sais rien leYou are right Vous avez raisonYou are wrong Vous avez tortThis doesn't work Cela ne travaille pasOn the contrary Au contraireIt is fine weather C'est temps finIt is bad weather C'est mauvais tempsI think so Je pense doncI don't think so Je ne pense pas doncWhose turn is it ? qui tour est-ce que c'est?It is not my fault Ce n'est pas ma fauteWhat is that ? Quel est cela?
Like this Comme ceciLike that Comme celaSo so Comme ci comme aI am looking for my hat Je cherche mon chapeauAgreed ConsentiAlright BienIt is Wonderful C'est MerveilleuxOnce more Encore une foisHow are things ? Comment est-ce que les choses sont?I am bored Je suis ennuyWhat a pity ! Quel dommage!Be quiet (shut up !) taisez-vous!
Some difficulties :
I don't understand you Je ne vous comprends pas
I cannot speak French Je ne peux pas parler franais
Please write it down S'il vous plat crivez-le vers le bas
Please speak slowly S'il vous plat parlez lentement
It is eacy C'est eacy
It is difficult C'est difficile
Do you speak English ? Est-ce que vous parlez anglais?
Is there anybody here who speaksEnglish ?
Est-ce qu'il y a personne ici qui parleanglais?
Will you read this ? Est-ce que vous lirez ceci?
My suitcase has been stolen Ma valise a t vole
Will you help me ? Est-ce que vous m'aiderez?
That man is following me everywhere Cet homme me suit partout
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Help ! Au secours ! Aidez! Secours Au!
Fire ! Au feu ! Tirez! Feu Au!
Thief ! Au voleur ! Le voleur! Voleur Au!
I shall stay here Je resterai ici
I shall call a policeman J'appellerai un agent de police
Where is the Indian Embassy ?O est-ce que l'Ambassade indienneest?
I lost the address of my hotel J'ai perdu l'adresse de mon htel
Where is hotel continental O est htel continental
Where are you going O est vous aller
I would like to come with you J'aimerais venir avec vousLet me pass Laissez-moi passer
Public Notices : Les Avis publics:
Notice L'avis
Way in L'entre
Way out La sortie
To let Laisser
To be sold tre vendu
knock ! frappez!
ring ! sonnez!
open ouvert
Closed ferm
Vacant vacant
Engaged engag
lift (elevator) l'ascenseur (ascenseur)
beware of the dog mfiez-vous du chien
Lavatory la toilette
It is forbidden to Il est dfendu
No entry Aucune entre
trespassers will be prosecuted les intrus seront poursuivisspitting is forbidden cracher est dfendu
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Stick no bills Ne collez pas de billets
Room to let Partagez un logement pour laisser
Public station Le poste public
You are requested to Vous tes demands
Do not touch Ne touchez pas
We paint Nous peignons
Standing room only La pice debout seulement
Please wipe your feet S'il vous plat essuyez vos pieds
Useful Abbreviations : Les Abrviations utiles:
Electricity Board of France Comit de l'lectricit de France
Gas Board of France Comit du gaz de France
General Post Office Le bureau de poste gnral
Postes et Telecommunications Les Postes et Tlcommunications
Paris Trasnport Paris Trasnport
French Railways Les Voies ferres franaises
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CHAPITRE 5
Travel by Plane : Voyage en avion
Vocablaire :
air hostess l'htesse de l'air
air line la ligne de l'air
air-sickness arez la maladie
Crew l'quipage
to fly voler
jet plane l'avion ractionto land dbarquer
Landing dbarquer
passenger le passager
Pilot le pilote
Runway la piste d'envol
Seat le sige
seat (back of) le sige (en arrire de)
seat-belt la sige ceinture
Steward l'conome
take-off le dcollage
to take off partir
Tray le plateau
window (in plane) la fentre (dans avion)
The plane is landing L'avion dbarque
Welcome to Paris Accueillez Paris
The Civilian airport at Paris is called Le Bouget
Where is the Airline Office?O est-ce que le Bureau de la Lignearienne est?
I want to reserve a seat on the planeleaving tonight for London.
Je veux rserver un sige sur le dpartplan pour Londres ce soir.
The plane is announced L'avion est annoncWhat time does it leave ? Quel temps est-ce qu'il part?
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Put out your cigarettes. teignez vos cigarettes.
Fasten your seat-belts. Attachez vos sige ceintures.
I do not feel well, Miss. Je ne sens pas bien, Mlle.
I have air-sickness J'ai l'air maladie
Bring me a glass of water Apportez-moi un verre d'eau
Coffee, Brandy, Bear Caf, Cognac, Ours,
I cannot fasten my seat beltJe ne peux pas attacher ma ceinture descurit
I am a vegetarian Je suis vgtarien
Travel by Sea : Voyage par mer.
Vocabularire :
berth, cabine donnez un poste , cabine
boat le bateau
cabin-boy le garon de cabane
captain le capitaine
cook cuisez
deck le pont
deck-chair la chaise de pont
(to) embark () embarquez
emigrants les migrants
fishing boat le bateau de pche
gangway le passageharbour le port
(to) land () terre
motorboat le canot automobile
oil-tanker huilez le ptrolier
pier la jete
port-hole le trou de port
quay le quai
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sailor le marin
seasickness le mal de mer
ship le bateau
ship's wireless le sans fil de bateau
(to make) signals (faire) signaux
smoke-room la fume pice
steamer la vapeur
stewardess l'htesse
swimming pool la piscine
wireless operator l'oprateur de TSF
yacht le yacht
lighthouse le phare
Is this the boat for Calais ? Est ce le bateau pour Calais?
Wait for me Attendez-moi
Time is up Le temps est au-dessus
Where is your luggage ? O est-ce que votre bagages est?
Where is your berth ? O est-ce que votre couchette est?
Is the sea smooth ? Est-ce que la mer est lisse?
The sea is rough La mer est rugueuse
It is blowing a gale Il gaspille un vent fort
I feel sick Je me sens malade
Bring me some tea, please Apportez-moi quelque th, s'il vous plat,
Look for my things Cherchez mes choses
I am seasick Je suis malade
Where is the swimming pool ? O est-ce que la piscine est?
Travel by train : Voyagez en train:
Vocabulaire : Vocabulaire:
booking office le bureau de location
buffet la gifle
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carriage (car) la voiture (voiture)
clock-room l'horloge pice
compartment le compartiment
corridor le couloir
cushion le coussin
departure le dpart
dining-car le wagon-restaurant
door (on train) la porte (sur train)
door-keeper le porte gardien
engine le moteur
enquiry office le bureau de l'enquiry
entrance (wain in) l'entre (charrette dans)
exit (way out) la sortie (sortie)
express l'express
fare le prix du billet
single fare le prix du billet seul
return fare le prix du billet du retour
foot-board le pied comit
guard le garde
guide le guide
hall-porter le concierge de couloir
holiday-ticket le fte billet
luggage le bagages
luggage-van le bagages fourgon
passenger le passager
pillow l'oreiller
platform la plate-forme
platform ticket le billet de la plate-forme
non-stop express l'express sans arrt
porter le concierge
rails les rails
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railway la voie ferre
rail-car la rail voiture
railway station la gare
ticket le billet
first class la premire classe
second class deuxime classe
third class troisimement classe
seat reserved le sige a rserv
seat reservation asseyez-vous la rservation
sleeping-car la voiture endormie
ticket collector tiquetez le collecteur
station master le matre du poste
time table le calendrier
train le train
trunk le tronc
waiting room la salle d'attente
window la fentre
Where is the railwaystation ? O est-ce que la gare est?
Where is the bookingoffice? O est-ce que le bureau de location est?
Where is the enquiryoffice ? O est-ce que le bureau de l'enquiry est?
Where is the refreshmentroom? O est-ce que la pice durafrachissement est?
Where is the lavotory? O est-ce que le lavotory est?
A first class ticket to Paris Un billet de la premire classe Paris
What is the fare to Nice ? Quel est le prix du billet Nice?
I want a berth Je veux une couchette
We want a sleeping car Nous voulons un wagon-lit
All on aboard Tout sur bord
Call the guard Appelez le garde
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Open the door, please Ouvrez la porte, s'il vous plat,
Close the window Fermez la fentre
Show your tickets Montrez vos billets
Tickets, please Billets, s'il vous plat,
The train is late Le train est en retard
The train does not stop Le train n'arrte pas
Put the cases on the rack Mettez les cas sur le casier
I cannot find my ticket Je ne peux pas trouver mon billet
Wait while I look for it. Attendez pendant que je le cherche.
Have you found it ? Est-ce que vous l'avez trouv?
Here is my ticket Voici mon billet
At the front of the train Au devant du train
I follow you Je vous suis
I am in a hurry Je suis press
I have a train to catch. J'ai un train pour attraper.
Porter, put my luggage inthe train for Marseilles.
Le concierge, mettez mon bagages dansle train pour Marseille.
From which platform ? De quelle plate-forme?
How much is that ? Combien est cela?
A child's ticket please. Le billet d'un enfant s'il vous plat.
It stops at the stations. Il arrte aux postes.
Has the train for Bordeauxgone ?
Est-ce que le train pour Bordeaux estall?
I have missed the train. J'ai manqu le train.
Here is my luggage. Voici mon bagages.
Porter, take it to the cloak-room.
Le concierge, apportez-le la manteaupice.
Travel by Coach, Bus, Metro, Taxi
Vocabulaire :
bus l'autobus
coach l'entraneur
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conductor le conducteur
driver le conducteur
fare le prix du billet
passenger le passager
stop (compulsory) l'arrt (obligatoire)
stop (request) l'arrt (demande)
taxi le taxi
ticket (book of) le billet (livre de)
Call a taxi Appelez un taxi
Driver, driver slowly Le conducteur, conducteur lentement
Driver, drive quickly Le conducteur, conduisez rapidement
Put my luggage in car Mettez mon bagages dans voiture
Drive me to the railwaystation Conduisez-moi la gare
What is the fare ? Quel est le prix du billet?
No, the next one Non, le prochain on
We shall take a bus Nous prendrons un autobus
Do you go to Paris ? Est-ce que vous allez Paris?
Give me a ticket Donnez-moi un billet
Full inside Plein l'intrieur de
I wish to get out Je souhaite sortir
Motoring : LAutomobilisme.
Vocabulaire :
accelerator ( throttle) l'acclrateur (manette des gaz)
battery la pile
Boot la botte
Brake le frein
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breakown breakown
can (petrol) (essence)
caravan la caravane
car licence la licence de la voiture
Clutch la prise
carburettor carburettor
drive ( to ) la promenade ()
Driver le conducteur
driving licence la licence imprieuse
engine le moteur
Fan le ventilateur
fanbelt fanbelt
Fine l'amende
funnel l'entonnoir
gear-box la bote de vitesses
ignition l'ignitiongarage le garage
Horn la corne
highway code le code d'autoroute
Jack le valet
Lorry le camion
lights (head) les lumires (tte)
lubrication la lubrification
mechanic la mcanique
milestone la borne
Mirror le miroir
motorcar l'automobile
motorway l'autoroute
numberplate la plaque minralogique
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Nut la noix
Oil l'huile
pedestrian le piton
Petrol l'essence
Petrol pump la pompe essence
radiator le radiateur
reverse le revers
saloon le saloon
Screw le vis
screwdriver le tournevis
Skid le drapage
spanner la clef
Spark-plug la bougie
Speed la vitesse
steering wheel le volant
Traffic-lights les circulation lumiresTraffic jam l'embouteillage
Tube le tube
Tyre le pneu
tubeless tyre le pneu sans chambre
Walve walve
Wheel la roue
I want some petrol. ( Oil, water etc.)Je veux quelque essence. (Huile,arrosez etc.)
Inflate the tyres, please Gonflez les pneus, s'il vous plat,
Check the pressure. Vrifiez la pression.
Will you clean it ? Est-ce que vous le nettoierez?
Can you repair ? Est-ce que vous pouvez rparer?
This does not work. Cela ne travaille pas.
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I have a breakdown. J'ai un chec.
This tyre is flat. Ce pneu est plat.
My car is on the road two kilometersfrom here.
Ma voiture est sur la route deuxkilomtres d'ici.
The plug is dirty. Le bouchon est sale.
The clutch doesn't work. La prise ne travaille pas.
I have broken it. Je l'ai cass.
Can you drive ? Est-ce que vous pouvez conduire?
He drives well Il conduit bien
He drives badly Il conduit mal
The car is skidding. La voiture drape.He drives at full speed. Il conduit toute vitesse.
He dries at low speed. Il sche basse vitesse.
Start ! Stop ! Commencez! Arrtez!
Go into second gear. Allez dans deuxime quipement.
I have lost all my documents. J'ai perdu tous mes documents.
don't go fast. n'allez pas jene.
Stop at the corner. Arrtez au coin.
I want a motoring map. Je veux une carte de l'automobilisme.
Notice to Motorists. Avis aux Automobilistes.
Road Signs : They are in French.
Attention = Drive with care
Au goudron = beware of tar
cole = schoolpitons = pedestrians crossings
traveaux = road works ahead
Carrefour = Road junctions
Cassis = Unewed road
Croisements = Cross roads
Dfense de doubier = Overtaking prohibited
Dpassement Interdit = Overtaking prohibitedGravillons = Beware of loose chips
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Impasse = No road
Pare (P) = Parking place
Passage Niveau = Railway Crossing
Sens Unique = One way.
Customs & Porters :
Vocabulaire :
Arrival l'arrive
Bag le sac
Camera l'appareil-photo
cardboard box la bote en carton
Cigar le cigare
Crossing traverser
Customs les coutumes
customs officer le douanier
declare dclarez
Departure le dpart
item (luggage) l'article (bagages)
Key la clef
Label l'tiquette
Number le nombre
Overcoat le pardessus
Parcel la parcelle
Passport le passeport
Porter le concierge
Raincoat l'impermable
Suitcase la valise
Tobacco le tabac
Umbrella le parapluie
Come to the custom-house Venez la douaneHave you your passport? Ayez-vous votre passeport?
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Open your bag (suitcase, trunk) Ouvrez votre sac (valise, tronc)
Here are the keys Voici les clefs
Have you anything to declare Ayez-vous n'importe quoi pour dclarer
Not that I know. Is this all ? Pas que je sais. Est-ce que c'est tout?
These are examples Ce sont des exemples
What is the duty ? Quel est le devoir?
Is my baggage passed ? Est-ce que mon bagages est pass?
Porter, what is your number ? Concierge, ce qui est votre nombre?
Remove my luggage. Enlevez mon bagages.I have only a suitcase. J'ai seulement une valise.
Look out ! The lock (handle) is brokRegardez dehors! La serrure (manche) est brok
No, I have nothing to declare Non, je n'ai rien pour dclarer
I have a bottle of spirits. (perfume) J'ai une bouteille d'alcools. (parfum)
I have lost my keys. J'ai perdu mes clefs.
Help me to close this case. Aidez-moi pour fermer ce cas.
I cannot find my porter No. 10. Je ne peux pas trouver mon concierge No. 10.
How much do I pay you ? Combien est-ce que je paie vous?
For three items. F 120 Pour trois articles. F 120
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CHAPITRE 6
Changing money : It is important to change your travellers cheques, demand drafts orpounds or U.S. $ notes into French Francs. This exchange facility is available at the airport,
sea-port, banks and reputable hotels. It is better to have sufficient French money on hand.Get acquainted with the notes and coins as you may need them for paying taxi fares and tipsetc. In France, Belgium and Switzerland Franc is the basic unit of currency. A Franc isdivided into 100 centimes.
TABLES
The exchange rate in these countries varies from time to time. You would insert theequivalent of the centimes and francs in Pounds or U.S. $ or Ind. Rs. That would give yousome idea of the standard of living in the country of your visit and the money you wouldspend.
Insert the prevailing notes of Exchange :
1. U.S. $ 1 = Franc Rs.
2. Stg. pound 1 = Francs Rs.
3. Re. 1 = Francs Rs.
4. Franc 1 = Rs.
Money France Switzer Belgium
1 centi.10 centi.
50 centi.
1 Franc
5 F
10 F
20 F
50 F
100 F500 F
1000 F
Vocabulaire : Money
Bank la banque
(to) cash () argent
change (small) le changement (petit)
Cheque le chque
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cheque (traveller's) le chque (voyageur)
Coin la pice
Exchange l'change
letter of credit lettre de crdit
Money l'argent
money exchangeoffice
le bureau de l'change del'argent
Note la note
Rate le taux
Mattress le matelas
Office le bureaupage-boy la page
Pillow l'oreiller
plug (electric) le bouchon (lectrique)
Proprietor le propritaire
reading lamp la lisant lampe
sheet (bed) le drap (lit)
sitting room le salon
Staircase l'escalier
switch (light) le changement (lumire)
Tap le robinet
tap (hot) le robinet (chaud)
tap (cold) le robinet (froid)
terrace la terrasse
Towel la serviette
Valet le valet de chambre
Wardrobe l'armoire
Washbasin le lavabo
Window la fentre
b. Laundry & Waching
Brassiere le soutien-gorge
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Button le bouton
Clothes les vtements
Handkerchief le foulard
jacket (coat) la veste (manteau)
Jumper le sauteur
laundry (place) la lessive (place)
laundry (clothes)la lessive(vtements)
laundry-man le lessive homme
Nightdress la chemise de nuit
Pants les pantalonsPanties les culottes
Petticoat le jupon
pullover (sweater)le pull-over (pull-over)
Pyjamas les pyjamas
Scarf l'charpe
Shirt la chemiseShoes les chaussures
Stocks les rserves
Stockings les bas
Suit le costume
Trousers les pantalons
Where is the laundry?O est-ce que la lessiveest?
I want this shirtwashed.
Je veux cette chemiselave.
Please return it onMonday.
S'il vous plat rendez-lelundi.
That is badly done. Cela est fait mal.
This is badly ironed Cela est repass mal
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I am expecting a young lady (lady,gentleman)
I am expecting a young lady (lady,gentleman)
Please send her (him) up at once. Please send her (him) up at once.
Wake me at 5:00 a.m. Wake me at 5:00 a.m.
I shall pay in advance I shall pay in advance
Are there any letters for me ? Are there any letters for me ?
I have some things to be washed. I have some things to be washed.
When can you let me have them back? When can you let me have them back?
I have not enough French money. I have not enough French money.
My bill please. My bill please.
Will you take traveler's cheque. Will you take traveler's cheque.Is the taxi there ? Is the taxi there ?
Take my luggage down. Take my luggage down.
Here is the key. Here is the key.
Thank you and good-bye. Thank you and good-bye.
Restaurants & Cafs :
One should secure lodging in a hotel orpension but should eat outside, so you would getvariety and at the same time you can arrange it in your sightseeing schedule. In a Frenchrestaurantyou would get two choices. On the menu it is mentioned : 1. la carte. The mealcan be selected according to your taste and prices quoted. 2. prix fixe. The meal is set i.e.the courses are fixed and you pay the fixed lump-sump. Most famous restaurants displaytheir menu at the door with to-days special i.e. le plat du jour. The menu also states thecover charge (couvert : %francs) wine included (vin compris) and service : 10% of the bill.Giving tip is not necessary if service is included in the bill.
There are four meals in a day :
1. le petit djeuner : breakfast. The heavy breakfast is called le petit djeuneranglais. The light one is called le petit djeuner continental.
2. le djeuner : Lunch
3. le gouter : Afternoon
4. le dner : dinner.
In Frence, le Cafe is a kind of social centre where only may sit in conversation over adrink. You can get any drink but a caf does not generally serve food. They may snacks(casse-croute) or spcialities (dgustation). A notice On peut apporter son manger allows
the customer to eat his own food on the premises and the caf supplies drinks.
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At brasserie you may get good meals as in a restaurant.
At a ptisserie orconfiserie(cake shop) you may get tea, coffee or chocolate with itsspecial pastries.
At a Buvette one gets beer and soft drinks.
Vocabulaire : General things
Ashtray le cendrier
Bar la barre
Bill le billet
Bottle la bouteille
Bowl la boule
coffee-pot le caf pot
Cork le bouchon
cork-screw bouchez le vis
course (dish) le cours (plat)
Cup la tasse
egg-cup l'oeuf tasse
Fork la fourchette
Glass le verre
Knife le couteau
ladle (soup) le louche (soupe)
Meal le repas
Menu le menu
milk jug trayez la cruche
Plate la plaque
plate (soup) la plaque (soupe)
salad bowl la boule de la salade
Saucer la soucoupe
serviette (napkin) serviette (serviette)
Spoon la cuillre
Tablecloth la nappe
Tablespoon la cuillre soupe
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Teapot la thire
tea (coffee) spoon le th (caf) cuillre
Tip la pointe
tooth-pick la dent pioche
waiter (chief) le serveur (chef)
waiter (wine) le serveur (vin)
Waitress la serveuse
water jug arrosez la cruche
wine list la liste du vin
Breakfast : Le petit djeuner
Is breakfast ready ? Est-ce que le petit djeuner est prt?
I am vegetarian. Je suis vgtarien.
I want a simple breakfast. Je veux un petit djeuner simple.
some tea please. quelque th s'il vous plat.
Is the tea made ? Est-ce que le th est fait?
No sugar, thank you Aucun sucre, merci
I want a full breakfast. Je veux un petit djeuner plein.
Do you want an egg ? Est-ce que vous voulez un oeuf?
Yes, please Oui, s'il vous plat
Give me the salt andpepper. Donnez-moi le sel et poivre.
Some toasts, please Quelques-uns rtit, s'il vous plat
Pass me t