French Revolution Scramble!

• Match the following:1. Old Regime2. Tennis Court Oath3. 3rd Estate4. Louis XVI5. Storming of the Bastille6. Paris Bread Riots7. 1st Estate8. 2nd Estate9. Reign of Terror10. Robespierre

A. Jacobin who seized control of France and began the Reign of Terror.

B. Parisian Women stormed Versailles in protest over rising prices of Bread.

C. NobilityD. French Social ClassesE. Time period during the revolution when

over 40,000 people were executed for being enemies of the state.

F. King of France who would be executed.G. PeasantsH. Pledge taken by the 3rd estate to stay

together and create a fair constitution.I. Parisian mob stormed a prison in Paris

looking for ammunition.J. Clergy

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte• Born in 1769 on an island called

Corsica – off the coast of Italy.– Napoleon was Italian NOT French.– But… he will rule France.

• At 10 years old his parents sent him to military school in France.– Napoleon was made fun of growing

up because he was very small (only 5’2”) and had a thick Italian accent.

• However by 15 years old, Napoleon was leading military campaigns for France.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power• The Italian Campaigns– 1796 – 1797 Napoleon conquered most of Northern

Italy for France and had developed a taste for power.– In Northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious

orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble privilege.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power• The Egyptian Campaigns– 1798 Napoleon was defeated by the British navy

under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.

– Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France a received a hero’s welcome!

The Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone

Jean Champollion

Europe in 1800

Napoleon as “First Consul”• With the French government in

disarray, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’etat on November 9, 1799.– Coup d’etat = sudden overthrow

of government.

• He proclaimed himself “first consul” (Julius Caesar’s title) and did away with the elected assembly (appointing a Senate instead).– In 1802, he made himself sole

“consul for life.”

Napoleon Rules France

• Lycee system of Education– Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform.– Lycees initially enrolled the nation’s most talented students.

• They had to pay tuition to attend.

– Lycees were created to train the nation’s future leaders and bureaucrats.

Napoleon Rules

• Louisiana Purchase (1803)– Sells French territory in America to Thomas Jefferson for

$15 million (3 cents per acre!).– Good for U.S., bad for France…

Napoleon Rules France

• Code Napoleon (1804)– New system of civil laws– Its purpose was to reform the

French legal code to reflect the principles of the French Revolution and provide all French people equal rights.• “Liberty, Equality, and

Fraternity”

– Created one law code for France.

The Fall of Napoleon

Napoleon Makes Himself Emperor

• Napoleon becomes more power hungry as he ruled France as the “First Consul.”

• On December 2, 1804 Napoleon declares himself the Holy Roman Emperor.– Forces Pope Pius VII to crown

him the Holy Roman Emperor.– But then steals the crown and

does it himself…

Josephine’s BedroomJosephine’s Bedroom

Napoleon’s Throne

Napoleon’s Throne

Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

Napoleon Builds an Empire• By 1812, Napoleon had built one of the

World’s largest Empires.– Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and

parts of Italy and Germany.– Conquered parts of Prussia, Austria, and

Poland.• Between 1804 and 1812, Napoleon

sought to control all of Europe.– He used the French government to

finance his military campaigns.– He built a large and strong French military.– Developed new plans for each battle so

that the opposing forces could not anticipate what he would do next.

Napoleon’s Empire (1810)

The Problem of Great Britain• The only country not under

Napoleon’s control was Great Britain.

• Battle of Trafalgar (1805)– Napoleon tried to invade England– Launched a naval battle off

Spain’s coast.– British smashed Napoleon’s fleet– Napoleon was humiliated and

mad! • Napoleon decides to wage

economic warfare through the Continental system.

The Continental System

• Goal: to isolate Great Britain and promote Napoleon’s domination over Europe.– British ships were not allowed in European

ports (this would keep supplies from moving in or out – choking off trade).

– All British ships would be seized. • Both Britain and France seized neutral

ships suspected of trading with the other side– This eventually led to the War of 1812

between Great Britain and the United States.

The Continental System

Napoleon Video Clip

The “Big Blunder” - Russia• In July, 1812 Napoleon led his

Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.– The Russians avoided a direct

confrontation with Napoleon.

– They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].

– The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.

Napoleon at the gates of Moscow

• By September 1812, Napoleon’s troops had reached Moscow.• The Russians used the “Scorched Earth Policy” - city was

abandoned and burned to the ground, as well as all food supplies.

Moscow is on Fire!

Napoleon Retreats• Napoleon retreats from Moscow in January 1813.– His troops starve and freeze to death.

• 100,000 troops retreat - only 40,000 survive

– Napoleon rides in a coach, eating as his men suffer.

Napoleon Abdicates!• Napoleon returns to Paris

and is forced to abdicate (give up the throne).– Treaty of Fontainbleau –

exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba with an annual income of $2 million Francs.

• The French loyalists restore Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoleon Escapes!• Napoleon escapes Elba

and heads back to France to reclaim power.

• This is the beginning of his 100 days campaign.

• Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) – Napoleon tries to defeat the Prussians and British at Waterloo.– Defeated by the Duke of

Wellington!

Exile on St. Helena• After his defeat at Waterloo,

Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena. – Small island off West Coast of

Africa.

• Dies of poisoning – possible hair product?

Napoleon’s Tomb

June 28, 1940June 28, 1940

Hitler visits Napoleon’s Tomb