Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
©NIDEA 1
From a ‘dying race’ to global innovators: Māori population in the 21st century
Dr Tahu Kukutai
National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis
The University of Waikato
PANZ Conference, Wellington, 27 June 2013
©NIDEA 2
• Māori population + policy = population pathology
• Resilience and adaptation downplayed
• Opportunity to indigenize population research from the bottom up and top down
• Value proposition for demography as a discipline; for Māori and for NZ
In a nutshell
©NIDEA 3
POPULATION PATHOLOGY
Part I: Maori Population & Policy
©NIDEA 4
The ‘dying race’
• Popular narratives -
“smooth the dying pillow”
• ‘Scientific’ accounts – Fenton’s 1857/58 census
• Solution: fixity of residence & adoption of European mores
Charles Goldie: ‘Memories: the last of her tribe”
©NIDEA 5
• new narrative of decline: absorption
• tracking ‘half caste’ growth
• doubts over whether “the race can survive the gradual infiltration of European strains” (1926 census)
• surveys of miscegenation, focusing on children of Maori origin (1951- 1961)
• fractional identities persisted through to 1981
The whitening of Maori
©NIDEA 6
Making Māori productive
Integration
• Integrating Maori into post-war economy
• policies to encourage urbanward movement
• self-reliance & modernity
• stereotypes & dysfunction
• 1961 Hunn Report & sliding scale of entitlement
©NIDEA 7
• achieving statistical equalities with non-Maori
+ explicit recognition that inequality exists
+ solution driven; policy relevant
- non-Māori outcomes as the desired state
- focus on changing individual behaviours; history & structural mechanisms ignored
Lessening the burden
©NIDEA 8
Why does any of this matter?
• ‘Evidence’ seen to represents ‘reality’ and informs actions for desired outcomes
• History & legacy of colonialism ignored
• Māori as a problem to be solved rather than as part of the solution
©NIDEA 9
RESILIENCE &
ADAPTATION
Part II : Maori Demographic Shifts
©NIDEA 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Po
pu
lati
on
(n
um
be
r)
Census Years
Māoripopulation
Māori as aproportionof totalpopulation
Demographic recovery
©NIDEA 11
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
19
21
19
25
19
29
19
33
19
37
19
41
19
45
19
49
19
53
19
57
19
61
19
65
19
69
19
73
19
77
19
81
19
85
19
89
19
93
19
97
20
01
20
05
20
09
To
tal
Fe
rtil
ity
Ra
te All
Females
MāoriFemales
The 2nd DT - fertility
©NIDEA 12
The 2nd Māori migration
2nd Māori migration
©NIDEA 13
Ethnic intermarriage 2006
©NIDEA 14
INNOVATION
Part III: New approaches
©NIDEA 15
Measuring Māori wellbeing in Auckland
• Project lead by the Independent Māori Statutory Board
• Measure & monitor the wellbeing of Māori in Auckland
– What constitutes wellbeing? Who decides?
– How do we measure it? Should we measure it? What kinds of indicators?
– What will the data sources be?
©NIDEA 16
A Māori values-based approach
©NIDEA 17
Voices from the people
Rangatiratanga: Leadership & Participation
©NIDEA 18
Indigenising official statistics
5 key principles :
Framing
Relevance
Inclusiveness
Building capability
Self-determination
©NIDEA 19
THE VALUE PROPOSITION
Part IV: Opportunities
©NIDEA 20
• Opportunity to try new approaches
• Lessons to take to the world
• NZ’s unique cultural demography – much promise for theorising and evidence-based research
For demography
©NIDEA 21
Opportunities Risks
+ Maori/Iwi economy - Segmentation
+ Leverage diaspora - Lose connections
+ Foster migrant ties - New hierarchies
For Māori
©NIDEA 22
• Rise of the Maori Economy – the ‘Maori edge’ (NZIER & TPK) & value from indigenous distinctiveness in a global market
• Collateral Maori Demographic Dividend – Jackson
• Regional champions – in it for the long-haul
For New Zealand