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from EML to Learning Design &
Planned OS Implementations focusing on
RELOAD
Bill OlivierDirector, CETIS
OU Netherlands EML
• In 1997 OUNL: strategic decision to provide eLearning as key to their future development
• 3 year internally funded R&D programme
• Many pedagogies already in use at the OUNL needed to be supported. How?
• Extensive research into pedagogies (100+)
• Abstracted a common meta-language:the Educational Modelling Language – EML
• Use EML to describe the learning process
• Core of the language:
People engage in Activities with Resources
OU Netherlands EML
People engage in Activities with Resources
Elaborating the core elements of the EML:
• People: one or many, learners or staff– At design time, don’t know who
– But can specify the ‘Roles’ they are to play
• Activities: description + structured info– ‘learning objectives’; prerequisites; metadata
• Resources: learning objects & services– EML has many types of object
– This got simplified in Learning Design
Many Roles, objects & services need to beco-ordinated in a ‘learning flow’
OU Netherlands EML
What kinds of Learning?
• Integrate use of content and discussions or more complex collaborative services
• Support group learning where people engage in either:
– The same things at different times
– Different things at the same time
• Support different types of learning– Problem-based & Project-based Learning
– Tightly controlled Programmed Learning
– Loosely controlled Role Play Learning
– Etc.
OU Netherlands EML
• EML went through 3 cycles of: specification-implementation-refinement
1. Too general: described many pedagogies, but not enough functionality/detail to be useful
2. Too specific: Now useful but limited range of pedagogies
3. “Just right”: could describe a wide range of approaches with enough to be useful
• EML v1.0 was made public in Dec 2000
• Key Questions:Will implementations provide enough? If not will future version be more complicated? – too complicated?
IMS
• IMS also started in 1997
• By end of 2000 IMS had developed:
– Metadata (to describe learning content & objects)
– Enterprise (to pass enrolments & return results)
– Content Packaging (to transfer & display content)
– QTI (to describe portable tests and return results)
– LIP (to describe learners and their learning)
• But nothing to describe the learning process itself
• CETIS had argued in IMS for the need to also support multi-person models of learning
• and saw IMS & OUNL specs as complementary
IMS
• Instructional -> Learning Design WG, 2001
• Ambitious scope – Framework:– To describe learning processes
– Support different approaches to learning
– Multi-user as well as single learner
– Portable, searchable, reusable, etc.
• …but couldn’t develop from scratch in 1 year
• July 2001, WG accepted EML as input specification from which to build
• Problem: EML very large. Solution:
– Drop EML’s Content Description (DocBook derived)
– Use IMS Content Packaging to hold ‘web content’
Extends IMS Content Packaging
• The Learning Design Specification suggests:
– Learning Design goes into the CP Organizations element
– It replaces the simple Organization/Item ‘Finder-style’ tree structure with a richer more developed structure
– existing Content Packages can be re-used by reference or by including them as sub-manifests
• Conceptually LD wraps the content with:– Multiple roles and coordinated activities
– Learning Objectives and Prerequisites are integral
• It adds Services – currently the main ones are: – send-mail
– conference
Where LD goes in a Content Package
IMS Content Package(imsmanifest.xml)
manifestmetadataorganizations
learning-designresourcesmanifest (sub-manifests of included sub-
packages)
Main Parts of Learning Design
learning-designtitlelearning-objectiveprerequisites*components
roles*activities*environments*
method play* act*
role-parts*metadata
(* = there may be many of these)
Core elements
of theLD LanguageMulti-player, multi-resource co-ordination
The Dynamics of Learning Design
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 1
Role-part 2
Role-part 3
Role-part …
Role Activity Environment
Learning objects
Learning services
Activity-Description
method
components
Sub Parts of Learning Design
components
roleslearner*staff*
activitieslearning-activity*
environment-ref*
activity-descriptionsupport-activity*activity-structure* {sequence|selection}
environment-ref*
activity-ref*activity-structure-ref*
environmentsenvironment*
learning-object*service*
mail-send*conference*
environment-ref*
method
play*
act* role-parts*
role-refactivity-ref
xxxxx-ref a reference is like an arrow pointing to another object.
There can be several references to one object. (cf a Windows alias).
References allow an object to be (re-) used in several places.
(* = there may be many of these)
Including CPs & SCOs in LD
• Ways of using CP with LD1. As just seen: Use CP to package LD
2. Include CPs as sub-manifests
3. Reference CPs as files in the same package
4. Reference CPs as external entities via URL
• Ways of using SCOs with LD
1. Could include LD as an alternative Organizationand include SCORM enabled content
1. Include SCOs as sub-manifests
2. Reference SCOs as files in the same package
3. Reference SCOs as external entities via URL
• When referencing other LDs, CPs & SCOs, need to use agreed Resource type identifiers
Accommodating Simple Sequencing
• IMS Learning Design has 3 Levels:– Level A is the core language
– Level B adds properties and conditions to Level A
– Level C adds notifications to Level B
• Why?
– To allow staged implementations
– To accommodate Simple Sequencing
– Particularly for vendors that have already implemented Simple Sequencing
• By making properties & conditions optional, hooks can be added to include SS instead.
Accommodating Simple Sequencing
• BUT - SS has a single-user model- LD has a multi-user model
• SS included where LD supports a single userworking with content
• LD properties and conditions provide greater generality– supports variables– Has generic if-then-else structure
• They are single and multi-user in scope
• Simple Sequencing aimed for an 80:20– 80% of (single user) cases
– 20% of the commands
How might a learning design play out in an example
Example of Project-based Learning
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 1
Intro Resources
Overview, Approach and Main Tasks
Learner Intro
ReadIntroduction
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 2
Intro Resources
Overview, Approach and Main Tasks
Teacher Notes
Teacher
Intro
ReadIntroduction
&Teacher Notes
Example of Project-based Learning
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 3
Learner Planning
Agree Goals &
Divide Tasks into the following groups:
1. …
Planning Resources
Conference System
Guidelines
Hidden Resources (initially invisible)
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 4
Teacher Planning
Monitor Planning
discussions.
Make hidden resources visible as necessary
Planning Resources
Conference System
Guidelines
Hidden Resources (visible to teacher)
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Research 1
Search Internet for…
Research 1
Search Internet for…
ResearchGroup 3
ResearchGroup 2
Research Group 1
Research 1
Search Internet for…
Role-part 7Role-part 6Role-part 5
Planning Resources
Initial research links. Links to search
engines+
online databases
Planning Resources
Initial research links. Links to search
engines+
online databases
Research Resources
Initial research links. Links to search
engines
online databases
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Teacher Research
Model research thinking
& search
techniques
Role-part 5
Research Resources
Initial research links. Links to search
engines
online databases
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 8
Learner Design
Share found Resources.Design Web
site on subject X
Design Resources
Conference System
Design Tools Help
Hidden Resources (initially invisible)
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 9
Teacher
Design
Monitor Design
discussions
Make hidden resources visible as necessary
Design Resources
Conference System
Design Tools Help
Hidden Resources (visible to teacher)
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 10
Learner Evaluate
Evaluate reaction of
peers to your Website
(f2f)
Send evaluations to Assessor
Evaluation
Conference System
Evaluation Forms
Email Assessor
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 11
Teacher Evaluate
Monitor f2f evaluation as
necessary
Add redesign loops as needed
Notify
Assessor
Evaluation
Conference System
Design Tools Help
Email Assessor
Example of Project-based Learning
play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 12
Assessor Evaluate
Assess websites and return results
email Teacher
Evaluation
Email Teacher
What might LD look like?
1. Participant’s Browser View of a Live Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Completed
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
Role: Researcher 1
next
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Resources Object 1 Object 2 Service 1
Description ………. ….. …………….
Completed
Role: Researcher 1
next
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6 Role: Researcher 1
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Resources Object 1 Object 2 Service 1
Description ………. ….. …………….
View panel for Service
Completednext
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Description …… …. … .. ….. ….. ………… ……… ……. …. …. ……….
Completed
Role: Researcher 1
next
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Resources Object 10
Description …… …. … .. ….. ….. ………… ……… ……. …. …. ……….
Completed
Role: Researcher 1
next
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 4
Resources Object 10
Description …… …. … .. ….. ….. ………… ……… ……. …. …. ……….
View panel for Object 10
Completed
Role: Researcher 1
next
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 Act 6
Activities Activity 5 Activity 5.1 Activity 5.2 Activity 5.3 Activity 6 Activity 7
Completed
Role: Learner
done
Participant’s Browser View of a Learning Design
What might LD look like?
2. Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
next
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5 Conference 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5 Conference 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5 Conference 1 Send-Mail 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
next
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5 Conference 1 Send-Mail 1
Services Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
drag
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
Environment Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Resources Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3 Resource 4 Resource 5 Resource 6 …….
Environment 3 Resource 1 Resource 3 Resource 5 Conference 1 Send-Mail 1 Environment 5Services
Send-Mail Tmpt Conference Tmpt Conference 1 Conference 2 Conference 3 Send-Mail 1
done
Author’s View of an LD Environment Builder
What might LD look like?
3. Author’s View of an LD Activity Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity Editor
Activity Title: Research 1
/ Choose \ / View \ / Edit \
Learning Objective: URL
Prerequisites: URL
Description: URL
Metadata:
Environments: Environment 1
Author’s View of an LD Activity Builder
What might LD look like?
4. Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activities
next
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
next
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
drag
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6next
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
drag
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5 Activity 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
next
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5 Activity 6
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
drag
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity Structure 4
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
next
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity Structure 4
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
drag
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
Activity-Structure Editor
Environments Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4 Environment 5
Activity-Structures Activity-Struct 1 Activity-Struct 2 Activity-Struct 3 Activity-Struct 4
Activity-structure 3 Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity Structure 4 Environment 5
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
done
Author’s View of an LD Activity-structure Builder
What might LD look like?
5. Author’s View of an LD Play/Act/Role-part Builder
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Plays:
Play 1
Add Play
next
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Complete When: On Completion:
next
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role:
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles:
Role-parts: Role-part 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activity:
On Completion:
next
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role:
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Role-part 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities 1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity:
On Completion:
“edi
t”
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role:
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Research 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities 1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity:
On Completion:
next
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role:
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Research 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity:
On Completion:
drag
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role: Researcher 1
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Research 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities 1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity:
On Completion:
next
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role: Researcher 1
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Research 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities 1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity:
On Completion:
drag
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
Acts:
What might LD look like?
Play / Act / Role-part Editor
Role: Researcher 1
Plays:
Play 1
Act 1
Add Act
Roles: Learner Researcher 1 Researcher 2 Researcher 3 Researcher 4 Researcher 5 Staff Teacher Assessor
Role-parts: Research 1 Add Role-part
Complete When:
Activities Activity 1 Activity 2 … Activity-Structures Research Activities 1 Research Activities 2 …
Activity: Research Activities 1
On Completion:
done
Author’s View of an LD Play / Act / Role-part Builder
Add Play
An extended Role-Play as an example of using
Learning Design Level A
The Versailles Role-playExample submitted by LTScotland to Learning Design WGA multi-school, -team, -player, blended learning, 8 week
role-play of the Treaty of Versailles in 3 main parts:
• Preparation– Each school has six teams each playing a nation
• UK, France, USA, Poland, Italy, Serbia
– Use online system for background research• Given each country’s negotiation objectives
• History, maps and other links & materials
– f2f, in each school, prepare for & run a trial negotiation
– Each country, across all schools, prepare their strategy
• Negotiation Day– Main Negotiation Chamber & 15 ‘side-rooms’
– Agreements posted as negotiations proceed. Review @ end.
• Post-Negotiation Reflection– Each country prepares a website– What the outcomes of the Treaty means to their country
Learning Design Level B & Level C
Learning Design Level B
• Level B Properties
– Local: to the ‘run’ of current LD instance1. General Property - Unit of Learning as a whole
2. Person Property - each individual user
3. Role Property - all members of a role
– Global: persist across LD instance runs1. General Property - Unit of Learning as a whole
2. Person Property - each individual user
– Property Groups1. Groups a set of Properties of the same type
2. May contain (sub) Property Groups
Learning Design Level B
• Structure of a Property– Title
– Datatype • Integer, real, boolean, date, file, duration, etc.
– Value (runtime)
• Equivalent structures are used in– IMS QTI results
– IMS LIP (Learner Information Package)
Activity.Outcomes
• To be explored:– how to integrate these in practice
Learning Design Level C
• Notifications
• Can be used to send messages
• BUT also to set values at runtime– This gives a degree of dynamic control
over the run of a learning design instance
– But requires knowledge of:
a) the properties in the Unit of Learning
b) the conditions that will act on them
Current Developments
Open Source Reference Implementations,
mainly focused on the RELOAD Project
Valkenburg & RELOAD
• Valkenburg Group formed March 2002
• International membership focused on EML/LD
• Aim: to share development of– authoring systems
– runtime systems
• RELOAD Project in JISC X4L Program– Partners: Bolton Institute & Strathclyde Univ.
– LD from Nov 03 to July 04. Maybe 1yr extension
• Based on RELOAD editor/Colloquia P2P LMS:– Now: a complete IMS Content Packaging & MD tool
– SCORM 1.2 editor and runtime + ADL integrating SS
– July 04: Learning Design – Level A
– Next Phase: Level B & C + enhance UI & operation
Valkenburg & RELOAD
• RELOAD under MIT Open Source licence– To encourage all kinds of implementation
– Open source reference implementation
• Proposal: develop LD within the Valkenburg Group
• Others currently planning to implement LD:– OUNL (existing EML implementations / LD engine)
– University of Calgary
– UC Berkeley
– LionShare (large Mellon P2P Repository Project)– LAMS (an up & running “LD inspired” editor and
runtime player from WebMCQ in Australia)
• Exploring form an Open Source partnership
Current Status of RELOAD
Completed:– IMS, IEEE LOM and UK LOM Core editors
– IMS Content Packaging editor and player
– ADL SCORM 1.2 editor
– ADL SCORM 1.2 player
• Single user web server
• Runs on Macs and Linux as well as PCs
• To be included in Colloquia for disconnected learning
– UKeU editor
Completed by Others :– VDEX editor by Heriott-Watt University
– Simple Sequencing/ SCORM 1.3 editor, first release at upcoming Plugfest by ADL
The Existing RELOAD Editor Architecture
JDOM / JAXP wrapper
DOM (Xerces)
IMS CP/MD/SS/LD
XML docs
Controllermapped to
DOM
CP UI LD UISCORM UI
Plug-in Editor Interface
Persistent Store/ Digital
Repository
Views
Controller/s
Model
XML Schema
XML SchemaDOM
Castor
Tree Table UI Form View UI
Default View Generator
Editor DOM Generator
XML Configuration filesXML Configuration
filesXML Configuration files
TELCERT Content Reengineering Tool Extensions
JDOM / JAXP wrapper
Further Spec UIs
DOM (Xerces)
IMS CP/MD/SS/LD
XML docs
Tree Table UI
Controllermapped to
DOM
App Profile UIs
Further Standards UIs
Plug-in Editor Interface
Persistent Store/ Digital
Repository
XML Schema
Views
Controller/s
Model
XML Configuration files
XML SchemaDOM
Castor
EnhancedForm View UI
Default View Generator
Editor DOM Generator
XML Configuration filesAdditional,
Enhanced XML Configuration files
Application ProfileXML Schema
IMS DRI Z39.50 / SRW
Interface
XML Internationalisation
files
Application ProfileXML
Configuration File(s)
IMS VDEX Vocabulary Import
Data Entry Validator
Multiple LD aspect editors
JDOM / JAXP wrapper
Activities
DOM (Xerces)
IMS CP/MD/SS/LD
XML docs
Environments
Controllermapped to
DOM
Role-PartsPlays/Acts
Plug-in Editor Interface
Persistent Store/ Digital
Repository
XML Schema
Views
Controller/s
Model
XML Configuration files
XML SchemaDOM
Castor
Roles
Default View Generator
Editor DOM Generator
XML Configuration filesAdditional,
Enhanced XML Configuration files
Enhanced OUNL
LD Data Validator
LD SubsetXML
Configuration Files
possible LD Runtime Architecture
Colloquia 2
Colloquia 1
Colloquia 4
Colloquia 3
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Co-ordination
via P2P messagin
g
proposed LD Runtime Architecture
Colloquia 2Colloquia 1 Colloquia 4Colloquia 3
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Multi-player LD Co-ordination
Service(JavaSpaces)
Co-ordination
via Central Service
reusable LD Runtime Architecture
Session Servlet 2
Session Servlet 1
Session Servlet 4
Session Servlet 3
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Multi-player LD Co-ordination
Service(JavaSpaces)
Web Server / VLE
Reusable in a Web Server-
based system
reusable LD Runtime Architecture
Web Server / LMS 2
Session Servlet 2
Session Servlet 1
Session Servlet 4
Session Servlet 3
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Personal LD
engine
Multi-player LD Co-ordination
Service(JavaSpaces)
Web Server /
LMS 1
Scalable by adding servers
for Cross-site or
Cross-institution Learning
UNFOLD Project
• 2 year EC Framework 6 Support Project
• Aim: facilitate– Implementation– Effective use– Adoption
of Learning Design
• Partners
– University Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona)
– Bolton Institute/CETIS
– OU NL
Communities of Practice
Use of LT for Learning
Development of ‘Content’
Development of Systems
Learning Providers
Learning Designers
System Developers
Learning Research
Hypermedia & Collaboration
ICT Development
Formative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation
Communities of Practice
‘Blue Skies’ Research
and/or Development
Applied ResearchDomain
Enhancement of Standards
Standards Developers
Specification R & D
Formative Evaluation
Connected Communities of Practice needed for Spec Adoption
UNFOLD
Supporting:
- Learning Providers
- Learning Designers
- System Developers
Feedback to
- Spec Developers
Contacts
• IMS www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.cfm
• Valkenburg Group
[email protected] (Coordinator)
• [email protected] (Project Manager)
[email protected] (Senior Developer)
• [email protected] (Director)
