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FRUITS
1. Simple fruit - a fruit formed from a single ovary of a single
flower (monocarpous or syncarpous ovary)
2. Aggregate fruit - a fruit formed from several ovaries of a single
flower (apocarpous) e.g. Anona
3. Multiple fruit- a fruit formed from the ovaries of flowers borne in a compact inflorescence. The fruits unite at maturity e.g. jackfruit, pineapple
Fruits can be divided into three categories:
Simple fruits
1. Dry indehiscent fruits2. Dry dehiscent fruits3. Succulent/Fleshy fruits
A fruit : - pericarp + the seed (inside) - is a ripened ovary/ovaries generally containing one to many seeds inside
Pericarp : exocarp/epicarp + mesocarp + endocarp
** Following pollination and fertilization in a flower, the ovule develops into a seed while the ovary wall forms the fruit pericarp
1. Simple Fruits
pericarp
seed
Nut
AcheneCypsela Samara
A. Dry indehiscent fruits
coleoptile
plumule
coleorrhiza
radicle
endospermCaryopsis
Schizocarp
Loment/Lomentum
B. Dry dehiscent fruits
Follicle
Siliqua
Legume/Pod
(i) Capsule (Septicidal) (ii) Capsule (Loculicidal)
(iv-a) Capsule (Circumscissle)
(iii) Capsule (Poricidal)
(iv-b) Capsule (Operculate)
(Pyxis) (Poricidal)
Rubber – Capsule septicidal
Durian – Capsule loculicidal
epicarpepicarp
mesocarpmesocarp
endocarpendocarp
epicarp
mesocarp
endocarp
Berry
Drupe
C. Succulent/Fleshy fruits
endocarpepicarp
epicarp
mesocarp
endocarp
outer limit of carpel
remains of stamen, style and
calyxPomeHesperidium
Pepo
seed
tough (originated from the receptacle)
2. Aggregate Fruit
pedicel
calyx
pits/seedsfleshy receptacle
Strawberry
(achene)
pedicel
fruitlet
seed
Anona
bract
3. Multiple Fruits
fruit axis
remains of a flower
Pineapple (sorosis)
peduncle
Jackfruit
seed
pericarp
fruit axis
thickened stigma remains
perianth
true fruit
thickened stigma remains