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Fruit

mature or ripened ovary

Fruit consists of ovary walls (pericarp),

mature ovules (seeds),or fleshy

receptacle (hypanthium);

Some are edible, juicy or dry;

In some fruits, the seeds are enclosed

within the ovary;

Some are seedless

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Types of fruit

1. As composition:

a. simple

b. compound: aggregate, or multiple2. As to nature of pericarp

a. fleshy

b. dry

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Simple fruitsdevelop from a single ovary.

cherries and peaches (drupe), pears and

apples (pome), and tomatoes (berries

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Aggregate Fruit:Many ovaries derived from a

single flower.

strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries.

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Multiple Fruit:Many ovaries derived from

many individual flowers.

http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/grocery/multfrts.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/grocery/Multfrts.html&usg=__tVv-RNrNI163vxBxqj2nsQk-nHY=&h=382&w=382&sz=82&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=LbI7hOaVTuO_QM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmultiple%2Bfruits%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

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Fleshy Fruits

(Pericarp Is Fleshy At Maturity)

1. Berry:All or most of pericarp fleshy.

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2. Pepo:with hard, thick but fleshy

rind.

endocarp

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3. Hesperidium:with a leathery rind containing oilglands in pits

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The lemon (Citrus lemon) is a hesperidium, a

berry with a leathery rind. The exocarp (peel)

contains volatile oil glands (essential oils) in pits.

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4. Drupe:Seed enclosed within a stony endocarp

(pit).

Fleshy drupe fleshy mesocarp

Stony endocarp

Fibrous drupe fibrous mesocarp

Stony endocarp

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5. Pome:Accessory fruit with thick hypanthium.

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Question: What type of fruit as to composition?

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Dry fruits:

Pericarp layers are dry, papery and fused

together.

Two types:

A. Dehiscent Dry Fruits

(Split Open At Maturity)

B. Indehiscent

(do not split open at maturity)

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1.Legume or Pod:Composed of one carpel,

opens via two sutures or seams

seams- are lines of dehiscence

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2. Capsule:Composed of several fused carpels.

Opens thru several openings

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3. Follicle:One carpel that splits along one seam.

develops from a simple ovary.

Milk weed

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4. Silique:Two carpels separated by a seed-

bearing septum.

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Dry indehiscent

fruits retain their seeds and do not crack

open after ripening.

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The Achene

consists of a single seedthat is attached to the wall

of the ovary at only onepoint.

The pericarp is also thin

and undeveloped so whenit dries out the fruit has aseed-like appearance. Point of attachment

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1. TheAchene

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The pericarp is thin, transparent and

firmly attached to all points of the

seed coat the fruit is a grain.

Grain type fruits are produced by

members of the grass family which

include important food crops such as

rice, corn and wheat.

Grain or caryopsis

pericarp

seed

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Samara

is a wind borne fruit containing a single seed.

It is much like an achene except for the paper-like wing which develops from the ovary wall of

the flower.

Winged Samara fruits are characteristic of elms,

maples and ashes.

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3. The Samara

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Nuts- with hard and thick pericarp, one-seeded fruits

In acorn and chestnut, the shell is thecoat of the fruit. The coat develops fromthe ovary wall after fertilization.

Some nuts have a huskcovering the hardshell. The husk is formed from the outer

layer of the ovary wall and the hard coatof the nut is formed from the inner layer ofthe ovary wall.

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4. The Nut

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Schizocarp- fruits with fused two carpels that do

not crack upon splitting.

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