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Functional Groups
Functional Groups
• Groups of atoms attached to a carbon chain that determine the chemistry of the molecule
• Usually combinations of C and H
• Identify and name compounds by the functional groups
• 7 main functional groups
• Alkanes– Single bonded Carbons
• Alkenes– Double bonded Carbons
• Alkynes– Triple bonded Carbons
• Aldehydes– Contains carbonyl group
• Ketones– Contains carbonyl group
• Ethers– Oxygen in the middle
• Carboxylic Acids– Contain a carboxyl group
• Alcohols– Contains an OH group
• Esters– Combination of Acid and Alcohol
• Amines - – Contain Nitrogen in functional group
Alcohols
• Alcohols end in –ol
• Need to number the position of the alcohol group
– Except in one or two carbon chains
• Name the following
• Name the following
• Name the following
Aldehydes
• Aldehydes end in –al
• Give the name of the longest carbon chain
• Functional group must be at the end of the chain
• Name the following
• Name the following
Ketones
• Ketones end in –one
• Must number the position of the functional group
• Cannot be at the 1 position– Those are aldehydes
• Common names have the alkyl groups on either side of the functional groups and end in ketone
• Name the following
• Name the following
Ethers
• Ethers end in ether
• Name the left and right alkyl groups then put an ether after it.
• Separate with a space and alphabetize
• Can also be oxy- groups
• -O-CH3 is is methoxy group
• Name the following
• Name the following
Carboxylic Acids
• End in –oic Acid
• Name longest carbon chain
• Name the following
• Name the following
Esters
• Esters end in –oate (I don’t know why)
• Name group off single bonded O then the rest of the carbon chain. Put a space between
• Name the following
• Name the following
Amines
• Three ways
• Common Names end in amine
• IUPAC Amine group is named as an amino substituent
• Chemical Abstracts (CA) named as alkan-amines
• Give an acceptable name for the following
• Give an acceptable name for the following
Homework
• p. 205 7.1ab 7.2a
• p. 232 8.1ac 8.2a
• p. 251 9.1ac 9.2 acd
• p. 285 10.1a 10.2bd 10.4a
• p. 295 10.13 10.14
• p. 322 11.3a 11.4a
• Name the following