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Functions of drilling rig components
Technical University of Crete Mining Department of Mineral Resources Engineering
Athanasios Paraschos 2007020037
Drilling rigs create boreholes on that are usedin natural gas extraction
A rig that can drill a 10,000ft (3km) wellrequires 50-75 people, 35-45 semi tracks tomove and assemble it.
Drilling operations continue 24hrs and 7daysfor almost full year
By power: mechanical, electrical, hydraulic,steam and so on
By pipe used: cable, metallic or plastic drill, coiltubing
By height: single, double, triple
By rotation type: rotary table, top drive, sonic..
By position of derrick: vertical, slant
Source http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/picture_a_well/Pages/qh_drill_rig.aspx
An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams
The drilling line is run over it down and threaded
Source http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm?ID=310
An assembly ofsheaves or pulleys
The combination oftravelling block withcrown block anddrill line lifts weight
Source http://www.rigmanufacturer.com/travelling-block.html
Hook
It is a four legged loadcarrying structure
It is the most critical structureas it determines the rig´sdepth limit
It carries the load of thecrown block and travellingblock
It should de designedproperly to carry largest dryweights of these loads
Source http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm?ID=310
Suspends the weight of thedrilling pipe
It is part of fluid circulationsystem and allows for theflow of drilling mud from thestandpipe without leaking
It allows the part below it torotate
Source http://petroequip.placecat.net/product-1127116--power_swivel_used_in_drilling_rigs.html
Travelling block
Derrick
Swivel
Is a part of the circulationsystems that affects the successof drilling operation
Standing pipe: allows the drillingmud to travel up the derrick andconnect to swivel
Drilling mud is pumped frommud tanks by mud pump up thestandpipe
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg
Travelling block
Derrick
Swivel
Standing pipe
Mud pump Mud tank
Is used to turn the drillingpipe
It is a special section of pipethat is attached to thebottom of the swivel bythreading.
Drilling pipe rotates as therotary table turns. The kellyconnects these structures tothe swivel
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg
Kelly fitted into drive bushing
A powered gear located inside the rotarytable turns the master bushing.
The master bushing turns the Kellybushing.
The square or hexagonal opening in theKelly Bushing fits against the flat sides ofthe Kelly itself and causes it to spin.
The Kelly slides up and down freely insidethe opening in the Kelly Bushing allowing itto move down as the bit drills into the hole
The drill stem and bit are turned by theKelly.
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg
It is used in both the Kellysystem and Top Drive system.
The rotary table is located onthe floor of the rig and it iscapable of producing a strongrotating force called
Additional equipmenttransmits torque from therotary table to the drill bit.
Source http://www.shutterstock.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9x4atwaCvs
Drill Pipe forms the upper part ofthe drill string.
Each section of pipe is called ajoint with a box (female) and pin(male) located on the ends.
Drill pipe is threaded together orassembled in sections and put intothe hole as the bit turns.
Drill pipe is hollow and allows fluidor transmitting wires to passthrough
• It is Located at the bottom end of the drill string andmake contact with the subsurface layers, and drillingthrough them.
•http://www.nov.com/Downhole/Drill_Bits.aspx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fl8L4qSqSqE&feature=related
The assembly of preventers,spools, valves, and nipplesconnected to the top of thewellhead
prevent the uncontrolledescape of steam or water duringdrilling operations.
http://www.mediafire.com/?uuay2bclaicd2nrtaringa.net
Mud pump: A large, high-pressurereciprocating pump used tocirculate the mud on a drilling rig.
Pressure is as high as 52MPa
Mud pit: Originally, an open pitdug in the ground to hold drillingmud or waste materials such aswell bore cuttings or mudsediments.
Steel tanks are much morecommonly used for thesepurposes now, but they are stillusually referred to as pits.
http://www.mediafire.com/?uuay2bclaicd2nrtaringa.net
It is made of heavy steelpipe
lines the walls of the holeto prevent the wall of thehole from caving in
prevents movement offluids from one formationto another, and to aid inwell control.
The space between thewall of the hole and thecasing is filled by cement
Friction caused by the drilling operation will tend toreduce the outside diameter of the drill bit.
Air must be delivered to the piston at sufficientpressure to activate the reciprocating action, and inturn drive the head into the rock with sufficientstrength to fracture and pulverise it
New non-contact effective drilling technologies: arebased on the utilization of water jet, chemical plasma,hydrothermal spallation or laser
very promising in deep drilling applications
produce boreholes with large constant diameter without frequent replacement of the drill bits
It would decrease time and money consumption
It is in research phase
Paul K. Ngugi, Geothermal well drilling, Short Course III on Exploration for
Geothermal Resources, organized by UNU-GTP and KenGen, at Lake Naivasha, Kenya, October 24 - November 17, 2008
Eustace Githaiga Ndirangu, 2000, selection of a future geothermal drilling rig,geothermal trainng program, the united nations university
Www.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_deep_drilling_technology#High-energetic_electrical_plasma
http://www.geothermalanywhere.com/en/news/98-the-official-opening-research-center-for-deep-drilling-technologies.html