Upload
vuxuyen
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Fundamental Data of LCCP Calculation in China and a Case Study
Baolong WangTsinghua University
2015.8.22
2Tsinghua University
Contents
Background LCCP definition and fundamental data Fundamental data difference A case study
3Tsinghua University
GWP(global warming potential) Relative to CO2 Easy to evaluate Just direct emission
TEWI(total equivalent warming impact) Direct emission + Indirect emission Just indirect emission during use Complicated to calculate
LCCP(life cycle climate performance) Direct emission + Indirect emission From cradle to grave More complicated to calculate
Background: from GWP to LCCP
4Tsinghua University
LCCP Definition*
*IIR,LCCP WP, Booklet-LCCP Guideline-V6
5Tsinghua University
Fundamental Data for LCCP Calculation
Yunho Hwang, on Life Cycle Climate Performance Evaluation, Report
6Tsinghua University
Data SourcesArticles
Journals, Theses Books, Reports
Standards Refrigeration, air conditioner, VRF, etc
Year books China Electric Power Yearbook China Energy Statistics Yearbook China Statistical Yearbook
Organizations Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR) Chinese Refrigeration and Air conditioning industry Association (CRAA) China Household Electrical Appliance Research Institute (CHEARI) China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS)
7Tsinghua University
Fundamental data difference
Section No. Details Reference
1.1 Applications
1.2 System Types
1.3 System Lifetime
RAC:
Default value: 15 years
China: 10Years
•Xia Wang. Life Cycle Assessment for Carbon Emission of Residential Building[D]. Tianjin University, 2012
1.4 Refrigerants
1.5 GWP (100 Yrs.H)
1.6 Charge
8Tsinghua University
Fundamental data difference
Section No. Details Reference
2.1 Location (City, Country)Cities listed in weather
database
2.2 Climate DataWeather Data: weather
database
•Chinese typical meteorological year (CNTMY)•Chinese standard weather data (CSWD)•Designer's Simulation Toolkit (DeST)
2.3 Utility Emission
Rate
Default value:
0.594~0.788
China: 0.8592~1.1109
•2010 Baseline Emission Factors for Regional Power Grids in China •China Electric Power Yearbook 2012
2.4 Load Profile •Designer's Simulation Toolkit (DeST)
9Tsinghua University
Fundamental data difference
Section No. Details Reference
3.1 Regular Emissions 4%
3.2 Irregular Emissions 0%
3.3 Service EmissionDefault value: 0%
China: 15%
3.4 End-of-Life EmissionDefault value: 15%
China: 100%
3.5 Leakage during
Production & Transport0%
3.6 Decomposition 0%
10Tsinghua University
Fundamental data difference
Section No. Details Reference
4.1 Energy Consumption of
the System
4.2 Energy to Make
Components/System
•Zhaojian Li. Study on the Life Cycle Consumption of Energy and Resouce of Air Conditoning in Urban Residential Building in China[D]. Tsinghua University, 2007
4.3 Energy to Produce &
Transport Refrigerant•China Statistical Yearbook 2008
4.4 Energy to Produce &
Transport
Components/System
•Zhaojian Li. Study on the Life Cycle Consumption of Energy and Resouce of Air Conditoning in Urban Residential Building in China[D]. Tsinghua University, 2007
4.5 Energy for End-of-Life,
Recycling/Recovery of
System and Refrigerant
•Zhaojian Li. Study on the Life Cycle Consumption of Energy and Resouce of Air Conditoning in Urban Residential Building in China[D]. Tsinghua University, 2007
11Tsinghua University
Summary of main differences
Fundamental data Default value in ORNL LCCP Chinese
System Lifetime 15 10
Utility Emission Rate 0.594~0.788 0.8592~1.1109
Service Emission 0% 15%
End-of-Life Emission 15% 100%
12
A case study : inverter room air conditioner used in
a bed room at Beijing, China
13Tsinghua University
Type Split air conditioner Weight (kg) 38.48/38.48/45.48
Cooling Capacity (W) 2600 Copper 7.96/7.96/8.84
Brass 0.56Refrigerant R410A/R32/R290Steel 16.42/16.42/22.25
Refrigerant Charge (kg) 0.8/0.57/0.49Plastics 8.03/8.03/8.08
System lifetime (yr) 10 Rubber 0.63Utility Emission Rate (kg CO2e) 0.9914 Wrought
Aluminum 3.6Service emission 15%
Aluminum Castings 0.48/0.48/0.72
Service interval (yr) 5Aluminum Forgings 0.8End-of-Life emission 100%
Fundamental data for calculation
14Tsinghua University
Method to calculate Direct Emission
ORNL-LCCP
Input Output
15Tsinghua University
Method to calculate electricity consumption
DeST + Simulation model
Weather Building
Load
AC
Electricity Consumption Capacity
COP
16
Results and Discussion
17Tsinghua University
City Name Beijing, ChinaRoom Bedroom, 20 m2
Refrigerant R410ATotal Emissions 7567Total Direct Emissions 2834
Annual Leakage 666.76EOL 1666.9Service 500.07
Total Indirect Emissions 4733Energy Consumption 4604Materials 115.59Recycling 5.1Charge 8.19
Total Direct Emissions
37%
Total Indirect Emissions
63%
Annual Leakage
23%
EOL59%
Service18%
Energy Consumption
98%
Materials 2%
LCCP—R410A
18Tsinghua University
City Name Beijing, ChinaRoom Bedroom, 20 m2
Refrigerant R32Total Emissions 4976Total Direct Emissions 651
Annual Leakage 153.09EOL 382.72Service 114.82
Total Indirect Emissions 4325Energy Consumption 4201Materials 115.59Recycling 5.1Charge 3.67
Total Direct Emissions
13%
Total Indirect Emissions
87%
Annual Leakage
23%
EOL59%
Service18%
Energy Consumption
97%
Materials 3%
LCCP—R32
19Tsinghua University
City Name Beijing, ChinaRoom Bedroom, 20 m2
Refrigerant R290Total Emissions 4328Total Direct Emissions 2.75
Annual Leakage 0.65EOL 1.62Service 0.48
Total Indirect Emissions 4325Energy Consumption 4186Materials 132.23Recycling 6.27Charge 0.44
Total Direct Emissions
0%
Total Indirect Emissions
100%
Annual Leakage
24%
EOL59%
Service17%
Energy Consumption
97%
Materials 3%
LCCP—R290
20Tsinghua University
Remark 1
Much larger ratio of the direct emission in the total emission
* GWP value from UNEP TEAP-RTOC 2014 report▵Sample Values from Booklet –LCCP Guideline
21Tsinghua University
Remark 2
Much low energy consumption due to “Part time, Part space” operation habit About 10~20 kWh/m2 in this analysis
* Wenxing Shi, 2014, Survey on the Chinese VRF Market
No. Investigator Location Year Samples (families) Annual energy consumption of AC (kWh/m2)
1 Pingfang Hu Wuhan 1998 12 3.82 Jun Ren Guangzhou 1999 - 5.23 Weiding Long Shanghai 2001 780 4.34 Qian Wu Hangzhou 2003 283 6.35 Shuqin Chen Shaoyang 2005 60 2.36 Bingqi Ma Xi'an 2005 140 4.17 Xiaoping Yu Chongqing 2006 701 7.88 Zhaojian Li Beijing 2007 446 3.19 Zhe Li Suzhou 2011 4 2.310 Zhaojian Li Fuzhou 2012 107 6.3
22Tsinghua University
Remark 3
Poor maintenance and EOL recoveryFundamental data Default value in ORNL LCCP Chinese
Service Emission 0% 15%
End-of-Life Emission 15% 100%
23Tsinghua University
Discussion
What conclusion can we get according to this?
For low energy consumption, they need lower GWP refrigerant, such as CO2 ? R32 is not suitable for these areas?
24Tsinghua University
My understandings
Both the relative value and absolute value should be considered
For different people (manufacture, user, policy maker, etc), use different index For manufacture, use the relative valve to guide the
optimal direction of the product Should the trend of energy consumption be
considered before making a judgement?Do we need to set a bar? Below that, the
total emission is not crucial.
25Tsinghua University
Thanks! Questions?