Fundamental Positions 1111

8/10/2019 Fundamental Positions 1111

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Rehabilitation Science Department

Therapeutic ExercisesCourse name: Physical therapy procedure II

Course code & number: 322 RHS

Lecture Name: herapeutic e!ercises

Lectures Name: Dr" #shra$ Ramadan Ha$e%

Date:

b'ecti(e o$ Lecture:

#$ter studyin) this lecture* the student must be able+

o de$ine the basic $undamental positions

o de$ine the deri(ed positions

o de$ine the e$$ects and uses

Content o$ lecture

basic $undamental positions

Lyin) position and its uses

Deri(ed position $rom lyin)

Sittin) position and its uses

Deri(ed position $rom sittin)

Standin) position and its uses

Deri(ed position $rom standin)

,neelin) position and its uses

Deri(ed position $rom -neelin)

Han)in) position and its uses

Deri(ed position $rom han)in)

.undamental and deri(ed Positions

There are five Fundamental Positions which are usually described with their

derivatives as the starting positions from which exercises start or in which may be

given.

Startin) Positions:

1- Lying position.

2-itting position.

!-tanding position.

"-#neeling position.

$-%anging position.

Deri(ed positions

&erived positions are positions used by modification of the arms' legs or trun( in

each of fundamental position.

The aims of derived positions are) 1-To increase or decrease the base of support.


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2-To rise or lower the center of gravity *+,.

!-To gain local or general relaxation.

"-To gain fixation and good control of specific area.

$-To increase or decrease the muscle wor( re/uired to maintain the position.

0-To increase or decrease the leverage.

1-Lyin)This is the easiest position as the body can completely supported in the supine

position and as stable as possible.

The body lies stretched out upon a horiontal surface' arms to the sides and legs

straight with muscles relaxed. There is actually no real muscle wor( necessary for

maintaining this position. The body is most supported with large base and low centre

of gravity.

his position is /sed:

-For wea( patients.

- For small children' because they often do not understand how to maintain other

starting positions.it is suitable for many exercises-.

-Fre/uantly for massage.

-Positions Deri(ed .rom Lyin)"

1-ide Lying)

n ideal position for relaxation for many people is provided by adapting. Three

pillows are re/uired' one for the head' one for the uppermost arm and one to

support leg which is bent-.

-3sed in sling exercises.

2-Prone Lying)

/ses:

3nsuitable for heart and respiratory diseased patients as breathing is so restrict-.-3sed as corrective position for spine.


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4ay be comfortable for young and slim people-.

30Hal$ Lyin):

The trun( is supported in the obli/ue position by inclination of the long end of the

plinth' or by the arrangements of the pillows.

1$$ect:

The (nees may be bent to increase relaxation of the abdominal wall.

/ses:

1-5t is much used forward exercises.

2-6elaxed and comfortable position for wea( and elderly people.

!-7reathing is easier than in lying' so it is used in many chest conditions.

0Croo- Lyin):

-From lying' the hip and (nees are bent so that the feet rest on the floor or plinth.

8ery little muscle wor( is re/uired Tension is removed from the structure anterior

to the hip 9oint so that the pelvis rolls bac(ward and the lumbar spine is relaxed on

to the supporting surface.

/ses:

1-To train relaxation and posture.

2-5n pelvic and bac( exercises.

20 Sittin) position


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5t is ta(en on a chair. 5n this position the body rests chiefly on the tuberosities of

the ischium' but the bac( of the thighs should also be supported and the feet should

rest upon the floor. The hip' (nee' and an(le 9oints should all form right angles. The

(nees should be slightly apart so that the position of the legs is easy. The wor(ing

muscles for maintaining the position are principally the nec(' bac(' and posteriorshoulder muscles. :our weight should be evenly distributed on both buttoc(s.

1$$ects #nd /ses:1.eneral steadiness in this position is considerably greater' because- )

a*The base is larger;

b*The centre of gravity lies nearer the base;

2.The pelvis is also firmer' because it rests on the supporting surface.

!.The leg muscles wor( little.

Positions Deri(ed .rom Sittin):

1-Long itting)

This is similar to the previous position' but the (nees are extended so that the

whole leg is supported.

1$$ect:

5t leads to increase tension of hamstring.

/ses:

Position is difficult due to instability.


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2-+ross itting)

This is also similar to croo( sitting' but the an(les are crossed and the hips

strongly abducted and laterally rotated' so that the lateral aspect of the (nees is

pressed to the floor. Tension on the hamstring muscle is reduced but the adductorsof the hip are stretched.

!-%igh itting)

The fundamental sitting position is ta(en on a high plinth or table but the feet

remain unsupported.

/ses:

5t is convenient some foot and (nee exercise.


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30Standin) Position)

1-The heels are on ground with angle not exceed "$


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20Stride standin):

The legs are abducted and the heels are apart and remain in "$


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0Hal$ standin):

The whole weight of the body is supported on one leg' the other may be free or

supported in a variety of the positions.

1$$ects:

7alance is very difficult with one leg. The free leg can rest in many positions li(e

stool with flexed hip and (nee *step st.. This position reflexes the tension of the

abdominal operations.

/ses in:

5ncrease tension of the hamstring of the lower leg and straightening of the lumbar

spine.

0,N11LIN5

The body is supported on the (nees which may be together or slightly apart.

1-The lower leg rests on the floor with the feet planter flexed.

2-The feet may be in the mid position over the edge of the plinth.


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1$$ect) uncomfortable position for most people due to difficult balance.

/ses) as starting position for bac(ward movements.

Positions Deri(ed .rom he -neelin))

0Hal$ ,neelin)

,ne (nee supports most of the weight and other leg is bent to a right angle at

hip' (nee and an(le so that the foot is supported on the ground in a forward

direction.

2-#neel itting

The (nees and hips are flexed so that patient sits on his heels.

/ses:

ometimes used for small children' but most people find it very uncomfortable.


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30Prone ,neelin)

The trun( is horiontal' supported under the shoulders by the arms' and at the

pelvis by the thighs' which must be held vertical. The head is held in line with the

trun(.

1$$ect and /ses:

The position is stable' comfortable and suitable for many trun( and head

exercises. The pelvis is free for antro-posterior and lateral movement' but fixed

rotation. The body may be inclined forwards and downwards.

60H#N5IN5

The body is suspended by grasping over horiontal bar.The arms straight @ at least shoulder width apart and forearm being pronated. The

legs and trun( hang straight with the heels together and the an(le planter flexed.

/ses:

it is suitable for athletic persons with high muscle strength.

Produces a passive stretching of the spine and its ligaments' especially in the

lower part' and is therefore used in treating spinal curvatures.

6aises the ribs by stretching the shoulder muscles' and is therefore used in the

treatment of flat chest.


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Deri(ed Positions .rom Han)in)

Han)in) 0 Hal$

The body is supported in the obli/ue position by the arms which grasp a horiontal

bar' while the rest of the body is inclined and straight.

1$$ect and /ses:

The position re/uires very strong muscle wor( for the bac( muscle' especially the

scapulae retractors' which wor( against gravity and the weight of the body.

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Fundamental Positions 1111