Furnishes n Artifacts

8/13/2019 Furnishes n Artifacts

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FURNISHES

AND ARTIFACTS


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WHAT ARE FURNISHES? Furnishes can be defined as the furniture and

appliances and other movable accessories(including curtains and rugs) that make a home (orother building) livable.

WHAT ARE ARTIFACTS? Artifacts are the objects that people make or use

while they function within their environment. Atwo or three dimensional object largely definedby aesthetic value or value as an object rather

than by informational value.


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FURNISHES


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CURTAINS


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WHAT ARE CURTAINS? A curtain is a piece of cloth intended to block or

obscure light, or draughts, or water in the caseof a shower curtain.

Curtains hung over a doorway are known asportieres. Curtains are often hung on the insideof a building's window to block the travel oflight, for instance at night to aid sleeping or tostop light from escaping outside the building(stopping people outside from being able to seeinside, often for privacy reasons).

In this application they are also known as"draperies.

Curtains come in a variety of shapes, materials,sizes, colors and patterns, and they often havetheir own sections within department stores,while some shops are completely dedicated to

selling curtains. Curtains are a form of window treatment, and

complete the overall appearance of the house. Window treatment helps control the ambiance

and flow of natural light into the room. The effect of drapery or curtains, is best seen in

daylight, and with proper indoor lightpositioning, it can look attractive even at night.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SuwakoNoren.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Curtain.agr.jpg


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WHY AND WHERE IS IT USED? LIGHT ABSORPTION AND HEAT

INSULATION A sheer or net curtain is one that ismade from translucent fabric, such asa loosely woven polyester voile or acotton lace.

Sheer curtains allow a majority of

light to be transmitted through thefabric, with the fabric weave providinga basic level of UV protection whilstretaining maximum visibility throughthe curtain.

Sheer curtains are sometimes

referred to as privacy curtains inreference to their screening abilities;during the day most sheer fabrics willallow people inside the home to seethe outside view whilst preventingpeople outside the home from seeing

directly into the home.SHEAR OR NET CURTAINS


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WHY AND WHERE IS IT USED?

PERFORMING ARTS Curtains also provide visual separation in other situations, such as

on a stage, where the actors make final preparations for the showbehind a curtain known as the Tabs. The curtain opens when theshow begins, it may close for intervals, and it closes at the end of theshow.

COMMERCIAL CURTAINS

With the increase in single family homes during the last century, thecurtain and drapery industries have witnessed simultaneous growthin the demand for their products. Commercial interests also grewduring that time as many companies tried to supply institutions,hotels, etc.


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WHY AND WHERE IS IT USED? THEATRE DRAPES AND STAGE CURTAINS

Theater drapes and stage curtains are

pieces of cloth that fully or partially cover astage. They come in many different types.

The front curtain (also called a grand drape,act curtain, house curtain, house drape ormain drape) hangs upstage of theproscenium arch. It is usually made fromheavyweight material as its purpose is tohide the stage and muffle sounds. In smallertheatres, they usually consist of twocurtains which part horizontally (known as atraveler ).

The Austrian , braille or contour curtain issuspended from a "gridiron" and either

raised or lowered by a counterweightsystem in order to expose, or close, thestage. It has a characteristic set of folds. TheVenetian or profile curtain is similar inappearance to the Austrian drape, but eachindividual pleat can be flown independently,allowing the curtain to be opened to variousheights or configurations.

Austrian (or braille or contour) curtain.

Tormentor (side of stage) curtains
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AustrianPic.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Theater_Bielefeld_Inspizientenpult.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AustrianPic.jpg


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PARTS OF CURTAINS TEASERS and TORMENTERS

are horizontal and verticalcurtains (respectively) thatobscure portions of thestage and act to reduce thesize of the proscenium.These can also be called legs or border

A SCRIM is curtain made ofa special fabric that isopaque when lit from thefront, but transparent whenbacklit.

A BACKDROP is a painted

curtain that hangs in theback of the stage to indicatescenery.

A CYCLORAMA or cyc is alarge curtain that encirclesthe stage and provides abackground.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stage_curtains.jpg


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WHAT ARE DRAPES? Drapery refers to cloths or

textiles (Old French drap , fromLate Latin drappus ) used fordecorative purposes--such on

windows--or to the trade ofselling cloth. Even small British towns had

several drapers' shops untilquite recently, when ready-

made clothes, curtains, etchave become the norm.Several department storesoriginated as drapers' shops.


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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRAPES ANDCURTAINS

The difference betweenDrapes and Curtains is verysimple. Drapes are pleatedand are more formal,

whereas curtains areinformal and generallygathered. Both enhance awindow with long flows offabric. They can be drawnback in a stationary position,or designed to open andclose in a variety of ways.


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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRAPES

arched drooped drapeshung from decorative

knobs

wide broad mounted swafswith tent flap side panels


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swags that flow into long sidepanels are hung from

decorative Wrought Iron

hardware

flip over panels with cornices


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cafe curtains with eura pleatheading and string ties on acustom bow rod

quilted panels with rouchedheaders(scrunched top)


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Coronet Bed Drape A coronet bed drape consists of

curtains and a valance which aredraped from a curved board. Theboard is fixed to the wall at aconvenient height above the head

of the bed. Lined curtains are hungto softly drape down either side ofthe bed and are held back witheither tie backs or hold backs.

An unlined curtain provides abackdrop which can be used withor without a headboard, but this is

optional.

To complete the effect, an unlinedvalance is attached to the front ofthe board. The bottom edge ofwhich is bound in a contrastingcolor to enhance the shape.


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TYPES OF SWAGS AND VALANCES

English Tudor Swag - is more elaborate than the basicdrapery swag. The gathered sides add fullness and extradetail that creates an air of elegance. It is for use withdecorative side panels only. For added elegance you canadd a "short tail". And for an even more elaborate

presentation, add the "tail" and the Piccadilly Jabot.

Pointed Swag with Jabot Curved Swag with Jabot Curved Swag with Long Jabot
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/3c919355.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/5507774b.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/382b8505.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/82f310b0.jpg


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Piccadilly Jabot - can be used on draperypanels with or without a swag. Without aswag it would be perfect for functional

drapes. With decorative panels add theelegance of an English Tudor Swag. This swagis either self lined or lined with contrastingfabric.

Kingston Pole Swag - makes an excellentpresentation over any type of panels, functionalor decorative. It can also be stunning by

itself. It will fit most windows with double ortriple swags. More swags could be added for awider window.
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/4aa37a19.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/1de06e34.jpg


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Karmen Valance - This is a simple, tailored design thatis mounted with three decorative hold backs, as shownin the picture. The center hold back is mounted 5inches above the two other hold backs. This design ismade for windows from 36" to 54" wide. The jabotsand horns are self lined, or lined with contrastingfabric. Standard lining can be used for the balance ofthe design. This design can be used over drapes or as astand alone treatment.

Parisian Raised Valance - This French design has delicatescallop edges. It is mounted with three decorative holdbacks. The center holdback is mounted 8" above the othertwo hold backs. This valance is at home with manydecorating styles. It is suitable for windows from 36" to

60" wide. The jabot and tail sections are either self linedor lined in contrast fabric. The swag section can be linedwith standard lining. This style can be used with drapes ornot, according to your taste.
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/a35fc934.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/efd63843.jpg


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Empire on a Rod - This treatment is a version of theclassic Empire Valance. It can fit almost any windowwidth. The swags can be as deep as 20" or as littleas 14". Some stripes and diagonals are notsuitable. The number of swags we use will bedetermined by the width of your window. Thistreatment will go well over drapes and as well bestunning when used alone.

Rod Pocket Swag - This traditional swag has beenmodified to be mounted on a rod. This treatment will fitalmost any size window. It has a "mix and match" flair inthat the swags and tails can be arranged in several waysgiving each treatment a different look. The Rod Pocket

Swag can be used as a stand alone treatment or overdrapes. The jabot and tail sections are either self lined orlined with contrasting fabric. The swag section can belined with standard lining.
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/f07fc12d.jpghttp://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c292/drapesandinteriors/Swags%20and%20Valances/98d719a8.jpg


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CURTAIN RODS


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FINIALS, BRACKETS AND TIEBACK


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RINGS

CLIP RINGS


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RODS AND ROD SYSTEM


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BRACKETS


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BRACKETS


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TIPS FOR CURTAIN ACCESSORIES NOTES ON DIFFERENT ELEMENTS:

RODS : to measure, see the width of the window and take 4 extra on each side.

Mount the rods approximately 4 above the window. These extra inches prevent lightcoming in from side/top of the curtains.

TELESCOPIC RODS : it is a flexible system and removes measurement errors. One sizefits many situations.

EXTRA STRONG RODS : for situation of long spans or extra heavy curtains, where you

want to use lesser number of centre brackets. FINIALS : allow at least two inch empty space after the finials to the end of the wall

for the finials to look good. DECORATIVE BRACKETS : can be used both instead of finials and along with them (as

central bracket).

TIE BACKS : used to pull back curtains. They are best mounted at 40% height from thebase of the curtain. BRACKETS : decide the number of brackets based on the total rod length and the type

of curtains (heavy/light) to prevent the bending of the rod. Single/double/triple to suit the number of layers of curtain required.

Special wall end, bay window, ceiling brackets, channels. for different projection from wall.

DIFFERENT WAYS OF MOUNTING CURTAIN


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DIFFERENT WAYS OF MOUNTING CURTAIN

MOUNTING CURTAINS ON RODS USING FABRIC RINGS


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CURTAINS MOUNTED ON RODS USING PLASTIC/WOODEN/METALLIC RINGS


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CURTAINS MOUNTED ON DECORATIVE KNOBS


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VERTICAL Vs HORIZONTAL


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VERTICAL Vs HORIZONTAL One important category for window and door blinds is vertical vs

horizontal. Vertical blinds can also be called track blinds. This distinctionrefers to the direction that the blinds appear in a door or window. Thechoice between two can make a big difference in look and have a largeimpact on the decorating scheme of the room. Most of the time,vertical blinds are used for larger openings like doors, while horizontalblinds are used for windows and smaller openings. However, this is notalways the case.

SLAT Vs SOLID Slat blinds are what most people refer to as blinds. However, they are

distinguished from solid blinds by the open spaces that appear betweenslats. The slats are often connected by a string that allows the blindsowner to open and close the slats to allow light in. Solid blinds, on theother hand, typically do not have slats, but instead are made out of oneconnected piece of material. Typically, these either roll up or can befolded to raise or lower them. Solid blinds are often referred to asshades or curtains.


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SOLID BLINDS

SLAT BLINDS

HORIZONTAL BLINDS

VERTICAL BLINDS


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Pleated blinds


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Pleated blinds Pleated blinds serve a similar function to Venetian blinds as their flat

horizontal fabric panels can be adjusted to control the amount of light let intothe room. If you want light to enter from the top of the windows, you canchoose pleated blinds that have a top -down design.

This type of blind is available in a wide range of colours and fabrics, and giveswindows a homely yet stylish appearance. Pleated blinds are also great foruse in skylight, conservatory and shaped windows.

Vertical Blinds Vertical blinds have vertical panels that can be adjusted to control the amount

of light that enters the room. The blinds can also be pulled to one or bothsides of the window if you want to allow all the light to enter. Vertical blindsare available in different widths and lengths, and they are a popular choice forfull-length windows, conservatory windows or patio doors.

Many people use vertical blinds to control the amount of light that enters aconservatory or sunroom in order to protect the furniture from damagingsunlight.

* When it comes to measuring and installing blinds there are a few things youshould remember. To get accurate measurements you should use a steel ruler,and it is worth bearing in mind that the blind should be unobstructed when itis fully extended to allow it to hang freely. *


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Colour Texture and Appearance


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Colour, Texture, and Appearance This is a very important consideration when decorating a

room or purchasing blinds. The colour of the blinds can matter

as far as the overall decorating scheme. There are a wide arrayof colours available - particularly colours that may be currentlyin style. You may have to look more carefully to find a veryunique or unusual colour. In addition, the texture of the blindsmatters too. A lot of the texture will depend on the materialthat is used. Wood will provide a more rugged, aged look.Aluminium or vinyl will provide a functional look. Fabric blindsor a combination can provide a very distinctive appearance. Afinal thing to consider in this category is that blinds can

regulate the light that enters a room. This can have a greataffect on the rest of the furniture in your room. You shouldpay careful attention to how much light you want to enter andhow well you can control it to create the desired affect.


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DIFFERENT TYPES OF

CURTAINS, DRAPES,SHADES AND BLINDS


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UPHOLSTERY


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WHAT IS UPHOLSTERY? Upholstery is the work

of providing furniture,especially seats, withpadding, springs,

webbing, and fabric orleather covers. The word"upholsts sometimescalled an outsider or

trimmer.

WHERE IS IT APPLIED?


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WHERE IS IT APPLIED? UPHOLSTERY OF

DOMESTIC FURNITURE. FRAMES SPRING SYSTEMS CUSHION,PILLOW,PADDIN

G AND FILLS FABRICS AND LEATHERS

AUTOMOBILE HOLSTERY MARINE UPHOLSTERY


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UPHLOSTERY TACKS AND DECOARTIVE


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UPHLOSTERY TACKS AND DECOARTIVENAILS

FlexibleCurve Ease(InvisibleCurvedEdges)

FlexibleCurve Ease(by the Roll)

TackingStrip

(FIBER)

TackingStrip

(METAL)

UpholsteryTacks

Square LargeDecorative

Nails,Antique

BrassNailhead Trim,French Natural

UPHLOSTERY TACKS AND DECOARTIVE


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UPHLOSTERY TACKS AND DECOARTIVENAILS

UPHOLSTERY AND NOTION SUPPILES


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UPHOLSTERY AND NOTION SUPPILES

Burlap, Synthetic Burlap, Natural,Jute

Jute Seat Webbing Coil Spring, 9"

NO SAG SPRING

E CLIP

Denim Platform

Cloth

CambricPlatform Cloth

Cotton Welt

WHERE ALL IS IT USED?


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WHERE ALL IS IT USED?


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SOME PICTURES


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SOME PICTURES

SOME PICTURES


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SOME PICTURES


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CARPETS

WHAT ARE CARPETS?


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A carpet is any loom-woven, felted textile or

grass floor covering. Theterm was also used fortable and wallcoverings, as carpets

were not commonlyused on the floor inEuropean interiors untilthe 18th century. The

hand-knotted pilecarpet probablyoriginated in CENTRALASIA between the 3rdand 2nd millennium BC.

TYPES OF CARPETS


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WOVEN CARPETS The carpet is produced on a loom

similar to woven cloth and is a cut pile.Normally many colored yarns are usedand this process is capable of producingintricate patterns from pre-determineddesigns. These carpets are normally themost expensive.

TUFTED Tufted carpet is produced on a tufting

machine using a single-colored orsometimes non-colored yarn. If non-colored yarn is used the carpet will laterbe dyed or printed with a design. Tufted

carpets can be either cut pile, loop pileor a combination of both. Tuftingmachines produce many more metersof carpet per hour than weaving does,and tufted carpets are usually low- tomedium-priced.

NEEDLEFELT These carpets are more technologically

advanced. Needlefelts are produced byelectrostatic attraction of individualsynthetic fibers forming an extremelydurable carpet. These carpets arenormally found in the contract marketsuch as hotels etc. where there is a lotof traffic.

TYPES OF CARPETS


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OTHERS

A FLATWEAVE carpet is created by interlocking warp (vertical) and weft(horizontal) threads. Types of oriental flatwoven carpet include kilim,soumak, plain weave, and tapestry weave. Types of Europeanflatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch, damask, list, haircloth, andingrain (aka double cloth, two-ply, triple cloth, or three-ply).

A HOOKED RUG is a simple type of rug handmade by pulling strips ofcloth such as wool or cotton through the meshes of a sturdy fabric suchas burlap. This type of rug is now generally made as a handicraft.

On a KNOTTED PILEcarpet (formally, a supplementary weft cut-looppile carpet), the structural weft threads alternate with a supplementaryweft that rises at right angles to the surface of the weave. Thissupplementary weft is attached to the warp by one of three knot types(see below) to form the pile or nap of the carpet.

TYPES OF CARPETS


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EARLY CARPETS: TURKISH CARPETS PERSIAN AND ANATOLIAN INDIAN AND PAKISTANI ORIENTAL CARPETS IN

EUROPE SPANISH CARPETS FRENCH CARPETS ENGLISH CARPETS

MODERN CARPETS(WOOL AND SILKCARPETS)

WOOL AND SILK CARPETS GEOMETRIC CARPETS

TUFTED CARPETS ABSTRACT CARPETS DESIGNER CARPETS MODERN CARPETS EXCLUSIVE CARPETS HANDMADE CARPETS SIMPLE CARPETS

MODERN CARPETS


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WOOL AND SILK CARPETS GEOMETRIC CARPETS TUFTED CARPE


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ABSTRACT CARPETS DESIGNER CARPETS MODERN CARPETS


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EXCLUSIVE CARPETS HANDMADE CARPETS SIMPLE CARPET

TUFTED MODERN CARPETS


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CARPETS


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CARPETS

DAKINI CARPETS

HAND MADE SHAGGY CARPET

HAND TUFTED MODERN HAND TUFTED RUGS


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CUSHIONS

WHAT ARE CUSHIONS?


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A cushion (from Old French coisson , coussin ;from Latin culcita , a quilt), is a soft bag of someornamental material, stuffed with wool, hair,feathers, polyester staple fiber, non-wovenmaterial, or even paper torn into fragments.

It may be used for sitting or kneeling upon, orto soften the hardness or angularity of a chairor couch.

Cushions and rugs can be used temporarilyoutside, to soften a hard ground.

They can be placed on sun-loungers and usedto prevent annoyances from moist grass andbiting insects.

Some dialects of English use this word to referto throw pillows as well.

The cushion is a very ancient article offurniture; the inventories of the contents ofpalaces and great houses in the early MiddleAges constantly made mention of them.

Cushions were then often of great size, coveredwith leather, and firm enough to serve as a seat,but the steady tendency of all furniture hasbeen to grow smaller with time.

Cushion: makes a lounge or rug softer

CUSHION AS FURNISHING


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CUSHION AS FURNISHING This item is a very ancient

furnishing which was andis still used as a decorativearticle either in Livingroom and Bedroom.

It comes in thousands ofvarieties, designs, colors,and shapes, which makesit quite attractive.

Modern and Traditionalcushions are available.

Cushions: often found in piles


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ARTIFACTS


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PLANTATION

REFLECTED AND ABSORBED SUNLIGHT


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101

Walls painted white reflect 80 to 90per cent of sunlight striking

them, thus extendingillumination to dark cornersof a room. Mirrored walls,especially those opposite awindow, are even moreefficient as reflectors.

Pale gray, beige or pastel-coloredwalls absorb more light than

white ones, reflecting 50 to60 per cent of the light thatfalls on them. Plants placednear a corner benefit fromthe light reflected from bothadjoining walls.

20 to 30 per cent of the light strikinga dark-colored drapery or

wall is reflected. If you usedark colors extensively, youwill need to select plantsthat can survive in lowlight, or use supplementaryartificial light.

N


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102

W

S


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LANDSCAPING

LANDSCAPE Interior landscape design is a balance of


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Interior landscape design is a balance oftropical plants and plant accessories. Yourindoor landscape can be beautifullydesigned and maintained withoutresponsibilities such as watering, fertilizingand trimming. Plantscape furnishes interiorplant decor from indoor plants to waterfountains to create a coziness that enchantsyour business office.

Artificial plants are an ideal low-maintenance option if your corporation islocated outside of the Twin Cities metroarea. Our many plant varieties are designedfor your interior office building, as well aslandscape the outdoors.

Office Decor and furnishings extend beyondtropical plants and planters. Water fountainsadd a sense of tranquility with theircascading water effect and they productivelyadd humidity to the air. Customize yourinterior landscaping with custom retainingwalls, seating benches and tables, or evenan interior river rock bed.

ARTIFICIAL PLANTS
http://www.plantscapeinc.com/landscape-products/artificial-plants.html


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ARTIFICIAL PLANTS
http://www.plantscapeinc.com/landscape-products/preserved-palms.htmlhttp://www.plantscapeinc.com/landscape-products/artificial-plants.htmlhttp://www.plantscapeinc.com/holiday-decor.htmlhttp://www.plantscapeinc.com/landscape-design/interior-landscaping-design.htmhttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_4898a.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1455.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1460.jpg


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Deluxe Areca Palm lifelike and lush - shapelyand elegant perfect t o fill in any spot in house.

Areca Palm sturdy, one piece construction- no assembly required!

Dwarf Areca Palm easy to

assemble lifelike branches,very realistic and high quality foliage and now even moreaffordable. Spreads to almost 3' wide and comes potted inan 8" non-decorative liner.

Banana

Palm Treefiberglasstrunk withnaturalbark.

ARTIFICIAL PLANTS
http://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1566a.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8256.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8259.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8256.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8256.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8259.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_8256.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1566a.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1351.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_3045a.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_4898a.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1455.jpghttp://www.silkworxbylori.com/images/products/big_1460.jpg


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Double BananaPalm Tree withFruit fiberglass

trunk withnatural bark.

Bamboo Palm Bamboo Tree withgreen canes.

Bamboo Tree with 10or 12 natural wood

trunks

ARTIFICIAL PLANTS
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ARTIFICIAL PLANTS

Coconut Palm with anatural fiber trunkwrapped on PVC

base.

Cane Palm with 3 naturaltouch

fiberglasstrunks

Cycas Palm withnewly engineeredblended materialsto resist fading.

These palm frondsare highly durable,one-piececonstruction UVrated polyethylene

DoublePhoenix Palm 4' and 6' pottedtogether, verylifelike frondsand noassemblyrequired!

Fishtail Palmover 180lifelike leaves

on a naturalwood trunk.

ARTIFICIAL PLANTS
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Fountain Palmwith a naturaltrunk and over

1,000 leaves.

Giant Areca Palm with 3 fiberglasstrunks.

Golden CanePalm

Golden Kentia Palm with 648 leaves.

Traveller Palm
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FOUNTAINS


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ANIMATED FOUNTAINS


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Animated fountains often use laminar jets that provide water that moves like

ping pong balls in animation, so that itbreaks up, as the height varies. The behaviour of each jet operates

independently with up to 5 Hzmodulation frequency (1/5 second),so that the water packets collide withthemselves.

A musical fountain is a type offountain that dances in time withrecorded or live music, controlledeither by a computer or by a live"organist" operating the fountainthrough a switchboard.

Animated fountain infront of the BrooklynMuseum consists of

laminar flow water jets.


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International Fountain (Seattle) was designed specifically as a bathing fountain(for fun and frolic) and includes a large nonslip play area,

with speakers for music to splash to.


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A pair of drinking fountains.A water fountain or drinking fountain is designed to provide

drinking water and has a basin arrangement with either continuouslyrunning water or a tap.

DESIGNI d f i h di i l


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In modern fountains the traditionalgravitational pressure from an unseen

reservoir at a higher level is not alwayspractical. In many circumstances fountains obtain

their water from a closed, recirculatingsystem that must still be filled at the

start from the local water supply systemand also topped up through its life tooffset the effects of evaporation.

Allowance must also be made tohandle overflow in the case of heavyrain.

The pressure that causes water to movethrough the fountain may be producedinstead by a motor-driven pump. "Static

head" is useful to quantify this pressure.

A water filter, typically a media filter, removes particlesfrom the water -- this filter requires its own pump to


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from the water this filter requires its own pump toforce water through it and plumbing to remove thewater from the pool to the filter and then back to thepool.

The water may need chlorination or anti-algaltreatment, or may use biological methods to filter andclean water.

The pumps, filter, electrical switch box and plumbingcontrols are often housed in a "plant room". Low-voltage lighting, typically 12 volt direct current, is

used to minimise electrical hazards.

Lighting is often submerged and must be suitablydesigned Floating Fountains are also popular for pondsand lakes they consist of a float pump nozzle andwater chamber.


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FOUNTAINS A MUSICAL INSTRUMENTA h d l h i f t i th t


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A hydraulophone is a fountain that canbe played as a musical instrument.

These fountains are like woodwindinstruments, but using water instead ofair.

The embouchure of the instrument

occurs at the finger holes (referred to as"mouths").

Hydraulophones often have multiple"mouths", so that a player can put each

finger into a different mouth at the sametime, in order to play chords, whileindependently manipulating each fingerfor separate and individual control of theembouchure of each note in a chord.

Hydraulophone with45 finger-embouchure holes

WATER QUALITY ISSUES There is a need for good water quality in contemporary


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There is a need for good water quality in contemporaryfountains, regardless of their avowed intended use.

Regardless of the fact that some fountains are designedand built not as bathing fountains, but are rather usedsimply as architectural decor, people will often drink from,bathe or wash their hands in any fountain.

Additionally, fountain spray can contain legionellabacteria and has been linked to legionnaires' diseaseoutbreaks. Therefore, minimum water quality standardsare necessary, regardless of intended use.

In theory, a free-standing water feature should not have a

bather load, and consequently, many builders would notchoose to install filters or sanitation devices. In reality,however, people will interact with ornamental waterfountains in the most surprising ways.


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King Fahd's Fountain, World tallest fountain

There are many benefits to using water fountains in yourgarden or home. The sound of flowing water is a tranquil andsoothing sound that can aid in a relaxing day on the porch or a

f l l f h h l f il i i h h


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restful sleep for the whole family. Fountains in the home areessential for anyone who suffers with allergies. They naturally

humidify air and clean it by pulling out dust particles whichcan result in easier breathing.


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VERTICAL JETS WITH CROWN

DA DELION WITH FOAM JET

CROWN FOUNTAIN

GEYSER JETS FOUNTAIN


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LARGE WATER CASCADE

WITH GEYSER JETS

REFLECTING POOL


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VERTICAL JETS AND RADIAL JETS WATER CASCADE


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WATER CURTAIN BELLTULIP

BELL FOUNTAIN

INTERIOR WATER CURTAINS


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ACCESSORIES


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3x120 Watt (compact series) 200, 300 or 500 Watt (Mid Series)

larger sprays

Nozzle Pump & lights provided below fountains

Nozzles


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Three Tier

Rotator

Dome / BellSpray Rings


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AQUARIUMS

WHAT ARE AQUARIUMS?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amaterske_akvarium.jpg


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An aquarium is a vivarium consistingof at least one transparent side inwhich water-dwelling plants oranimals are kept. Aquaria are

primarily used for fishkeeping,although invertebrates, amphibians,marine mammals, and aquatic plantsare also housed in aquaria. The termcombines the Latin root aqua ,meaning water, with the suffix -arium , meaning "a place for relatingto".

A freshwater aquarium with plantsand tropical fish.

An 80 litre home aquarium.

An average home 10 gallontropical Freshwater Aquarium.

AQUARIUMS AS ARTIFACTh b
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aquarium-Tank.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aquarium_60cm.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amaterske_akvarium.jpg


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These aquariums can beput anywhere inside thehouse.

For example, in LivingRoom, in Bedrooms, etc..

But they should be placedin such way that theyreceive ample of naturallight and air.

They need to bemaintained well and alsothe fishes should be fedtimely.


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SCULPTURES

WHAT IS SCULPTURE


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The word sculpture originates from the Latin wordsculpere , which means "to carve". It can be definedas the art or practice of creating three-dimensionalforms or figures. Sculptures can be free-standing or"in the round" (able to be viewed from all sides) orthey can be in relief (form is carved or modeled froma flat background plane). They can be made of almostany organic or inorganic substance. Commonmaterials include bronze, plaster, clay, wood, papiermach, and plastic. The processes involved increating sculptures date back to antiquity and, untilthe twentieth-century, have changed very little.However, the twentieth-century has brought newideas, techniques, and materials to the art ofsculpture, making them even more common toencounter in our everyday lives.

SCULPTURE IN ANCIENT TIMES Sculpture as an art form goes back to Prehistoric
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mesopotamia_male_worshiper_2750-2600_B.C.jpg


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Sculpture as an art form goes back to Prehistorictimes. Most Stone Age statuettes were made ofivory or soft stone, however some clay humanand animal figures have been found. Small femalestatues known as Venus figurines have beenfound mainly in central Europe.

Later, in the Near East, (the area between theTigris and the Euphrates Rivers), the Sumerian,Akkadian, and Babylonian kingdoms flourished.Materials used for sculpture during this timeincluded basalt, diorite (a type of dark, coarse-grained stone), sandstone, and alabaster. Copper,gold, silver, shells, and a variety of preciousstones were used for high quality sculpture andinlays. Clay was used for pottery and terra cottasculpture. Stone was generally rare and had to beimported from other locations.

Sculptures from the Sumerian and Akkadianperiod generally had large, staring eyes, and longbeards on the men.

VOTIVE SCULPTURE (2750 2600 BC)From Sumerian and Akkadian period

COMMON FORMS OF SCULPTURE Free-standing sculpture, sculpture that is surrounded on all

id h b b I i l k l
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mesopotamia_male_worshiper_2750-2600_B.C.jpg


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sides, except the base, by space. It is also known as sculpture"in the round," and is meant to be viewed from any angle.

Jewellery Relief - the sculpture is still attached to a background; types

are bas-relief, alto-relievo, and sunken-relief

Site-specific art Kinetic sculpture - involves aspects of physical motion

Fountain - the sculpture is designed with moving water. Mobile

Statue representationalist sculpture depicting a specificentity, usually a person, event, animal or object.

Bust, representation of a person from the chest up. Equestrian sculpture - typically showing a significant person on

horseback141

MATERIALS USED FOR SCULPTURES Sculptors have generally sought to produce works of art that are as permanent

ibl ki g i d bl


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as possible, working in durable. Sculptors often build small preliminary works called maquettes of ephemeral

materials such as plaster of Paris, wax, clay, or plasticine, as Alfred Gilbert didfor 'Eros' at Piccadilly Circus, London. In Retroarchaeology, these materials aregenerally the end product.

Traditional Materials include Wood, Marble, Limestone, Granite, Porphyry,Diorite, Jade, Ivory, Clay, Terra cotta, Bronze, Gold and Silver.

Modern Materials include Steel, Jesmonite, Acrylic, Plastic, Fiberglass, Glass,Aluminum and Fabric.

Patrick Moya - steel sculptureMuseum of fine arts Kaoshiung
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moya_Kaoshiung_taiwan.jpg


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METAL SCULPTURES

METAL SHEET SCULPTURE


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WIRE SCULPTURE

WOODEN SCULPTURE

MOSAIC SCULPTURES


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STONE SCULPTURES

DIFFERENT MATERIALS


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Cast Bronze

Bonded Marble or ColdCast Marble Lightweight Fiberglas

Bonded Bronze orCold Cast Bronze

Durastone Sculpted Aluminum

Terra-cottaSculptured Marble Soapstone

TECHNIQUES USED FOR SCULPTUREMAKING


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MAKINGCarving

Dating from pre-historic times, carving is a process in which theartist subtracts or cuts away from a solid material to reach thedesired form. It can be a very painstaking and time consumingmethod because of the hard and weighty materials, such asmarble or other stones, that are often used. However, artistsalso carve softer substances such as wood and even soap.

ModelingModeling is the process of manipulating soft materials tocreate a three-dimensional form. Unlike carving, modelingrequires soft substances that can be easily and rapidlyshaped by the sculptor's hands. Clay is the most frequentmaterial used for modeling, however, others such as plaster,papier-mach, and wax are also common.

CastingCasting is a method of obtaining the permanence of amodeled work by making a mold and casting it in a


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durable material such as bronze. Two methods ofcasting are used: sand casting and the cire-perdue or"lost wax" process. The lost-wax process is more widelyused, however, both have been frequently employedsince antiquity.

Construction and AssemblageEmerging in the twentieth-century, the techniques ofassemblage and construction consist of combining and joining various materials to form a three-dimensionalobject. These methods originated from the techniquecollage , which was popularized by the Cubists duringthe early part of the twentieth century.


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TOOLS USED FOR MAKINGSTONE SCULPTURES


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STONE SCULPTURES

HAMMERS AND CHIESELS CHIESELS AIR TOOLS

SCULPTURE USE


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PROVIDED AT CROSS ROADS PROVIDED AS DECORATIVE ELEMENT

FOUNTAIN SCULPTURES

SCULPTURE AS A DECORATIVE ELEMENT


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SCULPTURE IN/ASCANDEL HOLDER

SCULPTURE AS

SHOW PIECE

SCULPTURE IN/ASMULTI-PURPOSE HOLDER


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PAINTINGS

TYPE: MODERN ART, STORY PAINTING, SPECIFICFIGURATION, DESCRIBETIMTRADITIONAL, CONTOMPARARY, NON SUBJECTIVE.

DEPEND ON:


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LIFESTYLE, EXTERIOR, INTERIOR, SIZE, SURROUNDING SPACE, FURNITURE

IF WALL IS SMALL: NO. OF SMALL FRAME ARE PUT TO BREAK THE SPACE AND G

CONNECTION TO IT. BIG: LARGE FRAMES ARE USED.

TEXTURE: PAINTING SHOULD NOT HAVE TEXTURE. ROUGH CEMENT TEXTURE: SHUTTRELINE, CHARCOAL, BLACK COL

SIMPLE PAINTINGS SHOULD BE PLACED TO MAINTAIN THE BALANCE.

POSITION: IT SHOULD BE PLACED IN SUCH A WAY THAT ONES EYE SHOULD

SMOOTHLY FROM PICTURE TO FRAME, SHOULD NOT BE IN CONTRAST BACKGROUND OF PICTURE.

THE MORE GEOMETRY FEELS BETTER IN HANGING OF PAINTING. MONO. OF FRAMES CAN BE HANG IN DIFFERENT PATTERN AND SHOULD BE HARMONY OF NEARBY THINGS.

IT SHOULD BE ALWAYS PLACED ON AN EYE LEVEL IN INDIA IT IS 555 .

CONTEMPORARY PAINTING


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It's not really post-modern...but it'ssomething. Paintings ofcontemporary,

manufactured objectspush the still life to astrange place, butperhaps not so strangewhen people look backat them in another 30years.

FRAME: FRAMES SHOULD NOT BE DIRECTLFRAMED. GLASS SHOULD NOT TOUCH D PRINCANVAS CAN BE FRAMED DIRECTLY WITHOU


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CANVAS CAN BE FRAMED DIRECTLY WITHOU

PUTTING THE GLASS. IT SHOULD BE OPEN SO AS TGIVE ITS REAL LOOK. FRAME TYPES

PLAIN FRAMING CARVING FRAMING ANTIQUE POLISH FRAMES OXIDISED IRON FRAMES METAL FRAMES LIKE ALLUMINIUM OR STEEL FRAMES


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CARVED FRAME

WOODEN FRAME

IN THE MAKING OF THE FRAME


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INTEGRATED OR VIRTUAL FRAMINGIN THE INTEGRATED OR


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VIRTUAL FRAMING

PROCESS, THEPAINTINGIS CONVERTED INTO

THEDIGITAL FORMAT AND

THEN THEY ARE

COMBINED WITH THEDIGITAL DESIGNS OF

FRAMES TO SEE WHICHONE BEST SUITS THEPAINTING (LIKE TRIAL

AND ERROR METHOD).THE FRAME DESIGN

WHICH SUITS THE BESTIS THEN USED FOR THE

ACTUAL PAINTING.

QUALITY OF THE FRAME To know the quality of frame,


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reverse the painting and see

the following five features : (1) framed painting with padded

rabbet. (2) backing board attached to

stretcher with screws andwashers. (3) D rings to hang painting. (4) brass mending plates

screwed to into frame to securethe painting.

(5) rubber spacers for aircirculation

FAMOUS PAINTINGS USED ININTERIORS .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chinesischer_Maler_von_1238_001.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mona_Lisa.jpg


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MOUNT COLOUR LIGHT COLOUR SHOULD BE ALWAYS USED WHETHER IT IS A LIGHT PAINTING OR HEAVY D

COLOUR PAINTING. IT SHOULD BE IN NEUTRAL COLOUR LIKE CREAM. EYES SHOULD FADE WHILE GOING FROM PAINTING TO MOUNTBOARD.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chinesischer_Maler_von_1238_001.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mona_Lisa.jpg


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IT SHOULD BE IN LIGHT COLOURS. IF PAINTING IS RED, MOUNT SHOULD BE RED GREEN, GREEN OR BLUE. IT CAN BE IN CONTRAST WITH PAINTING BUT NOT MUCH. COMPLETE CONTRAST IS VERY STRIKING GIVE BAD LOOK TO THE PAINTING. HIGHLIGHTED WALL CAN ALSO BE ACT AS BACKGROUND. TEXTURED SAREE, SILK SAREES ARE USED AS BACKGROUND.

MATERIAL

WOODEN FRAMES ARE PREFERRED MOSTLY SAL IS USED. THIN CHHAALS OF SAL IS USED. METALS LIKE ALLUMINIUM, STEEL THEY ARE NAILED OR JOINT TOGETHER. NEUTRL COLOURS LIKE GREY, CREAM SHOULD BE USED. CORNERS SHOULD NOT TO BE SHARP.

CARVING FRAMES SHOULD BE HANG WHEN OTHER FURNITURE IS CARVED SO THAT TBALANCE EACH OTHER. INTERIOR HAVING MODERN FURNITURE SHOULD USE FRAMES WITHOUT CARVING. FRAMES SHOULD NOT BE LOUD BUT IT SHOULD ENHANCE. THEY SHOULD BE IN HARMONY OF THE HARMONY.

COVER GLASS ACRYLIC PLASTIC ACRYLIC SHEETS GET SCRATCHES VERY SOON.


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PLASTIC SHEETS SHOULD ALSO BE AVOIDED GLASS IS THE BEST BUT CLEARITY SHOULD BE THERE. THERE SHOULD NOT BE

REFLECTION OF PAINTING.THICKNESS OF GLASS 2MM-4MM IF PAINTING IS VERY HEAVY THEN THE GLASS USE ROR FRAME SHOULD BE THICK OTHER

CRACK WILL OCCUR.LIGHT WHITE DIFFUSED LIGHT SHOULD BE USE. YELLOW LIGHT SHOULD BE AVOIDED AS IT CHANGE THE COLOUR. HIGH WATT BULB SHOULD BE AVOIDED. DARK AND LITTLE LIGHT SHOULD BE AVOIDED. SUNLIGHT ALSO SPOIL THE PAINTINGS, PAINTINGS HANG OUTSIDE HAS TO BE CHANGE

WITHIN 3 MONTHS. NO DIRECT LIGHT OTHERWISE IT WILL DAMAGE PAINTING. IT SHOULD FACE THE FRAME, CAN BE ON OPPOSITE SIDE BUT IT SHOULD NOT BE VERY

STRNG. FOCUS LIGHT SHOULD BE PROVIDED. REFLETIVE LIGHT CAN ALSO BE PROVIDED.

CLAY/POTTERY ITEMS


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FURNISHES AND ARTIFACTS EXHIBITION


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OTHER ARTICLES INCLUDED IN ARTIFACTS SCENTED CANDLES


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DRIED AND SCENTEDFLOWERS/LEAVES PEBBLES

GLASS VASES

CRYSTAL SOIL Crystal Soil is a pop substitute

soil for growing all indoor


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g gplants.

It can last up to two monthswithout regular watering andfertilizing.

It can also be used fordecoration, flower

arrangements, candle berriesetc. The main ingredient is

polyacrylamide. It is 100% non-toxic and

biodegradable. It needs to be soaked in water

for about 8-10 hours at the ratioof 1:180 or 1:200 before it isready to use.

CASE STUDYCHERRYS RESTAURANT


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PARTITION AND PANELLING Here the partition between food serving counter and the seating

area is done using display counters, billing desk, etc.


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FOOD COUNTERS ACTING AS A PARTITION

FALSE CEILING AND LIGHTING


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VIEW OF FALSE CEILINGHEIGHT FROM THE LOWEST POINT ON FALSE CEILING TO THE FLOOR IS 2.4mts.


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FLOORING In flooring Vitrified tiles are used. Tile size used in flooring is 600x600MM.


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g

The tiles used are polished Vitrified tiles.

FURNITURE AND CABINETS DISPLAY AND STORING CABINETS

Display counters are a combination of wood metal glass and


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Display counters are a combination of wood, metal, glass and

pink marble for the top counters. For storing purpose modular drawers have been used. Opening detail of drawer : roller channels were used.

TABLES For the table top pink marble is used. In combination with stone, W.I. for the table base. Between the base and marble top, there is a sheet of

plywood CHAIRS

For the seat wood is used.

A d f th b d th b k t W I i d


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FURNISHINGS AND ARTIFACTS The beauty if the place lies in its simplicity and the traditional

touch given to the place with chic blinds


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touch given to the place with chic blinds. The contrasting feature is the use of traditional materials like

wood and stone with metal and glass.

DETAILS OF THE BLINDS


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INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FINISHES


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As far as the internal finishes are considered, thewalls are covered with tiles till the sill level andabove it wooden textured wall paper is used tillthe ceiling on a plane plastered wall.

The front faade of the restaurant is completelyglazed covered with posters advertising therestaurant while two sides are plane plasteredand the third side is shared with anotherrestaurant.

The skirting is also done.


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METTALIC PLATE PROVIDED AT THE JUNCTIONOF TILES AND WALL-PAPER

SKIRTING

METTALIC PLATE

WALL-PAPER

DOOR DETAILS A glass pivoted door is provided.


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THE GLASS DOOR

FIXING OF THE GLASSTO THE FRAME

FIXING OF THE SS HANDLETO THE GLASS DOOR

USING SCREWS


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Documents

Furnishes n Artifacts