REAL ESTATE AND DEVELOPMENT

LAILIE S. A. (3211208003)LILY LUCIA G. (3211208006) HERI PRASETYO (3211208341)

GAIA&LE CORBUSIER

http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/latourette/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte_Marie_de_La_Tourettehttp://www.arcspace.com/architects/corbusier/La_Tourette/index.htmhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier http://ruangkotahanun.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-le-corbusier-sang-pencetus.html

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GAIA

The Gaia Movement is an international network of individuals and groups that share a concern for living more sustainably on the earth. The term "Gaia" comes from Greek mythology, where it is the name of the Goddess of the Earth. In the late 1960s, independent ecologist and environmentalist James Lovelock used the name in his Gaia hypothesis, which posits that the earth is a super organism. This theory has gained much support in the environmentalist movement. Its use here is similar to the Feminist Movement or the Civil Rights Movement.

The Gaia hypothesis states that the earth's climate and surface environment are controlled by the plants, animals, and

microorganisms that inhabit it. This is a serious scientific theory supported by another eminent scientist, Lynn Margulis. Using a

liberal definition of life, one could even say that the earth itself is a living creature.

INTRODUCTION

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Architect and planner David Pearson proposed a list of rules towards the design of organic architecture. These rules are known as the Gaia Charter for organic architecture and design. It reads:

"Let the design:• be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy,

conserving, and diverse.• unfold, like an organism, from the seed within.• exist in the "continuous present" and "begin again and

again".• follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable.• satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs.• "grow out of the site" and be unique.• celebrate the spirit of youth, play and surprise.• express the rhythm of music and the power of dance."

GAIAPRINCIPLES

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LE CORBUSIER

Name at Birth:Born Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, Le Corbusier adopted his mother's maiden name in 1922 when he set up a partnership with his cousin.

Early Training:• Art education, La Chaux de Fonds • Studied modern building construction with Auguste

Perret in Paris • Worked with Austrian architect Josef Hoffmann

August 27, 1965 in Cap Martin, France

Most Famous Buildings:• 1927-1928: Palace for the

League of Nations, Geneva • 1929: Villa Savoye, Poissy,

France • 1931-1932: Swiss Building, Cité

Universitaire, Paris • 1952:

The Secretariat at the United Nations Headquarters, New York

Other Important Works:• 1922: Ozenfant House and Studio, Paris • 1946-1952: Unité d'Habitation, France

• 1950-1955: Notre-Dame-du-Haut, France • 1954-1956: Maisons Jaoul, Neuilly-sur-

Seine, Paris • 1957-1960: Convent of La Tourette, France • 1961-1964: Carpenter Center, Cambridge,

MA • etc

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During his long life, Le Corbusier designed buildings in Europe, India, and Russia. Le Corbusier also designed one building in the United States and one in South

America.

The earlier buildings by Le Corbusier were smooth, white concrete and glass structures elevated above the ground. He called these works "pure prisms." In

the late 1940s, Le Corbusier turned to a style known as "New Brutalism," which used rough, heavy forms of stone, concrete, stucco, and glass.

The same modernist ideas found in Le Corbusier's architecture were also expressed in his designs for simple, streamlined furniture.

Le Corbusier is perhaps best known for his innovations in urban planning and his solutions for low income housing. Le Corbusier believed that the stark,

unornamented buildings he designed would contribute to clean, bright, healthy cities. Le Corbusier's urban ideals were realized in the Unité d'Habitation, or the

"Radiant City," in Marseilles, France. The Unite incorporated shops, meeting rooms, and living quarters for 1,600 people in a 17-story structure.

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Writings:•1927: Vers une architecture [Towards a new Architecture] •1942: La Maison des hommes [The Home of Man] •1947: Quand les cathédrales étaient blanches [When the Cathedrals Were White]

LE CORBUSIER

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LE CORBUSIERTheories:

In his book Vers une architecture, Le Corbusier described "5 points of architecture" that became the guiding principles for many of his designs, most especially Villa Savoye.

1. lifted the bulk of the structure off the ground, supporting it by pilotis 2. a free façade3. open floor plan 4. Long horizontal sliding windows 5. Roof gardens

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GAIA &LE

CORBUSIER• be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy, conserving,

and diverse.

• exist in the "continuous present" and "begin again and again".

• follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable.

Roof garden to compensate for the green area consumed by the building and replacing it on the roof.

• satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs.

The public housing projects influenced by his ideas are seen by some as having had the effect of isolating poor communities in monolithic high-rises and breaking the social ties integral to a community's development.

Le Corbusier was heavily influenced by problems he saw in industrial cities at the turn of the 19th to 20th century (that is, from the 19th to the 20th century). He thought that industrial housing techniques led to crowding, dirtiness, and a lack of a moral landscape. He was a leader of the modernist movement to create better living conditions and a better society through housing concepts.