Galileo did a falling bodies (Gravity) experiment off the leaning tower of Pisa

To prove gravity affects all bodies equally regardless of their mass!

Galileo 1642–Uses observational fact and math to predict future events and results

Father of scientific methodObservationHypothesisExperimentConclusion

Galileo discovers Pendulum motion math and parabolic arcs

Galileo used 30x telescope to prove Copernicus was right and the sun was the center of the universe

Water Rocket Lab

Notes:

Newton 1643 builds on Galileo’s work creates physics-causality(Everything has a reason)

1st- Objects at rest tend to stay at rest

2nd-F=ma

3rd-Every action has a reaction

Also created the mathematical

understanding of gravity; F=GM1M2/r2

and density; D=m/v Tides

Storm the Castle Lab

Notes:

We figured out the pattern and came up with the answer.

Used different methods to figure out the patterns inside the disk.

same amount of disks.

Black Disk Lab

With every different liquid a different amount of launch length appeared.

Different types of liquids.

Size of container. Amount of baking powder.

Acid Volcano Lab

It went in different directions depending on the angel.

Changes angle to anywhere from 0 to 90 degrees.

same cork.Storm the Limestone Castle Lab

If you add wings it will be air born longer then an rocket without.

Additional wings or more weight.

Amount of water. Air pressure.

Rocket

Lab

Responding variables

Investigational or experimental variables

Control VariablesScientific Method applied to labs I have done

The three types of variables (experimental, responding and controlled)

• Atoms

Positive charge

Negative charge

Positive charge overall

No charge-neutralElectrons circle nucleus in shells, only valence (outer) shell comes inter acts with outside world

Black Disk Lab

Notes:

Cosmic Voyage –Put the following terms in order form largest to smallest.

Notes:

Universe Earth Rocks Minerals molecules atoms quarks radiation Super Cluster Local group Milky Way galaxy Solar System Earth Rocks Minerals molecules atoms quarks radiation

Size and Scale of the UniverseSize and Scale of the Universe

Image courtesy of The Cosmic Perspective by Bennett, Donahue, Schneider, & Voit; Addison Wesley, 2002

Structure of known UniverseUniverse-13.75 billion years old Largest structure to smallest are:Local Super Cluster of GalaxiesLocal GroupMilky Way GalaxyOrion ArmSolar SystemEarth

Order the building blocks of our universe in order from smallest to largest. (quark, electron, proton, neutron, atom, molecule, mineral, rock, planet, star, galaxy,

universe

Evaluate the future career and occupational prospects of science fields.

• Biomedical engineer• Civil engineer• Computer software engineer• Computer support specialist• Computer systems analyst• Environmental engineering technician• Environmental science technician• Hydrologist• Meteorologist• Network architect

http://www.salaryguideshq.com/

E1.1A Generate new questions that can be investigated in the laboratory or field (Use the Storm the castle or some other lab to come up with a question you could

cask and write out the experiment. (Rail gun below)

E1.1B Evaluate the uncertainties or validity of scientific conclusions using an understanding of sources of measurement error, the challenges of controlling variables, accuracy of data analysis, logic of argument, logic of experimental design, and/or the dependence on underlying assumptions

• E1.1C Conduct scientific investigations using appropriate tools and techniques (e.g., selecting an instrument that measures the desired quantity—length, volume, weight, time interval, temperature—with the appropriate level of precision)

E1.1D Identify patterns in data and relate them to theoretical models

• E1.1E Describe a reason for a given conclusion using evidence from an investigation

• E1.2B Identify and critique arguments about personal or societal issues based on scientific evidence

E1.2C Develop an understanding of a scientific concept by accessing information from multiple sources. Evaluate the scientific accuracy and significance of the information

• E2.1 Earth Systems Overview The Earth is a system consisting of four major interacting components: geosphere (crust, mantle, and core), atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and biosphere (the living part of Earth). Physical, chemical, and biological processes act within and among the four components on a wide range of time scales to continuously change Earth’s crust, oceans, atmosphere, and living organisms. Earth elements move within and between the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere as part of geochemical cycles

Earth's atmosphere contains 0.0392% carbon dioxide, CO2, and the biological environment depends upon plants to pull carbon from the air to create the molecules of sugars, proteins, and fats. Using photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to share the electrons of carbon to make the molecules of glucose, an d as a waste product, releasing the molecule oxygen (O2). Through other metabolic processes, plants may change glucose to other sugars, proteins, or fats. Animals get their carbon by eating and digesting plants, so carbon moves through the biology environment. Herbivore eat plants, but are themselves eaten by carnivores.

Carbon returns to the physical environment in a number of ways. Both plants and animals respire, so they release CO2 during respiration. Luckily for animals, plants just happen to consume more CO2 through photosynthesis than they can produce. Another route of CO2 back to the physical environment occurs through the death of plants and animals. When organisms die, decomposers consume their bodies. In the process, some of the carbon returns to the physical environment by way of fossilization in rocks like limestone, coal or oil. As subduction around tectonic plate edges occurs, limestone is re-melted and the CO2 is returned to the mantle, where some of it will be released through volcanoes. Some of it remains in the biological environment as other organisms eat the decomposers.

Graphite, an inorganic form of carbon you write with!

Plate tectonics is the theory of geology that helps explain all features and processes in the geosphere, even the carbon cycle. Large quantities of carbon dioxide can be taken in by the Earth’s plants, algae, and also remain dissolved in ocean water. (65% of all carbon dioxide is found in the deep ocean!) The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that quantifies the movement of carbon through the four major Earth systems. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that makes Earth warm enough to sustain life as we know it. Human industrialization and burning of fossil fuels has dramatically increased the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, making the Earth warmer and changing the climate system.

Increased levels of carbon and organic matter make soils richer and allow plants to grow easily. Too much CO2 in the atmosphere and the molecule becomes a pollutant and changes the climate (Weather conditions over ten, hundreds or millions of years.) Biomass levels through a rotation of earth around the sun!

• E2.1B Analyze the interactions between the major systems (geosphere, atmosphere,

hydrosphere, biosphere) that make up the Earth

• E2.1C Explain, using specific examples, how a change in one system affects other Earth systems

• Atoms

Positive charge

Negative charge

Positive charge overall

No charge-neutralElectrons circle nucleus in shells, only valence (outer) shell comes inter acts with outside world

C4.8 Describe the subatomic particles that make up atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons).

Mendeleev

Periodic tableThe periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties.

Horizontal rows are called PERIODS

Vertical columns are called GROUPS

Elements in a period all have the same number of electrons shells

Describe what the periods of the periodic table tells one about atoms.

C4.9 The periods of the periodic table tells the following information about elements.

• C4.9 Explain the term “Groups” as it applies to the periodic table

Groups are chemical families and all have same number of electrons in outer shell

C5.8 Molecules are groups of atoms that cycle through various earth systems.

C2.2 Molecules are groups of atoms electrically bound to each other forming groups or chains.