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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBUREAU OF EDUCATION
BULLETIN, 1917, No. 26
GARDEN CLUBS IN THE SCHOOLS OFENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEYS
CHARLES ORCHARD SMITH
WASHINGTQV
tOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE1917
e.
A
A DDITdONAI, COPIESOT TIIIN PLIRLICATIONT MAY 111: PROCURED FROM
THE SDPERINTENDF.NT OF DOCUMENTS
, GOVERNMTNT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
15 CENTS PER COPY
S
ONTENTS.
rage.A osplees 5Physical and s(pial cliviroinneni 5Organization. .last ruction 10Prellininary-_work, soil preparation,-planting___ -14,See& 18()they $11111qeS :1110i equipment_ 19Care of the this 20Pets and pests
21Excursions 24 .informing the onnianity 27FollOwitp plans 28Blanks anti circulars 29Appendix' / 38
1
GARDEN CLUBS IN THE SCHOOLS OFENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY.
A17SPICES.
The garlen chills of the EngleN.v,t)d schools were orgroni4ca duringthe ,winner of 1911 and were direte. by Abe local 140ard of educa-tion Aid the. superintendent of schools 111.roligh a superOsor of gar-den, employed for this special purpose. Owing to the expliimentaliruarc of the work and the lack of funds at the command of theWald of cducatio, the enterprise was financed in part by the CivicAs,.oriation of Englewood and in 'part by the ,titate of New Jersey:wider the firoYisions ..' its manual training% laws... In.-July, 1917,
PART OF THE SPRING TR4ALS FOR A SYEADY JOB
however, that part of the expense hitherto met by tlit. ('ivic .ksso-elation WaS assimiN ht' the board of education'
PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.
Englewood is a suburban residential city a about 1.2,000 inhalii-\ iiints, In its vacant lots and back yards it has an abundifnee of landsuitable for gardening. Much of dip city lies in the desirable: Sandyloam soils of northern New Jersey. It is not a locality without ob-stacles,:however. A considerable, part of the inhafiited area is onthe swampy lowlands at the hod of.the New Jersey. salt meadows,
6.. . ..
, .
(-ARDEN lt.rtts IN scItoot_s OF p:Nut.Ewoon, N. J.
'.% and ant)ther .:ectin i- on tlic ,neigh western sive of the .1lutlsonRiver paliNules, .wherii!zoitable locati?fts :tre'ditlicOlt to tint,..
Mony of the children's homes art Iluartel:s in xruw,itill..
THE GARDEN IN MID SEASON
tenetiwnts throughout a limited totige,41,11 II Strict' iit the Imv-iyitigarea. so that the (*.ontact with naturi. alforticti kiivgarden Nvurk,wonder fmily inspiring: iind it is especi;tii grail fyitig to the interoste(i
"WHAt HAS EATEN INTO THE. HEART OF MY CORN STALK?"
o/
,adultg.. For instance, one high- school Amy, who in the spring of1916. planned-great things said that lie hall" no place for it gardenbut . suggested carrying a little earth -to the roof of the tenement
GARDEN CLUBS IN. SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD; N. J., . , ,qn 1%110 1 he lived. Ile is now operating a garden 01,3 acres.in,part-..nership with two other boys. What as little garden .work:will(lo for
a is also lirought out Iv. another ,4ember of the same partner-ship. Ile is the Ida- .one of the-three who has. the 'good fortune tobye Inv a house surrounded v a Yard.. In the Spring of 191 this.hoy displayed his lack of ...knowledge *concerning the old -of-door
by saying, Last year '1 thntea some seeds about. a foot. in, sNthe Ilroonk,l, and I don't see. %vox they mini u(l)na' up, 1erall;i4.
did plant Chent good and deep. The fact' (lila lie has undertaken. a'. .tall, as large as tthe pesent. one is in itself Trout' of what he hasg iinetr.
frou the coinmon-sense in format ion mneernitig t he ,outof doorS derived fr(iin soli an enterprise as these boys are under-takin. the business training secured by planning, nianag;ng, sellingthe prOducts, and recording the results of their work is of Signifi-
MANY TIMES A QUUTION ANSWERED At ONG THE STREET HAS IMPORTANT.RESULT'
.. .cant value to all the children, very j rich :and very poor, and' of ,perlcNing_ racial differences; such as are folkid in the suburbs ofa great city. A11:4iindsof business, from..the most gigantic; coin.;awrcial and bajiking undertakings known to New Volk City i0tlw most limiteil second -hand dealing and pawn brokerage, will bethe life work of these boys. sons of men who are-at present engaged
.in sill :II orrupatiow4... . . ..., ,
..As in all other poblic-school activities, equality of,*oppoltunity_is.esperially.marked in the garden clukgroups. The how life, as Well 4as the school lire. of each member becomes familiar to tleot hers oftin group, with -its undeniable influence in'bettering,that of all the
1
memberS: In this association. it is almost. impossible for any meth-her to (1vOrlook the sterhng.gnalities in his dub mates. ConOntinity
I un...m.s°7--' 1.7nan.....6-----2
8 ARDEN CLUBS IN SC 11001.S OF'' ENGLEWOOD, .N. J.
of effort teaches helpfulness and cooperate n, not by .theoretical ex-pression, but by vitalized experience. The boys from the rich homesand front the poor find much An Common.
ORGANIZATION.
lleq;strah'un.±-1171ken tie prow" time alHe :te superintendentpfschools briefly explained tl:, undertaking 'to all the children of ekchschool in a general assembly.. The supervisor. then gave some fur-her instructions and distributed registration blank .t -1"hese I\ ere.taken home by all the cildreh electing the work, filled. out, and re-turned the next, day. At. 'this time' the supervisor. of'ganlen went;over the slips with tie principal of the school, whose approval .every.Participant was required to have. If the blank was not satisfae-
A GROUP OF GIRLS LEAVING HOW TO SPADE.A
torily filled out, but the child approved, the parents were visited bythe supervisor and the blank .corrected. Each child who was thusregistered then took. complete charge' ofhisproject, which he was-expected to'carry out with-the supervision and 'advice of his parentsand of the" supervisor of gardens. The project,.aside from caringfor a garden, included the maintenance, of a careful record' of allactivities connected with it.
'The recordx of tlw child ren.This record when complete containscertificates of recommendation and approval; personal infprmation-t'ocerning the child; a photograph of the child in ltis garden; aworking plan of the garden drawn to scale; an itemiied and sum-marized financial account; a record of narks given the garden bytheinstructor on visits to the garden; and a story, of the season'swork in essay forth.
1 See neetIon on " Blanks and Circulars ( p. 29) for this rcurd blank.
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.. 9'
9/ intpi/8.All. the Children undertaking the work wereorranized into clubs of about 15 members each, of about the sameago. of the same sex. and from the same school. this plan all thehomes I 11. the Children in each club were close, so that eachmember could see what the others were.doing\. Each club was or-(rani/A and conducted by the children under the Oirection of theupor% isor. The clutIrwere merely a, divisron of the children for
von\ enience in supervision and instruction.I riwipet,WomThe menders of each club competed among them-
seLis for itippensix'e prizes.. The children weregjo have beenmarked on the basis of 109 per cent as perfect, with.one-third of thecr6dit comin2- from their gaden. one-third from their records, andcac-third from the showing, which they' made at the exhibit. This.
ANOTHER GROUP IN THE SAME YARD RAKING THEIR PRACTICE PLAT.
method of calculation had to be abandoned' on account of the boardof health piling, liwever, and* instead, three-fourths credit wasgiven on the garden and One-fourth on the record. The Kemitthasawarded on this basis wore buttons from a progressive series designedto be awarded for achievement. The same series is used in the boys'mid girls' clubs of the United States Department of Agriculture.From each club the contestant having the highest average was givenone of the first buttons of the series made of rolled Old. The con -testant having, the seeiind highest average was given one of the'same buttons Made of sterling silvers All the other members having-an average of 75 .per cent or .above received a bronze button of thesame design. The competitor who had the highest average of alk.
, the pupils of the clubs received one of the second buttons of theseries made of solid gold. The same series of buttons will be usedprogrksively in tlk future.
.10
Just as the individual Members strove for excellence among them-selves, so did- the clubs and the schools. Tile school having thehighest average among the garden club members attenditig it was'given a banner. This banner is the first in a series designed with asimilar idea'as that carried out in the buttons ttwarded to the M-
bdixidual prize winners. -
This plan of premium awards always leaves something open tobe achieved. It is inexpensive and makes possible tine awarding ofmom merits. This in turn gives every ehild an ample chance tostart toward the final goal.. If a pupil. does good work but does notstand first, he is given sOmet,hing to show for his efMrts and soe-thing as it basis to work on in the future.
Meeting /,lower. 'The meeting place of each club gathering wasdetermined by the object of the special meeting. The preliminary
-GARDEN CIATBS 1N. SCIIOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.
ONE WAY OF COVERING SEED.
planning and ordering of seeds was done in the schoolhouse. Dem-ofistra.tions in garden preliftration. seed sowing, and cultural meth-ods were held in b:ick yards and vacant lots. Street corners Nvereused as meeting placeS for starting (rips to the suriAinding tom-
' mercial trucking region. Two of the older groups !Iet in one of theschool yards :several th»ps to not in the construction of hot beds/ andreceive instructions for building-them.
. INSTRUCTION.
...clrhe methods of instruction varied in accordance with the season.During the late winter and early spring the classroom method wasfollowed. -.Necessarily the work done at this time was 'varied. Someof the time was spentin talking-ovd the diffeient garden practices
GARDEN ("LT DS TN SCHOOLS OF :ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 11
and niethods, some in seed-testing demonstrations, and some in drawing plats and working out schemes for.tbe summer's work.
Just as soon as the ground could be worked dem6nstratiOns wereheld to illustrate the problems which would be met by the childrenwhen they started to work their gardenS. With the least expe-rienced children, and there were many with no experience, the mostdifficult task was to teach them how to handle garder) tools. Thehanding., of tools combined with their many uses comprised a prob-lem difficult to the small beginners.
Along with the classroom work and demonstrations, postcards andcirculars of different kinds were found valuable. Several shortleaflets on timely subjects were written and distributed by the suer-visor. PublieationS of experiment stations, and One of a, seed, firm,were also used....
ALL SEEDS PLApTED ARE CAREFULLY LABELED.
A still broader view of vegetable gardening afrd agriculture ingeneral was afforded the children through automobile trips into therural districts. Englewood lies near some of the best vegetable, fruit,
pultry, dairy, and general farnis of New Jersey. Many of thesewell! %;isited. The trips proved to be greatly enjoyable and insiritig,as well as instructive to the chjldren.
Without doubt the most valuable instruction of all was that offeredto each child individually. As in all cases of practic-al agriculturalteaching, the school garden instructor, when dealing with a class,must treat his subject for the most part in general terms. It isdifficult for anyone to put these generalities into practice under avariety of unexpected conditions. For the child. it is nest to impos-sible. Consequently, a question answered at school or on the street
d
12 GARDEN CLUBS TN SCI TOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.
was of pprticuhir value to the work, but most, satisfactory'were theinstructions given in the individual gardens:
Vegetable gardening, on a larger scale than is usually possible inthe back yard of a city lot, was taught by means of a demonstrationgarden. Since it served as an ideal for many *pie, and offeredexpc;rience of a rather extensive sort to a considerable group 'of,boys, it will be described Somewhat. fully.
The demomtration, gardem.About an acre of ground located onone of the main streets, just opposite a school building, vas used dur-ing the summer as a demonstration garden. This vas platited withthree varieties of sweet corn,Three of tomatoes, two of egg plants,two of peppers, two of turni-ps, three of radishes, endive, and pota-toes. It served as a Working place for several boys who were chosen
MAKING A STRAIGHT SEED TRENCH WITH THE USE OF A GARDEN LINEAND THE HANDLE OF 41/4 RAKE:
'on a competitive basis to do the work. The chief value of the gardenchine as an-object lesson to the comMunity..
The planting was done the school janitor rind the instructor,with the aid of several of the boys who were more than glad to lenda band. At the time of planting, the grottinl was in rather poorcondition, as thy, weeds which Were previously growing on it werenot entirely covered in plowing. Thus by the time the' crops werelarge enough so that lowing and weeding could be started, they werenearly hidden with weedS. Sonle of the daisies were actually inbloom. This made an excellent opportunity for trying -out prds-.Pective workmen,....although the conditions for a successful gardenwere far friim perfect. The garden had to be gone over severaltimes during the.first cleaning, whereas once would haVe been Slit-cient if the land had been more. carefully plowed andharrowed:
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF E.:CM-760p, N. J. 13
During most of the summer there were but two boys working onthe. ritrdOn at one time. These were selected from a large numbervh originally applied, by a. competitive system based mainly onthe amount and quality of work which they accomplished while notunder supervision: At the time, they did not know iluit they werebeing watched, although they did. realize that if their work Wasgood enough they would be .given permanent employment. In thisway trustworthy boys were chosen, and as a result very little super-vi,;ion was needed to carry on the work. successfully. The part ofthe projecit 'which required the most time on the part of the in-.struct:Or was the supervision of the marketing.
The size of the project made 'possible a great deal of 'instruction.which would have been inipracticable on a smaller plat- of land.
SOWING THE SEED.
The hos were taught to operate wheel hoes, as well as to removeweeds.,and to make a du-t mulch with their hands and a garden hoe.They, were taught to tie tomatoes in several ways and to comparethe results with those which were nptIied at all.: A.striall :sprayergave them an opportunity to learn about, spraying, the mixing ofspray materials, and the 'function of each ingriZent. When thecrops were harvested they learned something about salesmanship:All work done during the day was recorded at night.
The boys, who worked at the garden were pai.d 15 cents an hour,except for selling, for whielt,they received a commission of 0 cents00 each dollar's worili of vegetables they sold. In this way the 'boys, all of whom ranged in ages from 10 to 15 years, were able toearn good wages. The plan wah so satisfactory to the boty4 that 33such gardens were started in the spring of 1917 as individual under- -takings.
14 GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.
.18e;gninent plats.With the exception of the children 'livingin the congested part of the city, most of tit." glirden membiTshid their plias in their back yardS2 The children who lived in thetenements and in other buildings of,thesame neighborhood were,pro-vided with plats of a reasonable size near their homes. These werelocated in two vacant,lots. One was occupied by boys and the otherby 'girls. :The. vacant lots were staked off into plats of differentsizes to meet the needs of different children, and each plat.was sur-rounded by a pu,th.21 feet wide. Each child was assigned to a platof his own in the spring, which he was required to sp4de; plant, andcare for thro0,hont the season. Any child neglecting to cafe, for.hisgarden and the surrounding paths in a satisfactory 'way was de-prived of further use of it.
TRAINING TOMATOES.
PRELIMINARY WORK, SOIL/ PREPARATION, PLANTING.
Garden. pianning.Actual operations went hand in hand with in-struction, which was in most cases .rely minute. This Was espe-cially true while the children were drawing to scale preliminaryworkingplans of fheir gai.dens. A great deal of individual instruc-tion was necessary at trtisjime for two reasons: First, because of thevarying knowledge of the subject among the children; and, secondly,because of the completely different problem which each child had to, ,
selve. Many children had never had any garden expeiience at all;some had helped their parents Who were experts, and were,familiarwith the groWing habits of plants, garden equipment, and the use offertilizers and sprays. These differences of gardening knowledge,combined with just as great differences in knowledge of arithmetic anddrawing, shown by the children in putting on paper the plans for
+al
g. IN*
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCITOOLS OP ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 15the sumuter, made the preliminary planning especially difficult, foreach To 8(1(1 to the difficulty each child had an individualproblem to-solve. Every ganflin lYiifered in topography, shape, size,soil. surroundings, and-vegetables to be grown.. As a result, everydrawing was different, and the scales used in drawing were in manyoases necessarily of a different degree t(i. accommodate the differences'in the sizes of the !:irde)fs.' This makes plain the necessity of thecareful individual instruction which was required while the chil-dren were doing thi;1 part of their work.
. Preparation of sail.-tThe same minute cure was necessary whenthe time canie for preparing the garderi. Each child, if large andstrong enough,. was required to do his own work. All were told at.,club meetings and shown in groups at demonstration's just how toclear off the land, fertilize, spade, and rake the soil. Their varying
SELLING THE PRODUCE
knowledge in regard to these points also made individual instructionnecessary! The combination of factors -unknown to the children werenot so numerous in this work as in garden planning, however, whichmade demonstrations especially, helpful, and reduced the amount ofindividual' instruction necessary.
Clearing off the land.The two great obstacles-in clearing off theland were the accumulations of rubbish and the dense growths ofbriers and small trees. ..Near the center of town, vacant lots and many'back yards were covered with heaps of tin cans,, old shoes, umbrellas,bottles, and all the other things that go to make.up a real trash pile.111Ore difficult to removefrthan these, however, was the vegetationwhich was most common in the outlying parts of town. Here eachWier. and sapling had to be removed root and all, a task which inmany cases proved long and difficult; In all cases of clearing the soil,
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GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS, ENGLEWOoO, N. J. 17liKevec, the -supervisor found that if he himself entered into thework, soon the boys of the whole neighborhood would be on theground ueady,to lend a hand.,Nradiny.After the soil was cleared, spading was the net oper-ation. Here again, individual instruction had to accompany the.work of the chihen. Especially was this the case among, the chil-dmn of the tenement district. All stesincluding the pashingof the spading.fork deep into the ground; the easy way of liftingit when full of soil: the turning of the surface rubbish, manure,and sod down and the loose soil up: and the breaking of clods 'were of necessity carefully explained.
. .Raking.Tlie knack of making a smooth sed lied with a rake.'which comesonly with much practice, was apparent in the _final
IN THE COF?NFIELD.
work of ,only a comparatively few. children. All but a very few.Lowever, did manage to get their gardensintofahly good shapefor planting after much effort. with bath edges cif the rake.
Ple.tittiri.g.In sowing seeds and moving plants, most of the dill-,dren made their rows straight and parallel by Bleang Of a gardenline and a rule. Some, however; used a board' where the rowswere short. They made their trenches, with a rake handle,' theback edge of a rake, a hoe, or the edge of a board. I.ti some casesthe seed was scattered by tAking a' handful and working it over theindex finger witlithe thumb. In other cases thb. seed: envelope wascut straight. acmss one end and the seed distributed by Shifting.the envelope to right and left with the cut edge above autd parallel
4
18 1;.kIt1EN l'1.11;S IN SCHOOLS OF EN(;1,ENVO11, N. J.
to the trench. When the tithe - .cam'' for coNering theaseed andfirming th: soil, .most, of the childret liked best to do the workwith their hands. Others used the nark edge of a rake, and somemysle a plow of their feet. taking. short steps as they covered theseed and firmed tl soil at the saute time. While the latter ethoilis amusing to the children, it is not very satisfactory. In movingplants the soil tvas carefully tinned about the roots. The mostdiligent of the children labeled each row in their garden with astake. This bore the name and varidy of the vegetable, the nameof the seedsman. the dates of planting ial transplanting.
THE WORK DONE DURING THE DAY WAS RECORDED AT NIGHT.
SEEDS.
The necessity of using good seed was impressed upon the childrenthrough bringing out the 111;4 stance of labeling everything planted.methat a complete record could be kept of the, seed used and itsdesirability. Seed-testing demonstrations during the late winterserved the same purpose. At. every opportunity the importance of..(leafing with reliable-ceed firms was impressed upon the children.
The seals used by the. children were purchased from well-sstab-lish(41 dealers. A few were donated. They were all procured inwholesale lots and then put up in small pinitets by some of tin'children 'under the direction of the instructor. Each packet waslabeled by means of a rubber stamp as to the kind of seed it con-tained, the variety, the seedsman from whom it came, and the ap-proximate date for planting.
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCI1001.*.Or'ENtILI*69.11,* N. i.The ilstUcto15 corrected copy of the rough. vo'rking plans ofearl, Ailds garden was Used .-Lir:Idacv-:of MI order sheet for each
child. .This was (hate by vz( inmt,ing fr.i.tn it the number of packetsf colt kidd of, seed which the child world need: ;This copy of thevrden Nvking plan and the packets.: of seeds ne:Cessary. for .each
chiI41 \\ere put into a larg,envelopt,to Nboin it was to be delivered.
.
The value of elicit child's seeds waaS also pia 11P(in the envelope.The total cost of the seeds was divided among the children as accu-rately as est inmtes of possible sales allowed. Each child was chargedproOtionately as the anuamt of seed he purchased bore a relationto the, total amount of seed purchaSed in bulk for all. This methodof handling the seed proved very satisfactory. but unless a great dealof seed is. to be distributed it would be more convenient to purchase
19
DUCK'S. TURKEYS. SPARROWS. GOATS. DONKEYS. COWS. AND OCCASIONALUNSYMPATHETIC CHILDREN ARE PESTS TO BE GUARDED AGAINST
the seed front Sii(' commercial house which is equipped to make upsimillrders strch as children are likely to need.
OTHER SUPPI,I4ES AND EQUIPMENT.
Ear/y /Wanit.. Most of the plants used by the children were pur-chased by them directly from tile local dealers. Some were given tothe children by neighbors. A -few were donated to the Organization,.which in turn, distributed then) among the children. Ther.e. was 110set method. used by the clubs for furnishing plaids to the children.During the coming season provision will She made for this branch ofthe- work. some membes have built hotbeds, in which they willgrow their own plants.
20 CARDN crl*IIS IN StI14101.; ot,'ENtiLEwoo, N,
rhlizes aia Arrqy 11141.ff ere inA rill ell in re-gdi to the application of fertilizers and spray materials. awl, ' ereencouraged to itsx% bdi freely. In :M far as fet;I;wiers and ,sprarmaterials- were usel, they .w 're procured by the ehildri'll independ-.ently of the clubs. Stable 1114116re W rl'Ata oly the Iii 4,si r(liugjoufertilizer. The children were also told to sae a vood asht.,
otrwp litter which the might hate, for eom1stig,theoeveept ion of the h: furnished tiktlie eliddrel;
from the erowletl !-ect,111 of ti ti, the look employedJO garden owners. or their parents. The children whofurnished thew irenentiiy needetl the tools provided 31).41. Thereshould be a %ell-eipliPpet1 garden house. at every grollp of pirdeit!..oliel':Ited by children who do not hate their gardens in their hack
A NOT UNCOMMON PEST. BUT EASILY CONTR(`! LCD'
be fe,,,-to th.vil. (.1, at ,t;it,.,1time, when there ohe premlit to diAribotc -c-
CARE OF TIIE
Tile plats ere .111111141:-1 (11:4`:-. cared for by the children alone. Somechildren reeeked 'no ruet ion except from the siipen.is,,e;weretalight aki by able ',Arent., anti friends. This is the'ideal w ayif the parents do not -do too murk.
-llost of the efiildren did their veviling and Cultivating with he,.weelers...and by halo'. A few 11:1,1 the use f
hand I Via4)14. .N1111.' 11111141 ilt111 will be used in another year.Every imaginablo'surt of 'trellis was used for heatrs, tomato es:-
aial pews. :Trellises..vere made of poles. brush, and wire, anti. in atlORIless variety of wavy. All were most iterestinrly. constructed.-
(;ARDEN CLUBS I N settoot.s oF FN91.Ewoo1r,' N. J. 21
'The control of insect vests and. plant diseases was rather limited.Sonic spraying 'V% 'as pntri iVed. O'er. and many of the largerinseds, such as the Colorado potato beetle, were killrti hr hand.1)n-ting to repel. insects was practiced perhaps more than 0 ny other1011111.f pest control. These methods of pest control are not dis-ns:d in- because of lack.of space, and ali because 'information
nn the subject can be proeured from.any pof the State exerimiFht sta-tion..or the United States Depaliment of Agriculture.
PETS AND PESTS.
A.:ide from the ins,.0. Ham tiisraases. and weeds., oihmakethe army of pest: that infest the growing crops: of the truel: farmer,the city gardener has toblems in regard to chieliens, dogs: birds.
WrLt rr,r."7"rc-rr7-r4,-rrr TOE irNrf
lid other aninials. which at times become %cry try in--. child %%itli,cry little capital. to take the proper preCantions against the dim-gers (dyed h iinderialiing 1411 many lilies of On itcity hit, 11111k Illi 1.11e. TI extent, t he t nal\ farmer
troubted 'by the Saint' peSts: hit. lie usually owns the domestica,:langerous distance:and-has ample equipment for
them under Control. if they are not his the neighbor toInaii they do -belong 1iktly Jhas. a garden- of his .own, and so thetrouble is averted.
In addition to the difficulties ari sing from these different interests.those arising, friin the number of animals in tiroportion .to .plantsis very noticeable. -Vit It's, l'Specitill' 111 some localities,the dogs, eats, chickens. sparroWt:. and other animals abound in greatnumbers. The diflicillt is magnified Ikell these animals are kept
22 CARDEN CLUBS IN SCUOOLS OF F.NGLEWOOD,'N. J.
in check by the inefficient methods of the child or the indifferentattempts of a neighbor who has no garden at all, or has it safelyinclosed, and prefers toiet his animals run at large. In such a plac'e,the task of raising good vegetableg becomes extremely difficult.ESpecially is this the case, no matter what the enthusiasm of thechild, when the neighbor sees a small garden and has the,qnfortu-nate opinion that, because the attempts of the child are small andin proportion to his age or size, they are unimportant. As a matter 4.pf fact, this situation is not common, but it is regrettable to findit at
THE SAME GARDEN AS,.ON THE OPPOSITE PAGE, LATER IN THE SEASON,
Insects, plant ,diseases; and weeds are not discussed here because,they are so commonly recognized, and because they are mentioned atdifferent places throughout this report. Of the other pests that be-'long in tke class to which the title of this discussion refers, chickenswere likely the most numerous, although notal ways so totally destruc-tive as so* other unimals. One boy attempting to establish a garden
\tti a back yard alive with the dogs and chickens of the neighborhooddecided that the safest way was to turn his chickens loose and usetheir inclosure for the garden.
Next to chickens, dogs and .birds probably. did the greatest totaldamage. Here iigain, however, their destruction in any one gardenWu's not.complete,.and so the results to any one owner were not sodisaStrous. Their domage was largely done in the early part of the
'GARDEN CLUBS .IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 23
seasOii when the plants were small or even before they appeared abovethe ground. The. dogs accomplished their destruction by runningthrough the garden and in many eases were held in check very wellby a 'litw fence which diverted their path. The birds, especially thestarlings and English sparrows, did their greatest damage-by eatingthe tender leaves of young vegetables. They' seemed tO be especiallyfond of lettuce and peas. A string ornamented with strips of whitecloth when stretched along the rows of vegetables served to keep them
. away to sonic extent as, long as the wind Was blowing so that the clothfluttered about. This method, however, was pot wholly effective. Ihave known some adults to go so far as to cover their lettuce withwire netting in order to protect it. The ownersof one garden, recog-
A LOW GARDEN, SUBJECT TO OVERFLOW, RAISED INTO BEDS TO AVOIDDAMAGE FROM WATER.
nizing the danger from birds, dogs, and small brothers and sisters,without any suggestion from the instructor built a fence of storeboxes to guard against dogs and children. Their precautions againstthe inroads of birds were most elaborate, consisting of:a scare cropand sevual strings of cloths.
In at letist two cases near the outskirts of town,,cattle totally de-stroyed the gardens of -members. Other animals which did Consider-
"able,darringe were ducks, Faits, donkeys, and goats. A colored girlwho owned a garden of merit, besides having about 15 ducks and anever-increasing number of rabbits nn a lot 50 by 100 feet to contendwith, was blessed 'with dogs, cats, chickens, and pigeons. They allhad their own homes, however. and or.. the most part behaved very
Some difficulty was experienced with children bothettnveul,other's garden. Fortunately this matter was easy to control. There
24 GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS 61' ENGLEWOOD, N. J.
was, indeed, one garden which was completely destroyed in this way,and a few other. eases where some injury was done. Most of thedamage occurred in sections where gardens were in groups. Thegarden which was completely destroyed .came to a sad ,end becauseit was constantly improved with plants taken-from adjoining ga-dens. The boys who owned the surrounding gardens were unable toappreciate such a thrifty method,. and expressed themselves deti-nitely. On the whole, however, the boys and girls respe'eted eachother's work and treated it accordingly.
Trees were the cause of many partial failures. Their branchescut off the necessary sunlight, and the roots robbed the gardens oftheir moisture and plant food. 110hen many trees were present theefforts of the children were* poorly paid.
SAND-PIT SHOWING CAUSE OF EXTREME DRYNESS IN SOME PARTS OFTOWN.
EXCURSIONS.
'fire members of the gardeing'lubs were taken in club groups onautomobile trips through the neighboring, agricultural region. Thecitizens of Englewood .were very accoinmod'ating with their cars, sothat it W possible to take .4 different group On every day fromJuly 5 to July 13, with the exception of §unday, July 9.
Some of the points of interest visited were well - managed uplandtruck farms, muck -land vegetable farms, fruit farms, a Klock farm,it chicken farm, it dairy farin, it stock farm, seed-testing grounds for.a large New_ York concern, a ,nursery, and the school gardens of a-neighbOring town. The following essay will give some idea of thevalue of these trips. 'It was hurriedly written some time alter thetrip by a boy who 'Was making his first trial at gardening. and
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 25
his brother were the only ones asked to write reports. The in-structor requested these only th;it he might. have some idea of whatvalue the trips were to the children. The Writer whose essay is .
copied here did not mention several of the stops and has confused..the order of others. Several doubtful statements are credited to theinstructor, and many details are lacking. (.)u the whole, hoFever,is very satisfactory.
IA boy's narrative of a trip to a farm.]
A Goon TIME AT VISITING FARMS.
When we started-Mr. Smith told us t( Nvittli all the farms and what theyraised and how . it was kept. We started out with four seated in the hackl
A LOW GARDEN, SUBJECT TO OVERFLOW, RAISED INTO BEDS TO AVOID DAM-AGE FROM WATER
three ou the floor and Air. Smith and the chauffeur in frill \\*int lysitiall boyon Mr. Smith's lap.
The first farm we sawiwas one on Teaneck Road. It ha,41 con.), spinach, andtomatoes. Farther on we,sa a rhubarb farm. The plants Were 111)(41t 2 yards,ppart. You could see even paths through the Plants. The rows were. hoedmai c.leirn kept. Mr, Smith told .us that only labor and patience could keep thegarden so well.
We passed wally cornfields. thi first stop WZIS tin Ohl 501001. When weWent out of the auto we noticed an old bell in the tower. The first thing wedid wlis to see who could hit the hell first. We threw for about five ildnutesand then the bell was hat. Afterwarils Mr. Smith took out two bags of peanutsand told us to stay about 20-fot.t from. hini. He took one lag and threw thepeanuts Into the air. Then there was Li tax-up, everybody vent for the pba-nuts. The second bag was thrown. by the chauffeur. While 'we Nvere holdingup our hands to catch the peanuts Mr. Smith took our Oct ure.
A little further up the road Mr. Smith told us that we were cowing to nplace where celery, onions, and parsley could only be raised. This phtee. was
26 GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF 'ENGLEWOOD, N. J.
once large lake, but the trees !1111 S111.1111S sucked the water out and it formed aswamp. The farmers came and girdled the' trees 110(1-(hug up the stilt whichwas very hlack. The soil, which is called muck, is so _rich that only vegetalflint need 0 gotid soil ellt1 be raisetl there. When we came to the place we saw..long rows of celery in a rich, black still. Stone of the* rows had boards alongside of them. These boards were to keep the sun from the hunts and make- thestems white. The rows were ahout a yard and' a half Apart. In the middleof each row was a row of -smaller plants, so when the larger ones were gimethese would take their places. We came to a place where corn was growingamong peach trees. This Is called intercropping. When the trees get largerthe farmer will have to stop planting stuff there. We saw tomatoes and 110-tattoes growing among apple trees.
We went up a tall hill and saw for miles. around farms and fining:Our next stop ova' at a ellicken. farm. We did not see many chickens be-
cause they were In the fields. The farm had an incubator that contained more
A GOOD GARDEN RAISED ABOVE THE LOW GROUND TOTHE LEFT, TO AVOIDFLOODING. NINE YEARS OLD.
than a hubdreti evils mal -IS eggs in each cell. The iwulatt or containseggs. When the young chickens are (Oil enough they are put in small coops. Inthe center of,every coop Is a round cover with small pieces I if cloth hangint$down. This is used us a mother.
We left this farm and rode around. Then we went to a duck farm. WewAt Into the house where they make-:the .food for the ducks. This Is doneby machinery. The farm field 1S,tNNI ducks. The coops held ducks of differ-ent sizes. All you could Wear was "Quack." The incubator ?loom was so hotthat we had to runout. Mr. Smith took our picture watching the ducks.From here we went home. On our way we passed the Tentrily School gardens and the Cleveland 54.11001. gardens. At the end of the trip we found thatwe had gone. 30 miles in three and one-half hours.
I forgot to tell you about the pole -bens farm we saw by the schoolhouse.In whatever direction you looked was a straight line of pOles.."
It can plainly be seen that the essay is not a lesson in composition,.
it mightalthough ight- well be made so. Some confusion is evident. For
GARDEN .CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD', N. J. 27
in,tance, the boy received a. hazy, idea of the formation of muckland, pronably because of the necessarily hurried way in which it
. was explained. lIecdid, however, Jearn that there is such a soilform And that in it grows most of the onions and celery which he eats.M:IGY first-band impres-sions of his surroundings'whlich are of valueand could not otherwise be adequately taught are- ivident froni thereport.
INFORMING THE COMMUNITY.
The publicity work connected with the project was of the utmostimportance. This was carried on in a variety of ways. Newspaper,
1
$
VISITING ATEED TESTING GROUND.
articles were used extensively. Gardens were labeled, and the oneused for demonstration purposes was marked with a large sign.' Theproduce sold was advertised as being grown by . the garden ebbs.,That from the demonstration garden, was sold front house to housewith the idea of bringing the work to the notice of as natty personsas possible.
On the Fourth of July the logical board of trade conducted it paraclein which the garden clubs participated. A small float decoiated withvegetables from club gardens was drawn by two boys dressed asfarmers. This was followed by a processiOn of other boys wearingoveralls and straw hats and girls clerked in sunbonnets find options.
28 GARDEN C,17.1'B.S IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEOOD, N. J.
They all carried hoes, rakes, or banners. For their showing in thisevent the clubs received a special prize Of $.5.
Another form of publi.city was .:the distribution of three pre-liminary/ reports. These were in typewritten form and were pv0--fitsely illustrated with -photographs. Thy were distributed. in .Suha we- that a great many persons were. able to see .thetii. Wheneveronl group of persons had finished with-them, they were returned :Hsent to another group.
FOLLOW-UP PLANS.
The plans for the season of 1917 were based on the experience '
gained through the work done during, 111 6. An extension of the, work with home gardens, group gardenS, demonstration gardens.
NURSERIES ARE INTERESTING PLACES FOR EXCURSIONS.
and vacant-h4 gardens, with slight modifications in systems of man,agement was provided,. Plans for Club organizations and conweti-tions.,were based more definitely on existing school rivalry. Newelements of organization and comopetition Ayere introduced to meetthe needs- ari.sinf..,K . with a large ninnber of vacant-lot gardens. Prp-vision was ,made for some children who do not care for the clubs, but-who wish to have supervised gardens. The.-method of registrationincluded a personal visit to each how(); Seed was sold to the pupils of
mall grades. Pupils below the fifth grade were not included In any ofthe clubs, but their .gardens were visited and small premiums weretawarded to t ! best of:them. The record forms to-be used by thrchildren. and The 'instructor Ivere revised. BesideS continuing on a
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 29
larger scale; t he methods of instruction used in 191n, lantern slidesffor explminig ditfe,'ent operations were emploted. Additional help
for file supervisor was provided for in the new plan.
BLANKS AND CIRCULARS.
The 'Mlowing pages illustrate the blanks and circulars used.The record book used by the child and the teacher's record sheetwere slightly revised for use during the season of 1947. The mainfeitures awe' the same, but some changes have been' made to Meet afew new conditions which have arisen. For instance, the old recordprovides for no plaCV in which the child could keep a record. ofpopey loaned to it for seed and plowing. With large gardens cominginto favor, a formfor such a fn has arisen.' Most of the printingwas done by theclmol vocational class.
A SMALL FLOCK OF HENS ON A LARGE POU,LTRYFARM.
.1) 8titill'idgg 'record. The following coiAeted record is not thebest from the standpoint of neatness and literary execution. Itwas selected because the boys (two ..brothers) Who operated the.garden probably learned nore about intensive garden practice thanany of the other members, of the chibs They also kept. their final--
,4AI record in a creditable manner. How new they were to this"'%'OrIc is evidenced by the fact that these to boys spaded underan unused A back yard last season to.make their first trial at gardenwork. In some instances' the certificates of only one of the boysreSown. .
30 CAMDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGI.F.WOOD, N. J.
BEGISTIUTION REA N 1: of Tut: ENoi.E000 G ARDEN I NO CLI
Name_ SchoolHomeAge thtole_
Have you a hack-yard garden spot 9If so, give Its dimensions.. _
What garden tools lnAs yna,have. Inoney for .seedy: ?.Have you ever worked in a garden',lft, you expect to he in-Englewood all suninter?....If not, how lung will you-he away?_____
I helreby approve of my t __becoming a member of the Engle-%
w.00d Gardeping Club during the summer of 191(1.
4
-I'arent.
A TYPICAL GARDEN EXCURSION.
Teacher's rceord slreet.The form of record sheet used by the in-structor follows:School Grade NameAge Afitiress
Seed finances.Datc. Terms. .1 uw,rnt.
Location of garden-..._
-Size of 'garden-Experience
1IF.101tI) 01, VISITS.
Pate, ReCointitendationrt,...
r -
Grade,_...
GARDEN. CLUBS IN saroots (IF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 31
One sheet was kept for eiich References were made to thissheet by means of an alphabetical list and a list arranged accordingto the location of the child's home.
Printed eircufart17,:rhe follow ing.'a re circuliirs which were writtenby the supervisor Rid distributed. among the children. Aside fromthese, circulars from.commercial houses and experiment stations wereused.
THE NVEED BATTLE.
Nom% that your-crops iulltuilanted and have started to grow, or will start to10 so in a short time, you ought to turn pair thoughts to the care of the smallplants. There are at least four enemies of these little, lentil* baby plantsv%-hich you wilt have to tight if your Orden is to be successful. The first of
p
AN OBJECT LESSON IN BACK -Y,4
these Is the other crop of baby plants in yweeds. There is always it disorderly mob ofpal.meet them with your hands and as goodsmaller artnyof well-drilled soldier plants.
RD CLEANLINESS.
it garden which are known ashesib savage invaders and unlesscarp hoe they overrun your'es, the hoe must be sharp, sothat cour task will be made as easy as possible. With a sharp hoe the weeds
can easily he mule to tunable in all directions, and the straight ranks of yourarmy will remain its you want them. [To sharpen your hoe use a file midmake the edge as much like that-f a knife as possible.]
But a hoe can not do the whole trick. After the Main army lakilled manyspies will fry to hide in among your plants, dressing themselvs in clothessimilar to those worn by your men. But you must become wyll acquaintedwith your men and not allow the littie red weeds to persuade your into thinkingthat they are beets. These and all the other weeds that lurk 'as spie& in amongthv rows of vegiitables must he met in a hand to hand bitttle. They must allhe dOne away with. -
.The sooner you do this after your plants have pushed their heads above theground, the easier will he your task. Small weeds are usually weak Mid veryeasily killed, but large ones are very strong. If you keep the soil between the
32 GARDEN- CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.. .
rows of your garden well led 'mar loose, ninny of the weeds will be kiiiedeveinefore they appear above the..;zurfaw of the ground.
In fighting* this bottle, however, pot must he careful not to stepson yourvegetoble;, or &low them to be disturbed in any 'way. If the hoe should cover
rein with earth. ns it is hound to do unless yott Itold it firmly and 'guide Itcarefully; remove it.wIth your hands, distort ing.t be plants its little as ssibie:give them all the chance you can. because civilized babies, can not grow' well
dirty faces. 1'onti-111e Mils ottie from time to time, eNpecially afterrains. when the soil is nearly. dry. and pat will he a victorious .general.
In doing our gardening work we Must. nstantly he looking into the futureso that its cnn be preparing ft)). what is to r11111O by what we are doing at pres-
oent. Now is the time to think of 'what Is to 1st' &o sevei keel:,, or even
A STOCK FARM WHERE HORSES. SHEEP. HOGS. CATTLE, AND ALL SORTS CFPOULTRY ARE KEPT.
SWVOl'ill 111011(6 hence 111141 to 114'1 is preparation for what is to e thine then,(Ile pUrlieular thing which must be kept constantly in mind is the public eN-hibit wie!' the thingi.; we have grown in our go1411,4.mill he shown, ng.exhibit will be field near the middle of September; tool unless we keep it inmind from now until .that WOO we not snake the showing which is ex-pected of us. This will he ou .4ecotal public appear:6v; our first. in thi,Fourth of July parade, tig hit, and WC linve to do even. better iu ournext. But in order todo,ourselves justice every one of us. must belay thegame ns if we theaat.it from now until 'the exhibit is over.
In doing our:share there ore two .things at which each of usanust workby way of preparation; First, we must take care of our gardens in the. b.-wily we know of, so.that, our things will grow large and good to look at. 11'.nil know what this3neatetL-7-the weeds .must be done away with. the:11011110nsInsets must be killed. the ground must, 1.'01-kept loose. and the pholi4 must hethinned :co that they have plenty of ninth in which to grow. If there is any-
;
.nromommommimmnimmomm.7GARDEN ,C1,113g INSelfOOLS OF kNOEWOOD, J. 33 ,
thing that we do not understand; we (In!' ask Mr, Smith when he calhelo SPe .;
our gardens, or write him it i)st card addressed. to.I.lberty School.secotto, we must plant vegetables in the spaces left by the re1111VOI 'Of the
early erops. Airt4oly some of the boys and girls have planted late beets, rad-.kites. turnips. beans,, and ninny other vegetables which ±they will show at thefair. Mr. Smith eon also help in choosing .lipte crops for this purpose.
If we are. not careful, some of our fellow club members %OK) are already pre-paring for their part of the exhibit will get ahead of us...! \mar of us dareallow Ibis, because our exhibit at the fair- counts One-third- toward the 1i110
for the season upon the basis of which prizes are aWartled. Aside fromthese prizes Tor the work orthe season, there will he ,premiums offered at thefair for the best exbibits..-Now let us all get to work and saw the othermembers of the club. as. ?,V1'11 a the Iliadic that we know Nthilt we are doing
,totd that our part of the Fourth of July parade was merely a sample of whatwe stand fdr.
; Alt I 1EN CLUBS I 11."I'llE .SCI it 0 11.5clitt'll..\ It td.. INFOltNI.VrION.
A STAar 1011 NEXT l'.E.A11.
Aliot her thing in rygrtrd to which we should loA ahead is4out gardeningtlAr next year. Now is the. thne to tieeidefon what. we exprt to do
then. WI' Mons do 1144 to be completely made out at this time, but if the1111119 lire 10 be ehthihni thene are some things \od, should be dom..
First of 011 we should decide on the size of garden NVIlivit eXi11 toculth ale; We have all learned by a year of -experience that *we riot make1,2:1`iables grow and have gained some Idea of the size of pinks!' I ha I we toil
. sucvssfully oilerate. 'That is. we 1:11OW.111St alit 11,0W 1111101 lanthve can pre-p.,re :for plant lug, plant, and_ca re for throughout Ilw summer,' Most of Ha ranproudly say that we feel that nett year we can care for a larger plot or ground.ihourive have now ;111,1 do it hi list er way than we have cared for-our ga-dens this year. Some of us have even gotten Mtn our heads lire .idea that we(Oil II.e ofie of the vaciatit-,lots ii1 our. neighborhood for 11, garden similar to theone across from Cleveland School, owned by the garden clubs. (If youhove not seen this garden. be sure to NiSit 11111I ask questions or tho,hosAvhot;iiie rare of il,l This is all tine; hut whatever we undertake to do next yearshould be thought of now. The thing to do first is ,to decide Ott how large a'galdea we wish to care for next year.
When this Is deternCued, the next step is twdeide theft the garden is to besinialed, if we have not already its location In mind. The question for eachors us is whether it will he In my back yarli or whether it will be in vacantOval' boom, 1.111v our hack yards do not afford a blare. for :1 garden; orunless that place is not large enough for what we wish to undertake. wo
Use it in preference to a vaant. 114. But we can not no as we pleas'ein our back ya rots, WO stio1111 go to the nearest vacant lot whir lf we think wonidIliP4i 'VI. our parpose and seeure..the tike of.lt.for'next year., Mr. i:Inith ea 5 helpyou do th!s.
Now (hart lie size of the garden aid its location is .decided upon, wor shouldhe started .al! once In getting the groat-mil Mtn shill for next: your. T is veryIntportinit, altitOttgli it- seems like rl loug, time before the land is o_ he Used,'Tii.? good that We visitt41 on our automolqie trips plan v the UAe of
34 BARDEN CLUBS IN SCIEBOLS..QF ENGLEWOOD, N. J....
their lands for five or six years lit advallee. and si; surttiY.,We $11411141 think atleast a year ahead and prepare for what Is to i'011ie tuna.if the garden Is to be located in the hack yard where a garden has been grow.Gag this year, work should be started In cleaning away all. rubbish ijkt as siionas the different crops are'rentoved. If the season' is too far advaited to plain
other vegetables brthe place of those that are removed, as It wilt likely e.- the*round should lie spaded and as much manure as can he iiroeurotturned under.Whell this is nevomplIshed a cover crop (y. this Is meant a crop of some sort.Wiiivii will keep the rahn front washing the garden during the winter) -should heplumed. Forthis punm)sv several things run lie used. Rye mixed with wintervetch will likely lie the et, although other crops may be used. If we do notknow what these things are or where to proure the seed, Mr. Smith call help us.Those of us whodecille to haVe a garden where there Is mi garden now shouldstart even curler. to lirelmre for next year; If onr, ground is envered.wItl) rub-bish of =any kind, this'should he removed at once. 'Some or us win have hutrale rutaii,:k. but uin Mid our 0.ound grown over with a heavy crop of grass andvissls. These should not he renaived, but should he turned under and ii,edtts'a green-nmnare crop. vhieli will Make our Vegetables grow nil the better nextyear. Along wfthtlwse silt the ma oar '' tbat two be hail - should 1;,i e(were,htv,.r,When *his is done netwer crop like lb o110.111eideolled ilhoVe shllid lie planted.Iii the spring these MVP', ertpt..2 0111 ' Aimed under to act as green-manure
.eos, whiii will makeast ill better 4nrilen.No. It isn't Gs snail to think it twer; after sill. When ii snip to 1 !MIL. tI.re
are tot,: ufildwzs we mod to do, If we are ,t1;1'11.,.: fo make the inotd of ear ;:arilennext year.. Winn we have dis,ossed here is of the very most impt:linand applies to everytoio of Ii-. TI6`re are niany oilier thing,: Which should bethouglit, or before next sPring and ihe-c will he taken up (riga onus' (m time.
Post-(ard alinmine,m,Qte.At. two different times tinting the sea-son announcements were inside b'S- means of postal cards. which 'alecopied below :
l'OrlIT11
Meet on Cottage Piave sat *_1 p.
WITS c:irPy rakes mot. If iNSsihle. wear farmer hats and overalls.t;11t1,S carry line,: :Ind. if possible. wear sillibonnet alai aprons.
NoE.If you have any vegetables that can lie UseI in decorating a float,bring them to Liberty. School about p. MOnday. July 3.,
A VTI . TRIP.
Nleet at the sh,,,p) ..o :it t ohdt.d 111.4 year at t p. , .1111y 13.
t'. SNI1111.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
On Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, Septeinher 14, 15. and 10. the GardenClubs of the Englewood SehOols will hold tip exhibit In the.wItalows.of trapestro
42.Enst Palisade Avenue, and. J. D. Chlesa SonS, 10 Dean street. Thepisltiets to be exhibited will be collected h3 means of a 'Wagon early la-the
. morning.. If you attended Lincoln School last winter, have your products ready
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 35
0
Oa.
3tn
36 GARDEN C 'JIBS $CIIOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J.on l'hursday !mailing. I f you attended Liberty School, have them ready Fridaymornim.r. If you attended Olevelaial School, have theta ready Saiirdo morn-ing. Help to make the exhibit, a success by having; your wgetahles cleanand attr:Irthe ill every waY.
CHARLES ORCHARD. tNI UHL'30E11 of the thIll'S this method 'was used it inioved to he" very effi-cient, he6ause all the children .received notice of what \vas to occurat the same time and at It when they could not well " forget theoccasion to which they refere(1.
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS ENG1,EWOOD, N. J. , 37
Name
Add ress._ nee*-cAge.. k Year A qv t,
School ....
Size of garden t...._ _Square feetPhotograph of garden and owner
CERTIFICATEThereby certify that, as far as 1 know,
this record is rrey...07,4_ai.ent or Guftan
Principal of of School
Diagram of garden
FINANCIAL RECORDMonth Charges Credits
5 0
Lc`
I VI
'Total
Profits
I b t0
13
C44
q1/44
VisitsDate Date
9.fJ-1) 95
61.5 9-,6.4 9-2,
looq-31
7- 1°78-3_9
9593095
1 st.
Fair2nd: 3rd.
FINALGarden.. .9.. per cent.Record 98.... per cent.Fair - per cent.The final average of points scored by the
7.1411.0er.8....9:41,140.441:7$4.41.perviaor of gardens
APPENDIX.
A GARDEN NOTE 1300K.
This is to certify that
1i-sic/ore icgtz-
is a member of the.Sen /or cat'cierno ,C /v4
c. branch of the
ENGLEWOOD
Gardening Clubs
having been recommended by
s ep hParent or guardian
Fr WS ta ve ,
Principal of school
and approved by
Edga.r____ 5 (2,, r s 017President of branch
Supervisor of gardens
38
-N,
GARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENGLEWOOD, N. J. 39
THE WORKING PLAN OF MY GARDEN
Bet$9)
RA DiShes
())..
JsZilevs
19i ooRt \cN7z
es
f i of G a.r e t4
Size, uis aa.,
cxie,
4 0 ,OARDEN C1_,"BS IN SCHOOLS Or ENILEO, N. J.
ITEMIZED ACCOUNT
Charge. Credit.
Date Item TuneAm't
1
Totals Date Item........
Am't Total,Ilto !d in
% S
kck
4 4 .
f
14'1,k
r.4-.Z1'...- sAiAr...4Stxtk......A.A.
r"9.4-ro,ry"1/4151.0.0t.t,. ...,-..a....-4./4.-
.
. .
,
AA
SO
. 0
o
0 b
S S
0 ,
0.4.
Nt........,.. t.. 5., 1.. cll.. I a.,,. t y
. 1 s
t 1
a S)4.9..\,
3, . y
.
.
1I 1. # i
'4
" , 0
'01
'i 114
4 5
ii % 1
iv-
"....A........Z.-,
..............L.j......
lk4-2-4:4"
'4.61.34.4,
kAstte,SILIMK......A.
Liutto
iiil-0,-*
' .
tliCto.C.,tA
cldiu-ki#1
ki.secc,
.
' ,oSo t.tt 0, 0
, 0osOs
a .ia
t oo St 5
1 0
S0 b' S
OS
1-S
OSII ,5.,
LS
is
oS1 ()
OS
4..
51
'UARDEN CLUBS IN SCHOOLS OF ENULEWOOD, N. J. 41
ITEMIZED ACCOUNT
ChargesCredits
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