Garden Design History

8/11/2019 Garden Design History

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History of Garden Design

Dr. Cynthia McKenney


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The Purpose of the Garden

Changes Over time Embellished farms

Production

Early Park

Versailles is an

example

Hunt and take

long walksWalls and stands

of trees


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Modern Parks

Picturesque

Majesty

Grandeur

Expansive

Capability Brown


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Modern Parks

Poetic

Egyptian and

Greek mythology

Art

No movement


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Modern Parks

Romantic

Moving Water

Shadows

Attention to detail


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Pleasure Gardens

No link to beinguseful

Laborious artifice Branches and

foliage becomewalls and ceilings

Status

Vases, figures


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Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Ancient Wonder of

the World

Nebuchadnezzar II

around 600 B.C.Artificial mountain

with rooftop

gardens to cheer up

a home sick wife

Hanging refers to

overhangbalcony


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Hellenistic and Roman Gardens

Hadrians Villa

Example of

Roman Gardens

Characterized by

meeting of axis's

100 B.C to AD 500

Retreat

Religious symbols


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Islamic Gardens

Persian gardens

Europe about 60

B.C.

Indicative ofclimate

These evolved into

the Mughalgardens of India

Inlaid tiles and

mosaic


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Moroccan Gardens

More color added

Contemplation

gardens

Key water features

Influenced Spanish

Gardens


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Spanish Gardens

Orangery

Production and

beauty

Indicative of

climate

Straight lines


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Oriental Gardens

Japanese Zen

Concurrentdevelopment to

Europe Hill and pond

gardens

Meditation

Symbolic features


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Japanese Seison-KaKu

Modeled on nature

House becomes a

direct part of thegarden

Simulate age andpermanence


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Chinese Gardens

Modeled on nature

Miniaturelandscape of large

areas Symbolic elements

Meditation

Symbolic features


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Characteristics of Italian

Renaissance Gardens

Very formal lines

that intersect

Result of hot

climate

Influences French

baroque gardens


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Italian Renaissance Gardens

Geometrically patterned beds, or parterres, are

a distinct element of the Italian style.

Traditionally, Italian gardens had few flowers.

The plants were primarily evergreens fortexture and shape, often in manicured topiary.


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Italian Renaissance Gardens

19thcentury revival

Italian gardens are

based on:

Steps, urns and

balustrades

geometrical to

serpentine


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Renaissance Gardens

Designed to be

inspiring all year

round

Not dependent on

color

Very formal

An expansive vista


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Renaissance Gardens

Display and

backdrop for

sculpture

Historic themes

Contrast of sun

and shade

Shady alle or walk

Water Features


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French Baroque Gardens

Retains the

elements of

geometric design

and parterregardening


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French Baroque Gardens

Water features and

fountains remain

important with

highly styledelements


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French BaroqueGardens

Stairs and

balustrades are

also incorporated

to change fromone terraced area

to another


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French BaroqueGardens

The expansive

vista and topiary

hedges remain

critical elementsbut less statuary is

present.


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Anglo-Dutch FormalGardens Retains many of

the similarelements but color

begins to enter thepicture

This is more infavor with today


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Formal English Gardens

Statuary,

balustrades and

stairs to transfer

from one terrace toanother


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The heavy

influence of both

French and Italian

gardening is easilyrecognized.


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English LandscapeGardens


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Estate Parks

became popular

Capability Brown

was a designer thatremoved much of

the formal gardens

in favor of anatural design with

a stream and green

sward.


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English GardenesqueGardens Current these

highlight

individual

plantings to theirbest

Avent of the

botanicalcollectors approch

Cottage gardens


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English Landscape Gardens

No talk on English

gardens is

complete without

the Ha-Ha feature! Provides the

naturalistic sward

while allowing forthe production

animals to be held

away from the

botanicals

Documents

Garden Design History