GARISSA CP FINAL.pdf

E U COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF GARISSA

NDMA

COUNTY DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLAN

GARISSA COUNTY

FEBRUARY 2014

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to acknowledge the efforts of the technical departments who compiled this document. These are

• National drought management authority

• Agriculture

• Livestock

• Water

• Education

• Heath and nutrition

• Conflict and peace building

• Kenya Red Cross Society

I appreciate the efforts and support in planning, undertaking and preparing this documents by the following partners

The county Government of Garissa

African development solution -ADESSO

Veterinary San Frontieres – BELGIUM

The success of this work depends upon both the collective and individual representation these stakeholders availed to the preparation of the county drought contingency plan.

Dr. Mohamed keinan

County Drought Coordinator

National Drought Management Authority- Garissa

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

NDMA- National Drought Management Authority

ASAL – Arid and Semi Arid Lands

CP- Contingency Plan

CSG- County Steering Group

DMC- Drought Management Cycle

DS – Drought Scenarios

KFSSG – Kenya food Security Steering Group

MOA- Ministry of Agriculture

CG – County Government

MOE- Ministry of Education

MOLD-Ministry of Livestock Development

MOH- Ministry of Health

MOW&I – Ministry of Water and Irrigation

NG- national Government

CTK – Crisis Tool Kit

NDCF – National Drought Contingency Fund

CDC – County Drought Coordinator

CDRO – County Drought Response Officer

CRO – County Resilience Officer

CO – Chief Officer

SOP- Standard operating Procedures

DCF- Drought Contingency Fund

M&E- Monitoring and Evaluation

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya make up more than 80 per cent of the country’s land

mass, and are home to more than 30 per cent of the population and nearly half its livestock.

Nomadic pastoralism, the predominant livelihood in the ASALs, is the only form of productive land

use through periods of poor and erratic rains; indeed, it may be difficult to conceive another

livelihood more suited to this environment despite instance where alternative/complementary

livelihood are often mentioned..

Drought is a common phenomenon in Kenya, particularly in the Asal counties .its occurrence

increases with the increased variability caused by climate change. Given its slow onset, drought can

be predicted, managed and should never turn into famine, hence the need to develop this

comprehensive drought contingency plan for Garissa county.,

The development of this strategic and sustainable responses in this plan involved participation of

various stakeholders including representative from all the sub-counties .the plan has six sections

namely livestock,agriculture,education water ,conflict and health/nutrition .the county stakeholders

have developed this county drought contingency plan to assist individuals and organizations through

a process of identifying specific actions in each drought phase that can be taken to reduce drought

risks.

The first chapter of this Drought contingency Plan provides general overview of the county. Chapter two to seven discusses each sector in details per livelihood zone. For each sector, the following key areas are systematically covered: an overview of the sector, drought scenario, drought indicators, intervention plans and finally intervention budgets for each drought stage. The document also highlights standard operating procedures (SOP) in the face of a drought event as contained in NDMA’s response manual.

Thank you County drought coordinator NDMA GARISSA

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Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ III

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 County profile .................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Demographic data ............................................................................................................ 1

1.3 Administrative Units And Population Per Sub County And Divisions ........................... 2

1.4 Livestock and livestock population ............................................................................... 2

CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Contingency Planning and Drought Cycle Management................................................. 4

2.2 Drought Early Warning Phase Classification .................................................................. 5

2.2.1ENVIRONMANTAL INDICATORS ................................................................................. 6

2.3 Measuring Socio-Economic Effects ................................................................................ 7

2.4 Methodology to Establish Early Warning Phase Classification ...................................... 9

CHAPTER THREE: CONTEXT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 13

Overview .............................................................................................................................. 13

3.1 Livelihood zones ............................................................................................................ 13

3.2 Wealth Breakdown for the Reference Year (2011-2012) .............................................. 28

3.3 Source of food for the Reference Year (2011-12) ......................................................... 28

3.4 Source of Cash for the Reference Year(2011-2012) ...................................................... 29

3.5 Expenditure Patterns for the Reference Year (2011-2012)............................................ 30

CHAPTER 4: SECTOR INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................................... 31

4.1 Livestock Sector............................................................................................................. 31

4.2 Health and Nutrition Sector ........................................................................................... 56

4.3 Water Sector................................................................................................................... 69

4.4 Agriculture Sector .......................................................................................................... 78

4.5 Education Sector ............................................................................................................ 92

4.6 Social Protection .......................................................................................................... 104

4.7 Conflict and Security Sector ........................................................................................ 108

CHAPTER FIVE: OVERALL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION .......................................................... 118

5.1 Standard Operating Procedures.................................................................................... 118

5.2 Response Taskforces/ Working groups ....................................................................... 118

CHAPTER SIX: PROCEDURES FOR DISBURSEMENT OF DROUGHT CONTINGENCY FUND....................... 128

6.1 Drought Contingency Fund (DCF) Business Process .................................................. 128

6.2 Drought Contingency Process................................................................................ 130

6.3 Early Warning Process ........................................................................................... 131

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6.4 Funds Requisitioning and Disbursement Process .................................................. 132

6.5 Fund Reporting Process ......................................................................................... 133

6.6 Proposed Drought Contingency processes Linkages ............................................. 134

3.0 ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................... 135

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Recurrent drought has been a common phenomenon in Garissa County for the last two decades. The loss caused by drought supersedes all other hazards combined with livelihood destruction being the main effect and environmental degradation continuing. During high stress periods, the natural resource base (water, pasture) becomes insufficient to support large numbers of livestock’s. This has forced several pastoralists to relocate livestock to the costal ranches thus increasing cost of production. This coupled with lack of any appreciable harvesting of food crops in this arid county leads to food shortages, malnutrition, poor health and high mortality rates of people during drought. Recovery from drought is a significant challenge because the impact of drought leaves household assets critically depleted. Hence, the need exists for a strategic long-term, pro-active approach for drought management to increase the resilience levels of communities in the target areas and to promote early response to drought in order to minimise the losses of household assets. This contingency plan for Garissa County is designed to allow early response to drought events in order to minimise depletion of household assets and to support local economies. 1.1 County profile

Garissa County is located in North Eastern province and borders Wajir County to the North, Tana River County to the west, Isiolo County to the North West, Somalia to the East and Lamu County to the south. The larger county has now been subdivided into five (7) administrative sub-counties namely Fafi, Lagdera, Balambala, Dadaab, Garissa, Ijara and Hulugho with a total area of 44,057 Km² .The County is basically flat with no hills, valleys and mountains. It rises from a low point of 200m above sea level on the southern sides through bush-covered plains to about 400m above sea level on its northern parts. The major physical features are seasonal lagaas and the Tana River basin in the western side. The soils range from the sandstones, dark clays to alluvial soils along the River Tana basin. White and red soils are found in Balambala sub county where terrain is relatively uneven and well drained. The soil has low water retention capacity but supports vegetation, which remains green long after the rains. These soils have potential for farming. The rest of the district has sandy soils that support scattered shrubs and grass. Alluvial soils are found along the Riverine zone of Tana and Lagaas (Seasonal drifts).

The county falls under ecological zone V&VI characterized by low erratic and unreliable rainfall of bimodal in nature with long rains season expected from mid March to May and the short rains season expected from mid October to late November .The temperatures are high all round the year.

1.2 Demographic data

The county covers an area of approximately 44,174.5 square kilometers with an estimated population of 623,060 according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS 2009Census). The County consists of three main livelihood zones; pastoral-all species with 85 percent, pastoral cattle with 5 percent, agro-pastoral with seven percent and a formal employment/business/petty trade at three percent of the population respectively. The population of the County, is predominantly Muslim and Pastoralists, and is concentrated in small

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pockets surrounding water points and urban/market centres. These are the areas where basic services like education; health, security and commercial activities are to be found.

The county was under relief operation since the year 2000 with currently, 84,505 persons benefitting from the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO) in the County. The numbers came down from 121,437 after the improved short rains reported by the assessment conducted in February 2013. Other food support programs include supplementary feeding which targets 2,120 children under five, pregnant and lactating mothers as well as regular school feeding programme targeting 42,049 pupils in all public primary schools.

1.3 Administrative Units And Population Per Sub County And Divisions

Sub County Divisions Projected Population 2013

Garissa Central 136,608

Sankuri 20,598

Balambala Balambala 35,807

Danyere 28,991

Lagdera Benane 23,631

Modogashe 48,327

Shant-abak 36,246

Dadaab Dadaab/Dertu 156,992

Liboi 21,122

Fafi Bura 14,770

Galmagala 11,122

Jarajilla 85,321

Hulugho Hulugho 24,474

Bodhai 5,351

Sangailu 27,192

Ijara Masalani 37,816

Ijara 13,402

TOTAL 727,771

1.4 Livestock and livestock population

The main livestock production system practiced in the county is extensive methods (pastoral nomadic) which are currently under threat due to the recurrent droughts, uncontrolled livestock diseases and population increased resulting in unplanned settlement along livestock grazing routes and environmental degradation by the large population of refugees hosted by the county. Main livestock species include cattle, camels, donkey, goat and sheep. Their number may fluctuate significantly depending on severity of droughts events in the county. The estimated livestock population in the county as per the 2009 human census since no livestock census has been conducted in the county.

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No Livestock Species Number

1 Cattle 816,617

2 Sheep 942,732

3 Goats 1,294,687

4 Camels 261,100

5 Donkeys 160,000

6 Poultry 11,415

8 Bee Hives 10,632

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CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Contingency Planning and Drought Cycle Management

NDMA will promote different approaches/tools that address the underlying structural causes of vulnerability and reduce the impacts of shocks. In this regard, the use of drought risk reduction, climate change adaptation and social protection strategies all have an important role to play at different times and in different ways in reducing vulnerability and building resilience. NDMA will support the integration of these three strategic areas in a more comprehensive manner in order to strengthen people’s resilience to climatic shocks (As indicated here below).

The ultimate objective of the drought response system is to promote early mitigation efforts that reduce the time that elapses from the point when warning of drought stress is given and the point when response at county level starts. Drought mitigation activities will take a livelihood perspective and be specifically designed to support local economies and promote linkages with long-term development strategies. This is expected to reduce considerably the losses of assets by households during drought crises and contribute to enhance resilience. The rationale of this approach is based on the fact that the benefits of investing in early response by subsidizing the livelihoods/ local economies exposed to drought risks are much higher than if intervening in a late stage to provide emergency humanitarian aids1.

The contingency planning process adopted by NDMA is based on the drought cycle management approach, which can be understood in terms of five phases that can be categorized into normal, alert, alarm, emergency, and recovery, with different types of interventions tailored to the various phases. DCM describes in a general way how to reduce vulnerability (& increase resilience) of populations to drought through proper planning. The aim is also to use funds more effectively: making investment in drought preparedness during the normal and alert stages means that less money should have to be spent during the emergency phase. Early warning systems and the warning

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stages that are derived from them are an effective way of triggering interventions to manage drought.

Each EW phase will require specific drought mitigation activities to support livelihoods and minimize depletion of assets. Some drought management models run together ‘alert’ and ‘alarm’ warning stages as a single stage. This simplifies the warning stages but it loses a sensitive transition and decision point since the alert stage is extremely important for early action that can reduce the later social and economic impact of drought, saving people and money. Running ‘alert’ and ‘alarm’ together as a single stage disguises this trigger. 2.2 Drought Early Warning Phase Classification

In order to determine the early warning phase, there is need to measure and combine the drought indicators related to the 4 classes of indicators proposed for the decision mechanism (see below)

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2.2.1ENVIRONMANTAL INDICATORS 2.2.1.1Meteorological Drought Indicators

The TAMSAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using Satellite and other data) rainfall estimation method is Africa based on the recognition of storm clouds in the thermal IR imagery and calibration against ground-based rain gauge data. A rain rate is associated with all clouds colder than a prescribed temperature threshold

2.2.1.1.1Standard Precipitation Index (SPI)

SPI is standardized anomaly, equivalent to the statistical Z-score, representing the precipitation deficit over a specific time scale, such as 3, 6, 9, or 12 months, relative to climatology (McKee et al., 1993). Drought classification by SPI-3month values and their thresholds (adapted from McKee 1993)

Rainfall estimate based on TAMSAT (actual versus long term average, MARCH to MAY 14)) FOR GARISSA

2.2.1.2 Agricultural Drought Indicators

Quantitative drought indicators based on vegetation status

Earth observation (EO) satellites measure the radiation reflected by the Earth surface. Usually, the radiation is measured within discrete spectral bands. The reflectance properties vary with the state of the surface (e.g. vegetation canopy). This permits characterizing the state of the Earth surface over large areas with high revisit frequency (e.g. daily observations by medium resolution satellites). Combining several spectral bands (e.g. red and near-infrared) in so-called vegetation indices (e.g. NDVI) further increases the link to ground state conditions (e.g. vegetation stress).

Color SPI Values Rainfall Category > +1.5 or more Strongly above normal 1 to +1.5 Above normal -1 to 1 Normal -1.5 to -1 Below normal <-1.5 Strongly below normal

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2.2.1.3Vegetation Condition Index

This indicator is suitable to measure the status of pasture and therefore can be used to assess grazing resources available to livestock. The Vegetation Condition Index is based on the relative NDVI change with respect to minimum and max historical NDVI value. The NDVI of a given week is compared to the minimum NDVI found in the archive (of that week: NDVImin) and the maximum NDVI found for that week (NDVImax).

Drought classification by VCI-3month values and their thresholds-GARISSA

Color VCI values Drought Category 3-monthly average

≥50 Wet 35 to 50 No drought 25 to 34 Mild Drought 10 to 24 Severe <10 Extreme Drought

2.3 Measuring Socio-Economic Effects

The impacts and implications of deviations in environmental indicators are basically demonstrated in socio-economic indicators performance in the two livelihood zones of the county that are predominantly dependent on environmental indicators. The table below describes each indicator of socio-economic effects of drought under the three classes proposed in chapter 1 (Production; Access; and Utilisation).

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Table: EW Phase Classification - Suggested Indicators of Socio-Economic Effects of Drought

INDICATOR CLASS

Drought Indicator Data Collection Assessment of Thresholds

Production indicators

Livestock migration

Show the pattern of livestock migration in relation to access to wet and dry season grazing

Average distance and pattern of migration assessed against baseline data (migration pattern during normal periods)

Milk production

Record milk production per unit and production levels over time.

The recorded value is compared to the long term average milk production for the period

Livestock body condition

Use body condition scoring and standard variables e.g heart girth, weight, lactation status

Baseline survey will help to determine what range of variation can be expected during what kind of drought condition, thereby providing data to help establish aggregation and threshold criteria

Livestock deaths

Record quantities and trends over time. Calculate mortality indices and use this to trigger response.

Use significance levels. Analyse correlation between deaths and vector of community level covariates to get predictable variation in mortality experience

Actual planting date

The median actual planting date of key staple crops will be determined.

The median actual planting date will be assessed against the baseline normal. The average deviation will be used to assess if a threshold has been crossed

Area planted

Record actual area planted for each crop.

Area planted will be compared to baseline values and assessed as a percentage change.

Actual harvest

Actual harvest quantities for each crop will be compared to long-term averages.

Total harvest will be compared to baseline values and assessed as a percentage change.

Access indicators

Price of cereals

Each market/community should have their prices recorded and changes over time noted.

Season-normalized baseline data will be used in marginal agricultural livelihoods to identify significant deviations above the normal range of food prices within an area.

Livestock terms of trade

Record weekly prices for livestock and cereals to calculate to ToT

Season-normalized baseline data will be used to identify significant deviations from the normal range of ToT within an area.

Availability of cereals and legumes

Record average quantity per household or survey unit. Data will be used to create a food balance sheet.

The item balances on the food balance sheet will tell if the household is in an adverse situation. Baseline data will help to thresholds for each community, derived from the percentage change in the food items in the FBS.

Availability of water

List all the water sources and monitor changes in each source and number of sources. Thresholds will be based on the percentage change in number of sources and ratios of gender fetching

Medium

Milk consumption

Record the % of sampled households that reported regular milk consumption. Include record of milk

The normalised baseline is compared to actual milk consumption for the period

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INDICATOR CLASS

Drought Indicator Data Collection Assessment of Thresholds

consumption by children

Availability Indicators

MUAC The middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used to show the malnutrition levels among young children. This is compared with the standardized MUAC for age Z-scores.

Threshold will be based on percentage change in the MUAC for Age Z scores (MAZ)

Coping Strategy Index

The coping strategies section covers questions on unintended dietary change or livelihood strategies. Thus households are asked how often they have been forced to rely on less preferred foods than normally consumed, to borrow or purchase food on credit, to reduce the number of meals, and to limit portion size or skip a whole day without eating due to lack of money or food

2.4 Methodology to Establish Early Warning Phase Classification

2.4.1Establishing deviation from the long-term average

For all the major indicators monitored in the monthly data collection, current observations are compared with long-term average or baseline data. The data variations are analysed to determine whether the changes significantly deviate from the long term average for the specific period of the year. This helps determine whether changes recorded are normal occurrences in the communities interviewed or whether they should be considered as early warning concerns. It also helps indicate whether problems identified are chronic and therefore needing long term solutions, or whether they indicate a crisis or emergency situation that could stress normal coping mechanisms. Baseline data is available for the major monitoring indicators.

The level of each of the quantitative indicators is interpreted relative to their long term rolling average. A moving average is commonly used with time series data to smooth out short-term fluctuations and highlight longer-term trends or cycles, and it is calculated using at least 10 years data (depending on availability of reliable data), for each of the livelihood zones. The long term mean is used to compare the level of the current year’s indicators deviation from the ‘normal’ or long term average.

The historical reference data is, therefore, used as a baseline that allows us to interpret EW info against a reference trend line. It allows a comparative analysis in the level of EW indicator trends, the direction and magnitude of change, and the rapidity of change. For example when a sharp rise in the price of cereal is reported in a given month relative to the trend line in an arid county, this should ring a bell indicating the need for close monitoring of the magnitude of the indicator fluctuation range and the cause of that fluctuation. This is because deviation from the historical reference alone does not tell us whether the magnitude of the price change is abnormal and if it is

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series

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due to drought and/or some other reasons, thereby warranting drought response interventions, or whether the deviation is within the normal range.

Indicator Fluctuation Range

Jan Dec

The indicator fluctuation range shown in Fig above allows us to visually perceive the deviation from the reference. It also allows an interpretation of whether deviations are ‘abnormal’ or whether they are normal at that time of the year. The normal ranges are calculated using the standard deviation(σ)of the time series defined as the prediction interval between which 95% of values of a time series fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a sample value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values. The reference range is therefore obtained by measuring the average and taking two standard deviations either side of the mean.

The magnitude of the deviation indicates how many standard deviations a current observation is below (or above) the historical average.

Normal ranges are calculated for each indicator and for each livelihood zone. In a normal year, indicators are expected to fluctuate within the normal range. Fluctuations outside the normal range are normally a cause for alarm that should indicate the need to closely study the drought and food security situation, with a view to adjusting the warning level. However, determination of warning levels relies not just on quantitative indices but on qualitative ones as well.

While comparison of quantitative early warning data with baseline or long term references provides a systematic way of identifying significant changes, qualitative information is essential in beefing up the quantitative analysis. The information is mainly used for triangulation and verification of quantitative data from households and markets for each livelihood zone.

Qualitative data is obtained from discussions with key informants. It is also obtained from field monitors’ and data analysts’ field reports and is based on observation and discussions with the members of the local community. Information from other agencies is also considered. Generally, the data analyst includes a brief explanation to qualify each significant movement in the main indicators, thereby using the qualitative information to back up the quantitative data.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_interval

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The following tables provide guidance in the establishment of the drought phase; the first table refers to livestock based livelihood and the second one to agricultural marginal areas. The set of indicators for the two livelihoods can be used and combined in the case of agro-pastoral livelihoods.

The following table provides guidance in the establishment of the drought phase with regard to livestock based livelihoods

EW PHASE INDICATORS BIOPHYSICAL THRESHOLDS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS

NORMAL All environmental indicators are within seasonal ranges

SPI-3month: -0.09and above VCI: 40 and above

N/A

ALERT Meteorological drought indicators moves outside normal ranges

SPI3month: below -0.09 RFE: < 80% of normal Weather forecast: rainfall below normal

N/A

ALERT WORSENING

Agricultural and hydrological drought indicators moves outside normal ranges

VCI-3month: below 31 zVI-3month: below -056 Water availability : declining, below normal

N/A

ALARM Environmental and at least two production indicators are outside normal seasonal ranges

VCI-3month: below 30 zVI-3month: below -055 Water availability : inadequate

Livestock Migration: animals start to migrate to more distant bad-year grazing areas Livestock body condition: score below normal per the period Milk Production: at least x standard deviation (σ) below the normal range for the period

ALARM WORSENING

If in addition to two production indicators, at least two access indicators (impact on market and access to food and water) are outside the normal ranges, then the phase status remains at “alarm” but with a worsening trend. The trend will be further worsening when also one or more availability indicators (impact on nutrition and on coping strategies) move outside the normal range,

SPI: 3-6month > -0.98 VCI-3month: below 30 State of pasture: poor and inadequate Water Access: the average distances to water sources more than x σ

Livestock Migration: animals continue to migrate to more distant bad-year grazing areas Livestock body condition: score below normal per the period Milk Production: > x σ below historical average for the period Livestock mortality rate: at least x σ outside normal range for the period Milk consumption: >x σ decrease from long term average for the period. Terms of Trade: at least x σ above the normal ranges for the period Availability of cereals and legumes: food balance sheet shows < ?% of normal food amount for the period Coping Strategy Index: ?? MUAC: at least x σ outside








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normal range for the period EMERGENCY All indicators are outside normal

ranges. The emergency phase affects asset status and purchasing power to extent that seriously threatens food security. As a result, coping strategy index, malnutrition (MUAC) and livestock mortality rates move above emergency thresholds

VCI: below 20

Coping Strategy Index: emergency threshold MUAC: > x σ outside normal range for the period

RECOVERY

The drought phase must have reached at least Alarm stage. Recovery starts after the end of drought as signalled by the environmental indicators returning to seasonal norms; local economies starting to recover;

SPI-12month 0.09 and above VCI-3month: above 50

N/A


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CHAPTER THREE: CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Overview

The county is principally a arid area falling within ecological zone V-VI and receives an average rainfall of 275 mm per year. There are two rain seasons, the short rains from October to December and the long rains from March to May. Rainfall is normally in short torrential downpour making it unreliable for vegetation growth. The southern parts of the County such as Hulugho, Masalani and Bura receive more rainfall than the northern parts. Balambala and Fafi Constituencies practice rain-fed agriculture on small scale. During the dry season, there is a general migration of livestock from the hinterland to areas near River Tana where water is readily available. The county has over the years experienced a number of disasters including recurrent drought, flood, conflict and disease outbreaks. Disasters are expensive and usually divert development funds. There is need to allocate adequate resources to mitigate them and develop resilience mechanisms.

3.1 Livelihood zones

Nomadic pastoralism is the backbone of the Garissa economy. However, the County can be divided into five distinct livelihood zones (LZ):

1. Pastoral - All Species 2. Formal Employment/Casual Waged Labour/Business 3. Pastoral - Cattle/Sheep 4. Agro Pastoral

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3.1.1 Population per Livelihood zone per Division in the County

Livelihood Division Population Sub-total Proportion

Pastoral - All Species Banane 23,631

Dadaab 156,992

Jarajila 85,321

Liboi 21,122

Modogashe 48,327

Shanti-Abak 36,246

Sub-Total 371,639 51%

Pastoral Cattle & Sheep Hulugho 24,474

Sangailu 27,192

Ijara 13,402

Sub-Total 65,068 9%

Pastoral Camel & Goats Bura-Garissa 25,982 25,982 4%

Agro-Pastoral Balambala 35,807

Danyere 28,991

Sankuri 20,598

Bodhai 5,351

Kotile 4,206

Sub-Total 94,953 13%

Formal Employment & Urban Centres Garissa Central 136,608

Masalani 33,610

Sub-Total 170,218 23%

TOTAL 727,860

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3.1.2 Pastoral all species Livelihood Zone

The Pastoral - All Species LZ hosts half of the county population and is generally inhabited by members of the Somali ethnic community. Their settlement patterns are as follows; nomadic (85%), fully settled (10%), out-migrant labour (3%) and in-migrant labourers (2%). The livelihood zone is characterized by thick vegetation cover that support livestock fall backs during the drought periods though accessibility is hindered by water shortages and long distances. Markets are a major contributor to household food in the Pastoral - All Species LZ. Between 80-100% of maize, beans and other pulses, roots and tubers, wheat products and fish are purchased from the market. On the other hand, almost all the milk and dairy products (90%) are from own livestock production (see Figure below)

Livestock and crop production activities

Livestock is the major source of income in the Pastoral - All Species LZ, providing approximately 72% of household income. A mix of livestock; camels, sheep, goats, cattle and donkeys are reared in this LZ. However, goats are the highest source of food (50%) from livestock, followed by sheep (30%), cattle (15%) and camels (5%). Similarly goats are the highest contributors (55%) to household income from livestock, followed by cattle (25%), sheep (15%), and camels (5%) (see table below ).

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Sources of income

Livestock production is the major income earner, contributing approximately 72% of the total household income. Firewood collection/charcoal burning is important and contributes around 15% of household income while the rest of the sources contribute 13%.

Crops production contributes only 5% to household income. Both long rains and short rains are equally important in crop production in this LZ. The rice crop provides the highest contribution (80%) to both household food and income from own crop production. Green-grams (10%), cowpeas (7%) and sorghum (3%) have minimal contribution to household food and income (see Figure 4).

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SOURCE ; MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

3.1.3. Formal Employment/ Casual Waged Labour/Business Livelihood Zone

The Formal Employment/ Casual Waged Labour/Business LZ is found around Garissa town and Masalani mainly inhabited by the Somali ethnic community (82%). The rest of the population (18%) is made up of minorities from inside and outside the County. The majority (75%) of the population is settled while about 10% are in–migrant and 15% out-migrant laborers. Most of the foods consumed in these urban households are purchased from the markets. Cereals, pulses, fish and cooking fats are all purchased from the market place with over 80% of the meat, milk, fruits and vegetables also being purchased from traders.

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The major sources of income in the Formal Employment/ Casual Waged Labour/Business LZ are small businesses (25%), formal waged labour (22%), casual waged labour (17%) and petty trading (15%), with other sources making up 21%. Small business and waged labour are more important in this LZ than in the pastoral zones due to the presence of the major formal institutions, medical facilities and private sector established.


Food crops provide only 5% of household income in this LZ. Bananas, melons, tomatoes and mangoes are cultivated under irrigation. In addition, large amounts of bananas and mangoes are imported from other regions and districts, particularly from the neighboring Tana River District. Bananas are the most important source of income (50%) from household crop production, followed by mangoes (30%), tomatoes (15%) and melons (5%). Similarly, bananas are the highest

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contributors to household food (40%), followed by tomatoes (30%), mangoes (20%) and melons (10%).

Livestock contribute only 1% of household income in the Formal Employment/ Casual Waged Labour/Business LZ. The major livestock kept in the LZ are cattle, sheep and goats. Goats contribute 50%, sheep 35% and cattle 15% to income from livestock.

Markets serving the LZ

Four markets: Suq Mugdi, Iftin, Garissa Ndogo and Garissa Town, Masalani town serve the Formal Employment/ Casual Waged Labour/Business LZ. Livestock trade takes place in Garissa Ndogo and Garissa Town markets, while poultry, farm produce, and labour are traded in all four markets. Farm inputs are traded in Suq Mugdi.

3.1.4. Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep Livelihood Zone

The Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep LZ mainly comprises of the Somali ethnic community. Approximately 92% of the population is nomadic with only 5% being fully settled. The remaining proportion (3%) is composed of migrant laborers and internally displaced persons. Over 90% of the beans, maize, rice, sorghum, wheat products, fruits and vegetables that are consumed in the Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep LZ are purchased from the markets. Meat, milk and other dairy products are largely from household production.

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Source: ALRMP

3b) Sources of income

Livestock production is the main source of income in the LZ, contributing almost 80% of the total household income. Other activities that contribute to income include small businesses, casual waged labour and food crop production (see Figure 11).

source :ALRMP

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Livestock production is the most important economic activity in the Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep LZ, contributing approximately 80% of household income. Households in the Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep LZ keep an average 30 cattle, 60 sheep, and 10 goats per household. Sheep are the highest contributors to household income (60%), followed by cattle (20%), goats (15%) and camels (5%). Likewise, sheep are the highest contributor to household food (55%) from livestock, followed by goats (25%), cattle (15%) and camels (5%).

Sources: alrmp2

Food crop production contributes approximately 5% of household income. The main crops grown in this LZ are maize and cowpeas, which are grown during both short and long rains. Maize contributes 95% of both household food and income while cowpeas contribute the remaining 5%.


Three markets, Modogashe, Garissa and Dadaab, Masalani and balambala serve the Pastoral – Cattle/Sheep LZ. Livestock and food produce are traded in the three markets, while labour exchange and farm produce trade take place in Garissa and Dadaab markets. Farm inputs are mainly obtained from Garissa.

23

3.1.5 Agro - Pastoral Livelihood Zone

The Agro-Pastoral LZ hosts approximately 13% of Garissa county population. It is mainly inhabited by members of the Somali ethnic group, who form 98% of the population. Most members of the community are either semi-nomadic (35%) or fully settled (30%). The LZ also settles internally displaced persons, who form a significant proportion of the population (15%). Out-migrant labour constitutes 15%, while in migrant labourers are about 5% of the population. Most foods consumed in the Agro-Pastoral LZ households are obtained from the market. The fish, wheat and almost all roots and tubers (99%), beans (80%), and maize (83%) are purchased from the market. Significant amounts of fruits (95%), milk and dairy products (70%), sorghum and millets (50%), and vegetables, (50%) are obtained from household production.

Source; Ministry of agriculture

Sources of income

Crop production is the main source of income in this LZ and contributes 50% of the total household income. Other important sources of income include livestock production (15%) and remittance and gifts (10%). Firewood collection, petty trading, small businesses and casual waged labour contribute approximately 5% while other activities contribute 5% to household income (see Figure 15).

24


Food crop production contributes nearly 50% of household income in the Agro-Pastoral LZ. Bananas provide the highest contribution (40%) to household income from household production. Tomatoes paw paws, mangoes and melons are important cash crops, jointly contributing 55% of household income with other crops contributing 5% of income. On the other hand, rice is the highest contributor (35%) to household food from followed by maize

(25%), bananas (15%), tomatoes (10%), cowpeas (7%) and other crops (8%). Bananas, pawpaw, tomatoes and rice are grown under irrigation while sorghum and cowpeas are cultivated under rain-fed conditions. A large percentage of the land is left fallow, both on rain-fed and irrigated farms.

source: MOA 2011

25

Livestock production contributes approximately 15% of household income in the Agro-Pastoral LZ. The average household keeps 10 goats, 20 sheep and 25 cattle. Cattle and cattle products provide the highest proportion of household food (70%) from livestock (see Figure 17). Likewise food products from cattle contribute approximately 50% of household income.

source; ministry of Livestock

4e) Markets serving the LZ

Three major markets, Wajir, Mwingi and Garissa, serve the Agro-Pastoral LZ. Garissa is the most active in livestock trade, although poultry trade takes place in all the markets. Crop produces retails in Garissa, while trade in farm inputs and labour exchange takes place in both Garissa and Mwingi markets.

3.1.6. Pastoral - Camel/Sheep/Goats Livelihood Zone

The Pastoral - Camel/Sheep/Goats LZ is mainly occupied by members of the Somali ethnic group. Approximately 96% of the population is nomadic, with the rest either fully settled, internally displaced or migrant labour. The meat and milk products consumed within the Pastoral – Camel/Sheep/goats LZ are from their own household production while beans, rice, vegetable and wheat are all purchased from the market. Most of the maize, pulses and sorghum (80-95%) are also purchased from the market.

26

source; ministry of Livestock

Sources of income

Livestock production is the main source of income, contributing approximately 55%. Other significant sources include remittances and gifts (10%), firewood collection/charcoal burning (8%), and a mix of other activities (27%).

27


Livestock production is the most significant economic activity and provides about 55% of household income. Goats provide the highest contribution to income (50%), followed by cattle (25%), sheep camels (20%) and sheep (5%). Goats also provide the highest contribution to food (55%) from household livestock production, followed by sheep (30%), cattle (10%) and camels (5%) .

source; ministry of Livestock and ministry of Agriculture

Crop cultivation is not widespread in this LZ, contributing only 5% to household income. However, cowpeas, green grams and sorghum are grown under rain fed conditions during the long and short rains. Sorghum provides the highest contribution to both income and food (60%) from household crop production.


Two markets, Garissa and Dadaab, serve the Pastoral – Camel/Sheep/goats LZ. Trade in livestock, farm produce and labour takes place in the two markets. Retail of farm inputs is mainly carried out at the Garissa market.

Livestock and crop production constrains

Various constraints limit the main economic activity of animal husbandry (in order of importance):

• shortage of pasture and browse • endemic livestock pests and diseases • insecurity/raid risk of holding animal stock • shortage of animal drinking water

28

• poor/low yielding animal genetic stock Crop production is constrained by:

• endemic crop pests or diseases • lack of access to markets, low producer prices • low quality seed stock and planting materials • low technical skills, knowledge • lack of reliable water, unfavourable climate

3.2 Wealth Breakdown for the Reference Year (2011-2012)

Livestock ownership is the main factor determining wealth in this Livelihood Zone. In the reference year (March 2011 to February 2012) the wealth breakdown based on livestock ownership was:

Total Livestock Holding Wealth Breakdown

TLU TLU/person % of HHs % of pop

Very Poor 2.8 0.4 35% 20%

Poor 18 (?)2 1.8 30% 25%

Middle 44 2.9 20% 26%

Better Off 88 3.9 15% 29%

TLU (Tropical Livestock Unit): camel=1; cattle 0.7; shoat= 0.1

It should be noted that the differences per person between the poor, middle and better off are not all that large (only 2.2 times higher for the better off compared to the poor). The practice of marrying more wives and increasing household size as livestock are accumulated tend to reduce the holding per capita among the better off groups.

3.3 Source of food for the Reference Year (2011-12)

2 The wealth ranking seems overestimating the average herd size owned by the various wealth groups (e.g. poor household owning between 6-12 camels)

29

For the very poor the single most important source of food is food aid, followed by purchase. Consumption of wild fruits provides an important source of calories. For the middle and better off households milk and meat account for roughly 50% of total food consumed.

3.4 Source of Cash for the Reference Year(2011-2012)

The following graph provides a breakdown of total cash income according to income source.

Annual Income

(Ksh)

40,000-60,000

80,000-120,000

135,000-185,000

200,000-280,000

The middle and better off derive most of their cash income from the sale of livestock, with very little diversification into other income sources. For the very poor, self-employment provides the main source of cash income (charcoal burning, mat and basket making, brewing, etc.)

30

3.5 Expenditure Patterns for the Reference Year (2011-2012)

The following graph provides a breakdown of total cash according to categories of expenditure

All groups, apart from the very poor, spend similar amounts per capita on roughly the same food basket and non-food items. These findings indicate with the exception of the very poor there are not big differences in standard of living between the wealth groups.

31

CHAPTER 4: SECTOR INTERVENTIONS

4.1 Livestock Sector

Introduction

Climatically, Garissa county falls under Ecological zones -IV to VI (pratt &gwynne)w . it is characterized by a bimodal rainfall of between 300—400mm per annum. Temperatures range from 20 to 39 °C. the Mean annual evapo-transpiration rate is 2600-2800 mm /annum.

The Main economic activity is livestock production. Pastoral-nomadic is the common system of grazing.

Irrigated agriculture takes place along the banks of the two permanent Rivers in Garissa Mandera counties

There are pockets of rain fed agriculture in other districts but is faced with the challenges of inadequate rainfall.

Garissa county is home to 816,617 Cattle: 942,732 Sheep: 1,294,687 Goats: 261,100 Camels and 160,000 Donkeys.

The county has vast grazing lands suitable for pastoral production; however in the past decade massive livestock loses have occurred due to frequent and severe droughts experienced. This has resulted in impoverishment and urgent need for contingency measures.

There has been no major outbreaks of livestock diseases though cases of CCPP, CBPP, LSD, FMD,camel and goat pox are reported.

Due to the existence of a riverine area fodder production is being practiced in 3 sub-counties of Balambala, Garissa and Fafi.

The county on yearly basis sells livestock to markets and consumption areas worth between Ksh 1.5-2.4 billion.

32

Drought losses

The livestock sector over the many past decades has experienced massive losses to drought. In the most recent occurrence of 2011, lagdera Sub County, for instance lost over 50% of its cattle herds to drought. Drought is the single most destructive hazard to livestock production. It is for this reason that contingency plans are necessary.

GARISSA COUNTY LIVESTOCK SECTOR PLAN: LIVELIHOOD ZONES 2014: PASTORAL

Drought phase’s indicator

Drought phase Threshold indicator

Alert

• Erratic, low quantity ,poorly distributed rains

• Rainfall less than 25% of seasonal expectation

• Scarce poor quality pasture. Animals trek 2 days for pasture

• Water scarcity in pans in grazing areas.

• Water scouting increases in suspected rainfall areas

• Deteriorating but Fair livestock body condition(LBC)

Alarm

• Rainfall performance poor. • Cessation period arrives and

passes. • Forecasts are of depressed

rains

Early alarm

• very few pans with water • Pasture depletion in many areas

reported • Trekking for water towards the

river increases. • 10% of household can access

camel milk Late alarm

• Livestock disease outbreaks common

• Out migration of livestock increases

• Poor body condition of livestock (BCS of <2 in cattle)

• Low prices for livestock • All water pans dry • Livestock Watering Pressure on

boreholes is tremendous • Camels watered beyond 7 day

33

interval • No milk available.

Emergency

No rains

Forecasts are on drought

Early emergency

• Increased migration to meru,isiolo,merti,tana river,ijara,somalia

• Deaths reports of weak livestock reported

Late emergency

• Livestock disease outbreaks increased

• Poor body condition of livestock<1.8

• Low prices for livestock • All water pans dry • Conflicts for resources increased • Watering Pressure on boreholes

is high • No milk available • Massive Livestock deaths

reported Recovery

Abundant rains

Evenly distributed

Early recovery

• Pasture regrowth begins • In migrations reported • Water pans are full Late recovery

• Body condition of livestock improves

• livestock prices rise • milk availability improves • perennial grasses grow • breeding occurs in livestock

34

LIVESTOCK SECTOR PLAN ;

EW PHASE:

ALERT

Code Proposed Intervention

Activities When Objectives Timeframe Trigger Target Population

Cost

(Ksh)

Define roles and responsibility

LALT1 Commercial livestock off-take Support.

• Sensitization/awareness creation on off-take to the community • Engage with DLMC, livestock

traders and community livestock marketing groups to activate livestock off-take And establishing trader subsidy regimes and monitoring systems

• Routine repairs and Maintenance of stock route structures and other market infrastructure

• Alert late stage with seasonal forecast of depressed rainfall for the next rainy season

• Sell livestock when price and body condition are favourable for better income • Provide funds for procurement

of water,drugs, and other needs for remaining herds. • Reduce pressure on the

environment- scarce pasture and water resources • To encourage a saving for

disaster culture in the community

Three months

SVI is between

-0.84 and -1.27;

Weather forecast rainfall below long term mean

non- breeding herd, mainly cattle 6,100: 12,000 small stock and 120 camels

57 m

Community role

• Present animals to market • Herd culling

GOK role (DLPO/DVO)

• Capacity building • Livestock market information collection

and dissemination • Grants and loans for destocking Donors role

• Funding for above Source for funding and community mobilization.

35

Disease surveillance

• Field sampling and disease situation monitoring • Activation of community disease surveillance and reporting committees • procurement and Stocking of drugs and vaccines and the mobilization of resources for vaccination • for - Transport and staff; •

• • To enhance disease control • To inform procurements of

drugs for vaccination and treatments • To facilitate planning for

vaccinations and treatments

16 months SVI is between

-0.84 and -1.27;


170,000 cattle; 440,000 small stock: 40,000 camels

5m Community roles

• Strengthen disease control committees

• Report on disease incidences GOK role (livestock dept)

• Disease surveillance and reporting Donor/NGO role

• Funding for the emergency response. • LOGISTICS

LALT2

Vaccinations and treatments

• procurement and Stocking of drugs and vaccines and the mobilization of resources for vaccination • development of crushes • logistical preparation for - Transport and staff; • Actual Mass vaccination, and treatments, deworming and tick control

• To reduce morbidity and mortality by targeting 25% of cattle : 30% the small stock and 25% of camel population

1month Reports from the field

200,000 cattle; 430,000 small stock: 90,000 camels

15 m Community role

• Present livestock for vaccinations and treatment

• Observe quarantines GOK role (SCLPO/SCVO)

• Provision vaccines and facilitation for vaccination

• Disease surveillance and reporting Donors role(FAO ,

• Funding for the emergency response. NGO roles

• Funding for the emergency response. • Logistical support

LALT3 1.Provision of livestock

• Procurement and stocking of mineral and vitamin

Alert early stage, with

• Boost livestock immunity during drought period to

Throughout the Alert

SVI is between -

Goats/sheep 20 m Community role

36

feed supplements

supplements for at risk livestock population. 45% of smallstock,35% of cattle:40% of camels

• Distribution of feed supplements to feeding centers

seasonal forecast of depressed rainfall for the next rainy season

reduce morbidity and mortality • Provide nutrients not readily available in pasture •

phase and alarm phases

0.84 and -1.27;


930,000

Cattle:

270, 000

Camels:

104,000

• Organize receipt and distribution at local level .

• Provide storage where necessary GOK role (DLPO/DVO)

• Distribution of feed supplements Donors/NGO role


2. strategic water supply to at risk livestock herds

• Rapid assessment of livestock water situation and needs for next 3 months • Water trucking to needy areas • Capacity building for water use associations • Procurement of water storage and treatment facilities • Repairs /Construction of structures at water sources. • Procure/ Ensure strategic water storage tanks are in working order

Alert late stage, with seasonal forecast of depressed rainfall for the next rainy season

• To enhance access to water during drought periods for both domestic and livestock uses

3 months SVI is between -0.84 and -1.27;


livestock:

Cattle 160,000

:small stock 530,000: Camels 56,000

Donkeys 52,000

16 M Communities/

Water user Associations roles

• Management of water sources • Reporting and community level coordination • Basic repairs and maintenance • Local resource mobilization Donors

• Trainings and capacity building • Support on acquisition of fast moving spare

parts GoK- water dept

• Technical support and coordination • Support on acquisition of parts • Law enforcement especially on protection of

water sources

37

EW PHASE:

ALARM



Cost

(Ksh)


LALM1

subsidized commercial off-take

• Sensitization/awareness creation on off-take to the community • Engage with DLMC, livestock

traders and community livestock marketing groups to activate livestock off-take And establishing trader subsidy regimes and monitoring systems

• Engage livestock sector departments to do disease control, and surveillance • Routine repairs and Maintenance

of stock route structures and other market infrastructure


• Sell livestock when price and body condition are favourable for better income • Provide funds for

procurement of water ,drugs, and other needs for remaining herds. • Reduce pressure on

the environment- scarce pasture and water resources • To encourage a saving

for disaster culture in the community

Three months SVI is between

-0.84 and -1.27;


non- breeding herd, mainly cattle-9,000 and small stock-20,000

50 m

Community role

• Present animals to market • Herd culling

GOK role (DLPO/DVO)

• Capacity building • Livestock market information collection

and dissemination • Grants and loans for destocking to, LMAs

& DLMC Donors role

• Funding for above Source for funding and community mobilization.

38

LALM2

Conflict prevention and resolution

• Activation of community peace committees

• Reporting on tension and flare ups

• Community conflict prevention barazas

• Early alarm period

• To reduce resource use conflicts

6 months • Escalating drought situation

• Reports from conflict hotspots

Whole county

4m Community roles

• Conflict reporting • Resource management GOK/ Provincial administration

• Peace building • Enforcements ad peace restoration • Capacity building of communities on conflict

prevention and peace building • NGO/DONORS • Funding and logistics

LALM3

Procurement and hay distribution to the remaining breeding herds ,the lactating and calves

• (publicity) • Dispatch /Transport/Distribute/

animal feed, water and related services to strategic locations (destocking markets, migratory routes and households for remaining herds)

• Facilitation of Monitoring staff

• Initiated at Alarm Early Stage

• Protection of the livestock herds

• Maintain production at the households to sustain nutrition statuses

Throughout the alarm phase and on-set of emergency

SPI Between -0.83 and -1.27

SVI Between 0 and -0.83

Rainfall Anomaly Between 10 and 25% and Negative weather forecast.

19,500 cattle : 42,500 small stock

185,000 bales

10 M Community role





39

LALM4

Strategic water supply to livestock

Water trucking to affected settlements @ 5 strategic sites /sub county. Total 35 sites

• repairs and maintenance of water sources.

• stockpiling of fast moving spares.

• Alarm Late Stage

• Water provision for livestock at strategic grazing areas and along migratory routes

• To ensure strategic water supply sources are operational

Alarm Late Stage through to end of Emergency



Increasing distance to water sources (Average Distance More than 16 KMs)

the remaining herd

15M Community roles.

- Provision of unskilled labor - Daily management of water sources - Basic maintenance of boreholes - Conflict management

GoK/ Water providers

- Activate rapid response teams - Rehabilitation and repairs of boreholes - Training water users on basic

maintenance - Provision of water storage tanks in

strategic areas - Continued stockpiling of fast moving

spares - Repairs and maintenance of water

bowzer Donors role

- Funding for above NGO roles

- Facilitate rapid response teams. - Support water tankering and repairs

activities. - Capacity-build community water user

groups.

EW PHASE:

EMERGENCY


Activities When Objectives Time Frame Trigger Target Population

Cost

(Ksh)


LEMR slaughter • Participatory establishment with community of purchase

• Beginning of the

• Provide relief meat and/or cash to benefit

• Duration of the Emergency

SPI Between -0.83 Cattle 9,5 00 50 M Livestock Council and LMAs.

40

1 destocking prices,catergories ,numbers and locations for destocking • beneficiary households targeting. • Engagement with relief committees • Actual slaughter and distribution. • Train and equip 30 community members to dispose dead animals

Emergency Phase

the community • Disposal of dead animals to minimize public health issues

Phase and -1.27



• Declining ToT (<50%)

• LBC Less Than 1.8

Shoats-

25, 000

- Community mobilization/publicity Community role

- Identification of beneficiary households with view to targeting most vulnerable

- Engage relief committees - Disposal of dead animals - Selection of slaughter sites

GOK role(DVO/DLPO)

- Consultation with the community on purchase prices,numbers,types and locations.

- Provision technical back up & emergency fund

- Capacity building meat relief committees - Facilitate meat inspection along with

public health. Donors role

- Funding for the emergency destocking. NGO roles

- Funding,community mobilization and capacity building.

LEMR2

Procurement and distributionof hay

• publicity • Dispatch -Transport/Distribute • Facilitation of Monitoring staff

• In entire emergency Stage

• Protection of the livestock herds

• Maintain production at the households to sustain nutrition statuses

Throughout emergency

6 months



Rainfall AnomalyBetween 10 and 25% and Negative weather forecast.

1% of cattle:0.5% small stock Herd.

650,000 bales

80M Community role





41

LEMR3

To provide curative treatment to all surviving livestock population.

• Continued disease surveillance • Treatments • monitoring

• Early Emergency

• To minimize/reduce mortality of core breeding herd

• Throughout Emergency into early Recovery

• SVI<-1.28 And SPI<1.28 and Rainfall anomaly <50% and weather forecasts are negative • Declining ToT (<50%) • LBC Less Than 1.8

of the surviving herds

10M Community role




• Disease surveillance and reporting Donors role(FAO ,



LEMR4

Strategic water supply to livestock

Water trucking to affected settlements

• repairs and maintenance of water sources.

• stockpiling of fast moving spares.

• Entire emergency Stage



Throughout Emergency into early Recovery



Increasing distance to water sources (Average Distance More than 30 KMs)

the remaining herd








bowzer Donors role

- Funding for above

42

NGO roles



groups.

EW PHASE:

RECOVERY


Activities When Objectives Trigger Target Population

Cost

(Ksh)


LREC1 restocking and redistribution of livestock herds to 1,800 vulnerable households

• Participatory Identification of most vulnerable households who lost livestock to drought for restocking.

• Support community led restocking initiatives

• Early recovery phase.

• To facilitate households asset build up and sustainable livelihood.

• 1month • SVI<-1.28 And SPI<1.28 and Rainfall anomaly <50% and weather forecasts are positive

1,800 HH with 10 goats

20M Community roles

- Identification of beneficiaries targeting the most vulnerable.

- Mobilize community contribution from able community members.

GoK/DLPO

- Sustain livestock extension services - Train beneficiaries on livestock

husbandry - Provide market information - Promote pasture/fodder production. - Livestock disease surveillance

Donors role

- Funding community led NGO roles

- Capacity-build rangeland user associations

Support conflict management initiatives

43

LREC2 Range Rehabilitation/conservation of strategic grazing areas

• Procurement and provision of range land reseeding materials.

• Range land reseeding • Promotion of grazing

management • Support community initiatives

on pasture and feed rehabilitation.

Throughout recovery phase

To enhance pasture and fodder production and utilization

3months • SVI<-1.28 And SPI<1.28 and Rainfall anomaly <50% and weather forecasts are positive

5400HH engaged.

10M Community role.

- Identify and agree on rehabilitation sites. - Initiate and support traditional grazing

management initiative. - Open up the rangeland for pasture

production. - Formation of pasture and grazing

management committees. - Develop intra and inter community

pasture management protocols - Establish pasture seed banks for

sustained supplies. - Pasture/fodder seed bulking

GoK/DLPO

- Awareness creation on suitable pasture varieties.

- Support procurement, supply, and transportation of pasture/fodder planting material.

Donors role

- Funding for above NGO roles

- Capacity-build rangeland user associations

- Support conflict management initiatives.

Promotion of fodder production and conservation in bura & balambala

• Procure fodder planting materials

• Facilitate staff for promotion activities

•

Throughout tr recover phase

To conserve pasture for next season

6 months • Favourable forecasts

• Adequate rains

40 farms 7.5m Community role



• Distribution of planting materials • Promotion of fodder planting

44

• Construction of fodder storage structures Donors/NGO role

• Funding for the response. • Logistical support

Support to livestock marketing

• Construct livestock market at balambala

From early recover

To facilitate trade in the region

3 months • 1 market 3m Community role

• Organize marketing activities • Provide site for market GOK role (DLPO/DVO)

• Construction of market structures Donors/NGO role

• Funding for the response. • Logistical support

LREC3 • Disease control

To provide prophylaxis and curative treatment to the returning herd population.

• On set of recover

To reduce livestock diseases outbreaks and mortality rates.

• 3Months • SVI<-1.28 And SPI<1.28 and Rainfall anomaly <50% and weather forecasts are positive

All surviving livestock

12M Community role




• Disease surveillance and reporting Donors role,



45

LREC4 Strategic water supply to livestock

• Development of water sources-desilt 10 strategic 20,000m3 water pans& 2 boreholes

• Throughout recovery phase

• To improve access to water resource for livestock production

• 3months • SVI<-1.28 And SPI<1.28 and Rainfall anomaly <50% and weather forecasts are positive

Target 15% of livestock herds both small and large stock








bowzer Donors role

- Funding NGO roles



groups.

46

ALERT PHASE BUDGET

CODE

Proposed Intervention

Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total

Cost

Notes

LALT1 commercial off-take Workshop for livestock traders DLMC,Gok and pastoralist representatives to plan activation of livestock off-take activity 50pers

workshop

3

150,000

450,000

Publicity of the off-take intervention ln benane, Shantabak, and m/gashe divisions

barazas 50 60,000 3,000,000 Community Barazas

Local FM radio publicity

10 50,000 500,000 Local fm stations advertisements

Actual offtake cattle 2000 10,000 20,000,000

Lumpsum includes money for staff facilitation ad vehicle repairs as well as for 2 monitoring trips

Small stock 10,000 3,000 30,000,000

Staff facilitation

lumpsum 3,400,000

Maintenance of holding grounds and other market infrastructure

Infrastructure

lumpsum 1,400,000

Sub Total LALT1 Sub Total 58,750,000

Disease surveillance i

• Field sampling and disease situation monitoring • Activation of community disease surveillance and reporting committees • logistical preparation for - Transport and staff;

Field surveillance trips

10 200,000 2,000,000 1 trip monthly

Monitoring and supervision

10 150,000 1,500,000 1 trip per quarter

Community motorbikes

2 100,000 200,000 For bura and ijara

47

Sub Total

3,700,000

Sub Total LALT1

LALT2 Vaccinations and treatments

Rapid assessments and mapping mission 2 250,000 500,000 Per diems for assessment team

Procurement of assorted other drugs 5 Lump sum 2,000,000

Vaccination CCPP dose 500,000 10 5,000,000 For goats and sheep

Vaccination PPR dose 700,000 10 7,000,000 For goats and sheep

CBPP dose 100,000 10 1,000,000 For bovines

Acaricides (pour on) Pour on 10,000 700 7,000,000 Tick control

Treatment for deworming litre 500,000 600 3,000,000 All species

Construction/repairs of vaccination crushes crushes 20 100,000 2,000,000

Treatment for trypanosomiasis vial 10,000 250 2,500,000 Mainly camels

Multi-vitamin vial(100ml) 10,000 250 2,500,000 All species

Aerosol spray can 1,500 300 450,000 Mainly cattle and camels

Antibiotics (20%) Vial (100ml) 4,000 350 1,750,000 All species

Equipment (syringes, drenching gun, etc) lot 5 50,000 250,000 Kit of equipment

Transport repairs car 20 15,000 3,000,000

Team facilitation allowances days lumpsum 3,750,000

48

Contingency 0%

Sub Total 41,700,000

LALT4 Strategic water provision for livestock

Rapid assessment to monitor status of water points in strategic water corridors and grazing

Field visits 2 250,000 500,000 County steering group

Water trucking for strategic trade corridors 7 s/c - 3,000,000 21,000,000 gen sets, solar pumps,

Capacity building for water user association Training 14 200,000 2,800,000 2 sites per sub-county

Procurement of water storage tanks 10m3 for strategic trade corridors

Plastic tanks 70 200,000 14,000,000

To be placed in strategic water corridors/points.

Procurement of fast moving spares for selected b/holes

assorted 3,000,000

Rehab of water sources, water-pans, springs, shallow wells

assorted 2,000,000

Sub Total LALT4 43,300,000

ALERT PHASE TOTALS 144,450,000

ALARM PHASE BUDGET

49

CODE


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total

Cost

Notes

LALM2 CONFLICT PREVETION

Community barazas on peace building @2 meetings per sub county

barazas 14 200,000 2,800,000 From the alarm through the emergency

Peace monitoring Surveillance trips @ 2/sub-county

Surveillance trips

14 200,000 2,800,000

Sub Total LALM1 5,600,000

LALM1 subsidized commercial off-take

• Sensitization/awareness creation on off-take to the community in 7 sub-counties •

barazas 14 50,000 700,000 At 2 meetings per sub county

• Engage with DLMC, livestock traders and community livestock marketing groups in 7 subcounties

workshop

7 200,000 1,400,000 • to activate livestock off-take

And establishing trader subsidy regimes and monitoring systems

• Actual offtake

Cattle 3,000 10,000,000 30,000,000

Small stock 10,000 3,000 30,000,000

• Routine repairs and Maintenance of stock route structures and other market infrastructure

7sc 200,000 1,400,000 7 selected strategic market points


LALM3 Hay provision and feed supplementation

Procurement of hay bales bales 10,000 250 2,500,000

Distribution of hay bales to needy areas Trips/various 7sc 200,000/sc 1,400,000 Includes transport charges,per diems etc

Monitoring of distribution and utilization of hay@2 trips/ sub-county for 7 sc.

7sc Trips 3 250,000 750,000

50

Procure mineral blocks 2.5kg block 3,000 500 1,500,000 Provided to livestock generally

Procure survival mash 70kg bag 1,000 4,500 4,500,000

Range cubes 70kg bag 1,000 2,500 2,500,000

13,150,000

LALM4 Strategic water supply to livestock

Facilitation for Transport and per diems Lump sum 2,500,000 hire, repairs, per diems

Procurement and stockpiling of spare parts , replacement tanks etc

Spares Assorted Lump sum 15,000,000 Gen sets, solar pumps,

Repairs and maintenance of water sources along stocked routes and trade corridors

Sub counties 7sc 500,000 3,500,000


ALARM PHASE TOTALS 103,250,000

EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET

CODE


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total

Cost

Notes

LEMR1 slaughter destocking

• Participatory establishment with community of purchase prices,catergories ,numbers and locations for destocking

barazas 14 trips 150,000 2,100,000 @2 trips/sub county

51

• beneficiary households targeting. • Engagement with relief committees

Community meeting trips

7sc 200,000 1,400,000 @ 1 trip /sc

• Actual slaughter and distribution. Purchase of livestock

3000 cattle,

10,000

30,000,000

10,000 goats

2,500

25,000,000

Facilitation of staff

7sc 300,000 2,100,000 hIre of transport,vehicle, repairs: staff per diems

• Train and equip 30 community members to dispose dead animals@ 2 trainings/sc

s/c workshops

14 300,000 4,200,000

Sub Total LEMR1 64,800,000

LEMR2 Hay provision for needy livestock:

5,000 heads of cattle:10,000 sheep

Procurement of hay bales

Distribution of hay bales to needy areas

Monitoring of distribution and utilization of hay

Sub Total LALM2

bales 200,000 250 50,000,000

Trips/various 7sc 500,000 3,500,000 Includes transport charges,per diems etc

trips 14 150,000 2,100,000

55,600,000

LEMR3 Vaccinations and treatments

Rapid assessments and mapping mission 7 200,000 1,400,000 Per diems

Vaccination CCPP dose 100,000 10 1,000,000 For goats and sheep

52

Vaccination PPR dose 200,000 10 2,000,000 For goats and sheep

CBPP dose 100,000 10 1,000,000 For bovines

Deworming litre 3,000 600 1,800,000 All species

Tick control litre 3,000 700 2,100,000 Pour on

Treatment for trypanosomiasis vial 2000 250 500,000 Mainly camels

Multi-vitamin vial(100ml) 2,000 250 500,000 All species

Aerosol spray can 2100 300 630,000 Mainly cattle and camels

Antibiotics (20%) Vial (100ml) 2,000 350 70,000 All species

Equipment (syringes, drenching gun, etc) lot 7 50,000 350,000 Kits of equipment

Transport repairs car 7sc 400,000 2,800,000 7sub-counties@ 600,000 each

Team facilitation allowances 7sc 400,000 2,800,000


LEMR4 Strategic water supply to livestock

Water trucking to shortage areas 7sc 1,000,000 7,000,000 CSG working teams

Procurement and stockpiling of spare parts /tanks Spares Assorted 1,000,000 10,000,000 Gen sets, solar pumps,

Repairs and maintenance of water sources 7sc 5,000,000 3,500,000


EMERGENCY PHASE TOTALS 452,555,500

53

RECOVERY PHASE BUDGET

CODE


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total

Cost

Notes

LREC1 restocking and redistribution of livestock herds to 800 vulnerable community members

• Awareness creation and .beneficiary targeting@2 main barazas/ sub-county

barazas 10 250,000 2,500,000

Participatory Identification of most vulnerable households who lost livestock to drought for restocking

Support community led restocking initiatives Goats 4000 2,000 8,000,000 1800 households restocked

Staff facilitation for destocking@3 trips/ sub-county

Trips 10 300,000 3,000,000


Range Rehabilitation/conservation of strategic grazing areas

• Procurement and provision of range land reseeding materials.

SEEDS assorted 500/kg 2,500,000

Chloris sudan grass and Eragrostis for 7sub -counties

•

• Promotion of grazing management@ 2barazas/sc

Barazas 10 50,000 500,000 Grazing councils strengthened

Support community initiatives on range rehabilitation.

groups 20 200,000 4,000,000 Groups funded to do reseeding

Sub Total 7,000,000

LREC3 • Disease control To provide prophylaxis and curative treatment Drugs 7sc assorted 3,000,000 5,000,000 Purchase of various drugs as informed by

54

to the returning herd population. surveillance reports

Staff /vehicles facilitation

7sc

7sc

500,000

3,500,000 Staff allowances,fuel,vehicle repairs

Sub Total 8,500,000

LREC4 Strategic water supply to livestock

• Development of water sources- 10 strategic waterpans ;2 boreholes

Water pans 1 6,000,000 6,000,000

boreholes 1 6,000,000 6,000,000


Promotion of fodder production and conservation.

in garissa, bura & balambala sc farms 10 300,000 3,000,000

In balambala sc construct 10,000 bale capacity hay store

Hay store 3 500,000 1,500,000

Staff /vehicles facilitation

3sc

3sc

500,000

1,500,000 Staff allowances,fuel,vehicle repairs

Sub Total 6,000,000

Support to livestock marketing

Construct livestock market at balambala market 1 2,000,000 2,000,000

55

GARISSA COUNTY : LIVESTOCK SECTOR BUDGET……….. (KSHs) 781,555,500

LIVESTOCK SECTOR BUDGET SUMMARY

Phase Cost Alert 144,450,000 ALARM 103,250,000 EMERGENCY 452,555,500 RECOVERY 81,300,000 TOTAL 781,555,500

Sub Total LREC4 2,000,000

RECOVERY PHASE TOTALS 81,300,000

56

4.2 Health and Nutrition Sector

Good health care services are mostly in the urban areas. The average distance to the nearest health facility is 35Km. Most of the health facilities are along the river where there are settlements. The number of trained health personnel is also very low with the doctor population ratio being currently 1:41,538 while the nurse population ratio is 1:2,453. The health care in the province is provided by a mix of public, private, traditional health care systems and NGOs (especially in the refugee camps). The private health facilities are mainly confined at the big commercial centers and very few small towns. Government health facilities provide over 90% of the health care in the region. County has one Provincial General Hospital (level 5) situated at the county Headquarters Garissa town that serves patient from Mandera, Wajir, Kitui, Tana River county as well as the refugee population and neighbouring countries. The biggest challenges in providing health care services in the county are, the vastness of the region with poorly developed road networks, frequent diseases outbreaks which are frequently brought about by poor sanitation, influx and the presence of large population of refugees from the neighbouring countries, recurrent disasters like drought and floods which are a major occurrence in the county and are development challenge within the county since this diverts development resources and productive labour in the delivery of services. In addition other major challenges are severe shortfall of trained health personnel and high level of staffs’ turnover couple with inadequate human resource personnel and insufficient funding from the Government.

During the drought diarrheal diseases outbreaks occur due to many factors which revolve around poor hygiene practices (knowledge, attitude and perception) among the community members. Many efforts have been undertaken by different actors to mitigate against the problem but gap exists especially in community mobilization on house hold water quality improvement, hand washing at critical times, waste management and good health and hygiene behaviors. The interplay of the above factors with reduced access to nutritious foods during this period manifest mostly in Children below the age of five years, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly through acute malnutrition which has been a long standing problem in the county but escalates in drought situation. With Global Acute Malnutrition rates currently at 12% for our county1, this already put the county at an alert stage and there are ongoing efforts by MoH and implementing partners to address the situation.

The major opportunities in the county are the presence of major health partners like UNICEF, WHO, UNHCR, APHIA-plus IMARISHA which have their regional office in Garissa town and the presence of committed health personnel. Moreover, other opportunities are the low prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other tropical diseases along with many statics facilities and new districts hospitals put up Government and partners.

57

EW PHASE: ALERT Code Activities Proposed

Intervention When Objectives Timefra

me

Trigger Target Population cost Define roles and responsibility

LALT 1 Strengthen community health systems for early diagnosis, referrals, and follow-up disease outbreaks

- Conduct Integrated outreach services

Increase of New cases reported at the health facilities

- Prevent acute moderate malnourished children under five, lactating and pregnant women from eventually deteriorating to situation of severe malnutrition

Monthly -high cases of morbidity reported.

60% under-fives,70% adult treated at the health facility

10m MOH,UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS, WFP

LALT2 Disease hot spots mapping

Mapping of Hot Spots\ in terms of vulnerability to diarrhea, polio, measles disease outbreak

Increase in morbidity is noted at the HF level

To identify areas those are highly vulnerable to disease outbreak

Monthly Increase in disease cases/ suspected case noted

Whole county 5M MOH, UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS,

LALT3 To monitor and control water quality/surveillance

Water quality testing and monitoring(using portable PAQUALAB)

Regularly on monthly basis

150 water samples collected and tested for bacteriological analysis

Monthly A noted increase in diarrhea and typhoid

80% of the water sources

1M MOH, UNICEF ,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS,

LALT4 To increase knowledge and skills for hygiene and sanitation in the community

Capacity building of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on hygiene promotion.

500 CHWS (10 two day long trainings to enhanced capacity of CHWs.

Yearly Poor hygiene practices

80% of the villages 2M MOH, UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS,

LALT5 To increase knowledge and skills for hygiene and sanitation in schools

Conduct hygiene promotion campaigns in schools

Monthly in schools starting immediately

Safer school environment for learning

Monthly Poor hygiene practices in schools

90% of all schools primary and secondary

3M MOH, UNICEF ,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS,

LALT6 To ensure there is enough stocks in case of an emergency

Stockpiling of NFI:Chlorine tablets, water filters, soap. Procure 4500 water

Immediately Improved water quality and hygiene practices

Ensure stocks are always in

Incidences of waterborne diseases.

50% of the households

2M MOH, UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS, WFP

58

filters 700 cartons of bar soap, 140 cartons of aqua tabs

place

LALT 7 Treatment of drinking water

-scale up behavior change communication to the vulnerable communities - Treatment of drinking water by boiling or use of chemicals Chlorination of shallow wells/institutional water tanks Distribution of chlorine tablets

Late Alert phase

-Reduce morbidity and mortality

ongoing outbreaks of non-communicable diseases

-Number of individuals reported with communicable diseases Target 90% of the shallow wells and institutional tanks

5M Sub-County health Management committee MOH, UNICEF ,MERCY-USA ,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT8 To increase latrine coverage in the county

Triggering 65 villages towards attaining open defecation free status.

Immediately Improve sanitation uptake. CLTS will help bring about

behavior change

April, 2014

Poor latrine coverage

80% of the households

4M MOH, UNICEF ,MERCY-USA ,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT9 To promote proper sanitation in schools.

Immediately Improve sanitation coverage in schools.The

five schools will be selected through WASH assessment

using micro RAT

By end of 2014

Improper sanitation in schools

5 schools per sub-county

5M MOH, UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT10 To promote proper sanitation in health centers

Support construction of double door sanitation facilities in 21 health facilities

Immediately Improve sanitation in health facilities CHW and

Health facility management committees will be trained on hygiene and sanitation

June, 2014

Poor sanitation in health facilities

3 health facilities per sub-county

5M MOH, UNICEF,MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT 11 Increased coverage of micronutrients supplementation

Supply of enough drugs at health facilities -ECD –school

Late Alert Stage

Reduce vulnerability through promoting improved care practices

After every six months

-High increase of underweight

-Under five children in ECD schools

10m DEO, Sub County Nutritionist, UNICEF MERCY-

59

and de-worming for young children and their mothers

supplementation with Vitamin A and dewormed and Zinc supplementation for diarrhea management

cases USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT 12 Strengthen coordination mechanism

-link nutrition & health actors and services for early warning system at sub-national and community

Early Alert phase

-Establish efficient coordination mechanism

Monthly Link nutrition and health actors

-Monthly meetings.

3M MoH, UNICEF, MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS

LALT 13 Support the MOH to carry out monitoring of the situation through sub-county monthly data gathering and reporting collation and analysis

Monthly data analysis and use of the same for decision making

Immediately Improve the quality of the data gathered regularly. Use data for decision making

Monthly Poor and incomplete data

Data from 100% of the health facility and 80% of the community units

3M MoH, UNICEF, MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS, WFP

EW PHASE: ALARM LALT 1 Capacity building for

health workers on Disaster Risk Reduction

-Organize workshop for health workers -On job training

Early Alarm

Increase knowledge on Disaster risk management

2-3 months Number of health worker trained on DRR

All health workers to be trained on DRR

5m Health management team(MOH)NDMA,UNICEF

LALT 2 CHEWs & CHWs to identify and refer malnourished children under five years, pregnant and lactating mothers

Retrain CHEWs and CHWs to identify and refer malnourished children

Early alarm

Ensure continued capacity enhancement in the community

By July, 2014 Increased cases of malnutrition in the community

80% of the under-fives, pregnant and lactating mothers

4M MoH, UNICEF, WFP, implementing partners

LALT 3 Community sensitization and mobilization to identify changes in health and nutrition status of the target population

-community sensitization meetings -sensitization through chiefs Barazas

Early Alarm

To ensure community support to identifying cases of malnutrition and diseases

3-4 months Increased cases of malnutrition and morbidity

80% of the under-fives, pregnant and lactating mothers, general population

2M MOH, Unicef, UNHCR, WHO, Implimenting partners

LALT4 Link with ministry of education for outreach activities to

Ministry education staff trained on screening and referral

Immediately

Sensitize and utilize the teachers for surveillance

By Dec, 2014 Increase in malnutrition and morbidity

90% 0f the school going children

3M MOH, WFP, UNICEF, MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KEN

60

ECD centers to enhance screening and referral

purposes YA RED CROSS

LALT 5 support sensitization of MtMSGs and CHCs to conduct community based surveillance for health and nutrition as well as support MYCF

Mother support groups and CHC trained on community based health and nutrition surveillance

By March, 2013

Unsure effective community based health and nutrition surveillance and support for MIYCN

By October, 2014

Increased malnutrition and morbidity cases

80% of under-fives, 80% of pregnant and lactating mothers

4M MoH, UNICEF, MERCY-USA,IRC,ACF,APD,KENYA RED CROSS, WFP

LALT 6 Periodic water Quality Surveillance.

- Taking samples -Analyzing -Advising on the source if contaminated -Check on water tankering

Early Alarm

Support control and prevent communicable diseases

Ongoing -Increase of water –borne diseases

-90% household to consume quality water

3m Public health(MOH),WESCOD,UNICEF

LALT 7 Prepositioning therapeutic/supplemental supplies.

- Procurement and distribution of nutrition supplies and equipment’s (Zinc Sulfate, Vitamin A, De wormers, RUTF, RUSF, CSB, Vegetable oil, Digital scale, height boards, MUAC tapes

Early alarm stage

Maintain supply chain of anthropometric equipment, therapeutic and supplemental commodities

1-3months No Breakdown of supply chain

Screening and Integrated Management of malnourished children

20m County nutritionist Implementing partners, UNICEF. Capacity working group

LALT 8 Expand/Establish supplementary and therapeutic feeding centre

-ensure all health facility act as supplementary and therapeutic feeding centres

Early alarm stage

Ensure the community can access services within the nearest HF

By July, 2014 Noted increase in cases of malnutrition

80% of the under-fives, pregnant and lactating mothers

4M MOH, Implementing partners, UNICEF,

LALT 9 Improved Infant and Young Child feeding practices

-Support appropriate complementary feeding -Formation of mother to mother support groups -Formation of fathers groups

Late Alarm phase

-Support the promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding

1-3 months Marketing of breast milk substitutes, low Exclusive breast feeding rates

Pregnant and Lactating mothers

7m MOH,UNICEF and supporting partners

EW PHASE: EMERGENCY LEM 1 Management of

moderate and Acute malnutrition and continued access to treatment

-Rapid screening on Hot spots area - Malnourished cases are screened, referred and treated according to standards at health facility

Early emergency phase

-Reduce Mortality and morbidity rate

1-3 months Increase in Mortality for under fives

Under fives 500,000 Sub-County Health Management team(MOH),supporting partners

61

and community level

LEM 2 Support referral mechanisms for severely malnourished and complicated disease cases from health facilities and outreaches sites(Children &PLW)

Referral mechanism in place to address any emergency

Early emergency

-Ensure timely referral of complicated cases -prevent deaths

1month Increased cases of malnutrition and morbidity

General population in the county

5M MOH, NDMA, UNICEF, Implementing partners

LEM 3 • Enhancement of nutrition and Disease surveillance

-Establish and strengthen ongoing nutrition assessment/surveillance mechanism -initial rapid assessment at the community

Early emergency phase

-To ensure continuous monitoring of new cases reported

ongoing To improve case finding reported

Under fives 3m MOH, NDMA, supporting partners

LEM 4 Nutrition Survey -Carry out Nutrition survey

Early Emergency

To determine the malnutrition rate

6months GAM>15% Under-fives ,pregnant and lactating mothers

15m MOH, IRC,UNICEF,KENYA RED CROSS,APD,HESED,

LEM 5 Establish Blanket supplementary feeding

Supplementary feeding of all under-fives, pregnant and lactating mothers

Early emergency

To save lives 6 months GAM>15% Under-fives ,pregnant and lactating mothers

15M MOH, WFP IRC,UNICEF,KENYA RED CROSS,APD,HESED

LEM 6 Joint Monitoring and supervision by Health Management team

-Sub County management health team support supervision to all health facility

Early Emergency

Strengthen health services offered in the health facilities

6 Months Health care services

Health facilities 3m MOH, supporting partners

LEM 7 Support weekly/bi-weekly and monthly coordination meeting as per need

Weekly/bi-weekly and monthly coordination meeting

Early emergency

Ensure coordinated response and avoid duplication of activities

1-3 months Increase case loads of malnutrition and disease to the emergency level

General population emphasis being the under fives, pregnant and lactating mothers and the elderly

2M MOH, WFP IRC,UNICEF,KENYA RED CROSS, APD,HESSED, NDMA

LEM 8 Provide logistical Ensure all the sites have Early Provide supplies 3-4 months Caseloads of All the under-fives, 5M MOH, WFP

62

support for transportation and storage of supplies

the requisite supplies emergency

to the point of use

malnutrition and disease within emergency threshold

pregnant and lactating mothers

IRC,UNICEF,KENYA RED CROSS, APD,HESSED,

LEM 9 Support weekly nutrition surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of the health and nutrition services to inform scaling up or scaling down response.

Weekly nutrition surveillance

Early emergency

Ensure data use for decision making

1 month Caseloads depicting emergency

Under fives and pregnant and lactating mothers

1m

MOH, WFP IRC,UNICEF,KENYA RED CROSS, APD,HESSED, NDMA

LALT 11 Close monitoring and supervision to ensure that the code on marketing breast milk substitute is adhered to

Monitoring of the code of marketing of the breast milk substitutes

Early emergency

Protect , promote and maintain appropriate Infant feeding in emergency

4 months Occurrence of a pronounced emergency where donations are received

All the pregnant and lactating mothers

2M MOH, UNICEF, Implementing partners

EW PHASE: RECOVERY LALT 1 Disease surveillance - Establish and strengthen

ongoing nutrition assessment/surveillance mechanism -initial rapid assessment at the community

Early recovery phase

To ensurecontinuous monitoring of new cases reported

6 months To improve case finding reported

All population 3m GOK and supporting partners

LALT 2 Food diversification -Health Education -Food demenstration


To enhance locally available food in production and utilization

2 months Need to use locally available food

Access sufficient safe and nutritious food

1M GOK and partners

LALT 3 Agricultural extension services promoting better crop diversity and biodiversity for improved nutrition

Health education to the community.


To reduce human diseases outbreaks and mortality rates.

Ongoing through recovery period

Improve knowledge and skills

Improved household food production and livelihood

4m GOK and partners

LALT 4 Follow up in the community

-CHW’s to do follow up in the community -Defaulter tracing in Immunization, nutrition, HIV


Reduce mortality and morbidity

Ongoing through recovery period

To reduce readmissions

All population 3m MOH, supporting partners

63

and TB

ALERT PHASE BUDGET

CODE Proposed Intervention Activities Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost

Notes

LALT1 Strengthen community health systems for early diagnosis, referrals, and follow-up cases with acute malnutrition

Organize and conduct Integrated outreach services

14 outreaches for six months

300,000 4,200,000 Outreaches are conducted twice in a months for 70 health facilities

LALT 2 Disease hot spots mapping Mapping of Hot Spots\ in terms of vulnerability to diarrhea, polio, measles disease outbreak

mapping of hot spots per SUB-county

1.43 per sub county

5M

LALT 3 To monitor and control water quality/surveillance

Water quality testing and monitoring(using portable PAQUALAB

150 water samples per month for six months

571,500 per sub county

1M To be conducted by the public health department

LALT 4 To increase knowledge and skills for hygiene and sanitation in the community

Capacity building of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on hygiene promotion.

500 CHWS (10 two day long trainings to enhanced capacity of CHWs.

17 trainings of 30 CHW each 294,118 per training

2M

LALT 5 To increase knowledge and skills for hygiene and sanitation in schools

Conduct hygiene promotion campaigns in schools

Monthly campaigns targeting 10 school/sub county =70 schools

100,000 per school 3M

LALT 6 To ensure there is enough stocks in case of an emergency

Stockpiling of NFI:Chlorine tablets, water filters, soap. Procure 4500 water filters 700 cartons of bar soap, 140 cartons of aqua tabs

Procure 14500 water filters 2700 cartons of bar soap, 1 cartons of aqua tabs

Appr0ximately 680, 000 per sub-county

2M

LALT 7 Treatment of drinking water scale up behavior change communication to the vulnerable communities - Treatment of drinking water by boiling or use of chemicals Chlorination of shallow wells/institutional water tanks Distribution of chlorine tablets

-Training on Behavior change communication -Chlorination of shallow wells and institutional water tanks on a regular basis -Distribution of chlorine tablets regularly

2.5M per sub-county

2M Sub-counties to prioritize interventions based on the identified gaps

LALT 8 To increase latrine coverage in the county Triggering 70 villages towards attaining open defecation free

CLTS in the villages targeting 10 villages per sub-county.

3M per county 2M

64

status. Includes construction material and technical support needed for the same

LALT9 To promote proper sanitation in schools. Support construction of VIP latrines in schools 5 schools *7 sub-counties

Improve sanitation coverage in schools.

600,000 per a block of VIP latrines in a school for 5*7 schools

5M The five schools will be selected through WASH assessment using micro RAT

LALT 10 To promote proper sanitation in health centers

Support construction of double door sanitation facilities in 21 health facilities

Improve sanitation

in health facilities CHW and Health facility management committees will be trained on hygiene and sanitation

3 health facilities per sub-county.

5M Sub counties with higher number of HF to have more HF targeted

LALT 11 Increased coverage of micronutrients supplementation and de-worming for young children and their mothers

Purchase of assorted essential drugs

Purchase of assorted essential drugs

5m 10m

LALT12 Strengthen coordination mechanism Coordination mechanism 1.2m 3m The coordination meeting to be held monthly for 12 months

LALT4 Support the MOH to carry out monitoring of the situation through sub-county monthly data gathering and reporting collation and analysis

Monthly data analysis and use of the same for decision making

Improve the quality of the data gathered regularly. Use data for decision making

IM per sub-county 3M This is to continue throughout the year

SUB TOTAL 47,200,000 ALARM STAGE BUDGET LALM1 Capacity building for health

workers on DRR Training health workers on DRR through workshops and On job training

On the job training and classroom training of the health facility staffs on IMAM, MIYCN record keeping and reporting

3m 5m

LALM 2 CHEWs & CHWs to identify and refer malnourished

children under five years, pregnant and lactating

mothers

Retrain CHEWs and CHWs to identify and refer malnourished children

Ensure continued capacity enhancement in the community through class room training and OJT

Classroom training 900 per sub-county *7 OJT 600,000 per sub county*7

4M

LALM 3 Community sensitization and mobilization to identify changes in health and

sensitization through chiefs Barazas and other public meetings

To ensure community support to identifying cases of malnutrition and diseases

A continuous activity targeting the community to create

2M

65

nutrition status of the target population

demand 1.14M per sub-county

LALM 4 Link with ministry of education for outreach activities to ECD centers to enhance screening and referral

Ministry education staff trained on screening and referral

Sensitize and utilize the teachers for surveillance purposes. This will include the Duksi teachers

1.29M per sub-county. 3M

LALM 5 support sensitization of MtMSGs and CHCs to conduct community based surveillance for health and nutrition as well as support MYCF

Mother support groups and CHC trained on community based health and nutrition surveillance

Unsure effective community based health and nutrition surveillance and support for MIYCN

-Initiation of mother support groups where none exist 10 per sub county -800,000*7 Training of the mothers -1200,000*7 Continued follow up -230000*7

4m

LALM6 Periodic water Quality Surveillance.

Analyzing -Advising on the source if contaminated -Check on water Tanka ling

quarterly 1.7m 3m

LALM7 Prepositioning therapeutic

supplies.

Procurement and distribution of nutrition supplies and equipment’s

Essential therapeutic foods for management of severe Acute malnutrition

8.14M per sub county *7

20M

Redistribution of commodities 2m 4m All health facilities proving the services

LALT 8 Expand/Establish supplementary and therapeutic feeding centre

ensure all health facility act as supplementary and therapeutic feeding centres

Ensure the community can access services within the nearest HF

2M per sub-county 4M

LALM 9 Improved Infant and Young Child feeding practices

Conduct food demonstration All mother support groups in all facilities

1m 2m All health facilities proving the services

LALM 10 Improve school health program

Accelerate integrated school heath program

5 health programs per sub county

400,000 4m Health programs initiated in all the sub counties

Sub-Total 55,000,000 EMERGENCY BUDGET CODE Proposed Intervention Activities Quantity Unit Cost Total

Cost Notes

LEM1 Management of moderate and Acute malnutrition and continued access to

-Rapid screening on Hot spots area - Malnourished cases are

Two hot spots area with cases of malnutrition

120,000 x7 x 3 months 500,000 To be carried out for three months

66

treatment screened, referred and treated according to standards at health facility and community level

LEM 2 Support referral mechanisms for severely malnourished and complicated disease cases from health facilities and outreaches sites(Children &PLW)

Referral mechanism in place to address any emergency

Ensure timely referral of complicated cases

-prevent deaths

-An ambulance on standby in all sub-counties-10M Referral health facilities well equipped -6M

5M

LEM3 • Enhancement of Disease surveillance

-Establish and strengthen ongoing nutrition assessment/surveillance mechanism -initial rapid assessment at the community

On job training to health workers and reporting system

1m 3M One month training

LEM 4 Nutrition Survey -Carry out Nutrition survey Twice in a year 3X2X7m 15m

LEM 5 Establish Blanket supplementary feeding

Supplementary feeding of all under-fives, pregnant and lactating mothers

To save lives Supplies -40M Logistics – 17M

15m

LEM 6 Joint Monitoring and supervision by Health Management team

-Sub County management health team support supervision to all health facility

Monthly supervision 1m 3M Minimum of 3 Sub-County health management team

LEM 7 Support weekly/bi-weekly and monthly coordination meeting as per need

Weekly/bi-weekly and monthly coordination meeting

Ensure coordinated response and avoid duplication of activities

710,000 per sub-county

2M

LEM 8 Provide logistical support for transportation and storage of supplies

Ensure all the sites have the requisite supplies

Provide supplies to the point of use

Construction of storage areas and equipping of the stores in place 1.71M*7 counties

5m

LEM 9 Support weekly nutrition surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of the health and nutrition services to inform scaling up or scaling down

Weekly nutrition surveillance Ensure data use for decision making

Data gathering, verification, quality assurance. 300,000 per sub-county Purchase of computers -200,000

1M

67

response. LEM 11 Close monitoring and

supervision to ensure that the code on marketing breast milk substitute is adhered to

Monitoring of the code of marketing of the breast milk substitutes

Protect , promote and maintain appropriate Infant feeding in emergency

Code monitoring – 300,000*7 Breast feeding promotion-4100,000*7

5M

LEM 12 Management and waste disposals at watering points

Massive carcasses’ and offal’s disposals at all watering point

Twice in a year 500,000x 7subcounties

1m

LEM 13 Improve hygiene and sanitation

Construction of toilets at permanent water trucking and IDP sites

140 Toilets 140X150,000 3M Improved hygiene

LEM14 Provision of non food items Purchase of non food items and water filters

assorted 1m per subcountyx7 counties

2m Non-food items purchased and distributed

SUB-TOTAL 60,500,000

RECOVERY BUDGET CODE Proposed Intervention Activities Quantity Unit Cost Total

Cost Notes

LALT1 Disease surveillance - Establish and strengthen ongoing nutrition assessment/surveillance mechanism -initial rapid assessment at the community

On job training to health workers and reporting system

1m 3m

LALT2 Food diversification -Health Education -Food demonstration

One cooking demonstration in all 70 health facilities

50,000 1m

LALT3 Agricultural extension services promoting better crop diversity and biodiversity for improved nutrition

Health education to the community.

-use of posters, brochure’s, barazas, media

2m 4m

LALT4 Follow up in the community

-CHW’s to do follow up in the community -Defaulter tracing in Immunization, nutrition, HIV and

Resources for follow ups for three months

1m 3m

68

TB SUB TOTAL 11,000,000

TOTAL FOR HEALTH SECTOR= 173,700,000

HEALTH SECTOR BUDGET SUMMARY


69

4.3 Water Sector

INTRODUCTION Garissa County is one of the areas that fall under the Arid and Semi-Arid parts of the country. It is generally referred to as a water stressed county. The population are depended upon livestock rearing and practice a Nomadic life. But those who live along the river are slowly integrating livestock keeping and crop production. Garissa County is composed of seven Sub –Counties namely: Township, Lagdera, Dadaab, Fafi, Ijara, Hulugho and Balambala and borders Somalia to the east, Wajir county to the north, kilifi to the south-east and Tana River to the south. The main water sources that serve Garissa county are ( Tana River, Boreholes, water pans, shallow wells and the benane springs. During the dry spell all water pans generally dry up and the communities that depend on these water sources access water through water trucking

The area experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with the long rains falling in the months of April and May and short rains during the months of October and December.

The area receives an average of 300mm of rainfall annually. The rainfall here has erratic patterns and sometimes frustrates pastoralists, who can move to other areas in search of water pasture along the banks of Tana River, Kora Park and sometimes to Somalia. The area is classified as an ASAL area. May to August months is the coldest season, while the other months of the year are hot with little variations in temperature of about 37o c on average.

The county rises gently from Tana River to the north- eastern direction. Most of the area is relatively flat. The area is characterized with short scattered shrubs and acacia trees, a characteristic of an arid area.

The soils are partly clay and mostly black cotton soils which are suitable for agriculture. There are no visible rocks within the county.

70

WATER SECTOR ANALYSIS OF TRIGGERS &INDICATORS (Pastoral & Agro-Pastoral Livelihoods) GARISSA COUNTY

Indicator Issues To Address

Warning Stage

Interventions Qualitative indicators

Drought Early Warning Phase

Objective assignation of drought phase

ALERT - Carry out assessment to identify specific areas - Identify the most vulnerable members of the community

in terms of population - Hold public Barazas to sensitize the community - Announce through mass media and local radio stations - Bring together all stake holders and make plans

- Rains come late and ceases earlier - Erratic rainfall - Water pans don`t impound enough water - Rains accompanied by lightning and thunderstorms and sometimes when there is no rain - Trees and plants don’t flower

ALARM -Resource Mobilization -Provision For Water Storage Tanks -Provision for water treatment chemicals - Identify and Designate water trucking sites -Provision for standby gen-sets - Provision for fast moving spares -Mobile water treatment machines and reverse osmosis machines be provided for desalination -Increase number of water bowsers -Open up water corridors - Repair hand pumps -Provide donkey carts

Volume of Water at pans decreases Movement of pastoralists from one place to where permanent water sources are Conflict over the dwindling water source Over population of both human and livestock at permanent water sources Trekking distance to water source increases Waiting time at water source increases Frequent reports of lack of water at some areas Pumping sets operating for longer hours

EMERG Increase water trucking vehicles Provide fuel subsidy for all water schemes Provide water storage tanks Provide medicine for human population Provide water treatment chemicals and desalinating

machines Evacuate people to more accessible areas where they can

get water by water bowsers Provide mobile sanitary facilities

- Activate rapid response teams - Rehabilitation and repairs of boreholes - Training water users on basic maintenance - Provision of water storage tanks in strategic areas - Continued stockpiling of fast moving spares - Repairs and maintenance of water bowzer

All water pans dried up Reported cases of death for both human and livestock population Frequent break downs of pumping sets Increased cases of conflict over water sources Conflict of human-livestock and wildlife population over water sources Combined effort by Water ministry and other stakeholders in assisting the most vulnerable members of

the community Closer of schools due to lack of water Increased number of pupils dropping out of school Increased cases of water related diseases Deforestation due to charcoal burning Over population at permanent water sources

71

RECOVERY

• Inventory, mapping and establishing status of different water sources • Capacity building for water user associations • Desilting and rehabilitation of strategic water sources. • Protection of open water sources. • Ensure strategic water storage tanks are protected by communities. • Opening up of Balambala canal • Drilling strategic boreholes

Enhanced supply of water Members of the community trained Continuous operation of pumping sets without disruption of water supply Strategic water sources protected and mapped The status of water sources in the entire county harnessed Enhanced rainfall

72

WATER SECTOR PLAN: LIVELIHOOD ZONES: PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORRAL

EW PHASE: ALERT Code Proposed

Intervention Activities When Objectives Timeframe Trigger Target

Population Cost (Ksh)


.assessment & sensitization

- Carry out assessment to identify specific areas

- - Identify the most vulnerable

members of the community in terms of population

- - Hold public Barazas to

sensitize the community - - Announce through mass

media and local radio stations

- - Bring together all stake

holders and develop mitigation measures


• To make people aware of the impeding drought. • Develop an action plan by

various stake holders

In the alert period


40% of the total population

Community role • Strengthen CDRR at grass roots •

GOK role (MEW&NR) • Capacity building • Provde information\ • Offer technical advice/services Donors roles (KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for funding and community mobilization • Funding for above .

EW PHASE: ALARM Code Proposed

Intervention Activities When Objectives Timeframe Trigger Target

Population Cost (Ksh)


• • • Activation of

measures for supporting communities

-Resource Mobilization -Provision For Water Storage Tanks -Provision for water treatment chemicals - Identify and Designate water trucking sites -Provision for standby gen-sets - Provision for fast moving spares -Mobile water treatment machines and reverse osmosis machines be provided for desalination -Increase number of water

• Initiated at Early Alarm Stage

• Reduce pressure on the available/ existing water sources

• Generate cash for provision of water

• Cushion against loss of life


Weather forecast rainfall not expected soon

40% of population with preferences to domestic and livestock use

Community role • Strengthen CDRR at grass roots •

GOK role (MEW&NR) • Capacity building • Provde information\ • Offer technical advice/services Donors roles (KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for funding and community mobilization • Funding for above .

73

bowsers -Open up water corridors - Repair hand pumps -Provide donkey carts

Strategic water supply to human and livestockpopulations

• Activation of emergency /contingency boreholes

• unlimited Water tankering in important grazing areas and where there are settlements

• Activate and facilitate the Rapid Response teams to monitor and carry out repairs and maintenance of water sources.

• Continued stockpiling of fast moving spares.




through to the end of Emergency

Negative weather forecast. Increasing distance to water sources

40% of the most vulnerable members of the community

Community role. - Provision of unskilled labor - Daily management of water sources - Basic maintenance of boreholes - Conflict management

GoK/ Water providers - Activate rapid response teams - Rehabilitation and repairs of boreholes - Training water users on basic




bowzer - Facilitate rapid response teams. - Support water tankering and repairs


groups. Donors/ KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for

• • • EW PHASE: EMERGENCY



Cost (Ksh)


LEMR1 Accelerated emergency water activities

Increase water trucking vehicles

Provide fuel subsidy for all water schemes

Provide water storage tanks Provide water treatment

chemicals and desalinating machines

Evacuate people to more

• Beginning of the Emergency Phase

• Reduce both human and livestock mortalities as a result of dehydration

• Duration of the Emergency Phase

• Total failure of Rainfall and Negative weather forecasts • Declining/dimini

shing water sources in terms of availability

40%

Livestock Council and LMAs. - Community mobilization/publicity

Community role - Identification of beneficiary households

with view to targeting most vulnerable GOK role(/CG

- Consultation with the community on purchase prices of spare parts.

- Provision technical back up & emergency

74

accessible areas where they can get water by water bowsers

Provide mobile sanitary facilities

fund - Capacity building of water committees

Donors role/ KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for

- Funding for the emergency response. - Funding and community mobilization and

capacity building. • Continued consultation with

community (publicity) and dissemination of information especially on location of supply centers • Continued and enhanced Dispatch /Transport/Distribute water and related services to strategic grazing areas and water points. • Enhancement of sustained monitoring and reporting

• Throughout the Emergency phase

• Reduce both human and livestock mortalities as a result of dehydration

• throught the Emergency Phase

• failed Rainfall and negative weather forecasts

• Declining/diminished water sources

25% of the core population

Community role - Identification of beneficiary households

with view to targeting most vulnerable - Engage drought response committee - Identify the supply sites for water trucking

GOK role(DVO/DLPO)

- Continued consultation with community (publicity) and dissemination of information especially on location of supply centers.

- Continued and enhanced dispatch /Transport/Distribute/, water and related services to strategic areas and water points.

Donors KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA,,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). )Funding and community mobilization and capacity building.

Strategic water supply to livestock and human population

• Operationalization of emergency /dry season boreholes • Limited Water tankering in important grazing areas and where there are settlements • Continued facilitation of the Rapid Response teams to monitor and carry out repairs and maintenance of water sources. • Continued stockpiling of fast moving spares.

• Early Emergency

• Sustained water supply to the most vulnerable members to minimize loss of life due to dehydration

• Throughout Emergency

Failed Rainfall and negative weather forecasts • Declining/diminished water sources • Increased Distance to water sources more than 40 KMs

40% of the total population

Community role. - Provision of unskilled labor - Daily management of water sources - Basic maintenance of boreholes - Conflict management

GoK/ Water providers - Activate rapid response teams - Rehabilitation and repairs of boreholes - Training water users on basic



75

• Provision of fuel/lubricants subsidies for motorized boreholes and river fed water supplies.

spares - Repairs and maintenance of water bowzer

Donors role(KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA,,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). • acilitate rapid response teams.

- Support unlimited water tankering and repairs activities.

- Capacity-build community water user groups.

EW PHASE: RECOVERY



Cost (Ksh)


Facilitate community initiatives on sustainable water supply

• Link households targeted by water trucking and other safety net programs.

• Support WUA • Identify most vulnerable

households in terms of accessibility to safe and portable water

• Support community led water sources initiatives

• Carry out capacity building activities

•


• To facilitate households asset build up and sustainable livelihood.

• Throughout recovery period

• Rainfall is normal and weather forecasts are positive.

40% Community roles - Identification of beneficiaries targeting

the most vulnerable. - Mobilize community contribution from

able community members. GoK/CG

- Sustain provision of water services - Train beneficiaries on waater magement

skills - Provide market information - Promote pasture/fodder production. - Livestock disease surveillance

Donors role(KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for

- Capacity-build rangeland user associations Support conflict management initiatives

• Inventory, mapping and establishing status of different water sources • Capacity building for water user associations • Desilting and rehabilitation of strategic water sources. • Protection of open water sources. • Ensure strategic water storage

Community role. - Identify and agree on rehabilitation sites. - Initiate and support waterg management

initiative. - Open up the water corridors - Formation of/strengthening WUAs

GoK/CG - Awareness creation on suitable water

supply.

76

tanks are protected by communities.

- Support procurement, supply, and transportation of spare parts/ new gen-sets.

Donors role(KRCS,CARE ,VSF,MERCY USA, USA,NDMA), ( , , World Vision,, LWF,CRS UNICEF, CG). Source for

- user associations - Support conflict management initiatives.

ALERT PHASE BUDGET CODE


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost(kshs)

Notes

Activation of preparedness/supporting to WUAs

Organize workshop with WUAs and community representatives to plan activation of contingency boreholes

Workshop

7

300,000 2,100,000

workshops in Garissa

Carry out assessment to identify targeted people

assessment 7 200,000 1,400,000 Inclusive of all logistics(transport & /Diems

Alert community DRR structures to publicize the drought interventions

Barazas L/s 1,000,000 Baraza include community meeting plus advertisement

Radio L/s 500,000 Mass media Maintenance of existing water facilities and other infrastructure

Infrastructure 50 1,000,000 50,000,000 Servicing of gen-sets, repair of

infrastructure Sub Total 55,100,000

Procure surface pumps 10 250,000 2,500,000 Procure oils and lubricants L/s 3.000.000 Procure fast moving spares L/s 5,000,000 Procure submersible pumps Spares 10 450,000 4,500,000 Sub Total 15,000,000

Rapid assessments and mapping Assessment L/s 3,000,000 Inclusive of all logistics(transport & /Diems Activation of preparedness measure for strategic water supply to livestock

Field visits L/s 4,000,000 Inclusive of all logistics(transport & /Diems

Rapid assessment to monitor status of water points (transp., per diems, security, stationary)

Field visits L/s 2,000,000

Procurement and stockpiling of spare parts Spares 5,000,000 capacity building for water user association Training L/s 2,000,000 procurement of water storage tanks 10m3 Plastic tanks 500 88,000 44,000,000 Sub-Total 60, 000,000

77

CODE Proposed Intervention

ALARM PHASE BUDGET Activities

I Tem

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Notes

Procure new gen-sets New sets 10 1,500,000 15,000,000 Continued provision for fast moving spare L/s 3,000,000 Drill contingency boreholes and equip 3 6,000,000 18,000,000 Activate and facilitate RRT 5,000,000 Inclusive of fully equipped vehicle Fuel for water trucking L/s 20,000,000

Repair of water bowsers Repair 10 1,000,000 10,000,000 Sub-Total 71,000,000 EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET CODE


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Notes

Provide chemicals for water treatment 2,000,000 Inclusive of chemicals and transportation Fuel subsidy all water schemes Fuel 200,000 100 20,000,000 For seven sub-counties Mobile sanitary facilities Latrines L/s 1,000,000 Cont`d and enhanced distribution of water Clean water L/s 20,000,000 Cont`d stockpiling of fast moving spares Spares L/s 1,000,000 Sub-Total 44,000,000 EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET CODE


RECOVERY PHASE BUDGET Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Notes

De-silting of water pans 10 4,000,000 40,000,000 Construction of new mega water dams 2 50,000,000 Drilling of new boreholes and equip 3 6,000,000 18,000,000 construct and equip shallow wells 5 2,000,000 Provide de-salinating machines 5 3,000,000 15,000,000 Construction of major pipeline masalan - Ijara 1 50,000,000 Construct VIP latrines 20 200,000 4,000,000 Construction of major pipeline nanighi- Fafi 1 60,000,000 To be verified by BQs Construction of major pipeline Sankuri - Nunow 1 30,000,000 To be verified by BQs Construction of major pipeline River Tana-

Balambala 1 40,000,000 To be verified by BQs

Monitoring & Evaluation L/s 5,000,000 Sub-Total 309,000,000 Grand =Total 554,100,000

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4.4 Agriculture Sector

Introduction:

Background information

Garissa County is located on the southern end of the North Eastern Region. The county borders

Somali to the East, Lamu County to the South, Tana River County to the West, Isiolo County to

the North West and Wajir County to the North. The county covers an area of 44,175 km2 with a

population of 623,060 persons (2009 census)

The county lies within Agro-Eco-Zones IV, V and VI and it has an average bimodal annual rainfall

ranging between 250 mm and 350 mm. Temperatures are relatively high, ranging between 28oC

and 38oC with mean annual Evapotranspiration of 2,600 mm and a poverty index of 64%.

The potential arable land in the county is 649,000 Ha with a total area exploited under rainfed

farming of 11,445 Ha.

Subsequently, the County has a potential irrigable land of 42,300 Ha with an exploited area

under irrigation being 3,466 Ha.

Small scale subsistence farming is practiced with livestock rearing being dominant.

Irrigated farming is practiced through irrigation along Tana River. Rain fed farming is done

further inland away from the riverine in riverbeds, flood plains and depressions where laghas

discharge run-off water.

Drought tolerant crops such as maize (Katumani, KCB, DH01, DHO2, PH04, PH01, DLCI, Duma

43, Duma 41, PAN 4-M19), Cowpeas, Green grams, Millet and Sorghum are mostly grown.

Most of the irrigated land is under high value horticultural crops such as mangoes, tomatoes,

bananas, pawpaw, onions, capsicums and melons while main food crops grown are sorghum,

maize, cowpeas, and green grams.

Department Mandate/scope of work

Our mandate as a department is to promote and facilitate production of food and agricultural

raw materials for food security, employment creation, income generation and poverty

reduction in Garissa County.

79

AGRICULTURE SECTOR CONTIGENCY PLAN (a) (IRRIGATED –FAFI & BALAMBALA AND GARISSA SUB COUNTIES) INDICATORS

Alert stage Alarm stage Emergency stage Recovery stage • Inadequate and poorly distributed

rainfall • Low water levels of Tana river • Post harvest crop loss • Predetermined weather forecast • Emerging pests and diseases in farm

land • Emerging wildlife human conflict • Resource conflict between crop farmers

and livestock farmers

• High incidences of pest and diseases • Post harvest crop loss • Low production • Inadequate supply of irrigated water

to field crops • High wildlife human conflict • High cost of crop production • High farm labour demand • Environmental degradation along

the river bank • Reduced household income

• Lack of household food supply and reduced H/Hold income

• Pest and disease infestation(army worm, aphids, whiteflies etc)

• Drying up of water pans and canals affecting crop production

• Crop farmers dropouts • High dependency on relief aid • High malnutrition due to lack of

farm produce - High costs/price of essential food

commodities

• Adequate supply of food at the

household • Increased crop production and

sales • Adequate rainfall • Recharging of watering canals • Reduced resource conflicts • Low costs of agricultural

produce • Increased farming activities • Improved accessibility of farm

inputs • Reduced dependency on relief

food ACTIVITIES

• Community awareness and preparedness on disaster management

• Introduction of early maturing

horticultural crops • Diversification of livelihoods for income

generation

- Pest and disease management - Rehabilitation of existing irrigation

infrastructures - Capacity building of farmers on disaster

management - Provision of assorted farm inputs to

farmers - Desilting and excavation of water pans

for crop production

- Provision of relief food aid - Provision of farm implements - Provision of fuel subsidy to

irrigation farmers

- Provision of certified seeds - Rehabilitation and development of

irrigation infrastructure - Desilting of water pans - Provision of irrigation pumpsets - Train farmers on environmental

conservation and management - Expansion of group irrigation

schemes

80

ALERT STAGE

proposed intervention

Activities When Objectives Time frame

Trigger Target population

Costs Responsibilities

• Capacity building of farmers on disaster preparedness and early warning system

- Community awareness raising on drought preparedness

- Demonstrations on

promotion of early maturing crops

- Training of farmers

diversification of livelihoods for income generation

Early stage Early stage of alert Late stage of alert

Building community Resilience on impacts of disasters

3months Inadequate Rainfall

30% 19 m • Farmers group • MOA • NDMA • CARE • FAO • COUNTY GOVT • ACTION AID

• Management of crop pest and diseases

Farmers awareness, sensitization on pest/disease on crops Training farmers on crop pest and disease management Procurement of crop pests and disease chemicals and application Safe use of chemicals and application

Early stage of alert Early stage of alert Mid stage of alert

Enhance food production

2-3months Weather forecast rainfall below long term mean

30% of the population

35million -county govt -care Kenya -Adeso -Kenya Red cross -NDMA -ASDSP -KAPAP -Woman Kind -IUCN -IOM -FAO

• Establishment and demarcation of designated watering corridors(Malkas)

Community awareness and sensitization Public barazas Identification and demarcation of water corridors Bush clearing

Early stages of alert

-Reduce conflict between livestock farmers, wildlife and crop farmers

1 year Occasional conflicts between river water users

80% of total population

4.5million County Gvt County Commissioner NDMA Peace committee IUCN KWS CoE

81

Putting of border beacons

-Enhance environmental conservation

ALARM STAGE • Provision of

drought resistant seeds and planting materials

- Provision of assorted farm inputs

- Training of farmers

on the introduction of early maturing crops

Early stage of alarm

Enhance accessibility of farm inputs

12months Harsh weather 30% 25 m • FARMERS GROUP • PGI • MOA • CARE • ADESO • FAO • WOMONKIND • NDMA

• Establishment of water harvesting structures for crop production

- Community mobilization and sensitization

- Training farmers on water harvesting techniques

- Excavation of water pans for crop production

- Desilting of existing water pans


Improve water harvesting techniques

6-9 months

Inadequate rainfall

50% 48 m • NDMA • COUNTY GOVORMENT • ADESO • WRMA • FARMERS GROUP

• Fencing of group farms for wildlife and livestock protection

Farmers mobilization Stakeholders meeting Provision of fencing materials Fencing of identified areas


-Reduce conflict between livestock farmers, wildlife and crop farmers -Enhance environmental conservation

2 years Occasional conflicts between river water users

30% 30.75milliom • County Gvt • County Commissioner • NDMA • Peace committee • IUCN • KWS • CoE

EMERGENCY STAGE • Rehabilitation

and development of existing irrigation infrastructure

- Farmers mobilization and sensitization

- Identification of beneficiaries

- Rehabilitation and

Early stage of emergencies

Improve irrigation infrastructure Improve food production

1year Destruction of irrigation infrastructures

40% 80m • COUNTY GOVT • NDMA • ACTION AID • PGI • CARE

82

canal lining • ADESO • FAO • FARMERS GROUP

• Provision of relief food aid

- Identification of vulnerable groups

- Actual distribution of relief food

Early stage of emergency

Secure HH food 6month Prolonged drought

70% • WFP • KRCS • CSG • CHARITY ORGANIZATION • COMMUNITY

VULNERABLE • Provision of

subsidized agricultural inputs

- Identification of vulnerable schemes

- Provision of fuel subsidy to irrigation farmers

Mid to late stage of emergency

6-9 months Drought impact

20% 26 m • CDF • FARMERS GROUP • COUNTY GOVT • ADESO • PGI

Desilting of main water intake of Jarajara/Balambala irrigation schemes

Community and stakeholders mobilization Sensitization of community local institutions Farm Technical survey and designs Desilting of the 19km Jarajara main canal

Late stage of alarm

Adequate water supply for irrigation farming

1 year Blocking of water intake

60% 45.8 m NIB NDMA WRMA County Gvt Donors Irrigation Dept

RECOVERY STAGE • Provision of

irrigation pumpsets and accessories


- Identification of vulnerable schemes

- Provision of pumpsets

- Training of farmers on pumpset operation and maintenance

Early stage Improve food production

1 year Severe drought

30% 80 m • FARMERS GROUP • ADESO • PGI • CARE • MOA • ACTION AID • FAO

Kenya Red cross -NDMA Woman Kind -IUCN -IOM

• Expansion and opening of

- Farmers mobilization and

Early stage to mid stage

Improve food production

1yr Severe drought

40% 60 m • FARMERS GROUP • ADESO

83

irrigable land sensitization - Opening of farms

access roads - Capacity building on

river bank protection and environmental conservation

• PGI • CARE • ACTION AID • FAO • MOA

Provision of seeds, fertilizers, farm tools and equipments


-Provision and distribution of relief certified seeds and farm inputs -Capacity building of farmers on crop husbandry

Early stages of recovery


1 year Severe drought

30% 75 million -county govt -care Kenya -Adeso -Kenya Red cross -NDMA -ASDSP -KAPAP -Woman Kind -IUCN -IOM -FAO

• FARMERS • MOA

Provision of food for asset

Community mobilization Excavation of water pans Desilting of irrigation canals Bush clearing of farm access roads-100 farms Desilting of water pans Fencing of group farms-100 group farms

Early stage of recovery

Acquisition of assets

1year High dependency Inadequate rainfall

30% 42.5 million county govt -Kenya Red cross -NDMA -WFP -FAO -KFSSG Other NGOs

Establishment of farm produce stores and fresh produce market sheds- (10 no.units)

-farmers awareness -identification of site -construction of stores and market sheds -training farmers on marketing

Entire stage of recovery

Improve farm produce market

1year Poor marketing Perishability of farm produce

30% 47million -county govt -care Kenya -Adeso -Kenya Red cross -NDMA -ASDSP -MOA -Woman Kind -IUCN

84

-IOM -FAO

Catchment protection (100kms)

-river bank protection -tree planting -tree nursery establishment

Entire stage of recovery

Environmental conservation and management

1year Environmental degradation

100km along river tana

10million -county govt -care Kenya -Adeso -Kenya Red cross -NDMA -ASDSP -KAPAP -Woman Kind -IUCN -IOM -FAO

BUDGETS (Agriculture sector-Irrigated) ALERT PHASE BUDGET Proposed interventions

Activities Item Quantity Unit cost Total cost Notes

Capacity building of farmers on disaster preparedness and early warning system

Training of farmers on disaster preparedness

Training 20 farm groups 70,000 1.4m Training to be held at sub-county level

Establishment of farmers demonstrations

Farmers demonstrations

30 farm groups demonstration

50,000 1.5 m Training to be on farm in the selected sites

Training of farmers on diversification of livelihoods for income generation

Training 20 groups 70,000 1.4 m Training to be conducted in Sub county level

Management of crop pest and diseases

Farmers awareness sensitization on pest/diseases on crop

training 30 schemes 200,000 per training 6m Training to be conducted in schemes

85

Training farmes on crop pest and disease management Procurement of crop pest and disease chemicals

Provision farm chemical and inputs

20schemes with assorted chemicals

150,000 per scheme 3m Chemicals to be supplied to sub-county office for distribution

Establishment and demarcation of designated watering corridors (malkas)

Community awareness and sensitization public Baraza’s identification and demarcation of water corridors

Demarcation of water corridors

10malkas 50,000 0.5 m Designated malkas to be demarcated

Bush clearing and putting of border

Bush clearing 10malkas 100,000 1m Bush clearing to be done to each malka

SUB TOTAL 14.8 m ALARM PHASE BUDGET

Provision of drought resistant seeds and planting materials

Provision of relief seeds and planting materials

Relief seeds planting materials

10 tones 0.5million 5million Seeds to be supported in all the localities of sub-county

training farmers on introduction of early maturing crops

Training 40groups 50,000 2 m Training to be conducted in selected sites

Establishment of water harvesting structures and maintenance for crop production

Excavation of water pans for crop production

Water harvesting (excavation of water pans)

Excavation of pans to be constructed in the hinderland

Desilting of existing water pans

Desilting 5 water pans 1million 5million Done on selected dams

Training of farmers on water harvesting

Training 60 group farms 50,000 3million Training to be done at identified sites

Fencing of group farm for wildlife and livestock protection

Farmers mobilization Stakeholders meeting Meeting 5meeting in

Balambala 150,000 750,000 Meeting to be held at

Balambala sub-county Hqs

Provision of fencing materials

Fencing materials 10 group farms to be fenced

0.5m 5m Farms along the river tana to be fenced

Sub Total 20.75 m EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET

Provision of relief food aid to vulnerable

Identification of vulnerable group by

Relief food aid 180,000 Persons

86

household Emop lead agency Distribution of relief food

Provision of farm inputs

Provision of relief certified seeds and inputs

Certified seeds and inputs

2tones 800,000 per farm 3million The inputs to be stored in sub-county Hqs

Capacity building of farmers on crop husbandry practices

Training of farmers 15 farms 200,000 3million Training to be conducted in Sub counties

Desilting of main water intake of Jarajara/Balambala irrigation schemes

community and stakeholders mobilization

Meeting

2 meeting at Balambala

50,000

100,000

Meeting to be held at Balambala sub-county Hq

sensitization of community local institutions

sensitization meeting 4 50,000 200,000 Jarajara schemes kone farmers mude farmers Balambala farmers

farm technical survey and designs

Survey and design 1 500,000 500,000 The intake of Jarajara/Balambala to surveyed and designed

Desilting of 19kms Jarajara main canal

Desilting 19km’s 1km 5million each 13million Desilting to be done in jarajara/balambala

M& E Quarterly in 3 Sub counties

300,000 900,000

Sub Total 20.7 m RECOVERY PHASE BUDGET Proposed interventions

Activities Item Quantity Unit cost Total cost Notes

Rehabilitation and development of existing irrigation infrastructures

Rehabilitation and canal lining

Rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructures and canal lining

20farms 1million 20 million To be done on selected farms

Provision of irrigation pumpsets and accessories

Provision of pumsets Provision of pumsets 11 Pumpsets 1.5million 15million The pumpsets to supplied to selected group farms in sub counties

Training farmers on Training 10group farm 100.000 1 m Training to be conducted on

87

operation and maintenance of pumpsets

(2500farmers) farm

Expansion and opening of irrigable land

Opening of farm access roads

Open farm access road

20 farms 100,000 2million Open access road to selected farms along the Tana River

Cultivation and opening up irrigable land

Farm cultivation 10 farms 400,000 4million Expansion of irrigable land for group production in sub counties

Training of farmers on river bank protection and environmental conservation

Training 20 farms 100,000 2 million Training to be held on farm

Provision of seeds, fertilizers, farm tools and equipments


-Provision and distribution of relief certified seeds and farm inputs -Capacity building of farmers on crop husbandry

Relief seeds 20farms 500,000 10 million Seeds to be distributed to all divisions of the sub-counties. • Trainings to use FFS

approach

Provision of Food for Asset

Community mobilization

Excavation of water pans

Pan excavation 2 2million 4million

Desilting of irrigation canal

Desilting of existing canals

5 farms 0.5million 2.5million

Bush clearing of farm access road

Access road to be opened

20 farms 100,000 2million

88

Desilting of water pans

Desilting of water pans

2 1million 2million

Establishment of farm produce stores and fresh produce market (10no. units)

Construction farm stores

7 construction of stores

3stores 2million 6million Stores to be constructed in Balambala, Saka ,Jarajara,Bura and Nanighi,Sankuri,central

Construction of market sheds

Construction of sheds 7sheds 0.5million 3.5million Stores to be constructed in Balambala, Saka and Jarajara,Bura andKamuthe, Sankuri,central

Training of farmers on marketing

Training 30 group farm 50,000 1.5million Training to be conducted in selected sites

Catchment protection 100kms

River Bank protection

River Bank protection

40km’s

1km=50,000

2million

Pegging of 100km on selected sites

Tree planting Nursery establishment

10 tree nurseries 200,000 2million Tree nursery to be established in ten sites: Saka, Daley, Gasha, Kuno, Balambala, Jarajara , Kone ,Bura,Kamuthe and Nanighi

Sub Total 79.5m TOTAL-IRRIGATED 1.12855 B

AGRICULTURE SECTOR CONTIGENCY PLAN

(b) (RAINFED –DADAAB,LAGDERA &IJARA SUB COUNTIES) INDICATORS

Alert stage Alarm stage Emergency stage Recovery stage • Inadequate rainfall • Migration of farmers • Low moisture • Poor seed germination

• Post harvest crop loss • Post and diseases infestation • Infestation of migratory birds.

• Migration of farmers • Reduced H/holds income • Lack of food at the H/hold • Relief Aid

• Adequate rainfall • Increased yield • Adequate moisture content • Reduced dependency syndrome

89

• Post harvest crop loss • Human wildlife conflict.

• Farmers drop outs from farming activities

• Drying of water pans for crop production

ACTIVITIES • ALERT/ALARM STAGE

proposed intervention

Activities When Objectives Time frame

Trigger Target population

Costs Responsibilities

Excavation of water pans for crop production

• Community mobilization

• Identification of beneficiaries

• Deployment of earth work machine

• Excavation of the pan

• Training of farmers on water harvesting techniques



1 year Prolonged drought

10% 10 million NDMA WRMA MOA County Government

Food For Asset Programme


• Identification of target communities

• Establishment of water harvesting structures

Early stage of alert, alarm


6month Dry spell 20% 3Million NDMA MOA ADESSO CARE WFP Red Cross GIZ County Government

ALARM STAGE • - •

90

EMERGENCY STAGE Provision of certified drought tolerance seeds

• Distribution of seeds to locations

Early stage emergency


3month Prolonged drought

10% 2million MOA County Government

RECOVERY STAGE Drilling of boreholes for dry land farming for crop production

• Identification of potential farming sites

• Community awareness raising

Recovery stage

Increase food production for dry farming

2years Drought 30% 20 million KRCS NDMA GIZ UNHCR County Government

Establishment agro forestry tree nurseries

• Identification of target community

• Establishment of tree nurseries


Enhance environmental conservation and management

1year Influx of refugees on environment drought

80% 5 million GIZ MOA UNHCR KRCS

BUDGETS FOR DROUGHT MANAGEMENT CYCLES (Agriculture sector-Rainfed) ALERT/ALARM PHASE BUDGET Proposed interventions Activities Item Quantity Unit cost Total cost Notes Excavation of water pans for crop production

• Community mobilization • Identification of beneficiaries • Excavation of the water pan

Excavation of water pan 5 pans 3 million 15 million The pans to be constructed in ASAL areas

Training of farmers on water harvesting techniques

Training 50 farm group 400,000 2million

Provision of food for asset • Community mobilization • Establishment of water harvesting

technique

Establishment of water harvesting micro catchment structures

60 structures 50,000 3million The structure to be placed in Kumahumato, Dagahley, Dertu and liboi- Banane, Eldere, Ellan and Maalin location

Sub Total 20 m EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET

Provision of drought tolerant certified seeds

• Identification of beneficiaries • Provision of certified seeds

Supply of relief seeds 5 tonnes 1 million 5 million Seeds to be distributed to all location of Lagdera & Dadaab sub-counties

Sub Total 5m

91

RECOVERY PHASE BUDGET Drilling of boreholes for dry land farming

• Geological survey to be conducted

• Drilling of boreholes

Drilling of boreholes 2 5 million 10 million To be drilled at potential agricultural areas

Establishment of agro forestry tree nurseries

• Establishment of tree nurseries Agro forestry tree nurseries 10 500,000 5 million To be established in 4 location

Sub Total 15 m TOTAL-RAINFED 217,200,000

AGRICULTURE SECTOR BUDGET SUMMARY

Phase Cost ALERT 22,800,000 ALARM 45,750,000 EMERGENCY 27,700,000 RECOVERY 121,000,000 TOTAL 217,200,000

92

4.5 Education Sector

INTRODUCTION

Garissa County comprises of seven sub counties namely: Garissa, Dadaab, Balambala, Lagdera, Ijara, Hulugho and Fafi with area total 44,174.1km2. The County is headed by the County Executive officer in charge of Education.

There are 159 public primary schools with a total enrollment of 48,933 pupils, 24 public secondary schools with an enrolment 8,268 students and 215 ECD Centres with an enrolment of 19,724 pupils.

According to the 2009 statistics, the County has a gross enrollment rates for ECD and Primary of 42% and 8.2% for Secondary sub sector. In the same year the transition rates was 72% and the completion rates were 30% and 70% for girls and boys respectively.

The County enrollment breakdown is as follows:-

93

GARISSA COUNTY ENROLLMENTS

ECD PRIMARY SECONDARY

DISTRICT CENTRES BOYS GIRLS TOTAL SCHS BOYS GIRLS TOTAL SCHS BOYS GIRLS TOTAL

1 GARISSA 38 2269 1798 4067 36 11824 8448 20272 8 3245 1612 4857

2 FAFI 40 1719 1283 3002 22 2915 1952 4867 3 400 145 545

3 LAGDERA 27 2651 1453 4104 17 3104 1992 5096 3 396 102 498

4 DADAAB 24 1383 869 2252 17 3036 1455 4491 3 421 185 606

5 BALAMBALA 28 1306 755 2061 15 2652 1286 3938 2 297 89 386

6 HULUGHO 23 1297 907 2204 25 2830 1743 4573 2 201 95 296

7 IJARA 35 1157 877 2034 27 3219 2477 5696 3 771 309 1080

TOTAL 215 11782 7942 19724 159 29580 19353 48933 24 5731 2537 8268

94

INDICATORS

ALERT ALARM EMERGENCY RECOVERY

• Inadequate or no rainfall • Enrolment of pupils

dwindling • Lack or inadequate school

feeding programme • Inadequate supply of water • Inadequate supply of

instructional materials • Discrimination in gender

education • Increased household

labour i.e girl child. • Early marriage for the girl

child

• Low • Enrolment • Poor storage of water • Inadequate supply of s.f.p • Trees drying up • Poor transition and high

dropout • A few or no instructional

materials • Lack of storage and proper

utilization of school feeding programme

• Possibility of schools being closed

• High rate of pupils dropout • Inadequate supply of

drinking, washing and cooking water.

• High rate of malnutrition cases among the school pupils

• Poor performance among pupils

• School management committees and governance of schools affected

-Extend feeding programme including proving food during school holidays -Equip boarding schools -Stop house hold labour among girls -Increase enrolment of pupils -Plant more trees to increase rainfall -Provision of water and balance diet -Build more permanent classrooms -Enhance health and nutrition surveillance and treatment -Increase and equip mobile schools -Harambe fundraising for affected schools. -Re-directing CDF,Latif funds to support the affected schools -Alumni support should be sorted

95

Proposed intervention

Activities when objectives timeline triger Target population

Cost in ksh

Resposnsibility

ALERT STAGE

-Sustainability of enrolment

-Sensitizing of parents and all stakeholders -proper storage of food

Early stage of alert -To sustain and maintain enrolment

1-2 month Dwindling enrolment -lack of adequate water supplY

-50% 3M -NDMA -County government National government -Adeso S.MC

-Provision of adequate water

-using water buzas -provision of piped water

-Early stage of alert

-To Provide adequate water

-4 months

-Lack of adequate water

80%

5M

-W.F.P -Water Dept -Gawasco -NDMA -County Gov’t

-Inset courses for teachers to counter the effect of impending drought

-sensitizing teachers Middle stage of alert

-sensitizing teachers -inset courses for teachers

-2weeks -effects of impending drought

70% 500,000 -Education officials -NDMA -County government


Activities 1 year objectives

timeline triger Target population

Cost in Ksh

Resposnsibilities

Rehabilitation of dilapidated classrooms

-Maintenance of existing classrooms. -Sourcing for Gov’t Grants,CDF &LATIF -Harambee fundraising -Lobbying for county Gov’t funds

-Late stage of alert

-To rehabilitate permanent classrooms --To ease congestion -To fundraise for the project.

Temporary classrooms -Dilapidated classrooms

50%

5M

-County gov’t -NDMA -NGOS Red cross -Ministry of works -Community

ALARM STAGE

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-Provision of instructional materials

-Procurement of more instructional materials

-Middle stage of alarm

-To boost performance of pupils

-Poor performance

70% 10 M -National Gov’t -Education Dept -County Gov’t -NGOS -NDMA


Activities when objectives Timeline triger Target population

Cost in Ksh

Responsibility

-Strengthening mobile schools

-Gov’t Grants -Harambee fundraising by parents & stakeholders -Purchasing more camels/vehicles to ease transport

Late stage of alarm

-To strengthen mobile schools -To Purchase more Camels/vehicles to ease transport

3 months -weak/dying mobile schools/ -Nomadic lifestyle

70% 5M -NDMA -County gov’t -Donors -NGO’s -Community

EMERGENCY STAGE

-Sourcing of materials for constructions of permanent classrooms

-community & stakeholders mobilization -Proposal writing to CDF,County Gov’t & other NGOS.

Early stage of Emergency

-To construct more permanent classrooms -To write more proposals to solicit funding

5 months

-Inadequate funds for permanent classrooms

60%

2M

-County Gov’t -NDMA -Ministry of works NGO’S

97

-Fencing the school compounds

-Harambee -fundraising by parents &stakeholders -Sourcing for funds from other developmental partners.

-Early stage of Emergency

-TO solicit funds to fence the school compounds to keep away trespassers

6months

-Trespassers and looters

70%

10M

-NDMA -County Gov’t -NGOS -women concern -women kind -Unicef -Central Gov’t

- Provision of food and water

-Provision of food,Drinking,washing water -Increasing School.Feeding.Programme through lobbying and canvassing With relevant authorities. Giving seeds to parents to farm

Early stage of Recovery

-To provide adequate water and food -To increase S.F.P -To give seeds to parents to farm

1yr & 6mnths

-Inadequate food and water -Inadequate S.F.P -Lack of seeds during planting seasons.

60% 20M --NDMA -County Gov’t -Unicef


Activities when objectives Timeline triger Target population Cost in ksh

Responsibility

-Provision adequate water in schools

-proposal writing to county government -Supplying adequate water to schools -Mobilizing the community,NGOS,Area MP -Liasing with water dept to address water problem

Middle stage of emergency -

-To write a proposal to the county Gov’t -To mobilize the community & other eg NGO’S, Area MP -To liase with water dept to address water problem

2years

-Water shortage -lack of sentisization Lack of decimination of information

70% 30M -County Gov’t -NGOS -Water Dept -Adeso –women kind -P.G.I

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Maintain Enrolment -Educating parents on the importance of secular education -Supplying of adequate water and food

-Late stage of emergeny

-To educate parents on the importance of secular education -To provide adequate water and food

2 years -Inadequate education on the importance of secular education -Low enrolment

50% 10M -Unicef -Latif -NDMA -County Gov’t CARE INT -Parents -Unicef


Activities when Objectives Timeline triger Target population

Cost in ksh Responsibility

-Employment of more trained teachers

-lobbying for the employment of more teachers through county Gov’t P.T.AS

-Sensitization of the community on employment of more teachers to boost performance

Late stage of Emergency

-To employ more qualified teachers

-To sensitize the community on the employment of more teachers

6months -Under staffing of teachers

-Untrained teachers

-Desertion of teachers because of drought

50% 50M -NDMA

-County gov’t

-Donors

-NGO’s

-Education

Officials.

99

RECOVERY STAGE

Afforestation programme RECOVERY STAGE

-Planting more trees to attract rain- -Individual parents to plant trees in their plots/farms -Creation of youth groups to create demarcated forest.

-Early stage alarm

-To plant more trees to attract rain

3month inadequate rainfall Trees dying -

60%

5M

-forest dept -Education dept -NDMA -County gov’t


Activities when objectives Timeline triger Target population

Cost in ksh

Responsibility

-Increment of enrolment

-Increasing enrolment -Sensitization of parents -Community Mobilization through mosque,barazas

-Early stage of recovery

-To increase enrolment through sensitization parents -Community mobilization through a number of media eg mosque,barazas,& parents days

3 month -Dwindling enrolment - Low enrolment

50% 500,000 -Education officers -county Gov’t -NDMA -Woman kind -Woman concern

-Construction of more permanent classrooms

-Building more permanent classrooms -Rehabilitation of dilapidated classrooms

Middle stage of recovery

-To build more permanent classrooms -To rehabilitate dilapidated classrooms

2yrs

-Inadequate permanent classrooms -Dilapidated classrooms

60%

50M

-County Gov’t -NDMA -NGO’S -central Gov’t

Construction of green houses

Kenya Redcross

100

-Establishment & equipping of more mobile schools -Provision of more instructional materials -creating awareness on gender parity

-Establishing & equipping of more mobile schools through resource mapping &resource mobilization -Procuring of more books -Acquiring teachings aids -educating parents / stakeholders on gender equity/equality

Late stage of recovery Late stage of recovery . Late stage of recovery

-To establish and mobilize resources -To procure more books -To make or purchase more teaching aids -To educate parents / stakeholders on gender parity

2 years 6mnths 3months

-Less mobile schools -Ill equipped mobile schools -outdated reference books -Less books -Gender in equality in schools

60% 70% 70%

5M 10M 5.6 M

County Gov’t -NDMA -NGO’S -central Gov’t -Education Officer Education.; officers -county Gov’t -NDMA -Woman kind -Woman concern

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11.3. Education Sector Budget

Alert Phase Budget


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Notes

Storage facilities Purchase of water tanks Water tanks

4 150,000 600,000 Unit cost include transport

Enrolment School fees School fees 200 10,000 2,000,000 Hygiene soap Detergent 3900litres 120 50,000 100 l per school

Hand washing kits Kits 39 10,000 390,000 Sanitary pads

Pads 21600 100 216,000

Water tracking Trips 1 x16 15,000 240,000 16 schools Fuel for water truck Litres 200x16 125 400,000 16 schools COLUMN TOTAL 3,896,000

ALARM PHASE BUDGET


Activities

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Notes

Storage facilities

Water tanks Tanks 8 150,000 1,200,000

Enrolment School fees School fees 2500 10,000 25,000,000 Hygiene Detergents Litres 2000 100 200,000 70 schools Sanitary pads Kits 3000 1200 3,600,000 Hand washing kits Kits 80 4,000 320,000 Clean water Water tracking Trips 4*20 15000 1,200,000 20 schools Fuel Litres 200x20x4 125 200,000 20 schools,4 trips each Enrolment Boarding facilities mattress 600 2500 1,500,000

33,220,000

102

EMERGENCY PHASE BUDGET Water shortage Purchase of water tank Water tank 38 80,000 3,040,000 Enrolment Purchase of mattress Mattress 1200 2500 3,000,000 Instructional

material Purchase of instructional material Exercise book, pens

text books 7800 275 2145000

Food Additional food by wfp /county govt Cereals,pulses,oilcsb& salt 64431 80 5154480

Sub-total

40,699,480

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EDUCATION SUMMARY BUDGET


RECOVERY PHASE BUDGET

ensitizing of parents community mobilization through barazas,

mosque, parents’ days

Social mobilization

70

50,000

500,000

70 workshops to be across all the districts

-Planting more trees Planting trees 70,000 trees 100 7 M 70,000 Trees to be planted in each of the 100 schools

Building more permanent classrooms Construction of classrooms 100 classrooms 800,000 20 M Building the classrooms in all the districts

Rehabilitation of dilapidated classrooms Rehabilitation of dilapidated classrooms

800 200,000 50 M Repairing all the mentioned classrooms

Establishing more mobile schools Purchasing more camels 100 camels 50,000 5 M Distributing all camels equally to mobile schools

Providing more instructional materials Purchasing more instructional materials

10,000 books 1000 3 M Distribute books to all schools in the districts

Educating parents/ stakeholders on gender parity

workshops

21

400,000

8.4 M

Conduct workshops all the sub counties

-Fencing school compounds -Fencing school compounds

-100 schools 1M 30 M -Fencing 100 schools in all the districts

TOTAL FOR EDUCATION SECTOR

123,900,000 201,715,480

104

4.6 Social Protection

INTRODUCTION

Food aid and food assistance is assistance given to the most vulnerable community members’ .Historically, Food assistance is given by GOK and WFP through cooperating partner..The cp is identified through its capacity in terms resources, the knowledge of the area coverage and any other developmental activity that is undertaken in the county. Kenya Red Cross took over the lead agency through county steering group (CSG) previously DSG in the year 2006 to date. The activity is implemented through Kenya food security policy called community based targeting and distribution where each and every partner has a role to play in the policy and procedure of distribution. The county is mostly affected by droughts, floods, wild life menace and conflicts. However, the society is undertaking a number of interventions both for emergency response and developmental projects. The programme started with KRCS in October 2006 as Emergency operation (EMOP) but changed its name as Protracted Relief and recovery operation (PRRO) after realization that food security of the county is improving slowly as from 2009.PRRO programme is categorized under the following: GFD, FFA and SFP. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME

1. Saves life under general food distribution 2. Build community resilience through food for asset. 3. Improve nutritional status.

FOOD SECURITY ASSESMENT Food security assessment is done twice a year. In Garissa its done after every rainy season for instances its bimodal rainfall of 300-400 mm per annum. The assessment is spearheaded by National drought management authority (NDMA) with other governmental departments of food security team for instances agriculture, water, livestock, Health and other partners like NGOs. A random sampling of the divisions is done with different livelihood zones to ascertain food security situation of the county. After then a report is developed showing all indicators of food security situation and a classified cluster report indicating the most food insecure division of the county is ranked as number one. These clusters of ranking divisions can be verified based on food security indicators that are realized during the assessment. Garissa food security indicators. Accessibility and availability of water in the division for instances the number of water

pans and boreholes that are functioning during the assessment. Household food security level Markets and food availability in the division. The number of livestock present in the division The productivity of livestock Health status of each division for instances number of health facilities and how facilities

function.

105

Areas affected

Drought All divisions in the county.

Floods

Wild life menace

Conflicts

All divisions that are located along the riverline

Shantaabak, Dadaab and Fafi divisions.

All divisions in the county

Dadaab, Sankuri, Balambala, Danyere, modogashe, jarajilla, Galmagala and hulugho.

106

SOCIAL PROTECTION CONTINGENCY PLAN

EW

PHASE: ALARM



Tonnage require


• • •

1 Food aid distribution (GFD).


• Registration of vulnerable community members

• Verification of registers

• Distribution of food

.

• At emergency stage

To ensure that lives of the most affected communities members are saved.

To create awareness of whether there was increment or reduction in the targeted beneficiaries.

At the end of every phase.

Inadequate rainfall.

Loss of livestock

Low or no livestock production.

Currently,

31,300

beneficiaries.

Our target is

143, 000.

12,000 mts of food for 6 months.

Community role

• Election of relief committees

• Registration of beneficiaries.

2 Food For Asset(FFA)

• Expansion of agricultural land

• Desilting of water pans

• Management of land • Clearing of feeder roads • Distribution of food

• At alarm and recovery stage.

• Create asset for the community

• Increase in food production and

Before the end of 2015

Loss of livelihoods

Dependency syndrome by food aid beneficiaries.

Currently, under 50,300 fdps in Garissa county but need to increase the number of

6830 mts of food for FFA sites beneficiaries for 6 months.

Community role:

Create rehabilitation committees

Register daily working community members

Monitor their asset creation.

107

improve livelihood.

fdps to 139 fdps

LALM3 • •

LALM4 SFP • Dispatching of food to the health facilities.

• Monitoring of food to the health facilities

• Preparation of monthly reports

• At emergency stage because its dealing with clients who are malnourished.

• Improve nutritional status of the affected community members.

June-November-This is during the long dry spell period.

Poor rainfall

Low productivity of livestock

No crops/harvest for the season.

Currently targeting Under 5s, pregnant and lactating mothers.

Also wish to include old aged malnourished cases.

2,999 mts of food for sfp clients in 6 months distribution for 58,000 beneficiaries.

• Sensitization of hospital committees

• Training of nurses and community health workers.

-

108

4.7 Conflict and Security Sector

The common conflicts identified: Human-Human conflict, Human-Wildlife conflict, terrorism. The associated risks with these area: • Loss of lives, land and property; • Malnutrition of children, pregnant & lactating women; • Disruption of education: congestion in schools due to feeding program and closure due to lack of

water • Resource-based and human-wildlife conflict; • Poor livestock body condition, depreciation of value, diseases and deaths; • Environmental degradation e.g. charcoal burning; • Water scarcity, poor sanitation and hygiene; • Vector increase and outbreak of diseases/epidemics e.g. diarrhea and measles • Internal displacement and pressure on existing families due to influx of conflict- affected families; • Destruction/ damage to infrastructure and crops Ranking: the four most common Disasters in Garissa County

i. Drought ii. Conflicts

iii. Outbreaks of diseases (human and livestock) iv. Floods

Ranking Criteria

a. Frequency of occurrence, severity, likelihood of worsening and community vulnerability b. Scale of effect: number of people affected (loss of lives, livelihoods, destruction of infrastructure,

migration, poor health and nutrition status, disruption of education, loss of productivity etc.) c. Cost implications, scale of response (resources required) Conflict Mapping:

Areas affected

Conflict Benane, Balambala, Libahlo, Lago, Danyere, Garissa (central division), Modogashe, Eldere,Kotile,Masalani,Gababa,Bura, Mansabubu, Jarajilla, Shanta-abaq, Dadaab,Galmagala, Hulugho and Liboi

109

Response Mechanisms Already in Place:

Conflict preparedness

• Coordination of efforts by the County Steering Group • Preparedness and response plans ( e.g Raid response interventions) • Early warning systems and Early response mechanisms through NSC • Community Capacity building e.g. trainings of communities in peace, mediation and conflict resolution • Sub-county Steering Group • Agencies with mandate to respond to emergencies, both in Governmental & NGOs • Communication channels e.g. radio and police signals • Peace talk shows through vernacular F.M. radios. • District security team

Conflict mitigation

• Distribution of relief food for conflict displaced families • Water trucking to hard hit centres to reduce water related conflict • Livestock off-take programme • District security team • Support to alternative livelihoods e.g funding groups on business related IGAs • Special police unit to curb terrorism • District/community peace committees • Special programmes e.g. Ugatuzi na Vijana • Remittance from friends and family members • Cross-border and inter-country movements by communities

Early Recovery • Support to alternative livelihoods-income generation • Peace dividend projects in areas that have sustained peace • Friendly intercommunity sports

Recommendation for additional measures

• Enhanced contingency planning, better coordination of efforts at county level and strengthened linkages

to national structures • Professional forums at district/county level for home-grown solutions • Strengthening of community based peace building and conflict resolution initiatives/ mechanisms • Establish county peace fora • Diversification of livelihoods • Water conservation • Improved communication and information sharing as most of all attacked areas had/have no

network coverage • Strengthen early warning, early response centres for effective and timely response • Proper land use practices e.g Land planning in urban areas • Use of technology in conflict management e.g the use of 108 for sending sms and establishment

of toll-free lines for reporting. • Peace building and conflict management should be a national priority. All should be trained

110

despite trends, as conflict is becoming dynamic and difficult to predict • The Integration of the Community-based/traditional conflict solving mechanism and

strengthening these institutions. • Construction of dams/pans at strategic points for wildlife to minimize wildlife human conflict over

resource utilization

POST-PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES IN EACH STEP OF THE DISASTER CYCLE

Scenario: Conflict (human/human & human/wildlife)

Conflict over water points between wildlife and human beings will occur frequently. Clan rivalry of the inhabitants and inter/ intra county conflict may arise between pastoralists communities. Conflicts will cause mass population displacement and disruption of basic infrastructures. As a consequence there will be IDP concentration settings, potential diseases outbreaks, loss of livelihood and strong influx to urban centres. Potential separation of children from the families may also be witnessed

111

Pre-disaster Impact phase Post-disaster

* Establishment of peace, conflict resolution and resource management committees * Capacity building of peace committees on peace building and conflict resolution * Establishment/ enhancement of conflict Early Warning systems * Trace and map out the possible areas of human/wildlife conflict e.g. migratory species corridors * Sensitize communities on causes of human/wildlife conflict and basic protection measures e.g. bonfires, noise *Provision of safe water to avoid use of animal watering holes by humans *Planned land use to avoid farming in wildlife zones *Census/culling/re-location of excess wild animals * Provide basic social services in conflict prone areas e.g. Water, Education and Health.

* Activation / operationalization of committees * Beef-up security * Provision of relief (food & non-food items) * Sensitization through public barazas * Provision of basic services (schools, health centers, watering points) * Disarmament * Deploy rangers and intensify patrols * Lay predator traps * Intensify information gathering * Facilitate inter community dialogue

* Counselling * Resettlement * Develop reconciliation committees * Restocking * Reconstruction of infrastructure * Amnesty * Victim compensation * Permanent intervention measures e.g. electric fencing * Restore de-graded land by planning trees * Strengthen conflict resolution committees * Provide basic social services in conflict prone areas eg Water, Education and Health.

112

Garissa County Conflict SWOT Analysis

Strengths

Coordination of all activities by CSG

Presence of NGOs/CBOs, boards, Authorities & Associations(WUAs)in the county

Tana River flowing along the county

Arable land for farming

County government contingency budget allocation

Regional livestock market

Existing health facilities across the county

Merti Aquifer along the county

Existence of peace committees

Well- coordinated disease surveillance systems

On-going sewerage system (municipality)

Already established water pans

Presence of sub-county based stakeholders forums

Early warning systems in place (NDMA monthly bulletin)

Presence of Fair road network within the county

Weakness

• Lack of land policy in place.

• Poor infrastructure

• Inadequate provision of water resources

• No contingency plans in place

• Low funding level during disaster

• Lack of adequate rescue machinery and equipment

• Inadequate knowledge on peace building and conflict management.

• Poor communication network

• Take long to respond to conflicts.

• Insufficient relief supplies

• Biased targeting in reaching needy communities

• Duplication of activities by different agencies

113

• Lack of long term planning.

• Poor Capacity building to disaster-prone communities

• Biasness in reconstruction priorities

• No mechanisms to restore lost livelihoods.

Opportunities

Government structures in place both national and county

Presence of Community and political goodwill

Donor support and commitment (UNDP, ADESO, UNICEF, CDF etc)

Availability of local resources

The new constitutional dispensation.

Threats

Prolonged and frequent drought increasing community vulnerabilities

Lack of sufficient basic facilities within the county e.g. No enough security personnel

Inter-agency competition

Lack of contingency plans

Political interference and rivalry

Social attachment to ancestral land

Clan-based rivalry

Community resistance (attitudes and culture)

High frequency of disaster recurrence e.g. drought, floods and disease epidemics

Poor infrastructure e.g. impassable roads especially during the rainy season

Escalating food prices

Poor physical planning

High unemployment rate

Environmental degradation

Poor community inter-relationships e.g pastoralists and the agriculturalists, refugees and host communities

High poverty levels

Low literacy levels

Terrorism

Presence/ high influx of refugees

114

GARISSA COUNTY CONFLICT CONTINGENCY PLAN

EW PHASE: ALARM



Cost (Ksh)


• • • LALM1

To ensure that affected communities in resource based conflicts are mobilized and involved in strategic planning of the conflict resolution mechanism.

• Establishment and activation of peace committees .

• Initiated at Early Alarm Stage to recovery stage

To ensure that affected communities in resource based conflicts are mobilized and involved in strategic planning of the conflict resolution mechanism.

Throughout the alarm phase to recovery stage

Inadequate rainfall leading to shortage of water and pasturel. Negative weather forecast.

25% of the county population

5M Community role • Strengthen CMDRR & grazing

management committees • Observe grazing patterns •

GOK role(DVO/DLPO) • Provision technical back up & emergency

fund • Capacity building Donors role(FAO ,ECHO,JICA, USADF, • Funding for the emergency response. • Funding and community mobilization and

capacity building.

LALM2

Restore peace and prevent loss of lives and property

• Beefing up of security and disarmaments

• Initiated at Alarm Early Stage

• Prevent attacks and counter attacks/ retaliation


Banditry Clan conflicts Cattle rustling

10% of population

3M Community role • Give reports to the security

officers • Observe peace • Report on insecurity incidents

GOK role Provide security to the people and their properties Donors role(FAO ,ECHO,JICA, USADF, • Funding for the emergency response. -Source for funding and community mobilization.

LALM3

• Facilitate inter community dialogue.

• Alarm Early stage

• Ensure disease monitoring of conflict trends

Throughout the Alarm period .

Inter/intra clan conflicts Rainfall Anomaly


5M Community role • Preach community coexistence • Mediate between communities GOK role(interior $ coordination ministry) • Capacity building Donors role(UNDP, IOM , ,JICA, , • Funding for the above

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• Community capacity building

LALM4

Maintain peace in the county

• Establishment of conflict Early Warning and Early Response Services


• Water provision for humans and livestock at strategic grazing areas and along migratory routes

Alarm Late Stage through to end of Emergency

Rainfall AnomalyBetween 10 and 25% and Negative weather forecast. Clan conflict terrorism


5M Community role. - Provision of early warning reports - Daily management of water sources - Basic maintenance of boreholes - Conflict management

GoK/ - Activate rapid response teams - Training water community on early

warning systems - Provision of water storage tanks in

strategic and secure places Donors role(UNDP County govt,JICA,

- Funding for above - Facilitate rapid response teams. -

EW PHASE: EMERGENCY Code Proposed

Intervention


Cost (Ksh)


LEMR1

Establishment and activation of peace committees in 16 divisions in the County

• Provide basic social services in conflict prone areas eg Water, Education and Health

• Beginning of the Emergency Phase

• Provide water, education and basic medicines to the affected families.


• Inter/ intra clan fighting

2000 H/Hs

40M UNDP - Community mobilization/publicity

Community role - Identification of beneficiary

households with view to targeting most vulnerable

GOK role Provision technical back up & emergency fund

- Capacity building of the community on coexistence

- Funding and community mobilization and capacity building.

LEMR2

• Amnesty

• Throughout the Emergency phase

• Reduce human death and destruction of properties


• Inter/ intra clan fighting

1400 H/Hs 2M Community role - Identification of beneficiary

households who are at high risk. -Engage conflict response committee

GOK role - Continued consultation with

community (publicity) and dissemination of information

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especially on the amnesty. - water and related services to

strategic grazing areas and water UNDP,NDMA

- Funding and community mobilization and capacity building.

LEMR3

• Provision of relief (food and non-food items

• Early Emergency • To minimize/reduce mortality of core breeding herd

• Throughout Emergency into early Recovery

• Clan conflicts • Displacement of people

2000 H/Hs 10M Community role - Identification of beneficiary

households with view to targeting most vulnerable

- Maintain the available holding grounds, and crushes

GOK role - Continued consultation with

community (publicity) and dissemination of information especially on peace building and conflict management.

- . Donors role(UNDP,FAO ,ECHO,JICA,

- Funding for the emergency response. - Funding and community mobilization.

EW PHASE: RECOVERY Code Proposed

Intervention


Cost (Ksh)


LREC1 Facilitate community initiatives on restocking and redistribution of livestock herds to conflict affected families

• Restocking of livestock


• To facilitate drought affected households build up and sustainable livelihood.

• 2months • Positive coexistence

1000HH 10M Community roles - Identification of beneficiaries

targeting the most vulnerable. - Mobilize community contribution

from able community members. GoK/DLPO

- Sustain livestock extension services - Train beneficiaries on livestock

husbandry - Provide market information - Promote pasture/fodder production. - Livestock disease surveillance

Donors role UNDP,Countygovt.FAO,JICA,

- Funding community led initiatives - Capacity-build - Support conflict management

initiatives

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LREC2 • Counselling and resettlements. .


To enhance trauma healing and early recovery

3months • weather forecasts are positive - clan

cohesion

1500HH 4M Community role. - Identify and agree on counseling

sites. - Initiate and support traditional

conflict solving mechanisms - Formation of village peace

committees. GoK

- Awareness creation on conflict. Donors role

- Funding for above - Training community members on

trauma healing - Support conflict management

initiatives.

LREC3 • Reconstruction of infrastructure

• On set of recovery To reduce livestock diseases outbreaks and mortality rates.

• 3Months Improved security along the Kenyan boarder Improved community coexistence


7M Community role - Identification of worst hit places - Engage community on volunteer

work. - Report incidents of violence. - Maintain peace

GOK role - Construction of roads for earl

response. - Train community on peace building

conflict management. Donors role Funding recovery intervention Funding and community mobilization onpeace building and conflict management mechanisms.

• • • TOTAL 93M TOTAL

GRAND TOTAL FOR GARISSA COUNTY DROUGHT CONTIGENCY PLAN =ksh 2,021,270,980

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CHAPTER FIVE: OVERALL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

5.1 Standard Operating Procedures

This part of the contingency plan outlines the relationships various stakeholders and structures are supposed to sustain both vertically and horizontally throughout the drought cycle. The section takes cognizance of the need for strong relationship among various actors in drought management. The Government provides leadership through NDMA while other actors that include; County Governments, INGOs, NGOs, FBOs, and community DRR structures playing their respective roles in drought effects mitigation. Specific roosters and inventories can further be developed by the sector working groups at all phases of drought. Particular sector standard operating procedure articulating procedures are accessible in the NDMA drought response manual and other manuals such as LEGS for the livestock sector and SPHERE. Drought response manuals attempt to provide this guidance while at the same time other standards can be adopted for effective response as developed by other organizations to complement the NDMA drought response manual. The working groups enumerated below are critical in successful implementation of drought contingency plan.

5.2 Response Taskforces/ Working groups

1. NATIONAL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)

Pre- Drought (preparedness) During Drought Post Drought (Recovery) • Provide policy and legal

guidelines on integrating DRR into national developmental policies.

• Provide timely and relevant drought information

• Facilitate strengthening of drought preparedness and mitigation structures at all levels.

• Facilitates review and updates of drought contingency plans

• Strengthen community resilience through coordination of medium to long term resilience building programmes (ending drought emergency)

• Coordinate drought management at both national and county levels

• Strengthen drought information systems.

• Resource mobilization to build the capacities of National, county and communities disaster preparedness teams

• Facilitate inter communities and inter-counties agreements for better natural resources access and control.

• Activate preparedness measures at a very early alert stage

• Stock pile fast moving items and acquiring required human resources

• Repair and maintenance of the available emergency infrastructure.

• Constitute drought rapid assessment teams to collect, analyze and disseminate drought information with clear thresholds

• Ensure early drought response mechanisms by disbursing DCF to the affected counties.

• Coordinate drought response to ensure use of best practices and standards

• Coordinate and provide leadership to KFSM, KFSSG, and sector working groups on emergency response

• Advice the President who in turn declares the drought a national disaster if it reaches beyond set thresholds.

• Facilitate recovery and livelihoods reconstruction.

• Document lessons learnt and share with other stakeholders for better drought management

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2.Kenya Food Security Meeting(KFSM) • Strengthen drought management

structures • Strengthen drought information

management and sharing mechanisms

• Support community resilience initiatives

• Support DCF and strengthen disbursement mechanism

• Provide updated information on drought status throughout the drought period.

• Continuous vulnerability update • Monitor drought response

activities with a clear focus on mitigating drought effects.

• Support KFSSG on rapid assessments and continuous drought monitoring

• Facilitate and support recovery activities for livelihoods reconstruction.

3.Kenya Food Security Steering Group(KFSSG)

• Support drought management information

• Review and update livelihood zones maps

• Conduct bi-annual food security assessments

• Recommend resilience strategies to KFSM for support.

• Review and update on contingency plans across the counties

• Strengthen drought management structures both at national and local levels through necessary capacity building initiatives.

• Strengthen sector working groups and DISC

• Constitute rapid assessment teams and carry out drought effects assessments

• Provide drought status overview to stakeholders and KFSM

• Prioritize key intervention areas by sector working groups

• Review and recommend targeting levels for support by KFSM

• Provide monitoring and evaluation on drought response through sector working groups.

• Work closely with the county steering groups

• Carry out post drought assessments in collaboration with CSGs

• Facilitate recovery and livelihoods reconstruction.

4. County Planning Units • Building on the work of the

community, County NDMA and CPUs refine and consolidate the ‘drought management risks’ and map the likely drought progression and impact for each climate and livelihood zone

• In collaboration with NDMA drought response officers, sector working groups of CSG and community DRR structures, the CPUs support the development and updating of drought contingency and resilience plans

• CPUs in collaboration with county NDMA ensure that county contingency plans and budgets are updated regularly, to reflect significant changes in weather, food security and other pertinent data that are revealed by the Early warning System

• CPUs with support from NDMA

• During a drought the CPUs are part of the rapid teams that carry out rapid food security assessments to update contingency plans in to actions plans for request of DCF

• Continue to update contingency plans based on EW information

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ensure that DRR issues are mainstreamed in the county development planning and resource allocation

4.County Steering Group ( CSG )

Pre- Drought (preparedness) During Drought Post Drought (Recovery) • Analysis of exact details of the

implications of the warning / ensuring that warnings especially for vulnerable groups are passed through the fastest means of communication and checked for accuracy

• Activation of all response / preparedness teams/ taskforces and clear directions for each ones responsibility spelt out as outlined in contingency plan.

• Carry out capacity assessment of relevant response teams and ensure they are fully trained and aware of their roles and responsibilities as per drought contingency plan

• Collaborate with county NDMA and CPUs to review and update county drought contingency plans before drought onset.

• Monthly (or as necessary) CSG review meetings attended by all government line departments in respect of all drought preparedness/ mitigation activities.

• Facilitate communities to develop and review their contingency plans for mainstreaming in county contingency planning.

• Support resilience initiatives (ending drought emergencies).

• Sustain capacity building to community institutions on drought risk reduction.

• Advocacy for mainstreaming of drought mitigation measures in development plans

• Assess the capacity requirements and identify gaps

• Strengthen conflict management initiatives

• Coordinate/ continuously monitor all preparedness/ response activities.

• Policy recommendations to the central government, humanitarian/ development partners, county political leadership, lower local governments, and sectoral emergency response teams based on assessment findings, relief/ rehabilitation needs.

• Provide drought information communication channels

• Strengthen community readiness systems for effective response.

• Develop and adopt targeting framework based on the vulnerability levels.

• Ensure proper coordination of drought response activities for effective and efficient response.

• Ensure timely utilization of DCF for effective and timely response mechanism.

• Provide technical backstopping to community institutions through sector working groups.

• Monitor and evaluate response activities and identify associated impacts

• Identify and focus on drought hot spots.

• Develop comprehensive drought response plan in cooperating multi-hazard approach(Conflict management initiatives)


• Continuous coordination of activities to provide sustainable means of livelihood to most vulnerable communities.

• Strengthening of disaster management structures at all levels.

• Document lessons learnt during the drought period for improvements in future droughts.

• Facilitate interventions that enhance livelihoods recovery.

• Facilitate community institutions to review and draw lessons learnt for better drought response

5.Sub-County Steering Group ( CSG • Analysis of exact details of the

implications of the warning / ensuring that warnings especially for vulnerable groups are passed through the fastest means of

• Coordinate/ continuously monitor all preparedness/ response activities.

• Policy recommendations to the central government,

• Advocacy for

mainstreaming of drought mitigation measures in

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communication and checked for accuracy

• Activation of all response / preparedness teams/ taskforces and clear directions for each ones responsibility spelt out as outlined in contingency plan.

• Carry out capacity assessment of relevant response teams and ensure they are fully trained and aware of their roles and responsibilities as per drought contingency plan

• Collaborate with county NDMA and CPUs to review and update county drought contingency plans before drought onset.

• Monthly (or as necessary) CSG review meetings attended by all government line departments in respect of all drought preparedness/ mitigation activities.

• Facilitate communities to develop and review their contingency plans for mainstreaming in county contingency planning.

• Support resilience initiatives (ending drought emergencies).

• Sustain capacity building to community institutions on drought risk reduction.


• Assess the capacity requirements and identify gaps


humanitarian/ development partners, county political leadership, lower local governments, and sectoral emergency response teams based on assessment findings, relief/ rehabilitation needs.

• Provide drought information communication channels

• Strengthen community readiness systems for effective response.

• Develop and adopt targeting framework based on the vulnerability levels.

• Ensure proper coordination of drought response activities for effective and efficient response.

• Ensure timely utilization of DCF for effective and timely response mechanism.

• Provide technical backstopping to community institutions through sector working groups.

• Monitor and evaluate response activities and identify associated impacts

• Identify and focus on drought hot spots.

• Develop comprehensive drought response plan in cooperating multi-hazard approach(Conflict management initiatives)

development plans • Continuous

coordination of activities to provide sustainable means of livelihood to most vulnerable communities.

• Strengthening of disaster management structures at all levels.

• Document lessons learnt during the drought period for improvements in future droughts.

• Facilitate interventions that enhance livelihoods recovery.

• Facilitate community institutions to review and draw lessons learnt for better drought response

6. Community disaster risk reduction structures (federation at division/ward level) • Carry out community participatory

drought risk reduction assessment and identify the most vulnerable groups

• Establish and strengthen drought risk reduction committees at village level

• Facilitate community process for review and update of drought risk reduction and contingency plans.

• Play a lead role in drought risk reduction measures planning and implementation.

• Navigate communities to resilience through medium and long term strategies

• Facilitate recovery of livelihoods.

• Coordinate implementation of recovery initiatives at the community level

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• Conduct community awareness on drought risk reduction campaigns

• Sustain resource mobilization within the community and from their development supporters


• Facilitate intra and inter community agreements development.

• Stockpile food, and equipments for drought period

• Provide necessary linkages for resilience especially with county governments.

7.Drought information management teams (KFSSG and CSG working groups) Pre- Drought (preparedness) During Drought Post Drought (Recovery) • Conduct bi-annual

drought assessments • Continue updates on

livelihoods zones review and mapping

• Prepare and update vulnerability mapping, if there be any change in classification of areas shown in the map prepared for disaster affected areas.

• Disseminate drought warning alerts to all relevant stakeholders and communities.

• In case of warning that the drought has abated/ conditions have changed course, information should be immediately shared with all relevant stakeholders and the communities.

• Strengthen drought early warning information collection, analysis, sharing and dissemination mechanisms

• Capacity builds drought information stakeholders for better drought information management.

• Strengthen traditional drought early warning system

• Closely monitor disaster progress.

• Continuous flow of information to the CSG/KFSSG relevant stakeholders and communities on latest details.

• Provide regular drought vulnerability updates to the stakeholders

• Strengthen community early warning institutions and information dissemination channels at community level.

• Continuous monitoring of weather situation / information dissemination.

• Compilation/ dissemination of drought trend for future reference/ planning.

• Identify and facilitate post drought information for purposes of livelihoods reconstruction

8.Public relations and communication team (NDMA drought information and CSG information sector group) Pre- Drought (preparedness) During Drought Post Drought (Recovery) • Work closely with drought

information management team and visit to drought affected areas.

• Assessment of publicity requirements of the affected areas depending on extent of drought vulnerability in the county.

• Alert all relevant stakeholders on the warning and maintain close contact with county governments.

• Check personnel and equipment and arrange publicity through available

• Restore equipments and tools.

• Arrange for publicity materials in consultation with concerned departments on

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• Develop communication policy and framework for drought information management with clear objectives.

• Mobilize all required logistics for publicity works.

• Keep close liaison with county governments and all concerned heads of departments, sector working groups and community disaster management committees for giving advance publicity.

• Train and capacity build other stakeholders on effective communication strategies at all levels.

• Develop and disseminate resilience building messages.

• Maintain close liaison with the local press and all media heads stationed in the national and local levels.

means regarding drought status.

• As part of the rapid assessment teams visit drought affected areas and ascertain publicity requirements.

• Deploy fully equipped publicity units in affected areas.

• Issue relevant press messages by all available means, timely and regularly.

• Frequently visit drought affected areas to ensure effectiveness of communication mechanisms.

necessary post drought and recovery publicity needs.

• Documentation / dissemination of lessons learnt to support future planning.

• Collect and disseminate drought mitigation good practices adopted by communities and share across other stakeholders.

• The CSG/SUB-CSG will provide drought status information during different stages of the drought

9.Food items coordination teams Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)

During Disaster (Late alarm and emergency stage)

Post Disaster(Recovery)

• Coordination meeting of stockiest is held every quarter and levels of emergency supplies by each stockiest (relief food, water, medicines, vaccines etc) are updated in the data base.

• Plan awareness campaign strategy before the drought onset in terms of warning dissemination procedures, food stockpiling.

• Issue warning to the sectoral emergency focal points to check their response mechanisms, materials and equipments as per checklist and in accordance with drought contingency plan aligning with needs assessment.

• Meeting with emergency team focal points to review mitigation/ response requirements and minimum resources/ logistics required for each sectoral response.

• Support community resilience initiatives through promotion of livelihoods diversification options

• Build capacity of relief food value chain actors

• Strengthen community relief committees

• Strengthen FFA activities to bridge

• Inter sectoral coordination/ coordination as well as ensure that coordination with NGOs is complete and each NGO is aware of their areas of operations and level of participation.

• Regular review meetings with line departments and emergency response teams/ taskforces.

• Ensure continuous flow of information and national authorities/ CSG / drought response teams are kept informed of latest details.

• Increase targeting levels considering the vulnerability levels

• Coordinate both relief and safety net programs in drought affected areas.

• Establish and strengthen the necessary logistics arrangement for timely relief food operations.

• Basic trainings to relief committees on food commodities handling

• Monitor the quality of distributed food to avert

• Compilation of a multi sectoral post disaster report starting from disaster season , disaster and post disaster period bringing out all aspects of preparedness, response, restoration, rehabilitation , detailed causes of damages, casualties and deficiencies to support in future planning.

• Provision of relief seed for early planting in crop production areas

• Facilitate recovery and livelihoods reconstruction

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between general relief operations. • Update and review targeting levels

as per the food security assessments

• Mobilization of relevant stakeholders and stocking of resources for relief programs.

incidences of food toxicities e.g. aflotoxicies

• Train households on basic food utilization (preparation of supplementary feeds)

10. Conflict management teams Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)


• Map all conflict hot spots and develop strategies to address long term conflict management initiatives

• Facilitate intra and inter communities land uses agreements to minimize friction among user groups during drought periods.

• Disseminate information on mapped conflicts hot spot to all stakeholders and county governments.

• Collect all intelligence information of all important matter pertaining to the drought warning and pass correct information to the county governments and relevant stakeholders.

• Strengthen the county peace committees to integrate conflict management into planning.

• Facilitate community resilience through livelihoods diversifications

• Keep watch over the drought situation particularly in livestock concentration areas that are conflicts hotspots.

• Keep in readiness available personnel for community policing.

• Provisions to be made to dispatch force rapid response personnel as and when required.

• Ensure security of drought affected communities and their livelihoods.

• Maintenance of law and order. • Detail security personnel for guarding relief materials and at

the time of distribution of relief items. • Work in liaison with county governments and the CSG. • Facilitate access to inaccessible areas and facilities for

effective drought response

11.Rapid assessment team Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)



• Training of team members on assessment modalities.

• In collaboration with line departments, develop an appropriate assessment tool that should be presented to the KFSSG and CSG for approval.

• Draft an assessment work plan. • Mobilize all necessary assessment

resources/ logistics. • Participate in drought contingency

plans updates

• Carry out initial rapid assessments/draft assessment report within 24 hours.

• Present assessment report to the KFSSG and CSG clearly highlighting extent of damage, required responses.

• Arrange / conduct multi sectoral detailed assessments of damages, casualties, resource shortfalls.

• Develop and maintain inventories of drought affected assets and individuals

• Provide essential data for targeting and timely response

• Arrange/ carry out multi sectoral post drought assessments.

• Provide necessary data for lessons learnt documentation.

12. Human health response teams

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Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)



HEALTH • Enhance human diseases

surveillance mechanisms at all levels.

• Visit the generally drought affected areas on the basis of vulnerability

• Prepare a list of health facilities located in the area

• Prepare a list and contacts of medical personnel/ paramedics already available in the area and the projected number of additional personnel of each category that may be required in each of the areas in case of acute drought conditions.

• Prepare a list of medical personnel and paramedical staff of different categories that can be withdrawn from their places of work and their services utilized for emergency relief work.

• Ensure that adequate stock of medicines, vaccines and disinfectants likely to be necessary are kept at the county and sub-county health facilities.

• Keep ready materials for establishing an isolation unit for each of the very vulnerable areas.

• Arrange for mobilizing at short notice medical relief teams.

• Prepare a detailed plan for utilizing the doctors and staff from other health organization in the district if so required.

• Sustain community awareness campaigns to reduce drought related diseases

• Take measures for prevention of epidemic and arrange vaccinations against drought prone epidemics.

• Alert all doctors and paramedical staff on receipt of warning.

• Check personnel, equipment and medical stores and upgrade where necessary.

• Arrange for necessary vehicles, ambulances in consultation with the district administration/ district health team.

• Immediately visit the affected areas.

• Start measures for health relief in the affected area through mobile clinics.

• Make immediate arrangements for temporary/ mobile clinics if necessary.

• Decide immediately on isolation of certain patients, if necessary and arrange for isolation wards.

• Frequently visit the drought affected areas and ensure effectiveness of health measures.

• Restore equipment and stores.

• Repair or replace damaged equipments.

• Arrange for disposal of utilized medicines and disinfectants.

• Strengthen community disease surveillance mechanisms

12.1 Nutrition Pre- disaster During/ Post Disaster • Activate/ operationalize nutrition

surveillance systems. • Make arrangements for mobile

units for maternal and child welfare centers in vulnerable areas if necessary.

• Draw up nutrition program for children under 5 years and

• Alert personnel on receipt of drought warning and keep constant touch with health teams and that of food sector.

• Ensure that vulnerable groups received at supplementary / TFC are properly taken care of.

• Ensure adequate supplies for nutrition programs.

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expectant/ nursing mothers in drought prone areas.

• Assess requirements and make arrangements for supplementary feeding /therapeutic feeding

• Community awareness on basic nutrition skills

• Enhancing communities’ resilience through household food diversification options.

13. Water hygiene, and sanitation team Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)



• Visit the generally drought affected areas.

• Assess measures likely to be required for safe water supply in those areas.

• Prepare list of WASH personnel already available and the number of additional personnel that may be required in each area.

• Prepare list of WASH personnel that may be withdrawn from other areas to be used for relief work.

• Put arrangements in place for deployment of public health education teams at county and sub county levels for hygiene and sanitation awareness campaign work.

• Ensure adequate stock of equipment and materials for emergency response/ preposition in appropriate places.

• Stockpile fast moving spare parts for boreholes and other water sources

• Stockpile water treatment agents for ease of access during drought period

• Train and equip the water resource user associations with basic skills and equipments

• Draw up tentative program of action

• Alert lower local government authorities on receipt of drought warning.

• Visit the affected areas immediately along with public health education team.

• Assess extent of water supply measures required and deploy necessary staff.

• Constantly visit the drought affected areas and ensure adequate safe water supply measures for both domestic and livestock requirements.

• Provide fuel subsidies for motorized water sources

• Identify areas with acute water shortages for targeting in water trucking with clear populations and needs.

• Other measures as per the Kenyan public health act.

• Restore tools and equipments

• Repair or replace damaged tools and equipments.

• Documentation / dissemination of lessons learnt to support future planning.

• Re-train water user associations for effective water resource management.

14.Crop and Livestock drought response teams

Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)



14.I Crop • Based on meteorological reports,

and biophysical EWS indicators, advice the season with below normal rains and advice suitable crop varieties and cropping patterns.

• Alert all relevant stakeholders / community on receipt of warning.

• Draw a tentative program for emergency relief work.

• Implementation of agricultural livelihood restorative activities.

• Disposal of

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• Assessment of acreage under crops and number of farmers to be affected in each of the areas.

• Assessment of requirements of seeds and tools for drought recovery.

• Stockpile the right drought tolerant crop varieties for ease of access by farmers

• Render technical guidance to farmers for salvage and protection of surviving crops and rising of such varieties of crops as may be suitable during the season/ in the next planting season.

• Arrange for spraying of pesticides if necessary.

• Constantly visit the affected areas to ensure effectiveness if agricultural relief and rehabilitation measures.

undistributed agricultural relief supplies that cannot be used beyond that particular period.

• Documentation / dissemination of lessons learnt to support future planning

I4.2 Livestock Pre- Disaster preparedness(normal and alert stage)



• Assess requirements of veterinary measures to be under taken in the affected areas and arrange for required staff, equipments, vet drugs, vaccines etc and materials for opening first aid centers and dispensaries.

• Assessment of / make necessary arrangements for access to dry season grazing areas/ water for livestock.

• Mobilize veterinary teams at the county and sub county level for livestock sector response.

• Arrange for prevention of wide spread of epizootics.

• Establish and maintain the necessary infrastructure

• Capacity building activities for pastoral groups on livestock production.

• Sustain access to livestock extension services by pastoral groups.

• Prepare veterinary map showing veterinary service areas and livestock population covered by each of the institution.

• Arrange for short/ refresher trainings for veterinary medical care and prevention of epizootics for veterinary staff/ community animal health workers.

• Arrange for sufficient materials for public awareness.

• Alert all relevant stakeholders / pastoralists on receipt of warning.

• Draw up tentative program for mass vaccinations and treatment.

• Visit drought affected areas immediately with veterinary relief team and start relief measures.

• Arrange with help of district authorities relocation of livestock to refuge grazing areas.

• Constantly visit the livestock concentration areas and ensure effectiveness of vaccinations and treatments undertaken.

• Carry out livestock off-takes to cushion pastoralists against losses

• Support provision of livestock feeds and supplements

• Train and support hides and skins groups on leather and tannery

• Provide necessary veterinary services in key markets to sustain livestock trade.

• Restore tools and equipments/ repair/replace damaged equipment.

• Arrange for disposal of balance medicines or replenish stock of medicines and stores.

• Take steps for repair of damaged veterinary facilities.

• Establish and strengthen community institutions as a readiness mechanism.

• Review and update development plans on livestock sector with focus on breeds improvement

• Monitor livestock market trends and advice pastoralists the right time for destocking

• Enhance communities’ livelihoods diversification options.

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CHAPTER SIX: PROCEDURES FOR DISBURSEMENT OF DROUGHT CONTINGENCY FUND

6.1 Drought Contingency Fund (DCF) Business Process

• Based on the new devolution process, this business process refers to county level structures, i.e. county, sub-county and division/ward. The DSG is replaced with the County Steering Group (CSG), which is a sub-committee of the County Development Committee and is mandated to coordinate various stakeholders involved in food security. A County Planning Unit (CPU) is involved in the planning process including mainstreaming of DRR and preparation of contingency plans, under the support of the County NDMA Office (CNDMA), which is a branch office of the NDMA.

• The three drought response management systems of: contingency planning, early warning and drought contingency fund management shall be interlinked, so as to ensure the coherence of outputs from all of them.

• Drought response activities are specific initiatives triggered by the stages of the drought cycle signaled by the EWS. Interventions are identified for each stage, and activities are implemented depending on five drought-warning stages based on drought monitoring data i.e. Normal, alert, alarm, emergency, and recovery warning stages.

• Comprehensive, multi-sectoral Contingency (shelf) Plans are prepared and activated for rapid reaction to the early warning. They cover necessary interventions at each phase of drought (alert, alarm, emergency and recovery) together with detailed budget for each activity

• The early warning information is used to determine the drought status in a given area.

• Applications for NDCF funds are supported by detailed contingency plans and budgets that are mapped to each warning phase;

• The parameters for early warning phase classification (normal, alarm, alert and emergency) are embedded in the early warning database so as to ensure consistent determination of status across the ASAL region.

• Relevant baseline data on such aspects as population size, water resources, nutrition status, etc, will be captured into the livelihood zone database so that it may serve as a basis for activity planning.

• The outcomes of the early warning activities should inform and be used to update the contingency action plans.

• Comprehensive drought response intervention implementation plans and budgets that are linked to contingency plan and clearly demonstrate expected impact of interventions must be submitted together with the funds request.

• The costing of interventions must be subject to standards costing rates that are already embedded in the contingency planning model.

• The funds requisition must be a computer generated document that summarizes the implementation plan and budget.

• Information on disbursement process, implementation and reporting must be stored in web-based software (DCF business process)

• The proposed drought response and fund disbursement model is summarized in the following tables.

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Table 1: Contingency Planning and Funds Requisition Model

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6.2 Drought Contingency Process

A process initiated by the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) and coordinated by the Technical KFSSG and County Steering Group (CSG) at the county level map out each of the districts into climate and livelihood zones. (This is a one off process)

Division/ward development committees are facilitated by -County NDMA and County Planning Unit (CPU) to identify factors that render the community vulnerable to drought and the impact of such drought on the community health and livelihoods, prioritise them and propose both developmental and emergency responses. This

Division/ward drought vulnerability reports are consolidated into a sub-county report and enriched by the county team to fully reflect historical data and weather projections. Actions proposed by the community are categorised between developmental (long term) and

Long-term developmental priorities identified by the community are validated by the county officers representing key sectors at the county and referred to the relevant CPU for inclusion into the County

Building on the work of the community, County NDMA and CPU refine and consolidate the ‘drought management risks and map the likely drought progression and impact for each

The expected impact of the projected drought risks on the human and animal population at each drought phase is identified and the required response specified, in each instance. The size of the population (human and animal) that is likely to be impacted is also projected, based on the historical

A comprehensive and costed action plan that responds to each of these scenarios is then put together. Types and quantities of required materials are also specified. This information is then consolidated and used to draw up a county drought contingency plan that indicates required actions and projected costs (use of contingency planning software to standardise the plans). Contingency plans are prepared during normal times (no drought times)

The contingency plans are submitted to the County Steering Group (CSG) for review and

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The approved county contingency plans are sent to the NDMA. The NDMA reviews contingency plans and consolidate them into a national drought contingency plans which is submitted to the Board of

The NDCF consolidates the funding requirements into a projected drought management budget for inclusion in the national

Requirements for the drought contingency funds are set and communicated to the Board of Trustees of

County contingency plans and budgets are updated regularly, to reflect significant changes in weather, food security and other pertinent data that are revealed by the Early

National contingency plan and budget are also updated as needed to reflect information from the early warning status.

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6.3 Early Warning Process

If the early warning process reveals a drought situation, it triggers a rapid food assessment to confirm the status on the ground. This is done by the County team and in some cases by both

The sentinel sites that are established at the locational/sub-locational level serve as the centre points of drought surveillance.

The Field Monitor visits each sentinel site once a month to collect data from each household and selected groups of key informants while the drought information officer visits each site once a month to collect completed forms and validates the results by carrying out interviews of

The Data Analyst captures the data in the Early Warning System Database, analyses the information and generates reports. These reports are referred to the County Drought

A summary of findings and proposed actions (drought preparedness and response) is compiled and forwarded to community DRR structures and ward-level county offices for transmission to the

Discussions at TCSG level take note of and highlight any potential or existing food security issues for action. This information is then used to generate a County

The CDM presents the report to the CSG which validates it using its own information regarding the food security status within the County and finalises the Food

The bulletin is submitted to the NDMA. Concurrently, copies are made and distributed to the Line Ministries at the County and other

The authority sends copies of the bulletin to Ministry HQs to inform action planning by

The CDC consults with the Technical County Steering Group (TCSG) and obtains their input on the findings.

The NDMA then consolidates the reports from the various counties to a national drought early warning bulletin and distributes the same to all stakeholders.

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6.4 Funds Requisitioning and Disbursement Process

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6.5 Fund Reporting Process

On a monthly basis, or at the end of the intervention, if earlier, all ministries and/or departments that are recipients of drought contingency funds submit comprehensive implementation and expenditure reports to the CDC. Such reports include:

• The area of intervention. • The nature of the interventions, e.g provision of water, food, vaccination, etc. • The number of beneficiaries (both human and livestock) • The amount expended per activity • The stage of implementation – whether complete or partial • The impact of the implementation (the extent to which the impact of drought has been ameliorated). • Additional interventions required and planned, • Required funding for the next month.

The CDC compiles a consolidated report for the county on this basis and the County NDMA finance manager carries out a reconciliation exercise and ensures that all funds disbursed are accounted for. The report highlights key issues and indicates required actions going forward. Funding requirements for

The CDC carries out physical inspection of the implementation activities by way of validating the reports submitted by the County Sector heads.

The NDMA reviews the County implementation reports, carries out sample audit as required and consolidate them into a national report. The

Financial & Implementation reports are submitted to the funding agencies/bodies

The NDCF reviews the County Financial reports, carry out sample audit as required, and consolidate them into a national report. The report is then submitted to the

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6.6 Proposed Drought Contingency processes Linkages

Contingency Planning

• Contingency plans are standardized & developed via the CP software

• The contingency planning process assesses the expected Drought Status, risk of food insecurity and scale of impact on livelihoods.

• Objective criteria for determining drought status and risk are pre-defined.

• For each drought status and risk category: (Normal (low risk) / Alert (moderate risk) / Alarm (high risk) / Emergency a set of actions, expected impacts and their corresponding costs are put in place.

• The plan is approved, first by the CSG and secondly by the NDMA.

• The plans are developed at county/sub county level.

• County plans are consolidated into a national plan and budget.

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Early Warning Process

• Early Warning monitoring are carried out monthly through the year.

• Early warning is guided by the prescribed drought status definition criteria (Normal/Alert/Alarm/Emergency/Recovery).

• Measurements are taken of indicators to establish if they have exceed the set thresholds to necessitate a drought status change

Rapid needs Assessment

• Rapid needs Assessment are conducted to ascertain the food security after an early warning bulletin reports a deteriorating situation.

• They are coordinated by the NDMA Headquarters with the participation of county officers.

• The results are published in a food security report by the NDMA

Contingency Fund

• When a deteriorating situation persists the CMC will request funding based on the plan defined at the contingency planning stage.

• The requisition of funds must be accompanied by The Contingency Plan, Early Warning Bulletin and the Rapid needs Assessment Report.

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3.0 ANNEXES

Technical Officer

S/No. Names Department 1. OKAL JOEL.S LIVESTOCK 2. DENNIS MAKII AGRICULTURE 3. IDRIS.Y.ABASS AGRICULTURE 4. SHUKRI .S.GURE NDMA 5. JAMES MWANGI LIVESTOCK 6. MOHAMED ABDI MAALIM PEACE & SECURITY 7. LAURA KIIGA UNICEF 8. FLORENCE NJAMBI HEALTH 9. JAMES.A.OMBASO WATER 10. RACHEAL NJIRU VSF BELGIUM 11. IBRAHIM.O.ELMI EDUCATION 12. AHMED.A.ABDOW EDUCATION 13. ABDI.A.AFFEY NDMA 14. SETH MAKULA NDMA 15. HASSAN.M.KHALIF VETERINARY 16. ABSHIR MOHAMED ADESO 17. ISSA.D.ALI NDMA- CDRO 18. MOHAMED ABDI ALI CHIEF OFFICER SPECIAL PROGRAM 19. DR.M.K.HASSAN NDMA- CDC 20. ABDI NOOR DUBOW NDMA- CRO 21. MOHAMED.A.KEDENYE VET SERVICES 22. DANIEL.N.MUSAU AGRICULTURE 23. MOHAMED.S.HILLOW WATER 24. MOHAMED.R.KASSIM EDUCATION

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COMMUNITY MEMBERS FROM SUB COUNTIES

1. IBRAHIM ALI MAHAMUD 2. KHALIF ABDI OMAR 3. ABASS SHIDOW SIYAT 4. ABDULLAHI YAROW OMAR 5. MOHAMED.A.BILLE 6. HALIMA MOHAMED BUNDID 7. MAHAT RASHID 8. SAHLAN MAHAT 9. HABIBO MOHAMED 10. IDIRIS YUNIS 11. ABDI FARAH 12. SIYAT ABDULLAHI 13. MUSLIMO BURO 14. HALIMA BARE 15. ABDI SUGOW 16. GOROD HUSSEIN 17. AHMED FARAH 18. MUBARAK HASSAN 19. MOHAMED YUSSUF 20. HARIT MAHUMUD 21. DAGANE KULMIYA 22. SOFIA HAMISI 23. AHMED YUSSUF 24. HALABU BUSI 25. MOHUMED MOHAMED ISSACK 26. ISMAIL ABDI 27. ADEN YERE SUGOW 28. EBLA BARE SHILL 29. ADEN MOHAMED ABDI 30. DUHO MOHAMED YUSSUF

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31 HASSAN ALI MOHAMED 32 MOHAMED HAMDI DUALE

33 SIYAT OMAR AHMED 33 34 ABDIRAHMAN ADEN ABDI 34 35 IBRAHIM ABDI KORANE 35 36 ADEN SALAT ADEN 36 37 BISHAR BILLOW 37 38 NOOR DAHIR 38 39 JAMALE IDRISS 39 40 MUNSHIT ABDI 40 ISMAIL ABDI 41 OMAR BILAL 42 ADEN ABDI OMAR 43 HASSAN NUR OMAR 44 IBRAHIM NOOR ABDI 45 OMAR AHMED 46 MOHAMED WARSAME 47 ADEN.M.IBRAHIM 48 JOHN.K.NGUGI 49 ABDI DEKOW OSMAN 50 ABDIRAHMAN ABDULLAHI 51 ADEN ABDI IBRAHIM 52 ZEINAB YAROW ARESS 53 KHADIJA DIRIYE DIIS 54 AMBIA SALATHO MOHAMUD 55 MOHAMED OMAR AHMED 56 ADEN ABDI IBRAHIM 57 ISMAIL GARADU 58 ISNINO MULA 59 ZEINAB DEKOW 60 DANIEL MUSAU

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61 ABDI BUNDID MUHUMED 62 OMAR ABDI MATHEY

62 ABDIRAHMAN HUSSEIN GURE 63 MOHAMED MAHAT 64 RASHID SABAL 65 DEKOW HASSAN 66 HASSAN KHAR 67 MOHAMUD MAALIM 68 EBLA ABDI ADAN 69 KAMILA DUBOW BASHIR 70 SHINDEYA HUSSEIN 71 AMINA MAALIM MUHUMED 72 MALYUN MOHAMED SUFI 73 AMINA JELLE AHMED 74 DUALE NURIYE AHMED 75 DAYIB BASHIR ABDI 76 SIYAD NUR ISSACK 77 MOHAMED SHEIKH BASHIR 78 ABDISITAR IDRISS SIRAT 79 ADEN HUSSEIN IBRAHIM 80 NUR FARAH HUSSEIN 81 HASSAN SAGAL ABDI 82 ADEN KORANE SAHAL 83 RASHID ADAN AHMED 84 YUNIS OMAR MAALIM 85 AMINA SAMOW ISSACK 86 MOHAMED ABDI ALI 87 SULEIMAN MOHAMED 88 IBRAHIM DEKOW OMAR 89 ABDIKADIR NOOR 90 ABDIRIZACK HASSAN HILOW

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91 AHMED ABDI HASSAN 92 IDRIS ABDULLAHI 93 ADEN MOHAMED AHMED 94 MOHAMED FARAH KAHIYE 95 HAMDU KAMAL YARE 96 ABDIRASHID MOHAMED 97 MOHAMED ABDOW HANSH 98 ALI ABDULLAHI AHMED 99 ABDULLAHI SUGOW GURE 100 OSMAN ISMAIL HIREY 101 AMIN ABDI MOHAMED 102 FARAH KAHIYE 103 MOHAMED ABDULLAHI 104 MARYAN MAALIM 105 DASHOW MOULID 106 KHALIF ALI 107 ABDIKADIR ABDI FARAH 108 MUHUBO ABDI......... 109 DUBEY YAROW 110 ABDULLAHI ABDI 111 DEKOW ALI 112 FATUMA MOHAMED 113 ZEINAB MOHAMED 114 MAHATHO KHALIF 115 MUHUMED MOHAMED 116 IRSHAL HUSSEIN DUHAL 117 HAMDI.H.DAMEY 118 BURALE.A.ABUBAKAR 119 ABDI BARUT HAJI 120 MOHAMED ADEN ABDI 121 ABDI.M.YERE

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122 ABDI MOHAMED HASSAN 123 MOHAMED MOGE GURE 124 OSMAN HASSAN ABASS 125 HASSAN DIIS 126 SHEIKH ABDILLE HARUN 127 ABASS HASSAN JUMALLE 128 MOHAMUD ABDULLAHI AFAY 129 ABDI SHIRE KHALIF 130 ABDI NAFAA AHMED 131 FARDOSA HUSSEIN NOOR 132 FATUMA IBRAHIM 133 MOHAMUD ABDIRAHAMAN 134 MAHAMED.A.OMAR 135 OMAR AHMED OLOW 136 YUSSUF ADEN MOHAMUD 137 FARHIYA FARAH 138 HAWO MOHAMUD 139 ISMAIL.A.KOSAR 140 ABDI.M.HASSAN 141 DUNIA HUSSEIN NOOR 142 ALINUR MOHAMUD 143 ABDI KALIF 144 EBLA ALI ADEN 145 FATUMA IBRAHIM

Documents

GARISSA CP FINAL.pdf