THE GAZETTE

PeopleusingAniosdisinfectanttodestroyinfectiousdiseases.ColourlithographbyG.deTrye-Maison

(1910).WellcomeLibrary,London.

CONTENTS

MeetingReports 2

UpcomingEvents 14

Seminars&Lectures 19

SSHMBookSeries 19

ProjectNews 21

WellcomeNews 21

CentreNews 23

LonelyHearts 24

CORRESPONDENCETOAnneHanley

NewCollege

UniversityofOxford

OX13BN

UnitedKingdom

anne.hanley@new.ox.ac.uk

www.sshm.org

@SSHMedicine

groups/societyforthe

socialhistoryofmedicine

ISSN0962-7839No.78

July2017

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WELCOME TO THE GAZETTE I hope you’re all enjoying the summer. But thisweather can create a breeding ground for anynumberofunwelcomemicrobes.Thisissue’scoverstaroffersreaderstheperfectsolution—Anios.Saygoodbyetocholeraandtyphuswiththisodourlessdisinfectant.Once you’ve finished giving those bugs what-for,youmightwishtoputyourfeetupwithanewtitlefromSSHM’sbookseries.Luckily,MUPareofferingsocietymembersa30%discountonallSSHMbooks.Furtherdetailscanbefoundonpage19.It’s been an eventful few months for history ofmedicine—wehaveawhoppingninereportsfromconferencesaroundEuropeandtheUK,sopleasedotakealook.Andincaseyou’restilllookingfortheideal summer getaway, there are many excitingupcoming events in places like Edinburgh,Amsterdam, Baltimore, Helsinki and New York.TheGazette has undergone a fewmore cosmeticchanges.We’veintroduceda‘lonelyhearts’columnforlovelornprojectsseekingacademiccompanions(taking the form of postgraduates, postdocs orfunding partners). If you knowof any such lonelyhearts,pleasegetintouchfortheNovemberissue!AnneHanley,Editor

MEETING REPORTS GUT FEELING: DIGESTIVE HEALTH IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CULTURE

This multi-disciplinary, international workshop washeld at the University of Aberdeen on 26–27 May2017 in association with the University’s Centre forHistory and Philosophy of Science, Technology andMedicine. The twenty participants came fromAustralia, France, Norway the UK, and the US, andincluded postgraduate students, early- and mid-

careerresearchers,establishedscholars,andarangeof medical practitioners and clinical researchers.Therewasnoplenary lectureas theeventaimed tofosteraclose-knit,collaborativeenvironmentinwhichan intellectually ambitious yet highly focusedprogramme of talks could act as a springboard forfurtherworkonthetopic.Fivepanelswereheldoverthe two days, examining digestion in relation topolitics; medical history; emotions and spirituality;literature, and metaphor. Speakers focussed ondigestive health in Australian, American, French,German, Italian and Norwegian history. Several keyconcepts ran through the papers, including theessential connections between body and mind; thecomplexrelationshipsbetweencivilizationandhealth;and intersections between digestion and gender,identity, colonialism, political control, and ecology.Someoftheissuesdiscussedincludedtheimportanceof distinguishing between literal and metaphoricaldigestion, and the problems which arise when thedistinction is unclear; the negotiation betweendigestionandothercognatetopicsincludinghunger,consumption, and appetite; and the possibility ofextending the inquiry intootherdirections includingnon-human digestion, post nineteenth-centuryperceptions, and digestion in eastern cultures.Delegateengagementwasveryhigh, andanetworkon this area of research will shortly be established.Therewasastrongsensethatkeyforgottenconceptsintheunderstandingofdigestivehealthinthisperiodcould usefully be reconsidered by today’s medicalcommunity, suchas the focusonan interconnectedbody (demonstrated in diagnoses of ‘neurastheniagastrica’), or the strong emphasis on ‘the balancedbody’ inbestsellinghealthmanuals.Oneoftheaimsof the network will be to articulate the valuableinsights gained by studying the history of digestionand to engage in meaningful discussion withpractitionersinthisareaincludinggastroenterologistsand neuro-gastroenterologists. Plans are alsocurrently underway to publish a volume of essaysbased on the conference papers. Funding for thiseventwasgratefullyreceivedfromtheBritishSocietyforLiteratureandScience;theSocietyfortheStudyofFrench History; the Society for French Studies; theUniversity of Aberdeen School of Language,Literature, Music and Visual Culture; the British

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Society for the History of Science; and the BritishAcademy.- ManonMathias,UniversityofAberdeen

GREEK MANUSCRIPTS AT THE WELLCOME LIBRARY: A SYMPOSIUM AND CONCERT A fascinating collectionofGreekmanuscripts, safelystowed away in a wonderful library in the heart ofLondon, has luckily not escaped the notice ofinquisitive researchers. The scholarly value of theGreekcollectionasawholeemergedin2015whenitreceived its first descriptive catalogue, published byPetros Bouras-Vallianatos (with contributions byGeorgi Parpulov), while the importance of thematerialonan interpretative levelwashighlightedafew weeks ago (25 May 2017) at a stimulatingsymposium,whichtookplaceattheWellcomeTrustHeadquarters in Euston Road. The event wasmeticulously organised by Petros Bouras-Vallianatoswith the financial support of theWellcome Library.TheacademicsymposiumbroughttogetherexpertsinmedicalhistoryorByzantineculture.Theypresentedaspectsoftheirresearchinspiredbysomeintriguingexamplesof thecollection’sholdings,mostofwhichhave recently become freely available in digitisedversionsthroughtheWellcomeLibrary’swebsite.

Themostdistinctive featureof theWellcomeGreekcodicesisthattheyprincipallypreservemedicaltextsdating from classical antiquity to the early modernperiod (with themain focus being on the Byzantineperiod), which cover a great array of specialised

topics. Proceedings began with attendees beingtreated to a talk on some of themost exciting andleast known stories about Wellcome Greekmanuscriptsbysomeonewhosenamehasrightlylongbeen connected with the history of the collection,Vivian Nutton, Emeritus Professor of the History ofMedicine at UCL. The first session concentrated onGreek diagnostic or prognosticmanuals such as theAnonymous of Paris (preserved in MS.MSL.52b)dealingwithacuteandchronicdiseases (Orly Lewis,Hebrew University of Jerusalem) or John ZachariasAktouarios’ On urines (MS.MSL.52, 60, 124) (PetrosBouras-Vallianatos,King’sCollegeLondon),withbothspeakersemphasisingkeyaspectsofthemethodologyand intellectual innovations of their respectivemedicalauthors.ThenextsessionturnedtoByzantineandpost-Byzantinemedicalworks,bringingoutsomestriking observations with regard to the shape andcirculationof particular codices. The co-existenceofmedical, non-medical and magical material inMS.MSL.14(BarbaraZipser,RoyalHolloway)aswellasthe linguistic intricacies of MS.4103 (MarjolijneJanssen, Independent Researcher), containing acollectionofiatrosophiawritteninvernacularGreek,stimulated thoughtful reactions from speakers andsymposium participants, and made us give seriousthoughttotheregionalprovenanceofthetexts,theirintendedaudiencesandeventheagendaofsomeofthe manuscripts’ owners. The thematic diversitymarking some of the collection’s codices was dealtwith inSession3,which includedpapersondidacticpoetry fromsixteenth-centuryConstantinople in thelight of MS.498 (Marc Lauxtermann, University ofOxford), the introduction of Jewish astronomy intoByzantine culture on the basis of MichaelChrysococces’ fifteenth-century astronomicaltreatise, also in MS.498 (Anne Tihon, Universitécatholique de Louvain) and issues of religion, socialclassification and political struggle in the age of thePhanariots (mainly eighteenth century) through theilluminated eschatological prophecies of MS.413(Georgi Parpulov, British Museum). Productivediscussions arose from all the sessions, which werecarefullychairedbyexpertsintheirrespectivefields:Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (Goldsmiths), Dimitrios Skrekas(University of Oxford) and Peregrine Horden (RoyalHolloway).

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Thesymposiumofferedfoodforthoughttoamixedacademic audience in the hope of inspiring moresustained research on the treasures of the Greekcollection,someofwhichwewerefortunateenoughtoactuallygetourhandsonduring theshowcase intheLibraryViewingRoom.The second half of the event (‘Singing ByzantineMedicine’)wasevenmoreintellectuallygratifying.Anextremely well-rehearsed concert, directed byDimitrios Skrekas (First Cantor in London) andattendedbybothspecialistsandinterestedmembersofthepublic,filledtheReadingRoomoftheWellcomeCollectionwiththirteenth-centuryByzantinemedicalhymns on uroscopy.We were able to make all thebetter sense of these, thanks to the Englishtranslations prepared by Petros Bouras-Vallianatos,with which we could follow the sung versions. Thewhole experience was transformative in that itpresented experts and non-experts alike with anastonishingcase-studyof sungmedicine, indeed thefirst modern live performance of Byzantinemedicalhymns.Yetitwasalsoremarkablebecauseitinvolveddistinguished medical historians (Helen King andDionysios Stathakopoulos), who after the concertpresentedbriefprovocationswithaview toactually‘provoking’ the audiencebymeansof a lively groupdiscussionon topics ranging fromsomeof themostbasic issues in Greekmedicine (e.g. humoral bodilytheory) through to its thorniestmanifestations (e.g.theeducationalcontextofByzantinemedicalcanonsortheconnectionbetweenmusicandmemory).Forallofuswhoare(urgedtobe)engagedinthetrickypath of public engagement as part of our academicagenda, this public activity should be a model ofmeaningfulimpactandofsuccessfuldisseminationofscientificknowledgetonon-academicaudiences.

- SophiaXenophontos,UniversityofGlasgow

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL HUMANITIES CONFERENCE The Postgraduate Medical Humanities ConferencetookplaceattheUniversityofExeteron29–30June2017. The conference is an annual event now in its

fourth consecutive year, organised by postgraduatestudents to showcase thediversityof contemporarymedicalhumanitiesresearch.ThemostrecenteventwasorganisedbyEllenaDeeleyandAnaTomcicfromthe English Department and John Clews from theDepartment of History. As in previous years, ourprimary objective was to create a platform for aninternational community of researchers who thinkaboutmedical issues in a socially informed context.Primarilyaimedatpostgraduateresearchersandearlycareer scholars, the PGMHC provides an idealopportunity for researchers to share theirwork in asupportive, stimulating environment. This year theconferencewasattendedbyfiftythreedelegatesfromarangeofdisciplinaryandnationalbackgrounds.Thespeakers included academics from India, Turkey,Hungary,China,Sweden,USA,Canada,Australiaandthe UK specialising in medical history, social work,politics,internationalrelations,literature,philosophy,education, film, performance, music and creativewriting. Theorganising committee is thankful to thefollowing institutions for their financial support:University of Exeter’s Researcher DevelopmentProgramme, Exeter Annual Fund, College ofHumanities,SocietyfortheSocialHistoryofMedicineand theWellcome Trust-funded Centre forMedicalHistoryattheUniversityofExeter.PGMHC’s academic programme included fourteenpanels on various subjects related to the medicalhumanitiesaswellasthreekeynotelecturesbyDrInaLingefromtheUniversityofExeter,DrVictoriaBatesfrom the University of Bristol and Hannah MorganfromLancasterUniversity.Dr Linge spokeabout thedepartment store as both a confining and liberatingspaceforthestagingoftranssexualidentityinWeimarBerlin.Asmaybeanticipated,theensuingdiscussionrevolvedaroundtherelationshipbetweenmedicine,sexual identity and the marketplace. Dr Batescriticized the binary division between medicaltechnology as de-humanising and art and nature ashumanising that seems to be emerging in hospitalspaces today. Hannah Morgan, who specialises indisabilitystudies,addressednotonlythespatial,butalso the temporal constraints that disabled peopleface in their working environment. This triggered alivelydebateabouttheshortageofcompanieswhich

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offeraflexibletime-scaleinordertoprovidefortheiremployee’sneeds.The variety and breath of the keynote lectureswasreflected inthepanelstructure.Anumberofpanelsdealtwithmedicalhistory,rangingfromearlymodernmedical encounters to the status of patients inVictorian asylums and the shifting narrative ofpsychiatric diagnosis over the past two centuries.Others focusedonpastandpresent representationsofmedical institutions in the arts andmedia. Theseaddressedtopicssuchas ‘LiteratureandMadness inNineteenthCenturyBritain’, ‘Representationsof theDisabled Body in Theatre and PerformanceArt’ and‘Contemporary Beauty Regimes: (T)anorexia inLiterature and Culture’. The third group of paperscentred on contemporary socio-medical and legalissues.‘Reproduction,FamilyPlanningandEmbryonicResearch’, ‘Philosophical Perspectives on PatientAutonomy’ and ‘Lived Experiences of Disability,Chronic IllnessandSocialStigma’weremerelysomeofthepanelsthatdiscussedthewaysinwhichcurrentsocio-cultural norms influence medical research,patients’rightsandtheprevalentpublicperceptionofdisability, physical andmental illness. Connected tothese questionswere the papers that engagedwiththe specific role that gender, sexuality, age ordisability play in shaping the historical and modernmedicalfield.In addition, PGMHC offered a vivid programme ofpublicengagementactivities,includingaperformanceof Arthur Schnitzler’s Professor Bernhardi at ExeterBarnfield Theatre and a screening of DeborahRobinson’sexperimentalfilmLikeaSignalFalling.Theabridged version of Schnitzler’s 1912 play wasoriginally the result of a collaboration between theLondon-basedinternationaltheatrecompanyForeignAffairsandacademicsoftheSchnitzlerDigitalEditionProject.ItwaslastperformedintheAnatomyLectureTheatreinCambridgeaspartoftheFestivalofIdeasin2016.Theperformancewasattendedbymostoftheconferencedelegatesandaboutsixtymembersofthepublic. Dr Nicole Robertson from Sheffield HallamUniversity introduced the audience to the life andworkofArthurSchnitzlerandprovidedabriefoutlineof the play’s organisers and production history. The

performance was followed by a Q & A sessionbetween theaudienceandmembersof thecreativeteam(TrineGarrett,ForeignAffairs’artisticdirector,two actors and Professor W.E. Yates, a renownedSchnitzler expert).Many interesting questions cameup during the discussion, such as the relationshipbetweenmedicine and politics, the issue of patientrights,theroleofthemediaincontemporarysocietyaswellastheconflictbetweenprofessionalinterestsand medical ethics. Several audience membersnoticed the conspicuous absence of the patient’svoice in the play andwondered towhat extent thisreflectedthecurrentsocio-medicalsituation.Dr Robinson’s short film Like a Signal Falling wasproduced for an AHRC-supported project titled‘Modernism, Medicine and the Embodied Mind:Disorders of the Self.’ The film revolves around anunfinished sculpture of VirginiaWoolf and exploresthe relationship between modernist art, affect andmental health. The screening was followed by aconversation between Deborah Robinson and DrLauraSalisbury,whichrevolvedaroundDrRobinson’spersonal and creative motivations for conceiving afilm about visual perception and mental health,biographicaldetailsfromVirginiaWoolf’slifeandtherepresentationofemotionalstatesonscreen.The interdisciplinary and international character ofthe conference offers delegates the chance to hearaboutcutting-edgeresearchintheirownfieldandtobe introduced to new approaches they would notnormallyemployintheirowndiscipline.Allspeakersare invited, thoughnotobliged, tocontributetothePostgraduateJournalofMedicalHumanities.

- AnaTomcic,UniversityofExeter

HISTORIES OF HEALTHY AGEING From21–23 June2017, theUniversityofGroningenplayed host to the Histories of Healthy Ageingconference.SpeakersanddelegatescamefromacrossEurope,theUSandAustraliaandatotalofthirty-twopapers were presented from a range of disciplines

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acrossthemedicalhumanitiesaswellaspractitionersofmedicine.The conference was developed as part of a widerprojectentitledVitalMatters:Boerhaave’sChemico-MedicalLegacyandDutchEnlightenmentCulturebythe Dutch Research Council (NWO) of which RinaKnoeff, who was also the chair of the conferenceorganisers,isprincipalinvestigator.Long associated with a healthy environmentGroningen was the perfect venue to play host to aconferenceonhealthyageing.In1614,attheopeningoftheUniversityofGroningen,WiardusMeynardiandUbbo Emmius noted that the town is ‘…pleasantlylocated,hashealthyair,amildabundanceofallkindsof food, many possibilities for suitable housing andother such like things’. Today it is part of a regionwhichtheEuropeanCommissionhasgiventhehighestpossible score for policies relating to active andhealthyageing.Structuredaroundthesixnon-naturals—Airs,Waters&Places,Food&Drink,Sleeping&Waking,Exercise&Rest,Retention&Excretion,Passionsof theMind—the format for each strand was a keynote lecturefollowedbyapanelsessionoftwoorthreepapers.Thepapersprimarily clustered around theMedievaland Early Modern periods although the conferenceincludedpapersfromthefifthcenturyBCrightupuntilthe twentieth century with practitioner sessionsexploring current and potential future medicalpractices.Therangeofsourcesutilisedbythosegivingpapers was particularly impressive, ranging frommedical treatises topersonal lettersanddiariesandartandmaterialculturetonamebutafew.Asonemightexpectataconferenceonhealthyageingmany papers focused on the advice given to thosewhether in or entering old age. It was clear thatthroughout history that certain regimens includingfood and exercise had been recommended for oldage. Irina Metzler’s (Swansea) key note addressexplored someof the questions relating towhetherageing is seen as part of a natural process or apathology and the boundaries between the twoconcepts.AlthoughDrMetzler focusedonMedieval

Europethesequestionsareaconcernofhistoriansofanyperiod.Otherpapersexploredsomesocialissuesassociated with old age including Megan Williams’(Groningen) paper which explored the relationshipbetweenoldage,goutandEarlyModerndiplomacy.However, the conference also showed that healthyageing isnot just something that thoseenteringoldage should concern themselves with but it issomethingthatpeopleatanystageoftheirlivescouldbeinterestedinorconcerned.TakingthisbacktobirthRubenVerwaal(Groningen)exploredtheimportanceofbreastfeedingintheeighteenthcentury.Anotherthemewhichwasdiscussedinseveralpaperswasthelinkbeingmadetooldageandinfancyinthehistorical texts. This included William MacLehose(UCL)describinghowbedwettingwas linkedtobothyoung and old in the medieval period. While IrinaMetzler noted that Isidore of Seville described howinfancyandoldagepossesssimilarcharacteristicsandMargeryKempe,inthefourteenthcentury,describinghowshecaredforherhusbandafterafallhadlefthiminachildishstate.As aClassicist, the linksbeingmade throughout theconference back to the ancient medical textsparticularly the Hippocratic texts were striking. Forexample,RinaKnoeff’sopeninglecturediscussedthesignificanceoftheHippocratictreatisesAirs,Waters,Places and the emergence of new observationaldisciplines such as medical geography in theeighteenthcentury.A practitioner panel from threemedical professionsfrom the University Medical Centre in Groningenbroughtustothemoderndayandviewsonhealthyageing from current and future medical practice.These included the use of 3D technologies inimprovingorthopaediccareandsomeofthestatisticsofageinginthemodernworldwithprojectionsofthecost of an ageing population for healthcare andsocietymoregenerally.In the closing remarks JaneMacNaughton (Durham)notedthataquestionwhichhadnotbeenraisedwaswhyhealthyageingwasimportant?Itstruckmethatit iseasytopresumethatpeoplethroughouthistory

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have wanted to age healthily without properlyquestioning whether they did or their reasons forwantingtodoso.This conference showed that healthy ageing is atheme that can be found throughout history.Similarities exist between historical periods butdifferences as the way the body was viewed andunderstoodchangedovertimewerealsohighlighted.Althoughmany ideas and sourceswere discussed italsoshowedthatwehaveonlyscratchedthesurfaceand potential for future research into this area isimmense.TheconferencealsosawtheopeninganewexhibitionGelukkig Gezond! Histories of Healthy Ageing, alsobased around the six non-naturals, which will bedisplayed in the university museum until January2018.Oneof thequestions posed at thebeginningof theconference was ‘Which is the most important non-natural?’BytheendoftheconferenceSleepandRestwerewinning the votes although as the conferenceorganiserspointedout theremighthavebeensomebiasattheendofanexhilaratingbutbusy(andveryhot)threedays.

- Rebecca Fallas, Open University andUniversityofLeeds

TRANSLATING MEDICINE IN THE PRE-MODERN WORLD: 1350–1800 Thisworkshopon7–8July2017(followingupononeof the same title held in Berlin in June) focused onmaterials, images, and text. The venue was anexcellentchoice:theWellcomeTrustBuildingandtheWellcome Collection in London made for elegantaccommodations.Theyhadampleroomforthewell-cateredcoffeebreaksandlunches,aswellasforthelectures themselves. Papers were held sequentiallywithnoparallelsessions,eachpaperlastingtwentytothirtyminutes,withthirtyminutesormoreattheendfordiscussion.Thetwodayswereusedefficientlyand

the programme of events was smooth and well-organized.The major theme of the conference was ‘culturaltranslation’ qua translatio rather than linguistictranslationoftexts.Agestaltthatemergedfromthepapers was transfers across boundaries, whethercultural,geographic,media,or languageboundaries.The quality of the papers was, without exception,high. While papers focused on specific texts ormanuscripts, individuals, and plants, eachpresentationclearlyhadaneyetowardmoreholisticvisions beyond their specific research topic. Theconferenceasawholewasoutward-looking,seekingto address big questions about the movement ofknowledgeandtextsintheearlymodernperiod.Some of the most compelling papers sought toproblematize previously unexamined categories andprocesses; for instance, should we consider ‘twoEuropes’fortheearlymodernperiod,aNorthandaSouth? Or should we be even more particular, andseek‘manyEuropes’ in individualregionsandcities?FlorikeEgmondremindsusthat intheearlymodernEuropean paradigm, there was no strict divisionbetween food-plants generally andmedicinal plantsspecifically: all had special properties that could beexploited for good health. Another important pointwasarticulatedbyEmmaSparyinherpaper,inwhichshe outlined the discontinuities and failures ofexchangebetweennaturalists(‘bio-prospectors’)whodiscovered plants of potential value and thoseindividualswhowereinapositiontocommodifyandprofitfromthoseplants,specificallyinFrance,1670–1730.Atfirst,plantscirculatedamongnetworksofthecurious;onlylaterandundercertaincircumstances—personalprofitandpoliticalpower—weretheplantsexploitedforcommercialgain.Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim presented a translation of themythopoeic prologue of the Hebrew Book of Asaf,which describes the divine origins of medicalknowledgeintheHebrewBible:medicineispresentedas a ‘lost universal,’ which had gone into declinebecause of human iniquity and recovered throughtranslationsofGreco-Arabicmedicine.This syncreticnarrativeisnotonlyrelevantforourunderstandingof

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the culturalmoment inwhich theBookofAsafwasproduced. Yoeli-Tlalim argues that the book derivesfrom a Persian cultural milieu and translated intoHebrewviaSyriacfromtheeighthtotenthcenturies–butalsorelevantforthepervasivehistoriographicaltrend in History of Medicine, which conceives of‘Western’ medicine has having developed directlyfromGreekorigins,was ‘lost’ in theMedievalWest,and‘recovered’throughArabic-languagechannelsonthecuspoftherenaissance.Thus,shecallsattentiontoourownhistoriographicaltrends,bothinthelinearnarrativeofdiscovery,lossandrecovery,aswellasitsEuro-centricbias.Thepaperscoveredawidegeographicalandculturalscope—fromMexicotoEasternAfricatoChina,fromGermanytoItalyandSpain,aswellasTurkey,Persia,France, and South-east Asia. The final round-tableemphasizedtheneedtomoveawayfromEuro-centricnarrativesofculturalexchangeandtowardsabroaderunderstandingofnetworks,thelateralmovementofknowledgeandculturalpractices,andaneyetoward‘unexpected or counter-intuitive geographies ofdifference’ (to borrow a nice turn of phrase fromHansunHsiung). Truly, a strengthof the conferencewas its attention to world-wide phenomena ofmovement and exchange through botanists,explorers,naturalists, Jesuitsandothermissionaries,aswellasthroughtexts,objects,andletters.As a highlight of the conference, I would drawattention to the warm spirit of collegiality andencouragement, both in the discussions held afterpapers, and in the lunches, coffee breaks, andreceptions.Theparticipantsmadeanefforttoengagewithnewscholarsandjuniorscholars,andIthinktheconference was particularly welcoming of graduatestudents. The organizers did a good job of ensuringthat there was plenty of time for discussion afterpapers,andtheseconversationswerelively,invested,andpositive.Despitemyfeelingthatengagementwithglobal(ifwedare call it that)movement of knowledge, practice,and imagewasproductive and timely, therewere afew unfortunate absences in the programme.Although the title was ‘TranslatingMedicine,’ therewas a complete lack of attention to linguistic

translation.Itwastakenasanunexaminedcategory,not of real cultural interest. In fact, linguistictranslation of medical terminology is a rich andunderstudiedtopicforallperiods inmedicalhistory.Theprogrammealsocontainedno‘early’material:theearliest works treated were at the very end of thefifteenthcentury,andmosttopicswereearlymodern(sixteenth and seventeenth centuries). The lack oflinguistic engagement and the lack of Medievalmaterialswerethusratherdisappointing.These lacuna in the programme should not detract,however, from what was an engaging, smart andrewarding experience for junior and seniorresearchersalike.

- BethanyChristiansen,OhioStateUniversity INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALS: I The11thConferenceoftheInternationalNetworkforthe History of Hospitals was kindly hosted by theUniversity of Malta in the historical old town ofValletta from 6–8 April 2017, its impressivesurroundingsverymuchbefittingthisyear’sthemeof‘Beauty and theHospital in History’. Itwas expertlyorganised by Dr Elma Brenner from the WellcomeInstituteinLondonandDrKathleenVongsathornfromtheUniversity ofWarwick, in collaborationwith theMediterranean Institute under the leadership ofProfessor John Chircop. Twenty-one speakers fromnine different countries contributed to eight panelsover the course of two days and muchinterdisciplinary debate took place following eachsession; discussions which continued well into thenight in a number of local restaurants, payingtestimonytothescholarlyyetconvivialatmosphereofthis event. The final day was spent visiting thehistoricalhospitalsofSantoSpiritoandMountCarmel,a fabulous curtain call to what was a thought-provoking and multi-faceted gathering of historiansfromasfarafieldasDelhiandCalifornia.Iwouldliketo thank theorganisersandhosts for invitingme tosharemyresearch,andexpressmysinceregratitudeto the Society for the SocialHistoryofMedicine for

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their generous financial support in facilitating myattendance.The panels were organised by theme rather thangeographically or chronologically, which allowed forinteresting connections across time and place.Margaret Bell’s captivating art-historical talk linkingarchitecture, geometry and beauty in fifteenth-centurySieneseSantaMariadellaScalagottheeventoff to a flying start. The intentions she uncoveredbehind its embellishments, that is to encouragemonetary support and public recognition alongsidespiritualandphysicalhealing,wereechoedinAntoniConejodaPena’spaperonCharityversusVanityinthehospitalsoftheCrownofAragon.HarrietRichardson,bytakingusonajourneythroughthechangingroleofbeauty in Scottish hospital architecture,demonstratedthat,bythenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,thefocus—inScotlandatleast—hadshiftedto striking a balance between fulfilling aestheticdemandsandjustifyingtheirexpense.The complete lackof embellishments in themilitaryhospital in Barcelona generated an interestingdiscussion around what constitutes ‘beauty’,prompted by Jonathan Reinarz’s observation thatheresymmetryandsimplicityweresynonymouswithutilityborderingonugliness.Thethemeofpurposefulugliness was picked up again in Margaret Buckley’saccount of a workhouse hospital in Limerick as adeterrenttothoseseekingtreatment,andthesimpleandeconomicdesignofacolonialhospitalforthelocalpopulation in Kinshasa was deemed too ugly by itsEuropeanrulers,accordingtoSimonDeNys-Ketels.How the ugly and the beautiful connected inabandoned spaces was revealed through amultimediaexperiencebyGeorgeGoslingandNatalieJones, who interrogated whether Street Art andGraffiti had ceased to be subversive and insteadbecomealegitimatevehicleforNHSfundraising.Thedichotomyofbeautyanduglinesswastransferredtobodily states by Kathryn Woods, who convincinglydescribed the purported links between cleanlinessandgodlinessversuspovertyanduglinesswhilstJaneStevensCrenshawtransposedthisintotheimageryof

theplagueanditssaints,andthepotentialofsanctitytoshapebeautyinRenaissanceItaly.How this dichotomy rendered some patients visiblewhilstothersremainedhiddenwasmovinglyexposedbyAimeeMedeirosinhertalkaboutthebrandingofSt.FranciscoChildren’sHospitalintheearlytwentiethcentury.Toincreasefundraisingrevenue,theimagesof young patients switched from representing thediversity of the area to portraying exclusively whitechildreninlaterpromotionalmaterial.Thisideaofworthinessbeingdescribedinthenameofbeauty was a powerful message which SophieHetherington linked to ‘beauty as privilege’ in herexposéoftheFulbournLunaticAsyluminCambridge.We learned how public and private spaces wereaesthetically enhanced according to patient status;here beauty fulfilled the additional function of atherapeutic tool, inspiringhopeandpositivity—evenifonlytothosedeemedworthybyrank—whilstalsoacting as a behavioural reward. Spatial reasons tocontrolbehaviourwerefurtherreflectedinaleprosyhospital in Uganda, where the patient experiencethrewaspotlightontheperceptionofbeautywhichdiffered between patient groups and those whoprovided these aesthetic signposts. KathleenVongsathorn described how beauty was used tocivilise subjects in this colonial setting, especiallythrough the cultivation of outdoor spaces whichdeterioratedoncethemissionarieshadleft.The chasm between ‘the inner and the outer’ wasanother recurring theme, as places such asTuberculosis Sanatoria had to prioritise setting andgardens whilst interior spaces needed to remainsparsetoavoidcontagion.Themedicalisationof‘theouter’ in early nineteenth-century private asylumsaptlyroundedoffthisconferencewhenClareHickmanpresented a new theory linking the gardens atTicehurstwiththoseatKewthroughthementalillnessof George III. Here landscaped beauty provided theoften prescribed ‘change of air and objects’ astreatment for insanepatients,butwhich in factwasseentobenefitallpatienttypes.

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IhopeIhavegivenaglimpseofwhatprovedtobeastimulatingandmostsupportiveevent;thisbeingmyfirst conference, I had arrived with someapprehension and Iwould like to thank all speakersand the organisers for creating an atmosphere thatwaswarm,encouragingandproductive.

- UteOswald,UniversityofWarwick INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALS: II BeautyandtheHospitalinHistorywasheldinValetta,the historic capital of Malta. The event was co-organized by the Mediterranean Institute at theUniversityofMaltaand theUniversityofWarwick. Iwas fortunate enough to attend this interestingacademicmeetingthankstotheSocietyfortheSocialHistoryofHealth(SSHM)bursaryandtheUniversityofWarwick supplementary reimbursement. I shouldaddress here that such bursaries hold a moresignificant place for Greek researchers due to themeager funding of our Universities in the lateeconomic crisis. Therefore, I feel rather grateful forthesebursariesandthewarmwelcomingofProfessorJohn Chircop. Elma Brenner and KathleenVongsathorn proved really kind and helpful to theconferenceparticipants. The opening session confirmed the organizers’sharpness, as the ‘long durée’ of the presentedhistorical cases brought up different conceptions ofbeauty.MargaretBell’sfrescoesofSantaMariadellaScala(Siena,fifteenthcentury)emergedadiscussionabout the social meaning of internal decorations,where scenes of medical and charitable practiceswere depicted. Maria del Mar Rovira i MarquèspresentedGuillermoCasanova’sattempttointroducethemilitaryhospitaldesignSpain.TheRoyalAcademyof Architecture commitment that any new hospitalshould be solid, functional and patient friendlyopened another discussion on these relationsbetween medical and architectural societies.Therefore, the interconnections of social history ofmedicinewith labour history, history of science andarchitecturewereplacedinquestion.

Elma Brenner and Kathleen Vongsathorn’s paperintroduced the beautiful landscape to theparticipants. Both speakers presented the quest forhealthyandbeautifullandscapesthroughthecaseofleprosies. Brenner outlined the French medievalleprosies, while Vongsathorn presented theengineering of these landscapes by missionaries inUgandaandthepatients’roleinthematerializationoftheseplans.SimonDeNys-Ketelscolouredoncemorethecoloniallandscapevividly.Throughthehistoryofdisputes concerning the public hospital of Kinshasa(Congo) intriguing questions regarding the symbolicmeaningofhospitalfacilities,theconceptualizationofugliness and beauty and the urban structurehierarchieswereforwarded. I consider a great chance hearing Heini Hakosalo’ spaper‘Beauty,painandboredom’.Hakosalodrewherquestions from an impressively rich oral historyarchive,wheredifferenthistoricagents’experiencesandviewsarepreserved. The British Isles were represented in so many anddifferentwaysthatonecouldnotskipmentioningtosome of these papers. Harriet Richardson offeredconference’sparticipantsalmostatourintheScottishhospitals and their architecture. By presentingdifferentexamplesfromthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies, she revealed the different starting pointsfor thedesignofbeautiful hospital façades. KathrynWoods and Margaret Buckley’s papers werestructured upon the idea of appalling ugliness ofpoverty. By citing works and treatises of theeighteenth century. Woods examined howuncleanliness,stenchandinfectiousdiseasesbecamenegativeconnotationsof thepoorsickbody.Ontheotherhand,BuckleyopenedthedoorsofLimerickCityworkhousehospitalandrevealedhowtheinstitution’suglinesswasmeant todeterpatients fromentering.Herpaperofferedanalternativeversionofthewidelydiffused perception that workhouses hospitalsprovidedrespectivelyindecentfacilities.AccordingtoBuckley,Limerickworkhouse’sexteriorsandinteriorsmighthavebeenunpleasantbutthiswasnotalsothecaseforthetreatmentofferedtothepatientsbythestaff.Thiscontrastbetweenuglinessandbeautywasrediscovered in George Gosling and Natalie Jones’presentationonnewwaysofembellishingthedisused

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health services and hospitals of the British NationalHealthService.Bothspeakersgaveanewinsightinthegraffiti art drew on the walls of abandoned publicbuildings. ClareHickmanandUteOswaldaddressedtheissueofrecreational activities in psychiatric institutions.Hickman’s picturesque gardens, vineyard cottagesandgothicsummerhousesweremeanttoamelioratepatients’ experiences. The therapeutic qualities ofbeautifulgardenswerediscussedthroughtheechoofGeorgeIII’srecoveryinKew.UteOswaldshedlightinthe history of art, music and drama therapy bydemonstrating the positive aspects of nineteenth-centuryasylumactivities(balls,artclassesetc.). Iftheabovecommentshavenotalreadypointedouttheconference’ssuccess,Ishouldstateloudandclearthat the different discussion topics, the extendedgeographicalboundariesandthecosyconferencehallmadethismeetingoneofthemostpleasantacademicevents. I will not skip the chance to mention howmuch Valetta’s architectural wealth contributed tothis impression. Walking through its streets everymorning and watching the city’s awakening was aunique experience not just for Knights’ heritagelovers.Prof.ChircopofferedathoughtprovokingtourinMountCarmelHospitalandinSantoSpiritoHospitalin the outskirts of Valetta. Mount Carmel was anexample model of the garden architecture, whiletherewasmuch tobediscussedabout the inmates’recreational activities. Santo Spirito was anotherinteresting example of re-using hospital buildings asarchives’ repositories. The hospital’s building hoststheNationalArchivesofMaltaandtherewasanotherchancetotakealookatthelocalcollectionsandtoapreserved16thc.pharmacy.Iguessthatthechancesfornewdiscussionsandexchangesofviewsgivenbythe History of Hospitals Network’s meetings areobvious.Iamconvincedthathospitaldesign,healinglandscapes, the ugliness of decay, sick bodies andpatients’ experiences of beauty will be discussedfurtherinmeetings-to-come.

- YannisStoyannidis,AthensSchoolofAppliedSciences

INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALS: III The11thConferenceoftheInternationalNetworkforthe History of Hospitals dealt with the theme of´Beautyandthehospitalinhistory´.Itwasatwo-dayevent that highlighted the importance and theevolution of subjective concepts like beauty and itsabsence within and around the hospital; and itprovided an interesting interdisciplinaryapproximationtothehospitals’relationshipwitharts,landscape, patient experiences and senses throughthemedievalperiodanddowntothepresentday.The presentations were organised in eight panelsessions that brought together twenty internationalspeakers and a wide range of specific topics, fromItalian Renaissance hospitals to British healinglandscapes and colonial coolie hospitals, wiselyplanned to allow an extended period of discussionbetweensessions.On6April,afterthewelcomingaddressmadebyJohnChircop(MediterraneanInstituteattheUniversityofMalta) and the organisers Dr Kathleen Vongastorn(University of Warwick) and Dr Elma Brenner(WellcomeLibrary),thecongressstartedwithapaneldiscussingtheevolutionofhospital’sarchitectureandits beauty throughout the history. Margaret Bell(UniversityofCalifornia)investigatedtheRenaissancedepictionof Siena’s hospital constructionwithin thecentral male ward of Santa Maria della Scala,commissioned tosetupabeautifulplace thatcouldpromote patients’ healing. Yannis Stoyannidis(University of Thessaly) explored the use oftuberculosissanatoriabuiltattheforestlandscapesofGreece in the early twentieth century to hide thepatients’uglinessfromthesociety,andMariadelMarRovira (University of Barcelona) considered themeaning of non-beauty precept followed in theconstructionofEnlightenedHospitals inSpainatthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury.Thepanelofpatientsandstaffexperiencesonbeautyin health institutions began with Kathleen

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VongsathornandElmaBrenner,whohighlightedtheimportanceofabeautifullandscapeasaninstrumentto increase the well-being of leprosy patients inUgandaduringthetwentiethcentury,incontrastwiththelandscapesettingofmedievalleprosyhospitalsinnorthern France; and was followed by HeiniHakosalo’s(UniversityofOulu)keynotepresentation,focused on the voices and experiences of staff andpatients about their perception of beauty as atherapeuticvalueatFinnishtuberculosissanatoriumsofthetwentiethcentury.In the afternoon session, the subject of hospitalarchitecturewascontinuedwithHarrietRichardson’s(University College London) fascinating paper thatcompared the role of beauty between modernScottishroyalandmunicipalhospitalsanditspatients’socialstatus;followedbyAntoniConejo(UniversityofBarcelona)presentationonthe luxuryandbeauty inthe Crown of Aragon’s royal hospitals heritage as asign of pride and vanity during the Middle Ages.Finally, Sophie Hetherington (Beacon Planning)examinedthePauperLunaticAsylumatFulbournasacaseofstudytoverifyhowdesignfeaturesreflectedthegoodwilltobringbeautytothepooronthelate-nineteenthcentury.The fourth panel dealt with the topic of hospitals’status and surroundings, and started with aninteresting keynote talk by Margaret Buckley(University College Cork) on the concept of uglinessandpoorsocialstatusrelatedtoworkhousehospitalsin Ireland. Simon de Nys-Ketels (Ghent University)demonstrated how the senses of sight, smell andsound of the African colonial hospital in Kinshasaharmed the urbanisation and circulation of itsneighbourhood, and finally, Madhavi Jha (DelhiUniversity) analysed the role of beauty around thecoolie hospitals in Mauritius during the nineteenthcentury.OnFriday,theconferencebeganwithGeorgeGosling(University of Wolverhampton) and Natalie Jones(University of Warwick) who presented a paperfocusedontheuseofabandonedhospitalsbygraffitiartiststospreadanti-governmentmessagesabouttheBritish National Health Service; followed by AimeeMedeiros’ (University of California) presentation on

themediaimpactofthehospitalchildren’simageforfundraising in San Francisco’s Children’s Hospital.KathrynWoods(UniversityofWarwick)exploredtheuseofhospitalstohostLondon’spooranduglybodiesand to keep themaway from the streetsduring theeighteenthcentury,andfinally,JaneStevens(OxfordBrookesUniversity) focused on the plague hospitalsfoundedinVeniceandthebeautyandcleanlinessofits design during the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies.The afternoon panels were addressed to theembellishmentandcolourofhospitalsandbeganwithUte Oswald’s (University of Warwick) stimulatingpaperfocusedontheentertainingsocialactivitiesforUK asylum patients and their therapeutic effectsduring the nineteenth century. Victoria Bates(UniversityofBristol)examinedthetrendsintheuseof colour for the furnishing, walls and floors in UKhospitalsduringthetwentiethcentury,andhowthishealingenvironmentwasappreciatedforitspatients.IsabellaC.Grima(UniversityofMalta)focusedontheartistic heritage of the pharmacies in Malta’s mainhospitals, as beautiful and cheerfulness objects thatcouldhelpfightingthedisease.The last panel encompassed the importance ofhospital location and the concept of healinglandscapes, firstly with the keynote presentation ofClaireHickman(UniversityofChester)andtheanalysisof Kew’s pleasure gardens planned for the KingGeorgeIII;andfinally,withCostasTsiamis’ (NationalUniversityofAthens)speechonthedeplorablelivingconditionsoftheSotiriasanatorium’sforestinAthensduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Thesessionsraisedanumberofinterestingquestionssurroundingthetherapeuticroleofbeautyanddesigninurban, ruralandcolonial spaces,whichsuggestedthat there isplentyofscopeforstudy inthesewidevarietyoffields.Toconclude,professorJonathanReinarz(UniversityofBirmingham)highlightedthedifferentapproachesofthe presentations, linking the interrelationshipsbetween the hospital’s beauty and utility, thehospital’s space and location and its order andornamentation.

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After the panel, participants had the option to joinprof.JohnChircopforatourofValletta’smedicalsites,from the Casetta (Evans Laboratories) to the HolyInfirmary in which we enjoyed the Malteselandscapes.On8April,participantshad theprivilege tovisit theSantoSpiritohospitalinRabatandOurLadyofAttardMount Carmel asylum, which demonstrated thatMalta was more than a suitable location for thecongressandstrengthentheenthusiasticatmosphereestablishedbytheattendees.In summary, ‘Beauty and the hospital in history’conference provided a forum for early careerresearchers, postgraduates and professors, to thinkabout the importance of beauty, utility, service andlocation to understand hospitals as healinginstruments.Atthesametime,thecongressrevealedinterestingnewprospectsbetweenscholarsandtheirfields, revealing the benefits of an interdisciplinarysymposium.IwouldliketothankthesponsorshipoftheSocietyforSSHMandtheEAHMH,whomademyattendancetothis thought-provoking conference possible. Theparticipation in this meeting allowed me to takeadvantage of new networking opportunities and totake questions and observations that will help torefinesomeaspectsofmyPhDdissertation.

- MariadelMarRoviraiMarquès,UniversityofBarcelona

INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALS: IV The11thConferenceoftheInternationalNetworkfortheHistoryofHospitalsunderthetheme‘BeautyandtheHospitalinHistory’tookplaceattheUniversityofMaltaVallettaCampus,on 6–8April2017.Itwasjointly organisedby theUniversity ofMalta and theUniversityofWarwick.TheconferencewassponsoredbytheSocietyfortheSocialHistoryofMedicine.

The first two days focused on presentations byspeakers followed by discussions and interactionswiththeaudience,whilethelastdaywasreservedforvisiting some significant historical hospitals andmedicalsitesinMalta.The conference primarily engaged with differentperceptions about hospital’s beauty. Thebeautification of the hospitals was in response tocertainsocialdemands.Eco-politicalnecessityforcedthegovernmenttoimprovethefacilitiesprovidedatthehospitals.Majorsectionsoftheconferencedealtwithbeautificationofthehospitals,itsfunctionsandarchitecture, by changing styles from baroque,rococo, neo-classical to gothic. During the late-twentiethcentury,onecouldnoticeagrowinginterestin the value of colour used in hospital design as ameans to ‘beautify’ existing old hospital’s structure.Duringthetwentiethcentury,hospitalmagazinespaidgreat attention to the cultural dimensions andpsychological effects of colour. The use of specificcolours for different places and purpose extendsbeyond the waiting room. It was linked with theconcept of ‘beautifying’ the whole hospital and tocreatea‘healingenvironment’overthecourseoflatetwentiethcenturyintheUnitedKingdom.Somepapersconcludedthatsimplicity,symmetryandfunctionality were also essential parts ofbeautification. Hospital space was a constructivesocial space based on the notions of ‘morality’ and‘harmony’. Hospitals constructed categories on thebasis of lepers, beggars, gender and sexuality.Hospitalsusedthesecategoriestoorganisethesocialrelations. It was an attempt to organise the publicspacebycategorizingpeople.Onecouldperceivethebeautificationofhospitalsanditsfunctionalityinthetransition of its name from ‘hospitals’ to ‘nursing’.DuringtheRenaissancebeautybecameimportant; itcompared the hospital building to a human body.Circulation of air in the hospital was compared tobreathingfunctionofthehumanbody,whichbecamean important part of hospital construction and itstherapy process. Fifteenth-century hospitalconstructionanditsarchitecturedevelopedasapartofitshealingprocess.Paintingsonthehospitalwalls,marriagesignsonthewallandconstructionoftemple

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insidethehospitalwasanattempttoharmonisethebuilding.Modernarchitecturedevelopedtheideaofsimplicity,which emerged as beauty. The focus was on theutilisation of landscape, climate, flora and fauna forthe healing process. The landscape of leprosyinstitutions was significant. It reflected ideas aboutthetherapeuticvalueofbeautifulcontextsthatwereremovedfromdirt,crowdingandnoiseoftheurbansettings.Ifabeautifullandscapewasnotavailable,orwascontestedasasitebecauseof its impracticality,then the missionaries engineered one within thesettlementsby layingpaths, flowerbeds,andhedgesin order to create spaces that were ‘beautiful,practicalandhealthyforeverybody’.Itwouldinspirehappiness, ‘civilisation’ and therefore health inpatientswhomaintainedandviewedthosespaces.Indifferenttimesandplaces,thebeautyoflandscapes,created and found,was considered as an importantaspectforhealingofleprosyattheinstitutions.Hospitalsemergedasabeautifulplacewith lawandorder, and through weeding out the ‘ugly’ and‘unclean’. Ugly body was considered as a socialdisorder.Smellbecamethenaturalcharacterisationofapoorbody.Theseinstitutionsalsoextractedlabourof the patients and utilised theirmanpower for thebeautificationofthehospitalspace.Relationshipwiththe natural environment became a part of beauty.Beautywascloselyassociatedwiththehealingpoweroftheenvironment.Emotionsandcheerfulnesswereconsidered as the best remedy. In case of lunaticasylums,itwasbelievedthatbeautystimulatedsanityandbehavioralreward.Outoftwentypresentations,eight dealt with lunatic asylums. Speakers engagedextensively on the importance of art andentertainment inasylums,underpinning thepositiverelationshipbetweenbeautyandtheinstitution.Theprofessionalsadoptedart,musicanddramatherapyintheseinstitutions.Beauty emerged as an equation with God and thegood; beauty disused the ugliness. Beauty was anintegral part of peace for the inmates, so the focuswas on the isolation of these institutions. Beautyemergedasarichandpowerfulphenomenon.Beautywas combined with design, music, smell and

architecture. Beauty came to be regarded as amasculineworkinsteadoffeminine.Beautifulbuildingsymbolised powerful government. The professionalspecialisationemergedonlyafter1840s.During1900,cosmetic surgery emerged as an integral part ofmedicalprofession.Like a body, hospital too has a life cycle; young,temporary and decline. Some of these hospitalsbecame national sites and identity of a nation.Government attempted to preserve these sites astheir national heritage. Hospitals helped in theenhancementofemotional lifeofpatients.Hospitalsplayed an important role in the ‘civilisationmission’too,especiallyinthecolonies.The visit to one of the historical lunatic asylum andcivilhospitalinMaltaenrichedourunderstandingandprovided practical knowledge about theseinstitutions.Thelunaticmuseumprovidedthehistoryofpatient’streatment,theirlivingconditionespeciallyduring the Second World War period and casehistoriesofindividuals.Thevisittocivilhospitalanditsoldestpharmacywasveryuseful forcomprehendingthemedicalhistory.

- Ms.Madhwi,UniversityofDelhi

UPCOMING EVENTS BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE CONGRESS Date:13–16September2017Venue:Surgeons’Hall,EdinburghThis is thecall forpapersandposters for theBSHMCongress,heldinassociationwiththeSocietyfortheSocialHistoryofMedicine.Allthosewithaninterestinhistoryofmedicinearewelcometoattendandtosubmitabstractsforfifteen-minutepresentationsandforposters.MembersofBSHMandaffiliatedsocietiesenjoyareduceddelegatefee.

TheCongresshas4themes1. WomeninMedicine2. Scotland'scontributionandinfluence

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3. Apothecariesandtheirsuccessors4. ArtandphotographyinMedicine

Keynote speakers include Professor MalcolmNicolson, Professor David Watters and PhilippaLangley.

Undergraduate students enjoy reduced delegaterates of £25 for the 3 days or £10 per day.PostgraduatesandECRswhoaremembersofSSHMandwhodonothaveaccesstoinstitutionalfunds,mayapplyforconferencebursariesfromtheSSHM.Details about applications can be found here:https://sshm.org/bursaries.Surgeons Hall is the home of the Royal College ofSurgeonsofEdinburgh,firstestablishedin1505.Thecampus is centred around the Playfair Building,openedin1832.ThishistoricvenuehousesamodernconferencecentrewheretheCongresswillbeheld.ItissituatedclosetothecentreofEdinburghwithintheUNESCOWorld heritage site. Further details are onourwebsite: http://bshm.org.ukwhere you can findinformationonhowtoregisterandsubmitabstracts.Thiswillbedoneusingourdedicatedconferencesiteathttp://conftool.net/bshm2017

The Congress is supported by funding from theWellcome Trust, University of Edinburgh, ScottishSociety of theHistory ofMedicine, Royal College ofSurgeonsofEdinburghandJonBaines.

PATIENT VOICES: HISTORICAL AND ETHICAL ENGAGEMENT WITH PATIENT EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE IN BRITAIN, 1850–1948

In 1948, diverse health provisions in Britain wereconsolidatedintoasingle,state-directedservice.After

almost seventy years of the NHS—the bedrock ofmodern welfare—there is great concern about anyreturn to a mixed economy of healthcare. Theproposed privatisation of health services iscontroversial because it threatens to destabilise thecomplex relationships of patients with medicalprofessionalsandthestate. Itcalls intoquestionthestructureandaccessibilityofhealthcare,aswellastherights of patients, both as medical consumers andsourcesofmedicaldata.YetthesearequestionsthatequallyshapedthedevelopmentoftheNHSpriortoits foundation. Historical perspectives on pre-NHShealthcare—perspectives that are increasinglyinformed by the experiences of patients—arefundamental to understanding not just the past butalso the choicesbeforeus. Thisworkhas importantpolicyimplications,sowehopethatPatientVoiceswilloffer an opportunity to explore how the medicalhumanities cancontribute to the futuredirectionofhealthcareintheUK.

Social historians of medicine have responded invarious ways to Roy Porter’s 1985 call for historiesincorporating the patient view. But despite workacrossdiverse fields,patient voicesbefore1948areyet to be fully integrated into historical scholarship.This symposium brings together historians, medicalethicistsandarchivistswithinterdisciplinaryexpertisetoexplorequestions relating to theaccessibilityandethics of the study of patient voices in the specificcontext of pre-NHS provisions. Through researchpresentations,roundtablediscussionsandinteractivesessions,participantswillexplorehowpatients,healthprofessionals and the state dealt with inadequatehealthcareprovisionsanddestabilisinginfrastructuralchanges.

Wehaveanexcellentgroupofspeakers,whowillbeaddressingthefollowingquestions:

• Howshouldhistoriansaccessandinterprettheexperiencesofpatients,particularlythosewithstigmatisingconditions?

• Howcanhistoriansnegotiatearchival‘silences’whenlocatingpatientvoices?

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• Whatcanpatientexperiencestellhistoriansaboutpast,presentandfutureinteractionsbetweenhealthcareconsumersandproviders?

• Howcanthestudyofhistoricalpatientexperiencesinformthesocial,politicalandclinicaldimensionsofhealthcareinthefuture?

• Whatethicalconsiderationsshouldinformthecollection,maintenanceanduseofsensitivemedicalarchives,includingdigitisation,dataanalyticsanddiscourseanalysis?

• Howcanattentiontotheseethicalconsiderationsshapethestudyofhealthcareandfacilitatehigh-qualitymedical-humanitiesresearch?

If you wish to attend or have any queries, pleasecontactDrAnneHanley(UniversityofOxford)andDrJessicaMeyer(UniversityofLeeds)atpatientvoicesproject@gmail.com.

MATERIA MEDICA ON THE MOVE II: CONTEXTUALIZING DRUG COMPONENTS AS COLLECTABLES, COMMODITIES, AND CULTURAL MARKERS IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD Date:4–6October2017Venue:UtrechtUniversity,AmsterdamAfter the successful Materia medica on the moveconference in 2015, Utrecht University DescartesCentre, Huygens/ING, and Naturalis BiodiversityCentre will host a three-day follow-up conference,again devoted to the circulation of knowledgeregarding non-native natural substances that wereused inmedicine in theearlymodernperiod (1500-1800).In recent years, the history of non-native naturalsubstances, to which therapeutic properties wereattributed, has received substantial attention fromscholarsinarangeofdisciplines.Thevariouscontextsandperspectivesfromwhichthesesubstancescanbestudied (e.g. medicinal, scientific, socio-cultural,ethnobotanical, artistic) have led to much cross-disciplinary research by historians of science,pharmacists, ethnobotanists, and the like. The

conference intends to provide a platform for theseresearchers, to provide an overview of currentresearch, and to exchange insights and ideas aboutthe knowledge, trade, and acculturation of drugcomponentsinthepast.KeynotespeakersMatthewCrawford(KentStateUniversity)PatrickWallis (TheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience)PratikChakrabarti(UniversityofManchester)ValentinaPugliano(UniversityofCambridge)Youcanorderyourticketsatwww.timecapsule.nu.For questions, please contact Peter van den Hooff(p.c.vandenhooff@uu.nl).

JOINT ATLANTIC SEMINAR FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Date:13–14October2017Venue:JohnsHopkinsUniversityTheJohnsHopkinsUniversityInstitutefortheHistoryofMedicineispleasedtohostthe15thJointAtlanticSeminarfortheHistoryofMedicineinBaltimore.

JASMedisconvenedannuallyforthepresentationofresearchbyyoungscholarsworkingonthehistoryofmedicineandpublichealth.Themeetingwasfoundedin 2002 to foster a collegial intellectual communitythat provides a forum for sharing and critiquinggraduateresearch.

Wewelcomestudentpresentationsonanytopicandtime period and especially hope to receivesubmissions that speak to this year’s theme, ‘Truth,Power,andObjectivityintheHistoryofMedicine.’AsBruno Latour cautioned in his 2004 essay ‘Why hascritique run out of steam? Frommatters of fact tomatters of concern’, by demonstrating the lack ofscientificcertaintyandsociallyconstructednatureoffacts in their work, historians of science, medicine,and technology are at risk of potentiating thearguments of political extremists, such as climatechangeskepticsorHIVdenialists.Thisthemedirectsour attention to the ways in which historians ofmedicine both establish truths and call them into

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question. Broadly conceived, the theme highlightsquestions of perspective and power, including theintersections of race, gender, class, sexuality, anddisability. It also invites us to critically considermethodological issues in the field, such as whichactorsgetvoicesinournarratives,howsourcescanbeused to emphasize or obscure different viewpoints,how evidence and authority are mobilized andbalanced,andhowclaimsofobjectivityinthemedicaland scientific discourses influence both ourscholarshipandthewaysitisinterpreted.

RegistrationfortheconferenceisfreeandwillopeninSeptember2017.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasegetintouchviaemailatjashistofmed@gmail.com.WelookforwardtowelcomingyoutoBaltimorethisfall!

SOUTH-SOUTH II: MATERIALITY AND EMBODIMENT IN GREATER ASIA AND AFRICA Date:27–28October2017Venue:ColumbiaUniversity,NewYorkThe incorporation of non-humans as activeparticipants in knowledge production has preparedthewayfor interrogationsofthenatureof ‘objects’,‘bodies’, and their relationship to one anotherthroughout history. Transregional studies of objectsand bodies have often focused on narratives ofcirculationandmigration.Buthowdoesaninclusionof an object or body’s embeddedness in certaingeographies and temporal contexts enable newpossibilities for research? Does a study of materialculture,theorizedthroughconceptionsofobjectsandbodies, confound or confirm regional geographies?This conference seeks to give voice to histories ofmateriality and embodiment in theGlobal South, inparticularinAfricaandGreaterAsiabroadlydefined.This conference thus poses two primary questions.First,howcanAfricanandAsianconceptsandarchivesbe used to reframe discourses on materiality andembodimentintheGlobalSouth?Second,whatnew

opticsof researchdohistoricalandhistoriographicalquestions aboutmateriality and embodimentwithinthe geographies of Greater Asia and Africa enable?Between these framing questions, many moreemerge: how does the study of material cultureintersect with processes of bothcirculation and embeddedness? How do materialsthemselves structure political economies?What aretheways, if any,of recoveringhistoriesofmaterialswithout thehistoriesofhumans?Whatpurposesdomaterials serve in therapeutics, and how do theyshapewellbeing-whetherbiomedical,physiological,psychological, political, religious, or otherwise?Where does the line between human and materialblur,andinwhatwayscanmaterialitybeunderstoodasanextensionofembodimentorpersonhood?The conference aims to facilitate historical andtheoretical discussions around these questions.Themesofinterestincludebutarenotlimitedto:

• ‘Materiality’and‘embodiment’ascategoriesofresearch

• Objectandbodyhistories:biographies,agencies,genealogies,andontologies

• Objectsandbodiesandthetransmissionofskillsorexperience

• Humansasobjects/materialsandvice-versa• Objectsinandasarchives• Economicandlegalhistoriesof

commoditizationandobject-regulation• Refuseandgarbage• Rituals,politics,andeconomiesofartefacts,

comestibles,etc.• Medical,chemical,biological,botanical,and

textualobjectsandbodiesThis two-day conference will take place on 27–28OctoberatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Contactsouthsouthconference@gmail.comLookforupdatesonhttp://cih.columbia.edu/south-south-ii

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CELEBRATING OXFORDSHIRE MIND'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY Date:30October–1November2017Venue: Centre for Medical Humanities, OxfordBrookesUniversityOn 30 October, Professor John Hall will be giving apublic lecture 'From madness to well-being: newunderstandingsofmentalhealth'.Theeventwillstartat 5.00 and is organised by the Centre for MedicalHumanities,OxfordBrookesUniversityinassociationwithOxfordshireMindThis public lecture offers an historically-informedaccount of how mental health services havedeveloped,particularlyover thepast50yearsorso,withspecialreferencetodevelopmentsinbothpublicand voluntary services in Oxfordshire. The city ofOxford, in particular provides, from a generalhistorical perspective, an excellent historical casestudyofhowmentalhealthserviceshavedevelopedwithin the county and country. For instance,DorsetHouse School ofOccupational Therapywas the firsteverschoolofOTinBritain,andisnowabsorbedintoOxford Brookes University, which also holds itshistoricalarchive.On1November,theCentreforMedicalHumanities,willhostaworkshopon'BacktotheFuture:MedicalHumanities' Contribution to the Education andTrainingofMentalHealthProfessionals'This one-day workshop seeks to explore how thehumanitiescanofferproductivecontributionstotheeducationandtrainingofmentalhealthprofessionals.Speakers will illustrate examples of how disciplinessuchashistory,literature,theatre,artandcinemacanenrich mental health professionals’ understandingand/orapproachtomentalillness.Intheafternoon,apaneldiscussion, includingbothhumanities scholarsand educators of mental health professionals, willprovide a forum to examine the conference themefrom different perspectives. Speakers include FemiOyebode, Bridget Escolme, Waltraud Ernst, JohnHall,GertiStegenandNigelWellman.

MONITORING THE SELF: NEGOTIATING TECHNOLOGIES OF HEALTH, IDENTITY AND GOVERNANCE Date:8–10November2017Venue:HelsinkiThis conference is organizedby theNordicNetworkGender Body Health, in collaboration with HelsinkiCollegium for Advanced Studies (University ofHelsinki). It is funded by the Joint Committee forNordicResearchCouncilsintheHumanitiesandSocialSciences (NOS-HS). The keynote speaker will beProfessor Deborah Lupton, University of Canberra,Australia.The twenty-first century has been marked by anincreasing number of (bio)technologies that enableintimateandcontinuousmonitoringofbodies inthenameofhealthandwell-being.Self-trackingandself-monitoring technologies have emerged across thedomains of well-being, preventive medicine andidentity work. These technologies can involve self-tracking of daily activities or exercise, monitoringpersonal goals such as weight loss or conception,identifyingandmanagingexistingorpotentialmedicalconditions,andtracingidentity,forexample,throughgeneticancestry.Yetthesemonitoringdevelopmentsencompassformsofself-trackingwhichgobeyond‘do-it-yourself’kitsorpersonalized devices. We have also seen trendstowards ‘molecular’ monitoring of the body andenhancedformsofbiomedicalself-governance(Rose,2007). These new technologies, marketed to bothpatients and health practitioners as consumers, arepartofalargerprocessofcommodificationofnotonlyhealthtechnologiesbutalsohealthitself(Clarkeetal,2010). New health technologies can enable thecrossing of scientific/non-scientific boundaries, andcreative or unanticipated uses of such technologiesmay emerge. These changes may demand a moreactiveandpurposive roleof individuals in theirownhealthandwell-being.However,therehasbeenlittleattention paid to what role gender, race, disability,class and migration may play (Nelson, 2016). Our

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conference seeks to explore critically how thisincreasingly biotechnological landscape istransforming how bodies, identity and health areread,measuredandpractised.In particular, the conference invites submissionsaroundthefollowingquestions:• Whatroledoconceptssuchasself,bodiesand

technologiesplayinformationsofidentity,riskandself-governance?

• Howdogender,race,disability,and/orclassaffectandshapeheterogeneousengagementwithandexperiencesofthesetechnologies?

• Howareself-trackingandself-monitoringtechnologiessituatedinthelargerdynamicsofsocietalchange,suchaschangesinthegenderedandracializedresponsibilitiesforcare,ortheneoliberalrestructuringofsocieties?

• Inwhatwaysdoself-trackingtechnologiesarticulateoremergethroughglobalandpostcolonialpowerhierarchies?

• Inwhatglobalandlocalcontextsdothesetechnologiesandpracticesmakesenseaswaysofmanaginghealth,well-beingoridentity?

• Whatistherelationshipbetweenmigrationand/ortravelofbodiesacrossbordersandself-monitoringtechnologies,andhowdoesthisplayintolarger‘citizenship’projects?

This conference focuses on this intersection oftechnologies, bodies, monitoring and the self. Weinvite conference papers to engage in widerdiscussions across health areas, technologies,geographiccontextsandacademicdisciplines.Weaimtoincludearangeofscholars,practitionersandartiststoallowustoidentifykeyissuesandcreativelyexploreour (collective) responses to these increasinglyindividualizing, neoliberal technologies of the self incontemporaryhealthpracticesandimaginaries.PleasecontactDrVenlaOikkonen,HelsinkiCollegiumforAdvancedStudiesorDrIngridYoung,UniversityofEdinburgh,onbehalfof theNordicNetworkGenderBodyHealth.

SEMINARS & LECTURES

TheDepartmentof theHistoryofMedicineat JohnsHopkinsUniversitynowoffersgraduate-levelcoursesonline.StudentscantakeindividualcoursesorpursueacertificateorM.A.degreeintheHistoryofMedicine.Registration isnowopenforTerms1 (28August–20October)and2(23October–19December).OurTerm1 offering is Survey 3: Science and the Practice ofMedicine (Registration deadline: 18 August). TheTerm 2 course is Survey 4: Biomedicine in Context(Registration deadline: 13 October). For additionalinformationabouttheprogramorcourses,visitwww.hopkinshistoryofmedicine.org/content/online-program-history-medicineor email ihomonline@jhmi.eduwith questions or tobeincludedonourmailinglist.

SSHM BOOK SERIES Monographs:ProfessorKeirWaddingtonEmail:waddingtonk@cardiff.ac.ukEditedvolumes:DrDavidCantorEmail:cantord@mail.nih.govYou can findout about the series, about submittingproposals,ortopurchasebooksatwww.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/series/social-histories-of-medicineMUPisofferingSSHMmembersa30%discountonbooksintheseries.ForEurope,orderthroughwww.manchesteruniversitypress.co.ukandenteratcheckoutthediscountcodeSSHM30.FortheAmericas,orderthrough

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http://global.oup.com/academicandenteratcheckoutthediscountcodeADISTA5.Please do not distribute these codes to non-members.WearedelightedthatMUPhasbeenabletoofferusthisdiscount,buttheirgenerosityreliesonsuchbenefitsnotbeingabused.Belowaretwoofthenextbooksintheseries.

Thisbooklooksatmedicalprofessionalisationfromanewperspective,oneoffailureratherthansuccess.Itquestions the existing picture of broad and risingmedical prosperity across thenineteenth century toconsider the men who did not keep up withprofessionalising trends. Itunpicks the life storiesofmenwhocouldnotmakeendsmeetorwhocouldnotsustain a professional persona of disinterestedexpertise, either because they could not overcomepublic accusations of misconduct or because theystruggledprivatelywithstress.Indoingsoituncovers

the trials of the medical marketplace and thepressuresofmedicalmasculinity.Allprofessionalisinggroupsriskedfallingshortofrisingexpectations,butfordoctorstheseexpectationswereinflectedinsomeoccupationallyspecificways.

Didearlymodernpeoplecareabouttheirhealth?Andwhat did it mean to lead a healthy life in Italy andEngland?Througharangeoftextualevidence,imagesand material artefacts Conserving health in earlymodern culture documents the profound impactwhichideasabouthealthylivinghadondailypracticesaswellasonintellectuallifeandthematerialworldinthis period. In both countries staying healthy wasunderstoodasdependingonthecarefulmanagementof thesix 'Non-Naturals': theaironebreathed, foodanddrink,excretions,sleep,exerciseandrepose,andthe'passionsofthesoul'.Toaclosescrutiny,however,models of prevention differed considerably in Italyand England, reflecting country-specific cultural,political and medical contexts and differentconfessionalbackgrounds.

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PROJECT NEWS PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS: SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND MENTAL HEALTH: PAST AND PRESENT PalgraveCommunications,thehumanitiesandsocialsciences journalpublishedbyPalgraveMacmillan, iscurrentlyinvitingarticleproposalsandfullpapersforthefollowingspecialissue:Socioeconomic Factors andMentalHealth: Past andPresentEditors: Professor Matthew Smith and Dr LucasRichert(UniversityofStrathclyde,UK)This article collection will examine how therelationship between socioeconomic factors andmentalhealthhasbeenandisunderstoodinanarrayofdifferentplacesandperiods.Althoughmuchofthefocus of currentmental health research and clinicalpractice is on the neurological aspects of mentalillness and psychopharmacological treatment,historicalresearchdemonstratesthatawiderangeoffactors—fromvitamindeficienciessuchaspellagra,andinfectionssuchassyphilistotraumaticlifeevents—havecontributedtotheonsetandexacerbationofmentalhealthproblems.Amongallthesefactors,onelooms largest: socioeconomic status. On the onehand, socioeconomic inequality has been longrecognisedas apotential causeofmental illness, asthe history of mental hygiene and social psychiatryduringmuchofthetwentiethcenturydemonstrates.Ontheotherhand,however,thementallyillhavealsohistorically faced much socioeconomic hardship;today, a high proportion of the homeless andincarcerated in many countries suffer from mentalillness.By exploring this topic across time and place, thiscollection aims to provide a historical context fortoday’smentalhealthcrisis,andalsotoinformcurrent

mental healthpolicy, especially attempts topreventoralleviatementalillnessthroughsocialchange.Thisisarollingarticlecollectionandassuchproposalsand submissions will be welcome throughout 2017.However, full submissions received by November 1will be considered for publication as part of thecollection’sformallaunchin2018.Proposalsshouldbesubmittedtotheeditorialofficeatpalcomms@palgrave.comMoreinfo:http://www.palgrave-journals.com/palcomms/authors/call-for-papers#Socioeconomicandhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/palcomms/Readmoreaboutthejournal’sopenaccesspolicyherehttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/palcomms/about/openaccess

WELLCOME NEWS

OPENING UP THE WELLCOME TRUST CORPORATE ARCHIVE For the first time, researchers can requestandviewmaterial from the Wellcome Trust’s own corporatearchive.Thisistheresultofatwo-yearprojecttoturnWellcome’scorporaterecords intoapublicresourceavailabletoall.Thearchiveisbeingcataloguedinfivesectionsandthefirst two, Governance and Corporate Managementand Grant Funding, are now available on the

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WellcomeLibrarycatalogue.Someindividualfilesandrecordseriesareclosedduetothepersonaldataandbusinesssensitiveinformationtheycontain,butalltheopen and restricted records can be viewed in theLibrary.TheGovernanceandCorporateManagementsection(WT/A) covers the high level managerial recordsproducedbytheWellcomeTrustsinceitsinceptionin1936.Severalfilesdocumenttheworkthatwentintoestablishing the Trust after Sir Henry Wellcome’sdeathandrevealtheeffortstheTrusteeshadtogotowindupSirHenry’saffairsanddealwithhisbequests.Thissectionalso includesall theBoardofGovernors(originallyBoardofTrustees)minutesandpapersupuntil 2013. They chart the Trust’s growth from acharity struggling under the weight of Sir HenryWellcome’sestateduty,tooneoftheworld’slargestmedical research charities funding research intohumanandanimalhealth.TheGrantFundingsection(WT/C)coverstheTrust’smany and varied funding activities. This includes allthevariousfundingpanelsandcommitteestherehavebeenover theyears,managementof specificgrantsand major funding projects such as the SangerInstituteandDiamondLightSourceandworklookingat the Trust’s funding strategies and research intopossible new areas of funding. The section alsoincludesgrantoutputsfromvariousfundingstreams,primarily relating to public engagement. Theseoutputsrangefromartworkstoeducationalresourcestotheatreproductions.The archive has already revealed a few surprisingthings. For instance, most people are aware of theWellcome Foundation share sales in the 1980s, buttherecordsshowthatasharesalewasactually firstconsideredintheearly1960s(WT/A/5/1),thoughonthatoccasionitdidn’tgoahead.Cataloguingthenextsectioniswellunderwayandwillbereleasedlaterthisyear.ItcoversWellcome’sdirectactivitiesthatisthethingstheTrustdoesitselfratherthan funds. This includes Wellcome Collection, thepolicy team and the Trust’s involvement in scienceeducation.

VictoriaSloyanisanarchivistattheWellcomeLibrary.

FPA: NEW SOURCES FOR THE HISTORY OF SEXUAL HEALTH The FPA is a UK charity which provides informationand education so that people can make informeddecisions about their own reproductive and sexualhealth.ThearchiveoftheFPAandpredecessororganisations(covering the years 1907–2013) is held at theWellcome Library and is one of our most popularcollectionswithresearchers.

In their earliest days, the FPA fought to combat thestigma around contraception and to maketrustworthy, affordable contraceptives available toeveryone.ThesaleofcontraceptiveshadneverinfactbeenillegalintheUK(aswasthecaseintheUSandIreland)butwaslimitedtothosewiththeknowledgeandmoneytogoaboutprocuringthem.MarieStopesopenedherfirstclinicin1921,throughwhich she hoped to take the distribution ofcontraceptivesawayfromthehandsofunscrupulousmerchants and to provide information and reliableproducts. But it was not until 1967 that the UKgovernment passed the National Health Service(Family Planning) Act, which enabled local healthauthoritiesinEnglandandWalestogivecontraceptiveadvice,suppliesandappliancesfreelyontheNHS.WhilethiswasessentiallythefulfilmentoftheFPA’saim, it left them in an unusual position. The earliersegments of the FPA archive focus on theircampaigning and the fight to make contraceptionrespectableandwidelyavailable.After1967weseeashift towards education and the provision ofinformation.

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The latest accrual to the FPA archive, which hasrecentlybeen catalogued, charts this transition. ThepapersoftheMedicaldepartment(SA/FPA/C/F)showtheirpreoccupationwithensuringthatcontraceptiveproducts were 100 per cent sound (and thereforesuitable for consumers). This was achieved throughstringent testingof themultitudeofproductswhichbegantofloodthemarketinthe1950s.However, the transfer of the regulation ofcontraceptiveproductstoUKgovernmentagenciesinthe 1970s meant that this function was renderedsuperfluous.TheycontinuedtopublishtheFPA’s listofapprovedcontraceptivesthroughthePublicationsdepartment (whose papers can be foundat SA/FPA/C/G)and theMedicaldepartment ceasedtoexist.

Thenew focusof theFPAmeant theEducationandInformation departments (SA/FPA/C/D andSA/FPA/C/E)playedamuchmoreimportantrolefromthe late 1970s. The Education department providedtrainingandconsultancy intheformofcoursesand,workingwiththePublicationsdepartment,produced

anenormousnumberofleaflets,bookletsandvariousother items that chart the changing attitudes tovariousmethodsoffamilyplanning.They also produced audio-visual guides to sexeducation such as ‘Danny’s Big Night‘ and ‘RhymesandReasons‘,bothofwhicharebeingdigitisedbytheWellcomeLibraryandwillbemadeavailableonlineinduecourse.The Information department supplemented thisactivity by acting as quality control on the leafletsproduced, but, as their name might suggest, theirmainrolewastheprovisionofaccurateandunbiasedinformationonfamilyplanning.Thistheyachievedbymeans of an enquiry service and a library andinformationservice.In 2013, the FPA also donated its collection of greyliterature fromotherorganisations to theWellcomeLibrary. Now catalogued and available, this is a richand diverse accumulation of approximately 650leaflets, comics, booklets etc., many of which areuniqueorrareintheUK.Togethertheyformawide-ranging collection on many aspects of reproductiveandsexualhealthcoveringtheperiod1969to2011.Peter Judge was a Consultant Archivist at theWellcomeLibrary.

CENTRE NEWS CENTRE FOR THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE AND GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY While the rest of the UK has been roasting like amarshmallow on a campfire, staff and students atCSHHH Glasgow have had to stay busy to keepwarm—but these efforts have been payingoff. Among our recent publication, graduation andfunding successes include the editedvolume Deinstitutionalisation and After: Post-WarPsychiatry in the Western World, edited by former

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CSHHH fellow Despo Kritsotaki, along with CSHHHstaffVickyLongandMattSmith.ThevolumeisinthePalgrave series ‘Mental Health in HistoricalPerspective’,editedbySmith.ElsaRichardson’snewbook is also hot off the press: Second Sight in theNineteenthCentury (Palgrave). CSHHHGlasgowalsosawWellcomeTrust-fundedPhDstudentThoraHandsgraduate. Many of our current PhD students havebeenverybusywithinternshipsbothinScotlandandabroad. They will also be busy in October, whenCSHHH Glasgow hosts the SSHM PostgraduateConference in Shanghai. Funding successes haveincluded Wellcome Trust Seed Awards for JanetGreenlees, Vicky Long andMatthew Smith. Finally,MattwillbesteppingdownasCSHHHco-director inAugust,with JimMills serving in an interimcapacityuntilLauraKellystartsa3-yearterminJanuary2018

LONELY HEARTS PHD STUDENTSHIP IN MEDICAL HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON SupervisorsDrMichaelBrown(Humanities)DrLouiseLee(EnglishandCreativeWriting)ProjectdetailThis PhD studentship is part of a Wellcome TrustInvestigatorAwardheldbyDrMichaelBrownof theDepartment of Humanities entitled ‘A Theatre ofEmotions: The Affective Landscape of Nineteenth-Century British Surgery'. The project as a whole isconcernedtoexplorethecomplexemotionalculturesofsurgeryinnineteenth-centuryBritainaswellastoencouragediscussionand reflectionabout theplaceofemotionsincontemporarysurgicalpractice.The successful applicant will work with Dr MichaelBrown (History) and Dr Louise Lee (English andCreative Writing) to explore the representation ofemotionandthemedicalinnineteenth-centuryBritishliterature. The remit is broad, butmay include suchtopics as the depiction of medical and surgicalpractitionersand their relationshipswithpatientsaswell as the literary representations of emotion and

illness.Theprojectisinterdisciplinarybutafamiliaritywithliterarytextsandapproachesisdesirable.RequirementsApplicantsshouldhaveatleasta2:1Honoursdegree(or equivalent) in History, English Literature or arelatedsubjectandarelevantMaster’sdegree.FundingThis PhD is fully-funded by theWellcome Trust andcoversHome/EUfees,aswellasanannualstipendatcurrent Wellcome rates. It also includes £1,500towards the costs of attending academic meetingsand conferences, and additional research expensesincludingthecostofoverseasfieldwork,ifjustifiable.NBInternationalapplicantswouldneedtobeabletopay thedifferencebetweenHome/EUandOverseasfeesforthedurationoftheprogramme.HowtoApplyInterested applicants should visit the RoehamptonGraduateSchoolwebsitefordetailsoftheapplicationprocess:https://www.roehampton.ac.uk/graduate-school/funding/Interviews are expected to be held in the weekcommencing7August.Ifyouwishtohaveaninformaldiscussionabouttheprojectpriortosubmittingyourapplication,youcancontactDrMichaelBrownmichael.brown@roehampton.ac.uk RESEARCH ASSOCIATE: MEDICAL INTERVENTION OR DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD ThenewlyestablishedWellcomeCentreforEthicsandHumanitiesseekstworesearchersinHistoryaspartofitsprogrammeofresearchonchallengestoethicsandthe humanities presented by advances inneuroscience, big data, genomics, and globalconnectedness.The researchers will work individually andcollaborativelywithresearchersfromotherdisciplines

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who are addressing the Centre’s principal researchthemes.OneoftheHistoryresearcherswillfocusonthe history of disease surveillance and/or medicalintelligenceandtheotheronmedicalinterventionsinthe context of international or global health, withinthe broader framework of the challenges presentedby globalisation. Both researcherswillmanage theirownacademicresearchandadministrativeactivities,contribute ideas fornewprojectsandcollaborate inthepreparationofpublications.The successful applicants will hold a relevantdoctorate (or show evidence that a doctorate isimminent) with applicable experience and sufficientspecialistknowledge.Excellentcommunicationskills,acapacityforindependentresearchandtheabilitytowork collaboratively and innovatively within a teamareessential.Thetwopostswillbetenablefrom1October2017for36-months full-time but may be held part-time at0.5FTE for the first year if necessary. Applicants arerequiredtosubmitaresearchproposalaspartoftheirapplication:thosewhowishtobeconsideredforbothpostsshouldsubmittwoproposals.The deadline for applications is 12.00 noon onWednesday 2 August 2017. Applications must bemade online. To apply for this role and for furtherdetails, including the job description and selectioncriteria,pleaseclickonthelinkbelow.Applicationsareparticularly welcome from women and black andminority ethnic candidates who are under-representedinresearchpostsinOxford. GENDER AND MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND C.1970-C.1990, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE AND THE SCOTTISH MENTAL HEALTH FOUNDATION LocationUniversityofGlasgow

SummaryFromthe1970smanyWestofScotlandcommunitiesexperiencedtheprofoundstructuralchangesthatwenowcallde-industrialisation.Thelossofemploymentintheheavyandextractiveindustrieshadasignificantpublic health impact upon the men and women ofthosecommunitiesintermsoftheirphysicalbutalsomental wellbeing. This project, situated at theintersection between gender history and healthhistoryandprofitingfromtheexperienceofaleadingmentalhealthadvocacyorganisation,willexploretherelationship between deindustrialisation andmentalillness,determininginparticularhowgenderaffectedtheabilityofindividualstoadapttosuchmomentouschangesintheirsocial,economicandemotionallives.AimsandObjectivesProvideanhistoricalunderstandingoftherelationshipbetween mental health outcomes and genderidentitiesandrolesandto informcurrentpolicyandpracticeinmentalhealthprovision.• Providehistoricalinsightsintothe‘Glasgow

Effect’,bybringingtogetherresearchonhealthandwellbeingandgender

• WorkwiththeMentalHealthFoundationScotlandtoidentifyrelevantresearchandpracticalmeansofsupportwithinthesecommunitiesastheyre-structure.

• Produceaseriesofbriefingsfortheresearchcommunityontherelationshipbetweengenderandmentalhealthinthecontextofcommunitiesundergoingprofoundeconomicandsocialchange

ResearchQuestionWhat can a comparison of working class men andwomen’sexperiencesofmentalhealth tell usaboutthegenderingofmentalhealthexperience,diagnosisand treatment under conditions of de-industrialisation?ResearchMethodsQualitativeandquantitativeresearchmethodswillbeutilised. The primary research will utilise details ofwork,employmentandhousing resettlement.Broadpatterns of healthwill be compiled using data frommedical journals and the records ofmedical groups

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held by NHS Greater Glasgow. Qualitative sourcesincludesocialworkreportsandoralhistoryinterviewswith men, women and medical professionals.Underpinning all of this will be the insights andexperienceoftheMentalHealthFoundationwhowillbeabletoofferadviceandguidancewithrespecttointerpretationandalso,inrelationtotheoralhistory,practiceandethics.SupervisorsLynn Abrams, Professor of Modern History at theUniversityofGlasgowisaleadingscholarinthehistoryof gender and in the theory and practice of oralhistory.SheisalsoamemberoftheCentreforGenderHistory. http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/humanities/staff/lynnabrams/MatthewSmith isProfessorofHealthHistoryat theUniversityofStrathclydeandco-DirectoroftheCentrefortheSocialHistoryofHealthandHealthcare.Heisaleadinghistorianofmedicinewithparticularexpertiseinmentalhealth.https://www.strath.ac.uk/staff/smithmatthewdr/LeeKniftonisHeadofTheMentalHealthFoundationfor Scotland where he leads the policy, research,programmes and external relations teams. He hasextensive experience of working in the NHS, theUniversity and Third sectors in the field of mentalhealth.https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/scotlandEntryRequirementsBA degree (at least a 2i) in a relevant subject. MAdegreeinarelevantsubject(awardedorpending)HowtoApplyCandidates should applywith a letter of applicationwhich explains theirmotivation for applying for thisstudentship and outlines their relevant skills andexperience in relation to this research project. Thelettershouldbeaccompaniedbyafullcvandasamplepieceofwriting (suchasapieceofMAcoursework,chapterfromadissertationorsimilar).Applications should be sent to humanities-scholarships@glasgow.ac.uk by email by 31 July2017. Please put ‘SGSARCS mental health’ in the

Subjectline.InterviewswillbeheldinAugust.InformalenquiriescanbemadetoLynn.abrams@glasgow.ac.uk PHD FELLOWSHIPS AT THE MEDICAL MUSEION, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Two3-yearPhD fellowshipsareavailableatMedicalMuseion, University of Copenhagen, starting on 1December2017orassoonaspossiblethereafter.ThepositionMedicalMuseionisseekingtwonewPhDcandidatesto join an innovative and exciting house whereresearch,museumworkandpublicengagementarebrought together at the intersection of medicine,culture and society.MedicalMuseion is a universityresearchdepartmentaswellasapublicmuseumandwebelieveitmakesadifferencetodoresearchwithina public environment, where new ideas andunderstandings can be brought to light. Ourexhibitionsandeventsareoftenapproachedasakindof laboratory for research,andwearekeentopushtheboundariesofwhatresearchmightbe,andwhatitcanleadto.We are fundamentally concerned with the place ofmedicine within social and cultural contexts andwelcomedifferentperspectivesonourrelationshiptothe body, health and the existential sides of ourphysical being; as well as the materiality, history,philosophy, aesthetics, and epistemic workings ofmedicalscience.Weholdsomeofthefinestandmostfascinating medical/historical collections in Europe,andarekeentoknowmuchmoreaboutthem,aswellas how they can be inspiringly used in a museumenvironment.Wearealsointerestedinpractice-basedresearch that touches on curatorial practice, visitorexperience,andexhibitiondesign.Our fields of study are thus inevitably broad; anecology where interdisciplinary investigations canthrive. The disciplines and methods that we findrelevantcouldbegatheredundertheumbrellatermCritical Medical Humanities, including History ofMedicine and Science, Science and Technology

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Studies,PhilosophyofMedicine,MedicalHumanities,Material Culture Studies, Museology, and ScienceCommunication.Qualifications• AMAinarelevantfieldisrequired• Documentedexperiencewithmuseumworkorpublicengagementisdesirable

• Demonstrableinterestinmedicalsciencesisdesirable

• Youmustbeenterprisingandpossessgoodinterpersonalskills

Itisaprerequisitethatthecandidatecanbeandisnotalready enrolled as a PhD student at the faculty ofHealth and Medical Sciences, University ofCopenhagen.EmploymentConditionsSalaryandothertermsandconditionsofappointmentare set in accordancewith the Agreement betweentheMinistryofFinanceandAC(DanishConfederationof Professional Associations) or other relevantprofessional organizations. In addition to theseniority-based salary, the appointeewill receive anannual supplement of currently DKK 15,532.44 DKKand additional bonuses may be negotiated on anindividualbasis.The PhD fellow is obliged to carry out – withoutadditional pay – allocated teaching or museum-relatedtasksofupto840workinghoursduringtheirperiodofemployment.ApplicationPlease submit your application no later than 29September2017.Theapplicationshouldincludea• Coverletter• Projectdescriptionincludinghowthemuseum,its

activitiesoritscollectionsmightplayaroleinyourresearch(max4pages)

• CurriculumVitaewithpublicationlist(max2pages)

Degree certificates should be supplied if candidatesareofferedaninterview.

For queries about the positions please contactAssociateProfessorKarinTybjergkarin.tybjerg@sund.ku.uk.After theexpiryof thedeadline forapplications, theauthorized recruitment manager selects applicantsforassessmentontheadviceoftheAppointmentsCommittee. All applicants are then immediatelynotifiedwhethertheirapplicationhasbeenpassedfor assessment by an expert assessmentcommittee.Selectedapplicantsarenotifiedofthecompositionof thecommitteeandeachapplicanthastheopportunitytocommentonthepartoftheassessment that relates to the applicanthim/herself. The assessment committee will thenselectcandidatesforinterviewsscheduledforearlyNovember. You can read more about therecruitmentprocessathttp://employment.ku.dk.General information about PhD programs at theFacultyofHealthandMedicalSciencesisavailableattheGraduateSchool’swebsiteathttp://healthsciences.ku.dk/phd/.Medical Museion has close connections withWellcome Collection in the UK and theirinterdisciplinaryresearchspaceTheHub,andPhDstudentswillhavethepossibilityofresearchstaysinthisenvironmentThe Faculty of Health and Medical Sciencescomprises app. 7500 students, app. 1500 PhDstudents and app. 3200 employees. The Facultycreatesnewknowledgeandrecognitionthroughitscore activities: research, teaching, knowledgesharing and communication. With basic researchfieldsrangingfrommolecularstudiestostudiesofsociety,theFacultycontributestoahealthyfuturethrough its graduates, research findings andinventions for the benefit of patients and thecommunity.

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