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GENDERINHUMANITARIANACTIONTRAININGOFTRAINERSWORKSHOPYangon/Myanmar,23-26April2019

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3

BACKGROUND 4

TRAININGOVERVIEW 6

TRAININGDAY1 7

SESSIONI:WHATISGENDER?–KEYGENDERCONCEPTS 7SESSIONII:GENDER,DIVERSITYANDINTERSECTIONALITY 9SESSIONIII:WHYGENDERINHUMANITARIANACTION? 11

TRAININGDAY2 13

SESSIONIV:THEHUMANITARIANARCHITECTURE 13SESSIONV:CONTEXTOVERVIEW:CRISISINMYANMAR 15SESSIONVI:GENDEREQUALITYANDHUMANITARIANLEGALANDNORMATIVEFRAMEWORKS 16SESSIONVII:PANELDISCUSSIONONPROMOTINGGENDEREQUALITYINHUMANITARIANACTIONANDTHEROLEOFCSOSINHUMANITARIANACTIONINMYANMAR 17SESSIONVIII:GENDERANDTHEHUMANITARIANPROGRAMMECYCLE 18SESSIONIX:IASCGENDERWITHAGEMARKER 18SESSIONX:PROTECTIONAGAINSTSEXUALEXPLOITATIONANDABUSE(PSEA) 19

TRAININGDAY3 20

SESSIONXI:SEX,AGE,ANDDIVERSITYDISAGGREGATEDDATA 20SESSIONXII:GENDER-SENSITIVEASSESSMENT 21SESSIONXIII:GENDERMAINSTREAMING 22SESSIONXIV:GENDER-BASEDVIOLENCE(GBV) 22

TRAININGDAY4 23

SESSIONXV:ADULTLEARNINGANDTRAININGTIPS&TURNINGKNOWLEDGEINTOPRACTICE 23SESSIONXVI:WAYFORWARD:ACTIONPLANNINGFORGIHA 24MYANMAR 24

CONCLUSION 25

ANNEXES 26

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INTRODUCTION

The Gender in HumanitarianAction training oftrainers(ToT)workshop,whichtookplacefrom23to26April2019inYangon/Myanmar,wasde-signedtomeetthedemandfordedicatedtrain-ingongenderinhumanitarianaction(GiHA),en-ablinghumanitarianpractitionerstohaveanin-creased understanding of gender equality pro-gramminganditsapplicabilityintheirrespectiveareas of work. The GiHA ToT provided partici-pantswithavarietyofpracticalandtransferabletoolsongenderthataimed tostrengthentheircapacity to integrate gender equality program-mingincluster/sector-widehumanitarianaction,withafocusonimplementinggendertransform-ativeapproaches.

ThetrainingwasorganizedbyUNWomenincol-laborationwiththeUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)and the United Nations Population Fund (UN-FPA)onbehalfoftheInter-ClusterCoordinationGroup inMyanmar andwith funding from UNWomen. The training was facilitated by MarieSophie Pettersson, Programme Specialist Hu-manitarian Action and Resilience Building, UNWomen;AyeThiriKyaw,SeniorNationalCoordi-nationOfficer,OCHA;SuMon,GBVProgrammeAnalyst,UNFPA;andChowSu,GBVProgrammeAnalyst,UNFPA.

TRAININGOBJECTIVES

Thetrainingwasdesignedasatrainingoftrain-erstoenabletrainedparticipantstoformapooloflocalGiHAtrainerstosupportconductingfur-ther GiHA trainings in Myanmar and tostrengthengendermainstreamingeffortsacrosshumanitarianresponseeffortsinMyanmar.

Theobjectivesofthetrainingweretoprovideparticipantstheskillsto:

§ Define key terms of gender and genderequalityinhumanitarianaction;

§ Strengthen the integration of genderequalitymeasuresintotheHumanitarianProgrammeCycle (HPC)by learninghowtousedifferentgendertoolsandbycre-atingapracticalgenderlens;

§ Support the clusters/sectors in develop-ing gender assessments, analysis andstrategies; and facilitate coordinationprocesses that meaningfully integratecriticalgender,vulnerabilityandcapacitydimensions;

§ Articulateclearlytheimperativeforgen-derequalityprogramminginthehumani-tarianlegalandarchitectureframeworks;

§ Strengthengendermainstreamingeffortsacross humanitarian response efforts inMyanmar;

§ Create actionplans of how to apply thegainedknowledgefromtheworkshopinpractice.

Thetrainingtargetedmainlylocalstaffmembersfrom different humanitarian sectors, clustersandworkinggroupsacrossdifferentgeograph-ical areas in Myanmar including from YangonandNayPyiTawaswellasfromRakhine,Kachin,KayinandShanstates.Atotalof37participantsattendedthetraining.Thisincludedrepresenta-tives from Lutheran World Federation (LWF),PlanInternational,ActionContreLaFaim,SavetheChildren,AgencyforTechnicalCooperationand Development (ACTED), International Com-mitteeoftheRedCross(ICRC),ActionAid,ReliefInternational, Myanmar Red Cross Society(MRCS), Community Partners International(CPI), Danish Refugee Council (DRC), Interna-tionalRescueCommittee(IRC),CommunityandFamilyServicesInternational(CFSI),NyeinFoun-dation, Metta Development Foundation, Troi-caire, Solidarité International, World Vision,KBC-HDD (MKA), KMSS-MKA, Shalom, UNOPS,UNICEF,WHO,UNAIDS,UNWomen,UNFPAandOCHA.

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BACKGROUND

Protectinghumanrightsandpromotinggenderequality is central to humanitarian action. ThecrisesinKachin,NorthernShanandRakhine(My-anmar)havedifferent impactsonwomen,girls,boysandmenamongcrisis-affectedpopulationsbasedongender, age, disability, ethnicity, reli-gion, citizenship status, sexual orientation andgenderidentity,andotherdiversities.Thecrisesdisproportionately affect women and girls, aswell as the most vulnerable and marginalizedpopulationgroups,byperpetuatingandexacer-batingpre-existing,persistentgenderandsocialinequalities, gender-based violence (GBV), anddiscrimination.Thesegenderedbarriers leadtoa lower ability and opportunity of women andgirls,andthemostvulnerableandmarginalizedtosurviveandrecoverfromcrises,includingac-cessing scarce and overstretched humanitarianreliefservices,aswellaslowerresilienceagainstand influence in preventing future shocks andconflictescalation.

Notably,pre-existinggendernormsofrolesalsoshape the differential impact of the crises onmen andboys,whohavebeenexposed to hu-man rights violations due to performing theirgenderrolesasheadsofhouseholdsandbread-winners. Evidence from disasters and crises inthe Asia-Pacific region demonstrate that Les-bian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, andQueer(LGBTIQ)personsfaceincreasedvulnera-bility, particular risks anddiscriminationduringtimesofcrisisandincrisisaftermaths,includingdue to discriminatory laws and socio-culturalpracticeswhichcancreatebarrierstotheirsafeandequitableaccesstorelief,servicesandinfor-mationandrenderthemparticularlyvulnerableto sexual and GBV and other forms of harass-mentandabuse.

Addressinggenderequalityduringahumanitar-iancrisisthereforeimpliesplanningandimplem-

menting humanitarian programming that ad-dressesthespecificneedsofdifferentgroupsinacommunity.Strengthenedeffortstointegrategender equality measures into the crisis re-sponses,aswellaspreparedness,recoveryandresiliencebuildingprocesses,iscriticaltoensur-ingthatallwomen,girl,boys,andmen—partic-ularlythemostvulnerableandmarginalized—have equitable access to and benefit equallyfrom relief, services, information, communitylevelactivitiesanddecisionmaking.Humanitar-ianresponsesoftenmissopportunitiestotrans-form gender relations through the leadershipandempowermentofwomenandgirlsintheirrole as decision makers, first responders andeconomic actors — notwithstanding the factthatthesearekeytoresponseeffectivenessandtocommunities’ longer-termresilienceandso-cialcohesion.

Over the past few years, there have beenstrengthened efforts to place gender equalityand the empowerment of women and girls(GEEWG)atthecentreofhumanitarianaction,as well as across the humanitarian-develop-ment-peacenexus,inMyanmarwhichhasledtochangesinthelivesofcrisisaffectedwomenandgirls in thecountry. SmritiAryal,HumanitarianActionandResilienceBuildingRegionalAdviser,UNWomenRegionalOfficeforAsiaandthePa-cific,highlightedduringheropeningremarksoftheGiHAToTworkshopinYangon:

“InMyanmar,underHCTleadership,human-itarian actors have progressively increasedefforts on gender mainstreaming over thepastyears.Whatweneednowisdedicatedandstronggendercapacitytobeabletotakeforward these commitments through a ro-bustimplementationeffort.”

Smriti Aryal, UNWomen Regional Hu-manitarianActionandResilienceBuild-ingAdviser

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GEEWGcommitmentsare integratedascentralandcross-cuttinginthe2019MyanmarHumani-tarianResponsePlan,HumanitarianNeedsOver-view and Emergency Response PreparednessPlanto informgender-responsivehumanitarianaction.WithtechnicalsupportfromUNWomen,theMyanmarHumanitarianFundensured100%compliancewiththeIASCgendermarkerforallitsproposal rounds in2017and2018whichin-creased financingofGEEWGhumanitarianpro-gramming.Topromotethevoicesandinfluencewomenandtheiradvocatesinhumanitarianac-tion, UN Women organized a consultation onpromoting GEEWG across the humanitarian-peace-developmentnexusinKachinStateon6-7August 2018 together with the Kachin StateWomenNetworkwhichledtothedevelopmentofaCommonCharterofDemandsbyWomen’sGroupsinKachinStatecirculatedwiththeKachinStateGovernmentandtheHumanitarianCoun-try Team. To strengthen gendered evidencebase,UNWomenledthedevelopmentofthe

MyanmarGenderinHumanitarianAction(GiHA)Profilethroughconsultationswithhumanitarianandgenderactorsatnationalandsub-nationallevelwhichwill serve as a guidance and advo-cacytoolto informgender-responsivehumani-tarianactioninMyanmarin2019andwillbeup-datedonanannualbasis.TooperationalizetheGiHAprofile,UNWomenandUNFPAledthede-velopmentofa2019GiHAactionplansubmittedfor final ICCG and HCT endorsement inMarch2019toinformkeypriorityactivitiesin2019.

Strengtheningthecapacityofhumanitarianac-torsconstitutesoneofthekeypriorityactionsintheMyanmarGiHAActionPlaninordertoen-hanceaccountabilityoftheGovernment,donorsandtheHCTtoimplementtheIASCGEEWGpol-icycommitments,includingthroughprovisionofGiHA training and strengthening the gendermainstreamingcoordinationmechanismswithinthe humanitarian architecture at the nationalandsubnationallevel.

SmritiAryal,HumanitarianActionandResilienceBuildingRegionalAdviser,UNWomenRegionalOfficeforAsiaandthePacific,

givingtheopeningspeechoftheGiHAToT.PhotoCredit:YuliaBoyko/UNWomen.

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TRAININGOVERVIEW

TrainingStructure

Day1 Day2 Day3 Day4

WhatisGender?–KeyGenderCon-cepts

ContextOverview:Cri-sesinMyanmarandgenderandhumanitar-ianarchitecture

Sex,AgeandDisabilityDisaggregatedData(SADDD)andGender-SensitiveAssessment

AdultlearningandTrainingtips

GenderEqualityandHu-manitarianLegalandNormativeFrameworks

TurningtheGainedKnowledgeintoPrac-tice:GroupPresenta-tions

KeyCSOExpertstakeonpromotingGenderEqualityinHumanitar-ianActioninMyanmar

GenderMainstreamingKeyConcepts

Wayforward:ActionPlanningforGiHAinMyanmar

Gender,DiversityandIntersectionality

GenderandtheHuman-itarianProgrammeCycle

GenderMainstreaminginSector/Cross-SectorHumanitarianProgram-ming

WhyGiHA?&Keyapproachesforef-fectivegender-inte-gratedhumanitarianresponse

GenderwithAgeMarker

GenderEqualityHu-manitarianProgram-ming–Women’sLead-ership,Empowerment,AccessandParticipation

ProtectionagainstSex-ualExploitationandAbuse(PSEA)

AddressingGenderBasedViolence(GBV)

Thethreeandahalf-dayGiHAToTworkshopwasbuiltonavarietyofmethodologies,stressingac-tivelearningthrougharangeofsmall-groupex-ercises,role-plays,quizzes,presentations,team,and individual activities. The training was in-tendedtobepractice-oriented:aminimalnum-ber of didactic sessions presented frameworkswhichwerethenappliedthroughexercisesandcase studies to allow participants to see howgeneralprinciplesapplytotheirgeographicsitu-ation. The training design also placed a strongemphasis on theneed for practical tips to sup-port and implement gender equality program-mingactivitiesincomplexhumanitariansettingsinMyanmaraswellaswithintheHPC.

Thetrainingwascomposedofsessionsarticu-

lated around principles of gender and genderequalityusedinhumanitariansettings,theirap-plicability in thehumanitarian legalframeworkandwithin each element of theHPC. The ses-sions allowed participants to familiarize them-selves with tools strengthening their genderanalysiscompetencesuchastheimportanceofcollecting sex, age and diversity disaggregateddataandthenewGenderwithAgeMarkertool.

Illustratedbyanaveragescoreof68%whichtheparticipantsachievedinthepre-workshoptest,theparticipants’knowledgeonGiHApriortotheToT was rather high. Overall, the workshopgroupwasverystrongandremainedhighlyen-gaged throughout the training. A pre-/post-workshopanalysisshowedanincreaseof7%intheparticipants’GiHAunderstandinguponcom-pletionoftheToT.

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TrainingDay1

SESSIONI:WHATISGENDER?–KEYGENDERCONCEPTS

GenderSocializationExercise

Throughamixofpresentationsandinter-activeactivities and games, the first session of theworkshop allowed participants to develop abasicunderstandingofgenderconceptsaswellastheimpactofgendernorms,genderroleste-reotypingandpowerrelationsinregardstogen-derequalityandgenderequity.Itenabledpartic-ipants to revise their knowledge of conceptssuchassex,gender,gender identity,sexualori-entation,andgroupgendernormsandroles.

“WhileIwasalreadyawareofbasicgenderandgendermainstreamingconceptsbeforethisworkshop,thistraininghasenabledmetogainamorein-depththeoreticalandprac-tical understanding of these concepts andtools,whichmakesmeconfidentaboutcon-ductingGiHAtrainingsmyselfinthefuture,”JulieNgefromOCHA,Sittwe,saidduringtheevaluation session of the GiHA ToT work-shop.

The Gender Socialization Exercise served as an‘ice-breaker’ andcreated awareness on genderissuesfromapersonalperspective.

Participantssharedanddiscussedfirstingroupsandsubsequently inplenary thedifferentprivi-legesandvulnerabilitiesthatwomen,men,boysand girls face as well as the participants’ firstmemorieswhen they realized being treated incertainwaysbasedontheirgender.

1.Examplesofparticipants’firstmemoriesofwhentheybecameawareoftheirgender

§ Whilegirlsandboysusedtobe friendsduringprimaryschoolgrade,theywerenot allowed tomingle anymore duringsecondaryschoolandgirlswereprohib-itedtospendtimeoutsidethehouse;

§ Boyswhowantedtoweargirls’clotheswereforbiddentodoso;

§ Priorityforeducationwasgiventoboysovergirls;

§ Womenfacedhigherrequirementsthanmen regardingentrancemarks for uni-versitiesforsomesubjects.

2.Privilegesandvulnerabilitiesbasedongen-der.

Participantsperceivedwomeningeneralaslessprivilegedandmorevulnerableduetoprevailingreligious and socio-cultural norms. Examplesraisedduring thediscussion includedwomen’sandgirls’discriminationintermsofeducationalopportunities, their restrictions in freedom ofmovementaswellasinareassuchaseducation,workplaceanddecision-making.

Participantsdiscussinggenderedprivilegesandvulnerabil-

ities.PhotoCredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

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GenderandSexRelayRace

TheSocializationExercisewasfollowedbytheGen-derRelayRace,inwhichtheparticipantscompetedinthreeteamsagainsteachotherbywritingattrib-utestheythinkrelatetomenorwomeninthecon-textofgenderorsex.Thepurposeoftherelayracewas to explore participants’ understandings andbeliefsaboutgenderversussex.

After the Gender and Sex Relay Race, partici-pantsdiscussedinplenarythemeanings,defini-tionsandexamplesofimportantkeygendercon-cepts such as gender roles and norms, gendermainstreaming,genderidentity,genderequality

andgenderequity.Subsequently,thediscussionevolved around terms such as sexual orienta-tion, sexual discrimination and discriminationagainstwomen.

§ GenderEqualitybenefitsnotonlywomenbutthesocietyasawholeinmanydif-

ferentways,e.g.itleadstoacountry’seconomicdevelopmentandthestrength-eningofpeace-buildingprocessesaswellastoadecreaseinGBV.

§ Gender issociallyconstructedthroughasocializationprocessandhence,genderconceptschangeovertime.

§ Gendermainstreamingmeans thatgenderaspectsneeds tobeconsideredinallthedifferenthumanitariansectorsandclustersandthedifferentneedsofwomen,girls,men andboys across different ages, abilities, sexual orientations, genders,etc. need to be assessed and considered in all stages of the Humanitarian Pro-grammeCycle.

§ Gender equality and gender equity (substantive gender equality) are differentterms.Weshouldstriveforsubstantivegenderequality.

KeyTakeawaysfromtheGenderSession:

§ Whilewomenfaceproportionallymorediscriminationsbasedontheirgen-der,itisessentialtoconsiderthatmenandboysalsofacecertaindiscrimi-nations.

ParticipantsduringtheGenderandSexRelayRace.PhotoCredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

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SESSIONII:GENDER,DIVERSITYANDINTERSECTIONALITY

PowerandPrivilege

Trough the Power Walk activity, participantswereabletoexploretheconceptofpowerandprivilege.EachparticipantwasgivenacharacteradaptedtothecontextofMyanmarwhichtheyhadtoempathizewithandroleplayduringtheactivity.Upondistributionofthecharactercards,theparticipantswererequestedtostandinalineandtotakeastepforwardiftheyareabletoex-ercisethestatementswhichthefacilitatorreadoutloud.

The facilitator read a series of statements andaskedparticipants to step forward if the state-mentwastrueforthemandtostaywheretheyarestandingif thestatementwasnottrue.Foreach true statement, the participant took onestepforward.Attheendofthetraining,partici-pantswerestandinginmanydifferentareasandaskedtoreflectonwhytheircharacterwasfar-theraheadthanothers.

DuringtheplenarydiscussionofthePowerWalkexercise,participants shared theways inwhichtheyfelttheircharacterwasprivilegedandways

in which their character experienced disad-vantages.ParticipantswhoreachedthefrontofthePowerWalkrepresentingsystematicallyad-vantagedpeoplesharedthattheyfeltprivileged,confident and convinced that they would notfacemajorchallenges intheirlivesduetotheirstatuses, identitiesandconditions.ParticipantswhoremainedatthebackofthePowerWalkex-pressed feelings of disadvantage, discourage-ment,fearfulness, insecurity,hopelessnessandconcernsabout their lackofaccess tohumani-tarian services and infrastructure. One of theparticipants sharedthe following feelingaboutthePowerWalkexercise:

KeyTakeaways:

• Powerandprivilegecomeinseveraldifferentforms,e.g.throughbeingmale,beingwealthy,havingahighgovernmentposition,etc.

• Somedisadvantagesaremore“hidden”butcanseemmoreimpactfulataper-sonallevel–e.g.awomanwhoisasurvivor/victimofsexualandgenderbasedviolencemay see this asherbiggest barrier anddisadvantage to engaging insociety, even if she is otherwise advantaged. It is essential for humanitarianworkerstounderstandthesemoreinvisiblepowerfactorsasbestaspossibletomeetthedifferentneedsofthetargetpopulationbasedontheirdifferentvul-nerabilities.

• Differentdynamics need to be taken into accountwhen planning and imple-mentinghumanitarianprogrammes.Forexample,apersonwhocomesfromawealthyfamilymayhavecertainprivilegesbutmayfacevulnerabilitiesbecauseofotherfactors,e.g.basedontheperson’ssexualorientation.

• Whilethosewithgreateradvantagesaremuchmorelikelytoreceiveassistance,surviveandrecoverfromdisaster,peoplewhoaresystematicallydisadvantagedfacearangeofprotectionrisks.

• Personswithauthorityandpersonswhodonotpossessanymajorsys-tematicdisadvantagescanalsobecomevulnerabledependingonhowtheiridentitiesorcharacteristicsareperceivedinthelocalcontext,e.g.humanitarian aidworkers who are perceived negatively by the localmediaofthecountrywheretheyworkorwhobecometargetsofvio-lence.

“I learnt through the Power Walk activitiythat in real life, there are situationswherepeople have no access to anything. There-fore,it is importantforthepeoplewhoaresystematically advantaged to be aware ofwhatpoliciesandprogrammesshouldbeim-plemented to support the people who aresystematicallydisadvantagedinordertoen-surethatnooneisleftbehind.”

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DiversityandIntersectionality

The intersectionality session strengthened theparticipants’awarenessthatgendershouldnotbe treated as an isolated category of analysissincevariousothercategories,suchasclass,eth-nicity,age,etc.interactwithgenderandtheen-vironmentapersonlivesinandhence,mediatespersonal agency and power. Through differentcasestudiesandtheuseoftheintersectionalitywheel (pictured below), the participants werethoughtabouttheimportanceofconsideringallrelevant identity aspects when mainstreaminggenderinhumanitarianactioninordertoensurethatwomen,girls,menandboysareallabletoparticipate meaningfully and benefit equallyfromhumanitarianinterventions.

Through a group exercise, participants usedcharactersfromthePowerWalkto identifydif-ferent advantages and disadvantages peoplemighthaveduringadisastersituation.Bymeans

of the intersectionality wheel as an analyticaltool,theythendiscussedhowthedifferentas-pectsofidentitiescouldtranslatetocapabilitiesor vulnerabilities in a disaster context. Partici-pants identified systematically advantaged andsystematicallydisadvantagedgroupsofpersonsamongtheircharactersandexplainedthediffer-ent vulnerabilities and protection risks versustheprivilegeswhichthecharactersthey repre-sentedmayface,withafocusonthehumanitar-iancontext.

Thefactorsrepresentedintheintersectionalitywheel determine if a person is systematicallymoreadvantagedordisadvantaged.E.g.evenifapersonismale,thispersoncansystematicallybedisadvantagedifforexample,thispersonsuf-fersfromachronicdiseaseandisfroma lowerclass.Alldifferentfactorsneedtobetakenintoaccount when planning and implementing hu-manitarianprogrammes.

TheIntersectionalityWheel

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SESSIONIII:WHYGENDERINHUMANITARIANACTION?

CaseStudyI:FoodSecurity

The final sessionofDay I explored the reasonswhyGiHA is important by theanalysis of threecasestudies,inwhichalackofadequategendermainstreaming during the planning and imple-mentation phase of humanitarian programmesledtogenderedoutcomes.Bymeansofagenderlens,participantshadtofindoutwhatthepoten-tialreasonswerefortherespectiveoutcomesofthe three scenarios and were encouraged tobrainstormways inwhichtheseincidentscouldhaveprevented.

Through the case study examples, participantslearntthattheneeds, realitiesandexperiencesofwomen,girls,menandboysaredifferentandthatitisthereforeessentialtostriveforequal

representationofwomenandmen in humani-tarianprogrammingandinterventions,asother-wise,certaingroupsmaybeleftbehind.Moreo-ver,thecasestudyexerciseillustratedthatcrisissettings can determine the future and longerterm development of the affected populationand if gender issues are notconsidered at theimmediate outbreak of a crisis, the impact ofgender norms can deteriorate in the long-run.Asaresult,theapplicationofagenderlensdur-ing humanitarian action, including the integra-tion of substantive gender equality considera-tionsintotheentireHPC,iscrucialinordertobeable to transform discriminatory gender prac-tices.

The majority of male youth living in IDPcampsshowedsignsofmalnutrition.WFPincreased their rations but malnutritioncontinuedandsomeoftheyouthdied.EFPconducted an assessment to identify theproblemandtofindasolution.

Whatdoyouthinktheyfound?

How do you think we can resolve theproblem?

Samplesofparticipants’responses: - Rationswerenotenough.- Foodrationsweresoldto

generateanincome.- Womenwereprioritized

forfoodrations.

ActualCause: Themaleyouthliving inthe IDPcampswere not taught how to cook the foodthatwas distributed. Because cooking is tradi-tionallyawoman’srole,themaleyouthdidnotknowthattheyneededtocookthefoodbeforeconsumingitorhow.Thisissuecouldhavebeenresolvedinnumerousways,byeitherprovidinglessons onhowtocook the food for themaleyouth,ordistributingfoodthatdidnotneedtobecooked.

"For humanitarian programmes to en-surethedignityofallpeople,anincreasein gender budget is needed. We alsoneedtoavoidthatgenderconceptsarelimitedtowomenandmenonly,asthisexcludesmanyothergenders andmar-ginalizedgroupsfrommeaningfullypar-ticipatingandbenefitting fromhumani-tarianaction,AyeThiriKyaw,SeniorNa-tional Coordination Officer, OCHA, andfacilitatoroftheGiHAToT,highlighted.

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CaseStudyII:NepalEarthquake CaseStudyIII:RohingyainCox’sBazar

ActualCause:Widowsandfemaleheadedhouseholdsdidnothaveaccessbecauseofsocialgendernorms–inNepalifawomanbecomes awidow or liveswithout a hus-band,sheistypicallynotallowedtomovearound freely due to social stigma and isperceivedas‘badluck’.Shemightfacever-balorphysicalassault.Therewasonlyonedistribution line not close to their homesandwidowedwomendidnotfeelcomfort-ableorsafetoenterthesamedistributionlineasmen.

55% of those who died from the Nepalearthquakesin2015werefemale.25%ofhouseholds in the most earthquake af-fecteddistrictsarefemaleheadedhouse-holds. It was reported that widows andsinglewomeninparticulardidnothaveac-cess to relief distribution lines, servicesandinformation. Whatdoyouthinktheyfound?

How do you think we can resolve theproblem?

Samplesofparticipants’responses:

- Relief distributionsweremainly distri-butedtomenandwomenlackedade-quate information about relief distri-bution.

- The houses of single mother andfemale-headed households were dis-proportionately more distroyed be-causewomendid not have the know-ledge tomaintain their houses appro-priately and so, their house construc-tionswerenotsafeenough.

- Potential sexual harassment on theway to receive relief distribution mayhaveaffectedwomen’saccesstoreliefdistribution.

InCox’sBazar,Rohingyarefugeecamps,aUN Women and UNHCR Gender assess-mentfoundthat94%ofsurveyedwomenspend21-24hoursadayinsidetheirshel-ter.

Whatdoyouthinktheyfound?

How do you think we can resolve theproblem?

Participants identified correctly that thisissue is related to the prevailing patriar-chalsocio-culturalnormsandrolesamongtheRohingyacommunities,whichpreventwomen from leaving their homes. Someparticipants mentioned that even undernormal living circumstances, Rohingyawomen tend to stay inside their homesduetopatriarchalnormsandthattheRoh-ingyawomen’slowlevelofeducationalsoleadstowomen’srestrictedabilitytopar-ticipateindecision-makingprocesses.

KeyTakeaways:§ Existingpowerinequalitiesbetweenwomen,girlsmen

andboysexacerbateduringcrisesduetolackofaccesstoandcontrolofresources,lackofdecisionmakingpower,experienceofviolence,etc.

§ Itisimportanttoensurethatallpeopleaffectedbyacri-sisareacknowledgedandthatalltheirdistinctneeds,vulnerabilitiesandrealitiesaretakenintoaccount.

§ Itisimportanttofacilitatethedesignofmoreappropri-ateandeffectiveresponsestoensureequitableandsafeaccessandequalopportunitiesforwomen,girls,boys,andmen.

§ Womenandgirlsareanimportantresourceindesigninganddeliveringhumanitarianprogrammesanditisabsolutelyessentialtoengagewomen,girls,menandboysequallyinhumanitarianprogrammingandinterventions.

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TrainingDay2

SESSIONIV:THEHUMANITARIANARCHITECTURE

GenderinHumanitarianAction

Day2oftheGiHAToTWorkshopstartedwithapresentationontheglobal,regionalandnationalhumanitarian architecture. The participantswereprovidedwithanoverviewofthehumani-tarianresponseactorsonthelocal,nationalandinternationallevel,followedbythedevelopmentandevolutionoftheglobalhumanitariancoordi-nation (HC) aswell as the global humanitariancluster cycle structure. Subsequently, partici-pantswereintroducedtothestructureofthehu-manitarian country team (HCT) in Myanmar,whichischairedbytheRC(ResidentCoordi-

nator)/HC.TheoverallresponsibilityoftheHCTconsists of providing operational level relatedassistance through the cluster coordinationgroups.TheRC/HC,whoconsistsofthesameen-tity in Myanmar, reports to the UN SecretaryGeneral through the Emergency Relief Coordi-nator(ERC).Ratherthanbeingafixedandstaticstructure,theglobalhumanitarianclustercyclemaychangeundercertaincircumstances,asitisadjusted to the local contextwhenever neces-sary.

HumanitarianResponseActors GlobalHumanitarianClusterCycle,IncludingtheClusterLeads

Following the humanitarian architecture, theparticipants explored the global GiHA architec-ture aswellas theGiHAArchitecture inMyan-mar, emphasizing that no formal gendermain-streaming structure currently exists in the hu-manitarianarchitectureneithergloballynorna-

tionally. The Global IASC Reference Group onGender inHumanitarianAction (GenderRefer-ence Group), co-chaired by UN Women andOxfam,supportstheInteragencyStandingCom-mitteeinitseffortstointegrategenderequalityandwomen’sempowermentinthehumanitari-

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anactionsystemthrough1)guidanceonandac-countability togender equality; 2)engagementand knowledgemanagement; and 3) coordina-tionandleadership.WhiletheGenderReferenceGroup(GenderRG)isnotaformalstructure,itisincreasingly recognized that the Gender RGneedstobecomemoreformalizedandbuiltintotheworkofallagencies.

InMyanmar,noformallyestablishedGiHAwork-inggroupexistsasofyet.Effortsarebeingmadetostrengthenexistingcoordinationstructurestointegrate gender mainstreaming includingthrough a regularly updated GiHA Action PlanandGiHAProfile.

Globally, a new trend is currently evolving toworkmoreonthenexusbetweenhumanitarianaction,developmentandpeace.Althoughahu-

manitarianstructurestillexists,therearemanylinks to development and peace building pro-cesses.Thisshiftisalsoincreasinglyrecognizedin Myanmar, where many clusters/sectors donot entirely work on humanitarian action butalsoondevelopmentprocesses,e.g.throughtheUNGender ThemeGroup, theGEWEDevelop-mentPartnersGroup,theGenderEqualityNet-work,amongothers.

.

Participantsabsorbedingroupwork.PhotoCredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

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SESSIONV:CONTEXTOVERVIEW:CRISISINMYANMAR

Session IV provided the participants with anoverview of the humanitarian situations inRakhine,KachinandShanstateswithanempha-sisonthegenderednatureofthehumanitariancontextinMyanmar.

GenderinHumanitarianActionProfile

The participants were then introduced to thecontent,purposeandstrategicgoalsoftheMy-anmarGiHAProfile,whichprovidesanoverviewof the gendered context for crisis situations inRakhine,KachinandNorthernShanandoutlineskeygenderneeds,issues,gaps,responses,chal-lenges and recommendations for future actionpoints.

ItservesasaguidancedocumentfortheHCTandICCGstrategies,planningandadvocacy,aswellas the operational work of sector coordinatorsandmembers.Italsoactsasanadvocacydocu-mentfordonorsandexternalaudiencestobringvisibility to the issueofGiHA anddemonstratetheHCT/ICCGsprioritiesandeffortsonthis.TheMyanmarGiHAActionPlan,whichhas recentlybeen designed for the next two years, directlylinks to the Myanmar Humanitarian ResponsePlan, whose responsibility ultimately lies withtheHCTandHC.

ExamplesofthegenderednatureofcrisisinMy-anmarincludethefollowing:

§ Gender-segregation and rigid gendernorms,masculinities.

§ Literacy,education,language,Information.Decisionmakingpower.

§ Healthandnutritionstatus–sexualandre-productivehealth.

§ Documentation/citizenship and access tojustice.LackofHLPrights.

§ Fewer livelihood/economic opportunities,gendereddivisionoflabour,lackofcontrolandaccesstoresources.

§ Early,forcedandchildmarriage;SGBVincl.IPVandCRSV;SEA.

§ Militarisation and security (forced recruit-ment, arbitrary arrests, landmines etc.) -movementrestrictions.

§ Especially the ethnic/religious minorities,stateless, IDPs, poorest, most vulnerableand marginalized (age, disability, SOGIE,maritalstatus).

"The needs of women, men, girls andboysinhumanitariancontextsarediffer-ent anddistinct. Existing data fromtheregion, including fromMyanmar showsthatwomenandgirls,aswellasthemostvulnerableandmarginalizedpopulationgroups,areworstaffectedbycrisisanddisasters. These situations often alsoperpetuateandexacerbatepre-existing,persistentgenderandsocialinequalities,gender-based violence, and discrimina-tion, which affects people’s ability tocopewithshocksandsituationsandre-cover," Smriti Aryal, Humanitarian Ac-tionandResilienceBuildingRegionalAd-viser, UN Women Regional Office forAsia and the Pacific, highlighted duringheropeningremarksoftheGiHAToT.

“Consultations with women andwomen’s involvement in humanitarianprogramming is essential sincewomenoften have different needs and knowbetter what is needed for themselvesand their children. The role of gendertrainers is therefore essential to repli-cate GiHA programming at the grass-roots level,” Hlaing Bwa, Senior ChildProtectionSpecialistwithWorldVision,Yangon,highlighted.

16

SESSIONVI:GENDEREQUALITYANDHUMANITARIANLEGALANDNORMATIVEFRAMEWORKS

ThediscussionduringsessionV focusedonthefourhumanitarianprinciples,theIASCpolicyonGender Equality and Women’s Empowerment(GEWE),includinganoverviewoftheIASCGen-der in Humanitarian Action Handbook, theWorldHumanitarianSummitCommitments,theGrandBargainCommitments,andtheUNReso-lutionsonWomen,PeaceandSecurity(WPS).

In addition to these frameworks, participantswere given a brief introduction to theConven-tionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimi-nation Against Women (CEDAW), the BeijingPlatformforAction,andthepriorityareasoftheMyanmar National Strategic Plan for the Ad-vancement of Women (NSPAW, 2013-2022).Women in Emergencies constitutes one ofNSPAW’spriorityareasandwhichcanbeusedbyhumanitarian actors advocating with the Gov-ernmentofMyanmar,astheGovernmenthasal-ready committed to it. While Myanmar hassignedandratifiedCEDAW,ithasnotratifiedtheOptionalProtocoltoCEDAW,whichmeansthattherearenotcomplaintandinquirymechanismsinplaceforCEDAW.

During the overview of these frameworks, theunderlying emphasiswas on the importanceofhuman rights (Rights Up Front). It was high-lightedthatneeds,risks,capacities,andrealitiesduring a crisis are different for women, girls,boys,andmenandthatthegoalistomeettheseneedswithanemphasisonsafety,security,well-being,anddignityforallaffectedpeople.

TheGrandBargainCommitments

Followingthepresentationonthehumanitariangender frameworks, a discussion around thepurpose of the Grand Bargain Commitmentsevolved. The Grand Bargain Commitments areintending to achieve changes in the financingstructuresofhumanitarianorganizationstoen-sure that the funding of humanitarian pro-grammes reaches the populations with thegreatestneeds.WhiletheGrandBargaintargetsdonorsandtheirwaysoffinancinghumanitarianactions,itaimstoincreasethetargetingoflocalhumanitarianactorsforhumanitarianfunding.

IntermsofthelocalizationoftheGrandBargaininMyanmar, theMyanmarHumanitarian Fund(MHF)representsonestepinimplementingtheGrandBargain Commitments. 40%of theMHFfundingistargetedatlocalhumanitarianorgan-izations.Whilethisisasignificantactionpointinincreasing the involvement of local humanitar-ian actors in humanitarian prevention and re-sponse efforts, theconditions andpositions oflocalcivilsocietyorganizations(CSOs)andtheirpotentialto receive funding fromsourcessuchastheMHFareratherdifferent,e.g.someCSOsmaynothavethecapacitiestoadequatelyfillinMHF proposals, which are quite complex, orsomeCSOsarenotlegallyregisteredandthere-fore not entitled to apply to this and similarfundingsources.

Participantsattentivelylisteningtothefacilitator’spresentation.PhotoCredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

17

SESSIONVII:PANELDISCUSSIONONPROMOTINGGENDEREQUALITYINHUMANITARIANACTIONANDTHEROLEOFCSOSINHUMANITAR-IANACTIONINMYANMAR

During session VI, which was dedicated to apaneldiscussionabout the roleofCSOsinpro-moting GiHA in Myanmar, participants learntabouttheimportanceofCSOinclusioninhuman-itarianaction,namelywomenandLGBTIQrightsorganizations and networks, and the barriersthattheyfaceinMyanmarinparticipatingmoremeaningfullyinhumanitarianresponseduetoalack of existing mechanisms for their engage-mentandcontributiontohumanitariandecision-making as well as the little investment in en-hancing their capacities, financing their workwithcommunities andprotecting the spaces inwhichtheyoperate.ThepanelconsistedofSengHkam, GBV Coordinator, Metta DevelopmentFoundation; Htoo Lwin Oo, Programme Man-ager,MRCS; andNicki Rangoon, Spokesperson,National Transgender PeopleAllianceofMyan-mar.

Itwasagreedthatmoresupportforthepartici-pationofwomenandothermarginalizedgroupssuch as LGBTIQ and people with disabilitiesacross the humanitarian-development-peacenexus is required, specifically on the groundlevel, in order to make humanitarian responseeffortsmoreeffective.HtooLwinOofromMRCSmentioned:

“EventhoughthereareamanyCSOsinMyan-mar,moreparticipationfromtheCSOs inhu-manitarianactionandbetter capacity forhu-manitarian response at the community levelareneeded.”

Inregardstothequestionoftheways inwhichhumanitarian actors can support marginalizedandvulnerablegroupstobecomemoreengagedin,contributetoandbenefitfromhumanitarianassistance and resilience, Seng Hkam from theMettaDevelopmentFoundationstated:

"It is essential to build women’s capacitythrough leadership building as well as advo-cacyandawarenessraisingofwomen’srightstostrengthenwomen’sparticipationandlead-ershipinwomen'sCSOsandwomen’scommit-teesatIDPcamplevel."

In addition, Nickie Rangoon from the NationalTransgenderAllianceMyanmarhighlightedthatsupportisneededforincreasededucationalop-portunitiesandleadershipskillsbuildingtrainingfor LGBTIQ individuals, sensitization about theimportanceoftheinvolvementofSexualOrien-tation,Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE)considerationsinhumanitarianactionprocessesamongtheLGBTIQcommunityaswellasbehav-ior change and awareness raising about SOGIEissues among the greater Myanmar society.NickieRangoonstated:

"ThereisacertainlevelofinvolvementbytheLGBTQI community in rightsadvocacyat thenational level such as through the Prideeventwhichwasorganizedin2018.Yet,theseadvocacyeffortsneedtotrickledownmoretotheground levelandLGBTIQandothermar-ginalized groups need to become more in-volvedinhumanitarianprogrammingandpol-icy-making."

SengHkamfromtheMettaDevelopmentFoun-dationaddedthatgenderconceptsalsoneedtobeincludedinschoolcurriculaandthattheper-sonnelofthemediaandentertainmentindustryneed to be sensitized to ensure LGBTIQ issuesareappropriatelyportrayed.

Finally,asameanstoincreasetheparticipationand contribution of CSOs in humanitarian ac-tion,theconductofmappingsduringneedsas-sessments was highlighted to explore whereCSOs,e.g.women’sCSOs,are locatedandhowhumanitarian organizations could potentiallycollaboratewiththese.Additionally,itwasem-phasizedonthesignificanceoftargetedhuman-itarianfundingforlocalCSOsandthesupportofCSOsintheirregistrationprocesses.

18

SESSIONVIII:GENDERANDTHEHUMANITARIANPROGRAMMECYCLE

SESSIONIX:IASCGENDERWITHAGEMARKER

InSessionVIIparticipantsweregivenamorein-depth overview the different cycles of theHu-manitarianProgrammeCycle(HPC),including1)needsassessmentandanalysis;2)strategicplan-ningwithafocusontheMyanmarHumanitarianResponse Plan (HRP); 3) resourcemobilization,highlightingtheGenderwithAgeMarker(GAM);4)implementationandmonitoring;5)andoper-ational review and evaluation. Emphasis wasgiventothe importanceofmainstreaminggen-deracrosseachstepoftheHPC.

Session VIII introduced the participants to theIASC Genderwith AgeMarker (GAM),which isthenewstandardmarkerforhumanitarianpro-grammingandwhichservesasaself-assessmentandreportingtool.ThedifferencesbetweentheoldIASCGenderMarkerandthenewGAMwereexplainedtotheparticipants,statingthatwhiletheoldGenderMarkeronlymeasuredgender

considerations at the needs assessment,plannedactivitiesandoutcomelevel,thenewGAM,whichcameoutin2017,measuresgen-der reflections in much more detail, as ittouches upon all stages of theHPC, includingmonitoringandprojectdesign,andmakesagemoreexplicit.

12IndicatorsofGender-SensitiveProgramming

19

Anengagingdiscussionarosearoundthedefini-tionofsexualabuseandexploitationandaboutwhat categories of sexual abuse and exploita-tion would fall under this definition, includingforced sex between staff members (which isconsidered as rape); procuring from sexwork-ers;ahumanitarianstaffmemberandabenefi-ciaryfallinginlovewitheachother;andhavingsexwithasexworkeroutsideofworkinghoursasarightofstaffmembers.

SESSIONX:PROTECTIONAGAINSTSEXUALEXPLOITATIONANDABUSE(PSEA)

Participantswerethensplitintogroupsaccordingtotheirareasofworkandweregivensamplesofprojectproposals,whichtheyhadtoassessusingtheonlineGAMtool.TheGAMscoringsofthedif-ferent group reflected the gaps in the Genderwith AgeMarker tool, as programme proposalscanbescoredwitharelativelyhighscoreeveniftheprogrammedoesnotconsidergenderaspectssufficiently. The participants agreed that whilethe new GAM is an improvement from the oldIASCGenderMarker,thetoolstillexhibitsgaps.

Duringthediscussionofthegroupexercise,ques-tionsaboutthewayinwhichtheagecomponentof the GAM is measured arose. It was clarifiedthatwhiletheGAMrequireshumanitarianorgan-izationstobeinclusiveintheirprogrammingandinterventions, it does not oblige them to workwithalldifferentagegroups.Instead,specifictar-getingofcertainvulnerable

GAMCoding

groups and gender-sensitive programmingarerequired.

Compared to the IASC Gender inHumani-tarian Action Handbook, which offers sec-toralguidanceandguidanceoneachstageoftheHCP,theGAMconsistsofasimplifiedtool,whichenableshumanitarianactorstocross-checkiftheymeettheminimumgen-derandagerequirements.

SessionXdiscussedthePSEAcoreprinciplesandtheir importance, and introduced the partici-pants to thedefinitions of sexual exploitation,abuse,andharassment.Bymeansofacasesce-nario,participantswherethenrequestedtodis-cuss ingroupswhether the PSEAcodeofcon-ducthasbeenbreachedinthescenario,whichrulesthathavebeenbrokenandwhatmeasurestheywould implement in reaction to the inci-dentdescribedinthescenario.

KeyTakeawaysincluded:

§ Ourbeneficiariesareparticularlyvulner-able.

§ Weasaidworkershavepower.

§ Procuringfromsexworkersdoesconsti-tuteasSEA.“SurvivalSex”

§ Staffareonduty“24/7”evenoutsideofficialworkinghours.

ZerotolerancetoPSEAbyevery body, staff, con-sultant, partners, sub-contractors,etc.!!!

20

TrainingDay3

SESSIONXI:SEX,AGE,ANDDIVERSITYDISAGGREGATEDDATA

SessionXIexploredtheimportanceofsex,age,anddiversitydisaggregateddata(SADDD)asanintegralpartofmainstreaminggender.Therat-tleboxactivityservedasafunopenertoanillu-minating discussion about the importance ofcollectingSADDDdatatoinformtheHPCplan-ningandimplementation. RattleboxExercise:Atinboxfullofvariousob-jectswasshakeninfrontoftheworkshopaudi-ence. Participants were asked to guess whatwasintheboxmakingthesound.Onlyoneoftheparticipants’suggestionswereaccurate.Inreality, there were many things in the box,someofwhichdidnotmakesoundwhen thebox was shaken. The purpose of the activitywas to recognize the importance of SADDDdata,notingthatthingsareoftennotwhattheyseem and they are oftenmore complex thantheyappear.

Following the rattle box exercise, the partici-pants were introduced about the collectionand importance of SADDD. Participants werethenaskedtoreflectonhowSADDDisusedintheir current work and how it could be im-proved.

Keypointsraisedduringthesessionincluded:

§ Agedefinitionvariesaccordingtotheorgan-ization or institution who collects age dis-aggregated data. For example, in KachinState, many different organizations andcamp authorities use different age catego-ries.Whilemanyparticipantsperceivedthisasaproblem,itwasagreedthatitisalsodif-ficult to standardize categories across allstakeholders working in the humanitariananddevelopmentsector.

§ The collection of SADDD in comprehensivemanners can be challenging due to accessandsecurityrestrictions.

§ Byvirtueof thesensitivityofSADDDcollec-tion, it is important to have appropriateSADDDassessors,whoneedtobetrainedonhowtocollectSADDDincludinginhowtode-tectandreferpotentialGBVcases.

§ Duetothetime-consumingcharacteristicofSADDD,itisoftenassumedthatthereisnotenoughtimetocollectdisaggregateddatainemergencysituations.

§ GBVisoftenunderreported,evenifitisnotreported,itdoesnotmeanthatGBVdoesnothappen.

§ Statistics,especiallyincludingSADDD,arees-sentialforgenderadvocacyandprogrammedesign.

§ Itiscrucialtopartnerwithlocalorganizationsto collect SADDD to be able to gather datafromALLcommunities.

Participantstryingtoguesswhatisinsidetherattlebox.PhotoCredit:

CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

21

SESSIONXII:GENDER-RESPONSIVEASSESSMENT

HumanRightsBasedApproachtoGenderAnalysis

DuringsessionXII,participantswereintroducedto the tools, importance, objectives andprinci-ples of gender-sensitive assessments aswellasitsimplementationinprogrammingandpolicies.Participantswereexplainedhowtoincorporategenderanalysisintotheplanning,design,imple-mentation,andanalysisprocesswereshared.

Gender-SensitiveAssessmentRolePlay

The participants were then split into threegroups andwere given a scenario of an emer-gencysettingafteranearthquakehappenedinafictional state in Myanmar. The participantsweretaskedtoconductagender-responsiveas-sessmentofthesituation,focusingonthedam-age to infrastructure, equipment and supplies,theavailabilityofservices,andtheneedsoftheaffectedpopulations.Theparticipantswerefur-therrequestedtodiscusstheiruseofsecondarydata sources, methodology, the assessmentteamandpotentialrisksincarryingoutthegen-der-responsiveassessment.

KeyTakeawaysincluded:

§ Various factors such as location, customs,timing, etc. need be consideredwhen col-lectingSADDD.

§ Gender balance in assessment team issometimesdifficulttoachieve–ifthereisalack of female enumerators, humanitarianactors should at least aim to interview fe-malecommunitymembersindividually.

§ Insuchcases,whereaccesstoconflictorcri-sis settings are restricted, ICT applicationcanbeconsidered,yettheremaybesafetyissue when using ICT applications. Moreo-ver,womenandothermarginalizedgroupsmaynothaveequalaccesstoICTs.

§ It is important tocreate safe spaceswhenconductingFGDsaboutsensitiveissuessuchasGBV,ChildProtectionissues,etc.

Participantswereencouragedtoadoptahuman-rightsbasedapproachbyexploringcausalanaly-sistoidentifytherootofaproblem,ratherthanmerelydevelopingprogramstosoothecauses.

TheHumanRightsApproachhelpshumanitariananddevelopmentworkerstoanswerthefollow-ingfourquestions:

à Whohasbeenleftbehind?à Why?Whichrightsareatstake?à Whohastodosomethingaboutit?à Whatdotheyneed,totakeaction?

Participants were then introduced to the TreeModel, which is an analytical tool to conductgender analysis related to a specific issue. Ithelpstoidentifytheimmediate,underlyingandroot/structural causes of a certain problem,which isessential fromagenderperspective inorder to understandwhere the greatest needsare.

Exampleofchildmarriage:

§ Potentialimmediatecause:lackoffinan-cialmeanstofeedchildren;

§ Potentialunderlyingcauses:illiteracy,lackofeducation,lackofemploymentandpov-erty;

§ Potentialroot/structuralcauses:genderpowerimbalanceandpatriarchalnorms.

Participantsharinghergroups’assessmentfindings,usingtheegg

andtreemodels,inplenary.PhotoCredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

22

SESSIONXIII:GENDERMAINSTREAMING

CaseStudiesGroupWork

SESSIONXIV:GENDER-BASEDVIOLENCE(GBV)

SessionXIIgavetheparticipantsanintroductionofwhatgendermainstreamingisandwhatmain-streaming gender requires to ensure that gen-der-unequal and gender-blind strategies areavoided.Emphasiswaslaidontheneedtocon-sider gender throughout all stages of the HPC.The session explored important concepts thatneedtobetakenintoaccountwhenassessingaprogramme’seffectivenessandimpactsuchas:

§ Gender-unequal,§ Gender-blind,§ Gender-sensitive,§ Gender-responsive,§ Gender-transformative.

Itwashighlightedthatgender-transformativeprogrammingisneededifwewanttoaddresstherootcausesofanissue.

Participants were subsequently given an over-view of the Egg Model, which can directly becombinedwith the TreeModel to address thedifferenttypesofcausesofaproblem.

Workingontheareaofenvironmentalbuildingcanoftenbechallengingasthisrequiresalong-termprogrammeimplementationandhumani-tarianfundingisoftenshort-termorientedandoftendoesnotseeenvironmentbuildingasim-portantforlive-savingactions,whicharepriori-tizedinhumanitarianaction.EggModel

Participantsweresplitintosixgroupsaccordingtotheirareasofwork.Thegroups,whichrepre-sentedtheEducation,WASH,Nutrition,FoodSe-curity/Livelihoods, Health and CCCM sectors,were then requested to review the problemstated in thedifferentcase studies using a hu-man-rights based approach.Using theproblemtree, participants were asked to delve deeperintoanissuetodiscusswhatthemajorunderly-ingcausesareandtoaddresstheproblematitsroot.Participantswerethenaskedtothinkofagender-transformativeapproachtoaddressthemanifestationthroughresponsiveaction,remed

dialandenvironmentalbuildingactions(theeggmodel). Also very importantly, groups wereasked todiscussWHO is responsible for takingtheseactionsandwhoarethekeystakeholderstheyaretoworkwith.

Thekeytakeawayofthisexercisewasthatalt-houghsectorsaredifferent,therootcausesof-ten seem to be similar for all sectoral issues.Therefore, coordination is crucial. All sectorsneed to address gender inequality in coordi-natedways.

oftheGBVTreeaswellasGBVresponseandre-ferralservicesandlookedatdifferentGBVmythsand realities. Bymeansof case studies, partici-pantswere then requested to review differentGBV scenarios, discussing issues such as confi-dentialityandreferralpathways.

SessionXIIIexploredtheconceptofGBVinclud-ing its types, causes, contributing factors andconsequencesandintroducedparticipantstothesurvivor-centered approach as well as guidingprinciplessuchastheimportanceofconfidenti-alityandseekinginformedconsent.Participantsgainedadeeperunderstandingaboutthemodel

23

TrainingDay4

SESSIONXV:ADULTLEARNINGANDTRAININGTIPS&TURNINGKNOWLEDGEINTOPRACTICE

On Day IV, the participants had the chance toturn their acquired knowledge into practice bydesigning and presenting their own trainingmodulesinagroupexercise.

Priortothisgroupactivity,theparticipantswereprovided with adult learning and training tipsbasedontheIASCtrainingmodules.Participantslearnt about the four different phases of thetraining cycle, which includes 1) the identifica-tion of learning needs, 2) the definition of thepurposeandlearningobjectivesofthetraining,2)thedesignandpreparationofthetraining,3)thetrainingdeliveryaswellas4)theevaluationofthetraining.

Participantswerethengivenanoverviewofdif-ferent learning styles, which have implicationsfortheselectionoftrainingmethodsandtools.

Forexample,personalitytestspriortothetrain-ingcanhelpinfindingoutwhattypesoflearnerthe trainingparticipants are. Participantswererecommendedtouseamixofdifferentlearningstyles,asthereisusuallyamixofdifferentlearn-ingtypesintheparticipantgroup.

Theparticipantsthendesignedingroupsdiffer-ent teaching modules on 1) the HumanitarianProgrammeCycle,2)BasicGenderConcepts,3)PSEA/GBV,4)SADDD,5)GenderMainstreaming,6) Diversity and Intersectionality, and 7) WhyGiHA,whichtheypresentedtoeachother.Thegroupscameupwithverycreativeexercises,in-cluding, a HPC spinning wheel game, a paper-basedpowerwalkgame,PSEAcasestudies,anda debate onwhether it is a luxury to considergenderinalife/deathsituation.

TheHPCspinningwheelgame:Theaudiencehad

tospinthewheelandexplainhowgendershould

beintegratedintotherespectiveHPCstagethat

the dart hit. Photo credit: Cecilia Truffer/UN

Women.

ParticipantsplayingthePowerWalkActivityona

flip chart. Photo credit: Cecilia Truffer/UN

Women.

24

SESSIONXVI:WAYFORWARD:ACTIONPLANNINGFORGIHAMYANMAR

TheworkshopwasconcludedwithasessiononplanningforthewayforwardtopromoteGiHAinMyanmar.Forthislastsession,participantsweresplitintothreegroupsaccordingtothethreege-ographical areas, Kachin/Northern Shan,Rakhine and Yangon (national level) anddevel-opedarangeofinterestingactionpoints:

1.Kachin/NorthernShan:

§ ConveneameetingonGiHAcoordinationat Kachin/NSS level to discuss follow-upactions.

§ Introduce GiHA to different clusters/sec-torsbycluster/sectorgenderfocalpoints.

§ ConductinternalGiHAtrainingswithintheorganizations of the participants at Ka-chin/NSS/Yangonlevel.

§ ConductGiHA trainings for implementingpartners of the participants’ organiza-tions.

§ CollaboratewithUNFPA,UNWomenandOCHAtoprovidethemwithsupportforfu-tureGiHAtrainings.

2. Yangon/Nationallevel:

§ UNFPA,UNWomenandOCHAtoconduct GiHA training with lineministriessupportedbyGTG.

§ CreationofGiHAresourcepersons forclus-ters, who can help conducting future GiHAtrainingsatstateandregionallevel.

§ UNWomentoconductfutureGiHAtrainingswithCSOsatYangonlevel.

§ TodiscussaboutfutureGiHAtrainingsinup-comingGTGmeetinginJune/July2019.

§ Explore integratingGiHA into theworkplanoftheUNGTGtosupporttheHCTandICCGon the implementation of the GiHA ActionPlan and GiHA profile overall, linking withsubnationallevelGiHAfocalpointsystemsaswellaswithYangon levelGiHA focalpointsandwomen’sCSOS/networks.

3.Rakhine:

§ GiHAtrainingto8clustersandCBO/CSOsinCentralRakhine.

§ Inter-cluster GiHA training in CentralRakhine.

§ GiHA training to Government representa-tivesinCentralRakhine.

§ GiHARakhineTeamtrainingplannedfor3rdofMay.

Participants’groupphoto.Photocredit:CeciliaTruffer/UNWomen.

25

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the GiHA ToT workshop, whichwas conducted by UNWomen in collaborationwith OCHA and UNFPA in Yangon/Myanmarfrom23to26April2019,strengthenedthepar-ticipants’understandingofgenderequalitypro-gramminginhumanitariansettingsandcreatedastrongpoolofGiHAresourcepersonsinMyan-mar.Whiletheparticipantsalreadyhadagoodunderstanding about GiHA prior to the work-shop,ananalysisof theparticipants’pre-/post-workshoptest results revealed thatthepartici-pantsincreasedtheirunderstandingaboutgen-dermainstreaminginhumanitarianactionattheendoftheworkshop.

Participantswereveryengagedthroughouttheworkshop and contributed their own expertiseandpracticalexamplesfromtheirrespectivear-easofwork.Thisexchangeofknowledgeandex-perience was fruitful and the participants per-ceived it as essential to have such learning ex-changes.

“Itwasveryinterestingtolearnhowdiffer-ent humanitarian actors implement differ-entprojectsindifferentregionsacrossMy-anmar and to see where the gaps are intermsofgendermainstreaming,”

MyaMyitzuKyawfromCommunityPartnersIn-ternational(CPI),Yangon,said,andsheadded:

“The training was very useful for me intermsofintegratinggendermainstreaminginto strategic planning, especially the ses-sionontheGenderwithAgeMarkertool,aswellasthesessiononPSEA,sinceCPIiscur-rentlyintheprocessofremodelingitsownPSEAprinciples.”

Reflected by the evaluation summary, partici-pants evaluated the workshop overall as verypositive.The followingsessionswereevaluatedasthemostusefulones:Basicgenderconcepts,intersectionality and diversity, why GiHA?,SADDD,GenderwithAgeMarker,PSEAprinci-

ples,andgendermainstreamingconcepts.Ses-sionswhichtheparticipantsfoundasleastuse-fulwere:CSOroundtableonpromotinggenderequality in humanitarian action in Myanmar,genderequalityandlegalandnormativeframe-works aswell asgender and thehumanitarianprogrammecycle.Furtherdetailsonwhichses-sionstheparticipantsfoundthemostandleastuseful canbe found intheattachedevaluationsummary.

The majority of participants mentioned thatthey felt confident about carrying out GiHAtrainingsinthefuture.Yet,anumberofpartici-pants expressed that they require additionaltrainings to further increase their technical ex-pertiseonGiHAandtobereadyfortheconductof GiHA trainings on their own. Cho Lay Mar,ProgrammeOfficerwithCommunityandFamilyServicesInternational(CFSI)highlighted:

“Thetrainingfreshenedupmyknowledgeon gender mainstreaming and providedme with the opportunity to learn newconcepts such as the Gender with AgeMarker,whichisaveryusefultool. Iamconfidenttogivetrainingsinthefuture.”

In terms of future GiHA trainings, participantsmade several recommendations, including theconductofacombinedGiHAtrainingatYangon-level for UN Agencies, local and internationalNGOsandCSOstogetherwithGovernmentrep-resentatives,asthiswouldprovideGovernmentandnon-Governmentstaffmemberswithanop-portunitytolearnfromeachother,sharethere-spectivebarrierstheyfaceandtodevelopwaysin which collaborations among them can bestrengthened.

Additionally,itwassuggestedtoincludeawiderrange of monitoring and reporting tools tomeasure the impact of gendermainstreaming,includingqualitativetools,infuturetrainings,asthisisperceivedasanareathatiscrucialfordo-norreporting.

26

EVALUATIONFORM

1. Thetraining/workshopingeneral

1 verypoor2 poor3 good––>34%oftheparticipantsticked‘good’4 verygood––>54%oftheparticipantsticked‘verygood’5 excellent––>12%oftheparticipantsticked‘excellent’

2. Theexamplesprovided(videos,casestudies,etc.)intermsofquality,diversityandrelevanceforyourwork

1 verypoor2 poor3 good––>40%oftheparticipantsticked‘good’4 verygood––>54%oftheparticipantsticked‘verygood’5 excellent––>6%oftheparticipantsticked‘excellent’

3. Theinteractivelearningmaterials(groupexercises,handouts,etc.)

1 verypoor2 poor3 good––>71%oftheparticipantsticked‘good’4 verygood––>29%oftheparticipantsticked‘verygood’5 excellentHowwouldyouassesstheusefulnessofeachsectionofthisprogram

Notusefulatall

Onlyalittleuse-ful

Fairlyuseful Veryuseful

Day1 WhatisGender? 14% 86%Gender,Diversity,andIntersectionality

23% 77%

WhyGenderinHu-manitarianAction?

24% 76%

Day2

ANNEXES

27

OverviewofGen-deredContextinMy-anmartheHumani-tarianArchitecture

17% 43% 40%

GenderEqualityandHumanitarianLegalandNormativeFrameworks

12% 59% 29%

CSORoundtableonPromotingGenderEqualityinHumani-tarianActioninMy-anmar

12% 59% 29%

GenderandtheHu-manitarianPro-grammeCycle

11% 54% 35%

GenderwithAgeMarker

1% 23% 76%

ProtectionAgainstSexualExploitationandAbuse(PSEA)

8% 82%

Day3 Sex,Age,andDiver-sityDisaggregatedData

23% 77%

Gender-SensitiveAs-sessment

3% 30% 67%

GenderMainstream-ingKeyConcepts

31% 69%

GenderMainstream-inginSector/Cross-SectorHumanitarianProgramming

34% 66%

GenderEqualityHu-manitarianProgram-ming–Women’sLeadership,Empow-erment,AccessandParticipation

5% 67% 28%

AddressingGenderBasedViolence

3% 34% 63%

Day4 AdultLearningandTrainingTips

47% 53%

PlanningWayFor-wardforGenderinHumanitarianActioninMyanmar

45% 55%

28

Howlikelyisitthatyouwillusewhatyouhavelearnedinthisprogrammeinyourworkinthefuture Notlikelyat

allOnlyalittlelikely

Fairlylikely Verylikely

GatheringSex,AgeandDiversityDisaggregateddataandconductinggenderanalysis

29% 71%

AssigningGenderwithAgeMarkersandevalua-tion

6% 34% 60%

SampleResponsestothefollowingevaluationquestions:

1. Whatdidyoulikeaboutthetraining?§ Inclusionofparticipantsfromdifferentclusters/sectorsandfromdifferentgeographicalar-

eas.§ Participatoryandinteractivenatureofthetraining.§ UseofPowerWalkactivitytointroduceparticipantstothetopicofdiversityandintersection-

ality.2. Whatdoyouthinkcouldbeimproved?

§ MakePowerPointpresentationslidesavailabletoparticipantsaftereachdayofthework-shop.

§ Improvequalityoftranslation.§ Providemorefeedbackongroupdiscussions/presentations.

3. Pleasewritethreethingsthatyouwilltakewithyou/havelearned.

§ GenderwithAgeMarker.§ PSEAprinciples.§ Gendermainstreamingconceptsapplicabletohumanitarianaction.§ InclusionofgenderandSADDD.

4. Anyothersuggestions?Comments?

§ ConductarefresherToTinthenearfuture.§ Adjustworkshoplengthtomorethan3.5days,asthecontentoftheworkshopisquiteheavy

anddifficulttounderstandwithintheprovidedtimeframe.

29

AGENDATime Day1 Time Day2 Time Day3 Time Day48:30-09:30 WelcomeandIn-

troduction8:30-8:45 RecapofDay1 8:30-8:45 RecapofDay2 8:30-8:45 RecapofDay3

09:30-11:00

WhatisGender?–KeyGenderConcepts

08:45-10:00

ContextOverview:CrisesinMyanmarandgenderandhumanitarianarchitecture

08:45-10:45 Sex,AgeandDisabilityDisaggregatedDataandGender-SensitiveAs-sessment

09:00-10:30 AdultlearningandTrainingtips

11:00-11:30

TeaBreak 10:00-10:30

TeaBreak 10:45-11:15 TeaBreak 10:30-11:00 TeaBreak

11:30-12:30

WhatisGender–continued

10:30-11:15

GenderEqualityandHu-manitarianLegalandNor-mativeFrameworks

11:15-12:00

SADDDandGender-Sen-sitiveAssessment-con-tinued

11:00-12:00 Wayforward:Ac-tionPlanningforGiHAinMyanmar

11:15-12:15

KeyCSOExpertstakeonpromotingGenderEqualityinHumanitarianActioninMyanmar

12:00-13:30

GenderMainstreamingKeyConcepts

12:30-13:30

Lunch 12:15-13:15

Lunch 13:30-14:30 Lunch 12:00-12:45 Summary,Work-shopEvaluation,andClosing

13:30-14:45

Gender,DiversityandIntersection-ality

13:15-13:45

GenderandtheHumanitar-ianProgrammeCycle

14:30-15:50 GenderMainstreaminginSector/Cross-SectorHumanitarianProgram-ming

13:45-14:15

GenderwithAgeMarker

14:45-15:15

TeaBreak 14:15-14:45

TeaBreak 15:50-16:00 TeaBreak

30

15:15-16:45

WhyGiHA?&Keyapproachesforeffectivegender-integratedhu-manitarianre-sponse

14:45-15:45

GenderwithAgeMarker 16:00-16:30 GenderEqualityHuman-itarianProgramming–Women’sLeadership,Empowerment,AccessandParticipation

15:45-16:45

ProtectionagainstSexualExploitationandAbuse(PSEA)

16:30-17:00 AddressingGenderBasedViolence

16:45-17:00

Wrap-upandendofday

16:45-17:00

Wrap-upandendofday 17:00-17:10 Wrap-upandendofday