Guide to coveringthe General Election

for communityjournalists

By Lleu Williams, HelenTaylor, Sian BeynonPowell and Hannah

Scarbrough

Contents

Introduction..3Engagement tools and tips4Media law.8Polling websites9Devolved issues..10Approaching a candidate..11Selling yourself.12The General Election timeline14Polling day...15Election night and conclusion16Further reading and credits17List of candidates..18

Introduction

UK General Elections are important watershed moments for democratic engagement. In 2010, 65.1% of the UK population turned out to vote, with a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalitionbeing the eventual result. In Wales, the voter turnout was slightly less than the UK average at64.8%.

The mainstream media has long been an integral component of General Election debate andparticipation, presenting the latest manifesto promises in the morning papers and televisingleader debates. However, many have also accused the media of distorting political debate andcontributing to voter confusion and apathy.

In Wales, many have also levelled the accusation that the national and local press do not doenough to inform their audiences about Wales-specific powers, with one survey finding that42% of respondents did not know that the NHS was a devolved issue. There is an over-reliance on London-based UK media sources, who often do not cover Wales-based issueswhatsoever.

However, the emergence of community or hyperlocal journalism means that there is agreater plurality of media voices holding powers to account. Here in Wales, this led to thecreation of a Hyperlocal News Day at the Senedd, where Welsh community journalists wereinvited to report on the work of the National Assembly. This day demonstrated a clearappetite from community journalists in Wales to report on political issues which wererelevant to their local communities.

What should you know before covering the General Election? And how have othercommunity journalists done it?

In this guide, we examine how you can cover the General Election safely and effectively,and build engagement with your local community, including lots of free tools and tips.Although this was created with community journalists in Wales in mind, there is still lotsof advice that hyperlocals across the UK will benefit from. We hope you find it useful!

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8672976.stmhttp://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140605075122/http://commissionondevolutioninwales.independent.gov.uk/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=J7te5eCD9HQC&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203&dq=press+coverage+of+general+election&source=bl&ots=lsPnbUUaWg&sig=SVPm22RgPwfVsC01nTnykGaQV8o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KAYCVdrCB8uy7Qbrx4HoAg&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=press%20coverage%20of%20general%20election&f=falsehttp://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/105896/Plymouth-GE2010-report-web.pdf

Engagement tools and tips for communityjournalistsNot sure how you can cover the General Election? We hear from communityjournalism sites including Tongwynlais.com, South Leeds Life and RichmondNoticeboard, as well as many more, as they provide their tools and tips.

Partner up

Covering an election means a commitment oftime and resources, which are in short supplyfor many hyperlocals who run their sitesaround day jobs and family commitments. Away of mitigating this is to partner up withother news outlets in your constituency. JackDavies of Tongwynlais.com says: I amsharing information and promoting contentwith Cardiff North Decides, which is run bytwo trainee journalists at Cardiff University. Ive also been in touch with well established hyperlocals in the constituency to let them knowwhat Im doing and to ask for their support.

The message is covering a general election is demanding work dont struggle alone! Ifthere are other news outlets or information providers in your constituency, get in touch topool resources and cross-promote content.

The Cardiff North student-run site, partner of Tongwynlais.com

Create an election hub

For voters, it can often be difficult to find all the latest election news from your constituency inone place. Jack Davies of Tongwynlais.com suggests using tools such as Rebel Mouse to pullinformation together centrally and make life easier for your readers. Jack says: I created anelection hub back in October last year that uses Rebel Mouse to display tweets and contentfrom the candidates and their respective party sites. This lets people quickly see what eachcandidate is saying online in an easy to digest format.

Bring together election debate through hashtags

The jury is still out on whether this is the first real social media election, but what is certain isthat social media will play an important role in facilitating voter conversation and debate.Jack says: Ive created a main hashtag, #ATCNC, which I use on my content and which Iencourage the candidates to use. Ive also created a shorter hashtag for constituents to askthe candidates questions."

https://twitter.com/search?q=%23atcnc&src=typdhttp://tongwynlais.com/cardiffnorth2015http://cardiffnorthdecides.com/

Build your brand

Use election coverage as a platform to promote your site and buildyour brand within your community. Jack has done this throughcreating logos and posters for his coverage, along withcustomised links and hashtags.

Give every candidate a platform on your site

Jeremy Morton of South Leeds Life said of his local election coverage in 2014: Clearly weneeded to be fair and offer equal coverage to all the candidates, so we set up a page on thewebsite for each ward, listing the candidates and then inviting them to send us text, imagesand video to post. We sent the same invitation to every candidate on the same day, once theCouncil published the lists of candidates and we set limits on the word count and videolength.

Hold your own hustings

What is a hustings? Jeremy Morton of South Leeds Life defines this term as: A hustings isa public meeting where voters can hear the candidates speak and ask them questions. Herecommends holding your own, with partner organisations. Tongwynlais.com also hosted aTwitter Hustings whereby constituents asked candidates their questions purely throughTwitter, and responses were collated at a Twub.

Create a Twitter list of your local candidates and share these with your audience

Sarah Hartley of Talk About Local has created a Twitter list of local candidates and haspromoted this to her audience in Richmond. She says: Following a list, rather than anindividual, means Twitter users dont need to declare a political allegiance to their regularfollowers, if thats something youd rather treat as private.

Follow canvassers

Go on walk-arounds and canvassing trips with local candidates and write about theexperience. What were people angry about on their doorsteps? Did the candidates reallyengage with the electorate in this way? If you are planning to try this, ensure that you askevery candidate if you are able to come with them to ensure that your reporting is neutral.Even if you only receive responses from one or two, you have guarded yourself againstaccusations of bias.

Gauge candidates' social media performances

Sarah has used social media analytics tool Klout to gauge the social media performance of

https://twitter.com/search?q=%23atcnc&src=typdhttps://twitter.com/RichmondNYorks/lists/ge2015-richmondshire-ppchttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23atcnc&src=typdhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23atcnc&src=typd

her local candidates and discuss their level of engagement online with voters. Throughdoing this, Sarah also discovered that two of her local candidates did not even have theirown Twitter profiles.

More tips and tools from community journalists

Here are some more excellent suggestions collated by community journalists at Talk AboutLocals unconference:

Crowdsource from your audience 5 questions that people want to ask an MP Find out where do candidates stand on this locality and whereabouts they live Conduct video interviews with candidates and host these on your site Try using Twitterfall to present tweets during a debate or hustings Check the election promises from 2010 of incumbent candidates have they been met? Ifnot, find out why not. Photograph/scan election literature and provide these as resources on your site Use Google Hangouts to livestream hustings and archive on YouTube Use Twittelection to find Twitter lists of all candidates in your constituency Speak to your local betting shops to find out bookies odds on candidates Find polling stations by using local councils location maps Visit Election Unspun from Media Trust for week-by-week analysis of how the mainstreammedia are covering the General Election Livestream audio from hustings or debates using MIXLR Visit Hustings.org.uk which is hosting a national online hustings Your Next MP hosts a databse of General Election candidates, sourced from volunteers Meet Your Next MP brings together lists of hustings and General Election events bypostcodes MySocietys sayit tool allows you to publish meeting transcripts Pollingstations.democracyclub.org.uk is a pilot tool to help you locate polling stationsnearby to you

Tools and tips from mainstream journalists

Joanna Geary, Head of News Partnerships atTwitter UK, has written a useful article on usingTwitter to cover the general election. Here aresome of the highlights:

Boost your Twitter engagement by: uploadingphotos with your tweets, tagging people in thosephotos in your tweets, adding a GIF, uploadingphotos with a filter (to make them look moreattractive), include a vine with your tweet

https://richmondnoticeboard.wordpress.com/2015/03/07/whats-your-election-candidate-tweeting-about/http://electionunspun.net/http://onthewight.com/2015/01/22/isle-of-wight-mp-election-bet-odds-2015/https://meetyournextmp.com/http://sayit.mysociety.org/http://pollingstations.democracyclub.org.uk/http://hustings.org.uk/https://yournextmp.com/http://mixlr.com/se1/http://www.twitterfall.com/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/content/five-ways-journalists-make-best-use-twitter-cover-long-election2015-campaign?utm_content=bufferc4b6b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=bufferhttp://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/

Use national hashtags such as #GE15 and keywords such as politics in your tweets tomake these easily findable by a wider audience Set up alerts so that you get an SMS each time a certain account tweets

Suggestions from others at Journalism.co.uks News:rewireds conference include:

Put your audience first - prioritise listening to them and provide information and resourcesthat they need. Dont get lost in data - connect numbers and statistics with human stories to createmeaningful coverage. Think mobile when creating content Tailor stories to different social media networks and platforms - dont just adopt a one-size-fits-all approach

https://www.newsrewired.com/2015/02/03/covering-the-hashtag-election/

Media lawIn this section we will provide some basic guidance on the law as it relates to coveringelections. However, if you are unsure of any feature or story idea, please seek legaladvice before publishing.

As we have mentioned before, impartiality is key to reporting elections and remaining on theright side of the law. Some guidelines on impartiality are enshrined by regulators such asOfcom - although the following advice refers explicitly to commercial broadcasters, it is auseful rule of thumb for any journalist covering the election. Section 6 of Ofcoms BroadcastCode states that:

Due weight must be given to the coverage of major parties during the election period, andbroadcasters must also consider giving appropriate coverage to other parties andindependent candidates with significant views and perspectives (rule6.2) If a candidate takes part in an item about his/her particular constituency, or electoral area,then candidates of each of the major parties must be offered the opportunity to take part (rule6.9) Broadcaster must offer the opportunity to take part in constituency or electoral area reportsor discussions, to all candidates within the constituency or electoral area representing partieswith previous significant electoral support or where there is evidence of significant currentsupport, including any such independent candidate (rule 6.10)

Representation of People Act

The Representation of People Act (1983) is fundamentalknowledge for anyone seeking to cover an election.Section 106 (1) of the act makes it illegal to publish afalse statement of fact about the personal character orconduct of an election candidate, if the purpose ofpublishing the statement is to affect how many votes thecandidate will get. The 1983 act also makes it an offenceto publish a false claim that a candidate has withdrawnfrom the election. Breaching Section 106 could leave thedefendant with a fine of up to 5,000. If the publisher offalse statements is a company rather than an individualthen the companys directors can face conviction. TheRepresentation of People Act (1983) also covers exitpolls, it is illegal to publish results or predictionsbefore the polls have closed.

Please see our Further reading section at the end of thisdocument for more advice on media law as it relates tocovering an election.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/

Polling websites and other usefulinformationIn the digital age, information on political parties, policies and candidates has becomemuch more accessible than ever before. The same can be applied to political polling. More and more research is being undertaken online and this has meant that the cost ofpolling has reduced over the years. This is in comparison to the traditional door-knockingmethod. As a result we are seeing more and more polls being published, which is very usefulfor psephologists, journalists such as yourselves and the public alike. In the run up to the2015 General Election, there are four websites which you will find very useful in providinganalysis on what is happening in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom.

Firstly, lets look at what information is available on a local level. Whilst much of yourcoverage may focus on individual constituencies in your hyperlocal area, unfortunately thereisnt much constituency based polling in existence, simply due to the costs associated.Despite this, Lord Ashcroft has been polling individual marginal constituencies since May2014, some of which includes Welsh constituencies. The website itself provides very usefulgraphs comparing the results from the polls with the 2010 General Election. If you do decideto use Lord Ashcrofts data, please do note that date that the polling was undertaken as itcould be upto a year old. The full link to Lord Ashcrofts data can be found herehttp://lordashcroftpolls.com/constituency-polls/

The second source of polling data and analysis on a Welsh level can be found over at theElections in Wales blog. This site is run by Professor Roger Scully of the Wales GovernanceCentre at Cardiff University. The blog itself is devoted to to the discussions and analysis ofelections and political representation in Wales. Whilst it is not updated daily, it does provide awealth of analysis and data that is readily available for consumption. The blog itself containsall the polling data that has been undertaken in Wales, much of it by the Wales GovernanceCentre, as well as Professor Scullys analysis of what it all means. The site also containsrelevant election results in Wales too. All of the relevant opinion polling data can be foundhere: http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/electionsinwales/opinion-polls/

Finally, there are two very useful websites for UK-wide opinion polling data. The first is May2015 which is run by the New Statesman.This website, along with providing all the latestpolling data and a poll of polls (a kind of average poll of all the polls), also provides data onwhat the public think on different issues. The site also has opinion pieces from experts ondifferent aspects of the election. The second site that is worth taking a peek at is UK General Election 2015. This site is an excellent resource, for as well as all the latest polling data, asa directory for all prospective candidates, party broadcasts and information on recentelections in the UK.

http://ukgeneralelection2015.blogspot.co.uk/http://lordashcroftpolls.com/constituency-polls/http://may2015.com/http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/electionsinwales/opinion-polls/

Which issues are devolved? (and which arenot?)Since 1999 and the formation of the National Assembly for Wales (as well as the ScottishParliament), certain powers have been devolved to Wales. This means that responsibilityover some policy areas lie in Wales with the National Assembly for Wales and the WelshGovernment, rather than the Houses of Parliament and HM Government in Westminster.Since 2011, the National Assembly for Wales has primary law-making powers in relation tothe devolved fields.

The Government of Wales Act 2006 outlines what powers are devolved to Wales. The twentyareas of responsibility include:

Agriculture, Forestry, Animals, Plants and Rural Development Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings Culture Economic Development Education and Training Environment Fire and Rescue Services and Fire Safety Food Health and Health Services Highways and Transport Housing Local Government National Assembly for Wales Public Administration Social Welfare Sport and Recreation Tourism Town and Country Planning Water and Flood Defence Welsh Language

If a policy area is not specified within one or more of the areas listed in the Act, or if it isclearly noted as an exception or restriction within the Act, then the National Assembly forWales cannot legislate on that matter.

Whilst those areas are devolved to Wales, the UK Parliament is responsible for other mattersin relation to Wales. Policy areas that remain the responsibility of the UK Parliament and HMGovernment include:

http://www.assembly.wales/en/abthome/role-of-assembly-how-it-works/Pages/governance-of-wales.aspxhttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/32/contents

policing and criminal justice; foreign affairs, defence and security issues; and welfare, benefits and social security. Taxation (apart from powers to set council tax and business rates) Fiscal and macroeconomic policy Policy and public expenditure allocation across the UK Block grant funding for UK Government departments and the devolved administrations

As expected, health is emerging as a key area for debate in the General Election with itbeing used as the political football between Labour and the Conservatives at aWestminster level. It is worth remembering that as health is devolved, the WelshGovernment, not the UK Government make decisions in this area. This also applies to theeducation system in Wales, apart from school teachers pay and conditions.

Another key matter within this Election for Wales is the devolution settlement itself. Thecurrent arrangement of powers for Wales is under a process of negotiation at a UK-level,with parties in Wales calling for more powers to be devolved. More information on this canbe found in the St. Davids Day agreement, but it is worth noting that political discussionsaround this matter are currently in flux.

http://www.assembly.wales/en/abthome/role-of-assembly-how-it-works/Pages/governance-of-wales.aspxhttps://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-funding-announcement-and-new-powers-for-wales-in-st-davids-day-agreement

How to get in touch with your localcandidatesContacting your local candidate or MP, in some respects, has never been easier. Many are nowregular social media users and are used to communicating with the media and their constituentsthrough many different platforms.

In addition to new forms of social media, there are other ways of contacting your MP, either byemail or over the phone. However, often they will receive hundreds of emails and thereforecontacting them through social media may be a better way to ensure an answer.

As a hyperlocal journalist your strength is that you will be in tune with the issues within thesurrounding area and what the constituents are particularly worried about. If you contact yourlocal candidate, try to make it personal by asking them about their views and opinions on a localissue.

Make it clear what youre asking of them, whether its a quote, an interview or just a quickopinion about a local issue you know is bothering many people in your area. Do your research,try to find out as much as you can about their policies and background in order to make sureyoure asking the right questions.

Your strength as a hyperlocal journalist is that you have a local readership and therefore will beable to communicate directly with their voters and possible constituents. This should behighlighted when you contact your candidate to ensure that they appreciate your reach withinthe area.

Sell yourself (and your reach)As a community journalist, you serve an engaged readership who share your newsarticles, debate about your Facebook posts and send their news by tweet.

So dont underestimate yourself. When approaching candidates for a profile, question or access,arm yourself with positive facts and statistics about your community news site. For some,community journalism is sadly still an unknown quantity, but most candidates will be receptive toan engaged audience of voters in their constituency.

There are several tools you can use (and will probably be already using) to quantify youraudience:

Google Analytics - the most significant measurementtool for any website, Google Analytics will provide youwith statistics on monthly unique visitors, pageviews,impressions and more (many of these metrics are alsouseful if you are interested in appealing toadvertisers). You can also find out how many peopleaccess your site from a smartphone, where they findyour site, and whereabouts your audience come from.It is also useful to let candidates know how their profileor bio is performing, which may make them more likelyto provide information next time.

Bit.ly - Use bit.ly to find out how your links areperforming. If you share a news story link on socialmedia or on your website, you can track the number ofclicks this attracts, which is a useful metric to presentto a candidate. You can also customise your links withGeneral Election-specific text.

Twitter and Facebooks own Analytics tools - Ofcourse, you can showcase your number of Twitterfollowers and Facebook likes, which are often veryimpressive in their own right. However, these figuresdont tell the whole story of your social mediaengagement. For example, although Rhondda Peoplehas 552 likes, using Facebooks Insights dashboardthe team were able to discover that one of their recentposts was seen by a whopping 18,000 people. In thesame vein, Pobl Caerdydd used Twitter Analytics tofind out that their tweets in July 2014 received over

https://bitly.com/http://www.google.com/analytics/https://analytics.twitter.com/

60,000 impressions. Therefore, be sure to include your reach as well as the baseline socialmedia figures when approaching candidates.

There are many other free-to-use tools to measure your audience and reach, including:

Buffer FollowerWonk

Klout SumAll

and many more!

The general election: a timelineFollowing the Fixed-Term Parliaments Act which was passed by the current coalitiongovernment, the date for the next general election, Thursday 7th May 2015, has been known forsome time. The dissolution of Parliament will take place on 30th March 2015. This means thatthe current Parliament will finish. This will also signal the beginning of the short campaign(formerly known as purdah) for the 2015 General Election. The short campaign typically beginssix weeks before a General Election, and during this period significant decisions on policy willbe postponed until after the election. Some other key dates to note are:

Thursday 9th April 2015- the deadline for candidates to put their nomination papers in

Tuesday 21st April 2015- the deadline for applying for a postal vote

Thursday 7th May 2015- polling day

All the relevant information can be accessed on the UK Parliament website.

https://klout.com/homehttp://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/general/general-election-timetable-2015/http://www.publicaffairscymru.org/2015/03/25/briefing-for-members-on-pre-election-period-2015/https://sumall.com/https://sumall.com/https://followerwonk.com/https://bufferapp.com/

Polling dayThere are a number of ways you can report on polling day, depending on what time andresources you have available, and what you think would have the most impact.

It is important to remember that you will not be able to film or photograph within the pollingstations, and that people might not be willing be share their voting intentions with you. Seebelow for three aspects of this day might be useful for you to cover, but this is by no meansexhaustive.

1) Reporting on candidates voting themselvesCandidates will obviously be interested in promoting themselves on polling day, and are likely towelcome further coverage of themselves voting. This also gives them a last chance to get theirmessage out.

Party campaign offices could be contacted about when and where candidates are voting, andwhether they would be willing to allow you to cover this. As with all coverage, it is important toget an equal coverage of all main candidates in order to ensure that you cannot be accused ofbias.

2) Exit pollIf you have a fair few hours and people power, an exit poll can be undertaken from a certainpolling station. This will be most useful in a marginal seat where it is debatable which candidatewill win.

To do this you can choose a period of a few hours during polling day, early morning or earlyevening is likely to be busiest, and ask voters when they leave the station how they have voted.You need to ensure that there is a representative sample of voters, and with this you cansuggest who is likely to win.

It is important to market this as what it is: a small sample, not a conclusive result. By doing this,you can make a suggestion as to who might win that constituency based on your exit polling.

3) Final canvassing Campaigners often do final canvassing during voting day to remind people to vote, particularlythose who have said that will definitely vote for their party. This can involve door-knocking andleafleting across the day, such as at 9am, 12pm, and 5pm to catch all voters.

Candidates and canvassing teams might be willing for you to track this process, or parts of it,and report on it throughout the day. Again this is dependent on times and resources.

It is unlikely that you will be able to do this for all candidates, therefore the impartiality issue israised again. It is important that you do not use the reporting to promote a particular candidate,and legal advice should be followed in this regard.

Election nightAgain, reporting on election night is dependent on time and resources. It is important tobalance these with the amount of impact you are likely to have in reporting the result ofthe election real time.

Real time reporting at vote counts can be important, especially with the advent of Twitter, overelection night. However, the result is unlikely to be announced until the early hours of themorning and your audience may all be asleep! Some people will stay up to follow proceedings,likely on Twitter - but it is worth considering how many people in your area this will be.If you would like to see if you can attend a local count on election night you could contact themedia officer for the Electoral Commission in Wales (Laura Ward on 029 2034 6810) whoshould be able to give advice on hyperlocal journalists attending counts.

The aftermath and next stepsFirstly, the date for the return of Parliament will be known. As part of the dissolution ofParliament ahead of the general election, a proclamation will be made on 30th March thatannounces the date for the first sitting of the next Parliament.

As for government formation, the Monarch does not automatically invite the leader of the largestparty to form the government. Rather, as in 2010 and in February 1974, the incumbent PrimeMinister remains in office unless and until he tenders his resignation to the Monarch.Furthermore, the Prime Minister is entitled to test the confidence of the House of the Commonsfollowing the election, but if no majority is found then they are expected to resign. In the eventthat the Prime Minister resigns then the Monarch will invite the person who appears most likelyto be able to command the confidence of the House to serve as Prime Minister and to form agovernment. Further details are available in Chapter Two of The Cabinet Manual.

We hope that this Guide has given you the confidence and knowledge to cover the GeneralElection in your community and approach your local candidates. Community journalists have animportant role to play in holding power to account and informing voters in their local community,and were looking forward to seeing how this role is exercised in this years General Election.

If you have any questions about your coverage, or want to seek advice on a feature youreplanning, get in touch with us in the following ways:

Tweet @C4CJ or @WalesGovernance Email scarbroughh1@cf.ac.uk or meesee@cf.ac.uk Call 029 208 70101

Good luck with your General Election coverage, and keep in touch!

Conclusion

http://www.twitter.com/WalesGovernancehttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60641/cabinet-manual.pdfhttp://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/general/general-election-timetable-2015/#jump-link-3https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60641/cabinet-manual.pdfhttp://www.twitter.com/C4CJ

Further reading Electoral Commissions Media Handbook

Media Law - Reporting Elections

BBCs Election Guidelines

Handbook for Journalists during Elections

Election night reporting for local newspapers

The Cabinet Manual

Thanks and creditsThanks to Sarah Hartley and everyone who contributed their election coverage ideas at TalkAbout Local's 2015 unconference; and community journalists Jack Davies and Jeremy Mortonwho provided tips and tools.

Image credits (flickr)Front cover: secretlondon123 and Coventry City CouncilPage 7: Coventry City Council

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rmhttp/guidelines/editorialguidelines/pdfs/2015_Election_Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/182136/UKPGE-2015-media-handbook.pdfhttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60641/cabinet-manual.pdfhttp://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/handbook_for_journalists_during_elections_.pdfhttp://www.rjionline.org/sites/default/files/attachments/scott_swafford_election_night.pdfhttp://www.twitter.com/C4CJhttp://www.journalism-now.co.uk/media-law-reporting-elections/

Candidates in Wales