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General Pathology. Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Blood Derived Pigments. Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/. Pigments. Definition: colored substances in the organism or environment. Pigments. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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General Pathology Basic Principles
of Cellular and Organ Pathology
Blood Derived Pigments
Jaroslava DuškováInst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Praguehttp://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/
PigmentsDefinition:
colored substances in the organism
or environment
PigmentsClassification: endogenous
– hemoproteins
derived– autogenous
exogenous
Hemoproteins Derived Pigments
- colour substances originating from hemoglobin modification or breakdown
Hemoproteins Derived Pigments oxyhemoglobin hematin (Fe3+) methemoglobin (globin + hematin) carboxyhemoglobin
Blood Pigment Breakdown
extravascular intravascular
ExtravascularBlood Pigment Breakdown
Hemoglobin biliverdin + globin + Fe
biliverdin bilirubin
ExtravascularBlood Pigment Breakdown
Globin aminoacids
Fe hemosiderin
Fe(OH)3 + protein carrier hematoidin = tissue bilirubin
(+ceroid)
Hemosiderin - Features
brown
with acid potassium
ferocyanide solution forms a deep
blue product Prussian blue
(Perls´ reaction)
Hemochromatosis– autosom. recessive
6th chromosome – mutation of transferin. receptor ass. protein
prevalence 0,3–0,8 % (!!!)– deblocation of Iron intake
(Iron need = cca 1–2mg/day)– deposits of HEMOSIDERIN:
pancreas (diabetes bronze), myocardium, pituitary, joints,
liverPHLEBOTOMY THERAPY
Blood Pigment Breakdown
extravascular intravascular
IntravascularBlood Pigment Breakdown
Hemoglobin bound to haptoglobin (2– globulin) + Fe
biliverdinbilirubinurobilinogen enterohepatalstercobilinogen circulationurobilinstercobilin
Bilirubin Processing transport to the liver
hepatocyte entry – hepatocyte blood pole
glucuronylation
output to bile - hepatocyte bile pole
Icterus –Jaundice
Definition:
a condition in which the tissues are yellowish due to the
increase of bilirubin concentration
(normal plasma: 1mg% unconj. bilirubin bound to albumin)
Bilirubin Processing transport to the liver
hepatocyte entry – hepatocyte blood pole
glucuronylation
output to bile - hepatocyte bile pole
Icterus – Jaundice generalized
– prehepatal flavin
– hepatal ruby
– posthepatal verdant icterus
melas
local– surrounding
hematoma
Icterus
hemolytical (dynamic)
hepatocellular (dissociated)
obstructive (resorptive)
mixed
Icterus
hemolytical (dynamic)– corpuscular
(hered. spherocytosis - def. G6P-dehydrogenase, thalassaemia)
– extracorpuscular
(icterus neonati simplex, icterus neonati gravis)
Hemolytic Disease of the NewbornMorbus hemolyticus neonati –
erythroblastosis fetalis Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus anti Rh IgG crossing the placenta
barrier – anaemia neonati – icterus neonati gravis– hydrops fetus universalis– abortus
Ceroid prevalence
– erythrocytes breakdown places
– fatty tissue necroses
– avitaminosis E
– melanosis coli
– Dubin - Johnson syndrome
Icterus hepatocellular (dissociated)
– hepatotoxic – acquiredCCl4, amanitin,
hepatitis epidemica, febris flava,
leptospirosis, bact. sepsis...
– enzymopathies – inborn(Crigler–Najjar, Gilbert, -glucuronyltransferase defect Dubin–Johnson, Rotor)
Icterus
posthepatal – obstructive– acquired
obstruction– intraluminal– intramural,– extramural
– inborn(primary billiary atresia)
Blockage of the Biliary Ways
multiple intrahepatal
both right and left hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
choledochus papilla Vateri
intraluminal - stone, ascaris…
intramural - non-neoplastic (inflamm.), neoplastic…
extramural – non-neoplastic,neoplastic
combined
Icterus
hemolytical (dynamic)
hepatocellular (dissociated)
obstructive (resorptive)
mixed
Icterus Hemolytic Hepatocellular Obstructive
Cause Bilirubin production
Input, conjug., output
Bile flow block
Serum bilirubin Unconj. Conj & unconj. Conj.
Urine -urobilin, stercobilin
0 + +++
Urine - urobilinogen
+++ ++ - 0
Feces -stercobilinogen
+++ + - -
Cholesterol +++
Bile acids +++