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Generative Design and Parametric Modeling
advanced computational modeling
Allen LaSala – Dallas, Texas
Thornton Tomasetti
The Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) is a
Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of
this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement
by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material
or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and
services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright
This presentation and the materials provided are protected by U.S. and International
copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation or materials
without written permission is prohibited.
© AGC of America, 2012
Course Description
Thornton Tomasetti (TT) is an internationally recognized engineering company. TT’s
Advanced Computational Modeling (ACM) team works at the forefront of computation
practices. TT utilizes a wide range of commercially available as well as customized digital
tools and automation procedures to model, simulate, analyze, and optimize engineering
projects of various scales worldwide. By creating a collaborative dialog with the designer at
the conceptual phase, the architectural, engineering & fabrication models can be developed
simultaneously from the same geometric reference model, allowing a holistic design
process.
Using a number of recent examples, this presentation will showcase how computational
tools can be tailored to greatly enhance the collaboration process between all parties
involved in large-scale international construction projects. One example would be the
65,000 seat Basrah Main Stadium, designed by 360 Architecture. To realize this project
successfully, software such as Digital Project and Tekla were automated to reduce the
fabrication process of the 100 foot long GFRP skin panels by more than 18 months, while
creating a BIM model that served the project team through all project phases, from concept
design to digital fabrication.
Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, attendees will be able to:
Attendees will be able to summarize Integrated design exploration
utilizing advanced 'digital engines'.
Attendees will be able to illustrate the digital fabrication approach from
early design concepts through to production.
Attendees will be able to identify integrated form finding approach for
freeform structures using custom automization tools.
Attendees will be able to identify interlinked architectural and
engineering models for advanced analysis.
Generative Modeling
Integrated Project Delivery Graphic by HOK
CONCEPT(?)
GENERATIVE MODELING + BIM BIM (Tekla, Revit, CATIA,…)
collaborative
modeling
Al-Menaa Soccer Stadium 360 Architecture
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Architectural Concept Architect’s 3DSmax model
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Grasshopper Model Demo
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Grasshopper Model Demo
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Structural Analysis model Automated Rhino to SAP translation
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
REVIT Documentation model Automated SAP to REVIT translation
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Revit Model
Automated Information Exchange
Basrah 30K Soccer Stadium
Revit Model
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Rendering by 360 Architects
Automated Information Exchange
Al Menaa Soccer Stadium
Membrane Warp Stresses
West 57th St. Residential Bjarke Ingels Group,
Denmark
Automated Information Exchange
W57th St
Scheme 1: June 15th
15 Floors
Scheme 2: Aug 12th
20 Floors
Scheme 3: Aug 23th
34 Floors
Automated Information Exchange
W57th St
Structural Model in Rhino Generated from Architect’s floor plans and elevation data using Grasshopper
Automated Information Exchange
W57th St
Grasshopper Demo
Automated Information Exchange - Grasshopper to ETABS
W57th St
Structural geometry translator TT in-house E2K text file creation
W57th St Automated Information Exchange - Grasshopper to ETABS
• Structural geometry translator
• TT in-
house
E2K text
file
creation
integrated
analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow MANICA Architecture
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Structural Model in Rhino Generated from Architect’s floor plans and elevation data using Grasshopper
Length Axis 1(mm)
Length Axis 2 (mm) Area (mm2) round a1 round a2 range a1 count a1 range a2 count a2 Axis 1 Axis 2
0 10992.00 7238.41 37226000.00 11000.00 7000.00 9000.00 2.00 5500.00 2.00 min 9183.83 5729.17 1 11586.00 7604.86 40617000.00 11500.00 7500.00 9500.00 12.00 6000.00 1256.00 max 20748.00 14380.00 2 12212.00 7909.85 44164000.00 12000.00 8000.00 10000.00 18.00 6500.00 187.00 3 12794.00 8077.95 47266000.00 13000.00 8000.00 10500.00 41.00 7000.00 120.00 4 13335.00 8033.73 49528000.00 13500.00 8000.00 11000.00 51.00 7500.00 77.00 5 13868.00 7917.84 51462000.00 14000.00 8000.00 11500.00 63.00 8000.00 57.00 6 14388.00 7750.29 52956000.00 14500.00 8000.00 12000.00 61.00 8500.00 29.00 7 14897.00 7544.69 54001000.00 15000.00 7500.00 12500.00 59.00 9000.00 35.00 8 15400.00 7315.29 54641000.00 15500.00 7500.00 13000.00 58.00 9500.00 23.00 9 15887.00 7131.91 55258000.00 16000.00 7000.00 13500.00 81.00 10000.00 31.00
10 16339.00 6885.61 54882000.00 16500.00 7000.00 14000.00 75.00 10500.00 20.00
Angle A Angle B Angle A / Angle B Angle Sum Max Deviation Dist (eval srf)
0 116.212661 113.173502 1.02685398 360 5.336134 1 117.61059 112.826751 1.042399865 360 0.871038 2 118.691855 113.594831 1.044870211 360 1.130024 3 120.75759 114.371515 1.055836237 360 9.984354 4 123.56208 116.109558 1.064185259 360 14.836463 5 126.267276 118.296062 1.067383596 360 19.303195 6 128.966301 120.701635 1.068471865 360 23.444554 7 131.723265 123.194604 1.069229177 360 27.788725 8 134.365394 125.864944 1.067536279 360 31.773613 9 136.036988 128.778648 1.056362915 360 10.296549
10 135.124833 135.064414 1.000447335 360 302.36649
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Panel Callouts
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Reaction Forces and Warp Stress - Prestress without and with cables
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Panel Size and Panel Curvature
Before After
Panel Size: Max 115.5 m2 | Min: 23.1 m2
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Structural model defined in Grasshopper Manica Architecture
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Member force analysis is SAP
Change from ETFE to Polycarbonate
VTB Arena, Moscow Manica Architecture
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Change in structure and cladding: Polycarbonate
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Change in structure and cladding
before
after
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
From Sap to Revit
Roof model from SAP to Revit Integration with superstructure Revit model
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Building sections and 2D roof plan drawings in Revit
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Building sections and 2D roof plan drawings in Revit
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Building sections and 2D roof plan drawings in Revit
Integrated Analysis
VTB Arena, Moscow
Building sections and 2D roof plan drawings in Revit
Change from ETFE to Polycarbonate
VTB Arena, Moscow Manica Architecture
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization – original surface Thornton Tomasetti R&D
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Parametric Optimization
Cold Bending Explained
Tower Façade Optimization – original surface
“Twist” offset < D/175 ?
Torsion in corners of edge spacer
Deflected edge shape depends on sub-structure stiffness, shape is not necessarily linear = impact on air-tightness joints.
Primary seal is main element of service-ability, seal is stressed by overall twist.
Iso-Glass
Force to “press into form”
D2
permanently: water tight? air tight? Stresses in panes usually rather small!
D1
D = (D1+D2)/2
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization – optimized surface Thornton Tomasetti R&D
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization – optimized surface Thornton Tomasetti R&D
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization – genetic algorithm Thornton Tomasetti R&D
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Wuhan Tower Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization
Study to evaluate warpage, slope and pitch of the current configuration of façade panels, and to optimize for constructability and cost efficiency.
Pitched Mullion Analysis in X Axis
Parametric Optimization
Glass Façade Panelization
Tower Façade Optimization
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Parametrical Optimization
Rationalizing The Building Geometry
Tower Façade Optimization
Parametrical Optimization
Rationalizing The Building Geometry
Tower Façade Optimization
NOMINAL DISPACEMENT
FROM ORIGINAL CURVE
software
Custom Software
TT Column Designer
Free Library Philadelphia Safdie Architects
R&D
Full Generative Structure in Grasshopper
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
R&D
Automated Structural Model in SAP
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
Building Structures
Automated Structural Model in SAP
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
R&D
SAP to REVIT Translation
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
R&D
SAP to REVIT Translation
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Out of plane warpage shown in percent
Max warpage allowed: 0.57%
REVIT to TEKLA Translation R&D
Free Library Philadelphia SAFDIE Architects
Free Library Philadelphia
Building Structures
Building Sustainability
Embodied Carbon Calculator
Building Sustainability
Embodied Carbon Calculator
Free Library Philadelphia
Material Embodied Energy
(MJ/kg) Embodied Carbon
(kg CO2e/kg)
Concrete 1.04 0.07
Steel 20.1 1.46
Aluminum 155.00 9.16
Glass 15.00 0.91
Timber 10.00 0.72
Structural / Facade initial Embodied
Energy represents 50% or more of
the built project and 20+ % of the
total embodied energy for the life of
the building.
together
bringing it all
Change from ETFE to Polycarbonate
Basrah Main Stadium 360 Architecture
Bringing it all together
Basrah 65K Skin Design
Catia Model
Reduce number of molds from 10 to 5
Movement Joints En
d z
on
e
Side Line
A
B
C
D
E
Change from ETFE to Polycarbonate
Parametric Panel Informs Connection Brackets
Geometry data output to Excel for bracket design coordination and cost estimation of GRP panel
Driven Parameters
Bringing it all together
Coordination Model
Bringing it all together
Transportation Planning
2220mm
Bringing it all together
Bracket Design
Automated Model Generation Bringing it all together
• Catia to Tekla VBA
Bringing it all together
Automated Model Generation
Geometry Translation from DP into Tekla
Reference Geometry scripted in DP.
Then translated into Tekla model.
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
GFRP Panel mold created from CATIA model
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
October 2010
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
February 2011
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
May 2011
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
August 2011
Bringing it all together
Digital to Physical Modeling
thank you