7/31/2019 Genitourinary Block (2)
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ONNAZLI0910
GENITOURINARY BLOCK
CASE 1
A 60 years old man presents to the clinic with cola-coloured
urine and flank pain. After taking a
careful history, you learn that the man has a low-grade fever
and has lost 10 pounds over pastmonth. He is a chronic smoker. PE
reveals a large mass in the left kidney and lab findings
suggest
secondary polycythaemia.
1. State your provisional diagnosis2. State 1 condition
associated with your provisional diagnosis3. Explain
pathophysiology of cola-coloured urine4. Relate polycythaemia with
your diagnosis5. State pathological findings in the left kidney
CASE 2
A 65 years old malay man with 20 years history of type 2 DM
presents for a nephrology consult after
his primary care physician found a progressive increase of
proteinuria in recent lab studies. The lab
studies also revelas hyperlipidaemia and hypercholestrolaemia.
Through physical investigation, there
are bilateral retinopathy and oedema in both leg. He was
diagnosed to have diabetic nephropathy
1. Explain briefly the metabolism of glucose2. State the
pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy3.
List HPE findings that can be found in this patients
glomeruli
4. What do you understand by diabetic triopathy5. Explain
principle of management for the patient with diabetic
nephropathy
CASE 3
A 25 years old man presents with blood in his urine. Further
history reveals that his father had died
of kidney in his late 30s and the patient is very concerned
about having same fate. PE reveals a blood
pressure of 170/110 mmHg and bilateral palpable renal masses. He
was sent to CT scan and he was
diagnosed to have polycystic kidney disease
1. Classify polycystic kidney disease2. State mode of
inheritance of both disease above3. List the pathology of
polycystic kidney disease4. List expected findings in patients CT
scan5. patient is very concerned about having same fate, describe
concept of truth telling and
state 1 other ethical issue involve in this kind of
situation
7/31/2019 Genitourinary Block (2)
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ONNAZLI0910
RAPID KL QUESTION
1. With the aid of diagram, briefly describe congenital
abnormalities of kidney:a) Horse-shoe kidneyb) Right pelvic
kidneyc) Discoid kidneyd) Left supernumerary kidney
2. With the aid of diagram, briefly describe congenital
abnormalities of ureter:a) Complete double ureterb) Bifid ureter
with double kidneyc) Partial double ureterd) Bifid ureter with
divided kidney
3. With the aid of diagram, briefly describe congenital
abnormalities of allatois:a) Urachal fistulab) Urachal cystc)
Urachal sinus
4. Define glomerulonephritis5. Explain the pathogenesis of
glomerulonephritis6. List 10 manifestations of uraemia
CASE 4
A 15 years old Chinese presents to emergency room frightened by
his red-colored urine. Upon taking
a complete history, you learn that he is suffering from a
strange flu-like syndrome that began 2 days
earlier consisting of vomiting, myalgias, athralgia and fever.
Serum studies reveal increase serum IgA
levels and normal serum complement levels
1. State your provisional diagnosis2. State the pathogenesis of
the disease you stated above3. State 4 theories of autoimmunity4.
State 1 treatment in this patient
CASE 5
A 40 years woman presents to emergency room due to colicky
abdominal pain and flank pain
radiating toward her groin. History reveals that she has seen
large amounts of blood in her urine and
that she had history of recurrent UTI. She was diagnose to have
urinary stone
1. State further history you would like to ask to support your
diagnosis2. State 4 types of stone and the related illness3. What
do you mean by colicky abdominal pain? State the pathogenesis4.
List complications that arise from this condition5. What are the
theories of formation of urinary stones?
