Genitourinary systemCASES

CASE 1

Neurogenic bladder• dysfunctional urinary bladder that results from an injury to

the central or peripheral nerves that control and regulate urination.

D/Ds• BOO• PUV

CASE 2

Caudal regression syndrome• spectrum of structural defects of the caudal region.

Malformations vary from isolated partial agenesis of the coccyx to lumbosacral agenesis.

CASE 3

Posterior urethral valves• Posterior urethral valves (PUV's) are the most common congenital obstructive lesion of the urethra and a common cause of obstructive uropathy in infancy.

CASE 4

Hutch diverticulum• A Hutch diverticulum is a congenital bladder diverticulum, seen at vesicoureteric junction. 

CASE 5

Sacro-coccygeal teratoma • It refers to a teratoma arising in the sacro-coccygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved.

• There are most often mixed solid/cystic 

CASE 6

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis• chronic inflammatory disease almost always associated with

long-term obstruction– Most often associated with Proteus or E. Coli infection

• Produces either diffuse (80-90%), or sometimes focal (10-20%), destruction of the kidney

• Almost always unilateral• Four times more common in women than men, usually 45-65

years of age

CASE 7

TUMOUR IN BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

CASE8

Emphysematous pyelonephritis• It is a morbid infection of kidneys, with characteristic gas

formation within or around the kidneys

CASE 9

Bosniak 2 RENAL CYST

• minimally complex, a few thin (<1 mm) septa, thin calcifications; non-enhancing high-attenuation (due to to proteinaceous or haemorrhagic fluid) renal lesions of less than 3 cm are also included in this category; these lesions are generally well marginated

• work-up: nil• percentage malignant: ~0%

CASE 10

CT Classification of Renal Trauma

• Grade I• Superficial cortical laceration, contusion and/or perirenal

hematoma• Grade II• Deep corticomedullary laceration involving the collecting

system• Grade III• Renal crush injury and/or main vascular pedicle injury• Grade IV• Injury of the renal pelvis or the ureteropelvic junction