Geo-reference for disaster risk management – concepts ...€¦ · etc),Rescuepoints,Health facilities Population, HouseTypes, No.ofhouses, Households, AvgFamilysize 21/07/2014 7

GEO-REF Information Sharing Platform for Disaster Management

Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System

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Nitin Kumar Tripathi, PhD IDD Consultant, ESCAP Coordinator, Remote Sensing and GIS FoS, Asian Institute of Technology

Thailand [email protected]

Technical Advisory Mission September 2013, Cook Islands


Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System • Introduction • Overall framework • Georeferencing • Georeferenced Disaster Management System

user interface

Content


Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System

Introduction


Once a Disaster Occurs

Satellite Data

Real Time Information

Need

Response& Recovery


Disaster�

Type�

Remote�Sensing�

Data�GIS�Data�

Statistical/�

Demographic�

Data�

�

Ancillary�Data�

for�modeling�

and�early�

warning�

Drought�

Regional�Mapping/�

Monitoring:��

MODIS,�NOAA�

District�Level:�

Landsat,�SPOT,�IRS-1C,�

Resourcesat,�Theos�

For�Soil�Moisture:�

Radar�(ERS,�JERS,�

RADARSAT)��

Weather�Satellite:�

GOES�(Geostationary�Operational�

Environmental�

Satellites),�METEOSAT�(METerologicalSATellite)�

,�GMS,�INSAT��

Landuse/�

Landcover/�

Topographic:�

Rivers/�Streams,�reservoirs,�lakes,�

ponds,�Soil�Type,�

Contour�Maps,�DEM,�Admin�boundary,�

Roads,�Railways,�

Airports/helipads,�

Seaports,�Agriculture�

�

Climate:�

Humidity,�Rainfall,�Temperature,�

Evaporation,�Soil�

moisture,�reservoirs,�

Admin�boundary,��

�

Population,�

Population�

density,�Avg�

Family�size,��

�

Sources�of�Food,�

Food�transportation�

methods,�

�

Ecology,�Crop�parameter�

Plant�water�stress,�

Drought�&�Non�

Drought�periods�

data�at�local�scale,�Water�

management�plan�

21/07/2014 5


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Disaster�

Type�

Remote�

Sensing�Data�GIS�Data�

Statistical/�

Demographic�

Data�

�

Ancillary�Data�

for�modeling�

and�early�

warning�

Earthquake�

District�Level:�

Landsat,�SPOT,�

IRS-1C,�

Resourcesat,�Theos�

�

For�large�scale:�

High�Resolution�

during�earthquake�

or�for�damage�

assessment�but�NOT�for�

monitoring�

Geologic:�

Geology,�Geostructural,�

Volcanic�eruptions�points,��

Landuse/�Landcover/�Topographic:�

Rivers/�Streams,�reservoirs,�

lakes,�ponds,�Soil�Type,�Contour�Maps,�DEM,�Admin�

boundary,�Roads,�Railways,�

Airports/helipads,�Seaports,�

Agriculture,�Forest,�Urban.�

Facilities:Shelter�places�

(hospitals/�religious�places,�

academic�buildings�etc),Rescue�points,�Health�

facilities�

Population,�

House�Types,�No.�of�houses,�

Households,�

Avg�Family�size�

�

� 21/07/2014 7


Disaster�

Type�

Remote�Sensing�


Statistical/�

Demographic�

Data�

�

Ancillary�Data�

for�modeling�

and�early�

warning�

Cyclone�

Regional�

Mapping/Monitoring:�

MODIS�

Meteorological�/�Weather�Satellite:�

INSAT,�GMS�(Europe�

Geostationary�Meteorological),�GOES,�

MTSAT,�HIMAWARI,�

Wind-Cloud�2,4,GOMS,�COMS,�PCW�

Cyclone�Dataset,��

Admin�boundary�

maps,��

Rivers,��

Evacuation�centers,�

Hospital,�Academic�

Buildings�

Transportation�

network�

Population,�

House�Types,�No.�

of�houses,�

Households,�Avg�Family�size�

Historical�cyclone�

data�

�

21/07/2014 8


Disaster�

Type�

Remote�Sensing�


Statistical/�

Demographic�Data�

�

Ancillary�

Data�for�

modeling�

and�early�

warning�

Landslide�

�

SPOT-5,�ASTER,�IRS-

ID,��

Aerial�Photographs,�

High�resolution�–�

Geoeye,�Quickbird�

�

Landuse/�Landcover/�

Topographic:�

Rivers/�Streams,�reservoirs,�lakes,�ponds,�Soil�Type,�Contour�

Maps,�DEM,�Admin�boundary,�

Roads,�Railways,�Airports/helipads,�Seaports,�

Agriculture,�Forest,�Urban.�

�

Slope,�Aspect,�Flow�direction�

Previous�landslide�hazard�

maps.Lithology,�Lineament,�

Settlement,�Rescue�points,�

Health�facilities�

Population,�House�

Types,�No.�of�houses,�

Households,�Avg�

Family�size�

Rainfall,�

� 21/07/2014 9


• Data Requirement: for frequent disasters – Data Availability: Status of existing data in high disaster risk LDCs,

LLDCs and PIDCs. – Data Gap Assessment

• Compatibility: Is data compatible in GIS platform for information generation? Or it needs

– Georeferencing necessity – Standards for georeferencing

• Data Warehousing: acquisition, storage and archival • Data sharing: between line agencies/ departments

Geospatial Data - Issues

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• Information extracted by integrated analysis of varied spatial data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Platform

• Main issues to create the Georeferencing System/ Platform: – Need of Georeferencing System/ Platform System Frame work

• Several disaster prone countries such as Japan, China, India, Thailand etc. do have a georeferenced platform and very good capacity to handle the geospatial data in near real time.

• But, the problem come in the case of many LDCs, LLDCs, and PIDCs where most of them are victim to frequent disasters and at the same lack such systems.

– Components that need to be agreed • Overall framework of the Georeferenced Disaster Management System • Interface between system and data input personnel, decision makers, planners

and people • Hardware/ software requirement of the system

Georeferenced Geographic Information Systems

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Geospatial Data Freely Available

• Post disaster satellite data (Committed by China, India and Thailand through ESCAP mechanism)

• Stereo satellite data is also available from China and India at very fine resolution.

• Digital elevation model of 30m (SRTM) and ASTER DEM from Jaexa • Climate Data (TRMM and several others) • Forest Fire products (MODIS) • Sea Surface Temperature (MODIS) • Ocean current direction • Bathymetric charts • Landuse/ Landcover maps from Local Government or Non-Governmental

organisations • Hydrographic data from local organisations • Statistical data from National Statistical Offices, CRED or Desinventor


• Georeferencing defines the location of an object in three-dimensional physical space. That is, establishing its location in terms of standard map projections or coordinate systems.

• Georeferencing relates to both data model when establishing the relation between raster or vector images/ maps and coordinates but also when determining the spatial location of other geographical features.

Georeferencing - Definition


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How to georeference?



Spatial Adjustment of Vector Data


Image to Image Open both Images & mark reference point

Zoom to other Image which need to correct

Marked same point by visualization


Importing Data from Sheets

Linking with GIS layers


Table Join in GIS



Raster Overlay Operations



Online Maps and Data – Availability, Analysis and Information for DRM



Georeferenced Disaster Management System user interface


Anatomy of a MapServer Application



• It will convert and conform all the dataset to a common base map. This map should first be configured into a global standard projection system and coordinate system. The base map should be of required scale based on the application.

• In addition to a minimum level of georeferencing there can also be further standardization related to coding systems. These codes refer to the vector data and are based on GSDI (Global Spatial Database Infrastructure) guidelines. Each country can have its own standardized coding system of map objects and develop its NSDI (National Spatial Database Infrastructure) in line with GSDI.

• This will allow the geospatial database to be on same platform for ensuring seamless data integration while handling the trans-boundary projects.

What Does Georeferencing Offer?


• The system to create the Georeferenced data and information should consist of hardware/ software and normally comprise of:

• Hardware – Computer Server linked to Internet with various line agencies – Computer peripherals such as – Data Archival/ Backup Devices – Powerful Processor and Graphic Interphase – Data output device for softcopy and hardcopy products – Scanner – Digitizer – Reliable Power backup

• Software – Opens Source GIS Software – Professional GIS Software

Major Hardware/Software


Operation and output of the georeferenced

platform and system

Map/ Satellite Data

Acquisition

Data Preprocessing/ Georeferencing

Data Analysys Geospatial

Information Products


• Disaster management needs the recent satellite images superimposed to find the disaster affected areas and plan a strategy to mitigate. Following steps are required to establish the platform/system to provide the Georeferenced information (maps/ satellite data) in near real time: – Step 1: Establishment of the Hardware Platform – Step 2: Establishment of the Software System

• to Georeference and conduct the integrated analysis using past and recent spatial data to create information products to support disaster risk reduction and mitigation.

Proposed Actions to establish the Georeferencing System/ Platform


– Step 3: Establishment of the Human Resource team

• This team has to support/ organize various tasks: a) Geo-ICT System Management (Data Management, System Management) b) Data acquisition and Georeferencing (Data ordering, data preprocessing and making the data ready for analysis) c) Geospatial Analyst ( To create geoinformation products based on analysis to support decision making)

The outcome of the steps 1-3 will create a basic infrastructure system dedicated for supplying the spatial information for disaster management at national level.


• System Manager – A computer engineer – to manage the software and hardware, – Internet and Intranet management – to manage the database and ensure safety – to maintain integrity of the database – to make the database efficient – synchronized for multiple

users – to facilitate data input and retrieval in the system – to ensure the security of the system from unauthorized

users

Need of skilled workforce


• GIS Technical Assistant for Database – Geospatial data input – Digitizing / scanning – Tabular data linking with maps – Geopreprocessing – georeferencing with base map – encoding the database – Socio-economic data input and integration – Meteorological Data integration – Sensors/ gauge station data integration – Developing and finalizing datalayers – Preparing metadata

Need of skilled workforce (contd.)


• GIS Analyst – Analysis of data in near real-time – To generate hazard map – To map risk areas based on magnitude of hazard, exposure

and vulnerability – Tabular and map reporting – Serving the data to user by hardcopy – Serving the data to users by softcopy – Serving the data to users by internet GIS

Need of skilled workforce


21/07/2014 40


Prev

entio

nweb

ht

tp:/

/pre

vetio

nweb

.net

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reliefweb http://www.reliefweb.int/

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DESINVENTOR http://online.desinventar.org/

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ICIMOD http://geoportal.icimod.org/

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http://www.drrgateway.net/ ESCAP-DRR Gateway

21/07/2014 48


ReliefWeb • timely, reliable and relevant humanitarian information of crisis

worldwide and analysis.• scan the websites of international and non-governmental

organizations, governments, research institutions and the media for news, reports, press releases, appeals, policy documents, analysis and maps related to humanitarian emergencies worldwide.

• RSS, e-mail, Twitter or Facebook).

Preventionweb • Information- reports/ maps/ meetings, • Information exchange tools, • Documentation on major projects associated with UN.

21/07/2014 49


DESINVENTOR • Database related to disasters of certain parts of few countries • Database is manytimes not updated => need updating • Map visualisation available of existing data

ICIMOD • The Mountain GeoPortal is a virtual platform for geo-information and

knowledge resources of the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. • The GeoPortal aims establishing a Himalayan Spatial Data Infrastructure (H-

SDI) • The H-SDI will work through a decentralised network of users and providers

of information by forging partnerships with key national institutions in ICIMOD regional member countries and strategic alliances with relevant regional and global partners.

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DRRgateway Targeting the information and networking needs of national disaster management authorities and relevant ministries The Asia-Pacific Gateway for Disaster Risk Reduction and Development: 1. Improves access and aggregates relevant regional information 2. Provides analytical tools / opportunities for mainstreaming DRR 3. Provides a regional online network for information sharing 4. Encourages regional cooperation for mainstreaming DRR into socio-economic development planning

Proposed Enhancement under the current Project: Georeferenced WebMap Portal as a common platform for ESCAP member countries with capability to: • Visualise maps • Query and Simple Analysis • Create maps by overlay • Create Table/ Charts 21/07/2014 51


Example of a WebMap Portal for Disaster Monitoring

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GISTDA http://flood.gistda.org/

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What proposed geoDRM will offer?• Data input from various line agencies • Data from different satellites • Data georeferencing • Query/ Retrieval/ Simple Analysis • Near Realtime online Information Maps, Tables,

Charts • Interoperability of Data • Data security and integrity


Documents

Geo-reference for disaster risk management – concepts ...€¦ · etc),Rescuepoints,Health facilities Population, HouseTypes, No.ofhouses, Households, AvgFamilysize 21/07/2014 7