Upload
albert-bavis
View
223
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON
GEOTHERMAL GEOCHEMISRTY
02-15 June 2003
İzmir - TURKEY
Prof. Dr. Mahmut PARLAKTUNAMIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
RESERVOIR ENGINEERINGRESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Determination of well locations Planning and interpretation of well measurements (well logging, production rates, etc.) Determination of production mechanism Performance prediction studies of reservoir behavior
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
RESERVOIR ENGINEERINGRESERVOIR ENGINEERINGULTIMATE GOALULTIMATE GOAL
Determination of optimum production conditions to maximize
the heat recovery from the reservoir under suitable economic conditions
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Most suitable development plan of the reservoir Number of wells with well pattern Production rates of the wellbores Heat that will be recovered Change in reservoir temperature with time Enhanced recovery techniques to increase the heat recovery from the reservoir
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
STEPS STEPS
Define the physical processes and develop the conceptual model of the reservoir Determine the physical and chemical properties of reservoir rock and fluid Develop the mathematical and physical models of the reservoir with the help of existing data. Define initial and boundary conditions
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
SOME FACTORS SPECIFIC TO SOME FACTORS SPECIFIC TO GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRSGEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS
Relatively high reservoir temperatures Volcanic origin of rocks with highly fractured characteristics Chemical precipitation of solids within the reservoir during production Boiling of water within the reservoir and/or wellbore
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
Required conditions A heat source A heat carrier (except HDR) Reservoir rock Caprock
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
(Dickson and Fanelli, 1995)
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMSGEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
Vapor dominated systems Liquid dominated systems Geo-pressured reservoirs Hot dry rock (HDR)
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
ENERGY DENSITIES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DENSITIES OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
ASSUMPTIONSASSUMPTIONS
A hypothetical geothermal reservoir– Porosity = 20 %– Initial pressure = 47 bar– Initial temperature = 260 C– 7 bar pressure decline due to fluid production– The reservoir fluid is at either saturated liquid
or saturated vapor state
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
SCENARIOSSCENARIOS
Scenario-1– Originally water, remaining water
Scenario -2– Originally water, becoming steam
Scenario -3– Originally steam, remaining steam
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PHASE DIAGRAMPHASE DIAGRAM
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PHASE DIAGRAMPHASE DIAGRAM
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
STEAM TABLESSTEAM TABLEST T P vliquid vsteam Hliquid Hsteam Hsb Sliquid Ssteam
(°C) (K) (bar) (m3/kg) (m3/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg K) (kJ/kg K)45 318.15 0.09582 0.0010099 15.280 188.35 2583.3 2395.0 0.6383 8.1661
46 319.15 0.10086 0.0010103 14.560 192.53 2585.1 2392.6 0.6514 8.1481
47 320.15 0.10612 0.0010107 13.880 196.71 2586.9 2390.2 0.6645 8.1302
48 321.15 0.11162 0.0010112 13.230 200.89 2588.6 2387.7 0.6776 8.1125
49 322.15 0.11736 0.0010117 12.620 206.87 2590.4 2383.5 0.6906 8.0950
50 323.15 0.12335 0.0010121 12.050 209.26 2592.2 2382.9 0.7035 8.0776
51 324.15 0.12961 0.0010126 11.500 213.44 2593.9 2380.5 0.7164 8.0603
52 325.15 0.13613 0.0010131 10.980 217.62 2595.7 2378.1 0.7293 8.0432
53 326.15 0.14293 0.0010136 10.490 221.80 2597.5 2375.7 0.7422 8.0262
54 327.15 0.15002 0.0010140 10.020 225.98 2599.2 2373.2 0.7550 8.0093
55 328.15 0.15741 0.0010145 9.579 230.17 2601.0 2370.8 0.7677 7.9926
56 329.15 0.16511 0.0010150 9.159 234.35 2602.7 2368.4 0.7804 7.9759
57 330.15 0.17313 0.0010156 8.760 238.53 2604.5 2366.0 0.7931 7.9595
58 331.15 0.18147 0.0010161 8.381 242.72 2606.2 2363.5 0.8058 7.9431
59 332.15 0.19016 0.0010166 8.021 246.91 2608.0 2361.1 0.8184 7.9269
60 333.15 0.1992 0.0010171 7.679 251.09 2609.7 2358.6 0.8310 7.9108
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
SCENARIOSSCENARIOS
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Scenario-1
Scenario-2
Scenario-3
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Scenario-1Scenario-1 Initially at 260 C
hw1 = 1134.9 kJ/kg
Vw1 = 1.275610-3 m3/kg
Ew1=1.780 105 kJ/m3
After 30 years production hw2 = 1085.8 kJ/kg
Vw2 = 1.2513 10-3 m3/kg
Ew2=1.7355 105 kJ/m3
Energy produced from waterEw=4452.5 kJ/m3
Energy produced from rockEr=22857 kJ/m3
Total energy Ea= 27309.5 kJ/m3
83.7 % from rock
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Scenario-2Scenario-2 Initially at 260 C
hw1 = 1134.9 kJ/kg
Vw1 = 1.275610-3 m3/kg
Ew1=1.780 105 kJ/m3
After 30 years production hs2 = 2800.4 kJ/kg
Vs2 = 50.37 10-3 m3/kg
Es2=1.1193 104 kJ/m3
Energy produced from water Ew-s=166180 kJ/m3
Energy produced from rockEr=22857 kJ/m3
Total energyEa= 189670 kJ/m3
12.1 % from rock
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Scenario-3Scenario-3 Initially at 260 C
hs1 = 2796.4 kJ/kg
Vs1 = 42.13410-3 m3/kg
Es1=1.3274 104 kJ/m3
Energy produced from steamEw=2080 kJ/m3
Energy produced from rockEr=22857 kJ/m3
Total energy Ea= 24938 kJ/m3
91.7 % from rock
After 30 years production hs2 = 2800.4 kJ/kg
Vs2 = 50.37 10-3 m3/kg
Es2=1.1193 104 kJ/m3
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Volume of reservoir to supply a 100 MW power station with steam for a period of 30 years
Eelec= 9.46 1016 J
Ethermal= 59.46 1016 J (20 % efficiency)
Scenario 1V= 1.7319 1010 m3
Scenario 2V=0.2494 1010 m3
Scenario 3V=1.8967 1010 m3
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Temperature measurementsTemperature measurements
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Negative Temperature GradientNegative Temperature Gradient
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Flowing wellFlowing well
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Closed wellClosed well
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Temperature ProfilesTemperature Profiles
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Well Completion TestWell Completion Test
Injection of cold wtaer into the wellbore The two main parameters measured
Water loss Permeability
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Water Loss TestWater Loss Test
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
ExampleExample
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
Pressure ProfilesPressure Profiles
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGPRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGBUILD-UP TESTBUILD-UP TEST
Time
Prod
uctio
n ra
te
tp
q = 0
q = Constant
Time
Pre
ssur
e
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGPRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGBUILD-UP TESTBUILD-UP TEST
Time
Pre
ssur
e
Slope is proportional to
PERMEABILITY
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGPRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGDRAWDOWN TESTDRAWDOWN TEST
Time
Pro
duct
ion
rate
q = Constant
Stabilized conditions
Time
Pre
ssur
e
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGPRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGDRAWDOWN TESTDRAWDOWN TEST
Time
Pre
ssur
e
Slope is proportional to
PERMEABILITY
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGPRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGINTERFERENCE TESTINTERFERENCE TEST
June 11, 2003International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry
İZMİR JENARUM YAZ OKULU
TRACER TESTTRACER TEST
A tracer is an identifiable substance that can be followed through the course of a process
Tracers - Radioactive tracers: NaI, NH4Br, I131, Br82, H3
- Chemical tracers: NaCl, CaCl2,
- Organic Dyes: Fluoresceine, Rhodamine-B, Methylene Blue- Conventioanl tracers are identified by conventional analytical methods such as CONDUCTIMETRY, SPECTROMETRY-Radioactive tracers are detected by the emitted radiation