“INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS”

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYMIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Spring 2008Spring 2008

DepartmentDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineeringof Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering

Dr. Mahmut ParlaktunaRes. Assist. Sevtaç Bülbül

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CountriesOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)(OPEC)::

is is a permanent intergovernmental organization of a permanent intergovernmental organization of 13 oil-13 oil-exportingexporting developing nationsdeveloping nations that coordinates and unifies that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policiesthe petroleum policies of its Member Countriesof its Member Countries..

created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10–created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10–14, 14, 19601960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and , by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.Venezuela.

Membership is open to any country which is a Membership is open to any country which is a substantial net substantial net exporter of oilexporter of oil and which shares the and which shares the ideals of the Organization. ideals of the Organization.

Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these development of these member member nations, nations, OPECOPEC aim aimss toto::

bring bring stability to the oil marketstability to the oil market by adjusting their oil by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. demand.

Twice a year, or more frequently if required, the Oil Twice a year, or more frequently if required, the Oil and Energy Ministers of the OPEC Members meet and Energy Ministers of the OPEC Members meet to decide on the Organization's output levelto decide on the Organization's output level, and , and consider whether any action to adjust output is consider whether any action to adjust output is necessary in the light of recent oil market necessary in the light of recent oil market developments.developments.

OPEC's missionOPEC's mission is is::

to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to and regular supply of petroleum to consumersconsumers, ,

a steady income to a steady income to producersproducers and and

a fair return on capital to a fair return on capital to those investingthose investing in the in the petroleum industry.petroleum industry.

OPEC Member CountriesOPEC Member Countries produce about produce about 40 40 per cent of the world’s crudeper cent of the world’s crude oil oil and and 15 per 15 per cent of itscent of its natural gas. natural gas.

OPEC’s oil exports represent about OPEC’s oil exports represent about 55 per 55 per cent ofcent of the oil traded internationally. the oil traded internationally.

THEREFORE, OPEC THEREFORE, OPEC HASHAS A STRONG A STRONG IINFLUENCENFLUENCE ON THE OON THE OIIL MARKET. L MARKET.

The American Petroleum Institute, The American Petroleum Institute, commonly referred to as API, is the main commonly referred to as API, is the main U.S U.S trade association for the oil and natural for the oil and natural gas industry, representing about 400 gas industry, representing about 400 corporations involved in corporations involved in production, , refinement, distribution, and many other refinement, distribution, and many other aspects of the industry. aspects of the industry.

API offices were established in New York API offices were established in New York CityCity..

The American Petroleum Institute was established The American Petroleum Institute was established

on on March 20, 1919March 20, 1919,, – to to afford a means of cooperation with the afford a means of cooperation with the

government in all matters of national concern; government in all matters of national concern;

– to foster foreign and domestic trade in American to foster foreign and domestic trade in American petroleum products; petroleum products;

– to promote in general the interests of the to promote in general the interests of the petroleum industry in all its branches; petroleum industry in all its branches;

– to promote the mutual improvement of its to promote the mutual improvement of its members and the study of the arts and sciences members and the study of the arts and sciences connected with the oil and natural gas industry.connected with the oil and natural gas industry.

Although Although thethe focus focus of of APIAPI is primarily domestic, is primarily domestic, butbut it alsoit also focuses focuses onon several specific areas several specific areas::

– Research& Research& Statistics:Statistics: collecting industry statistics collecting industry statistics, , e.g. e.g. crude oil productioncrude oil production, , crude oil and product crude oil and product stocks, refinery runs and other data. stocks, refinery runs and other data.

– StandardizationStandardization& Certification& Certification:: standardization of standardization of oil field equipmentoil field equipment, , developing industry-wide developing industry-wide standardsstandards. . more than 500 standardsmore than 500 standards and and recommended practicesrecommended practices..

– Taxation:Taxation: develop developinging an orderly, logical and easily an orderly, logical and easily administered way to tax oil assets. administered way to tax oil assets.

Since 1940, IADC has exclusively represented the Since 1940, IADC has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry. worldwide oil and gas drilling industry.

Mission of IADC;Mission of IADC; – promote commitment to safety, preservation of promote commitment to safety, preservation of

the environment and advances in the environment and advances in drilling drilling technology.technology.

IADC's resources offer benefits to its membership of IADC's resources offer benefits to its membership of drilling contractors, producers and associates.drilling contractors, producers and associates.

Membership is open to any company involved in oil Membership is open to any company involved in oil and gas exploration and production, well servicing, and gas exploration and production, well servicing, oil field manufacturing and other rig site services.oil field manufacturing and other rig site services.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OFINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DRILLING CONTRACTORS DRILLING CONTRACTORS ((IADC)IADC)

IEAIEA,, based in Paris, is an based in Paris, is an independentindependent agency agency linked with the linked with the Organization for Economic Co-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Developmentoperation and Development (OECD). (OECD).

IEA acts as energy policy advisor to IEA acts as energy policy advisor to 27 member 27 member countriescountries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. clean energy for their citizens.

IEA Member governments are committed to IEA Member governments are committed to taking joint measures to meet oil supply taking joint measures to meet oil supply emergenciesemergencies. .

They have also agreed to They have also agreed to share energy share energy information, to co-ordinate their energy policiesinformation, to co-ordinate their energy policies and and to co-operate in the development of rational to co-operate in the development of rational energy programsenergy programs..

AIME is a diverse organization, comprising AIME is a diverse organization, comprising five separately incorporated units with a five separately incorporated units with a combined membership of more than 90,000 combined membership of more than 90,000 professionals.professionals.

It was founded in 1871 by 22 mining It was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers inengineers in United StatesUnited States being one of the being one of the first national engineering societies in the first national engineering societies in the country.country.

The mission of The mission of AIMEAIME is: is:–to support the advancement of Member to support the advancement of Member

Societies and to represent the Societies in Societies and to represent the Societies in engineering and science communities.engineering and science communities.

Member Societies:Member Societies:–The Minerals, Metals, and Materials The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS), Society (TMS),

–The Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and The Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), Exploration (SME),

–The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE),The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), –The Iron and Steel Society (ISS)The Iron and Steel Society (ISS)

Society of Petroleum Engineers (Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPSPE);E);–is the international technical and professional is the international technical and professional

association for engineers and the management association for engineers and the management of energy resources produced through the of energy resources produced through the wellbore. wellbore.

–collects, distributes, and exchanges information collects, distributes, and exchanges information on techniques and operations to nearly 49,500 on techniques and operations to nearly 49,500 members in 125 countries through a broad members in 125 countries through a broad range of activities, including section meetings, range of activities, including section meetings, publications, continuing education programs, publications, continuing education programs, and technical meetings and exhibitions.and technical meetings and exhibitions.

Mission of Mission of SPSPE E isis;;– tto provide the means for collection, and o provide the means for collection, and

exchange of technical information concerning exchange of technical information concerning the development of oil and gas resources,the development of oil and gas resources, subsurface fluid flowsubsurface fluid flow productionproduction of other of other materials through wellbores for the public materials through wellbores for the public benefitbenefit

– to provide opportunities through its programs to provide opportunities through its programs for interested (and qualified) individuals to for interested (and qualified) individuals to maintain and upgrade their individual technical maintain and upgrade their individual technical competencecompetence..

SPE has a section in Turkey as the part of South SPE has a section in Turkey as the part of South and Central Europe Region. and Central Europe Region.

SPE sponsors student chapters all over the SPE sponsors student chapters all over the world. With 102 student chapters in 36 countriesworld. With 102 student chapters in 36 countries..

There are two student chapters in Turkey, There are two student chapters in Turkey, Istanbul Technical University and Middle East Istanbul Technical University and Middle East Technical University SPE Student Chapters.Technical University SPE Student Chapters.

SPE SPE Membership;Membership; (www.spe.org) (www.spe.org)

REFERENCES

http://www.opec.org/ http://api-ec.api.org/newsplashpage/

index.cfm http://www.iadc.org http://www.tms.org/AIME/AIME.html http://www.spe.org/ http://www.iea.org/

THANKS FOR LISTENING.