CHINA HONG KONG MACAU

over 25 years by

GERMANY since 1929

Fortune 500 Global Group Company

Stocklisted in London, New York and Dublin

www.crh.com

1

Application of Building Technology

for Controlling Risk at Source - 14/07/2016

CHINA HONG KONG MACAU

since 1980

3

Current connection methods 現行連接方式

4

Precast Concrete Connection Typical applications

Fixing of C/W brackets

Guide rail fixing

Fixing of of stadium seats

Pipe support

Machinery fixing

Pre-cast panel connections Fixing overhead lines

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6

Seismic / Dynamic loading

HALFEN channels were independently tested acc. to the provisions of ACI 355.2-2007.

The results proved that the stated load capacties are also valid for the load condition of

an earthquake.

7

Fire protection (R90 & R120 as per ETA approval)

HTA-CE channels available with fire ratings for R90 as well as R120

Actual tests have shown that hot-rolled cast-in channels provide even

higer resistance compared to cold-rolled channels (ETA revision in

progress)

8

Design consideration since – cracks in concrete

components

Deformation

Deformation

Loading

Deformation

Compression

Tension

Cracks!

Cracks can occure anywhere in concrete at any time!

Factors involved:

Loads like dead load, traffic or wind loads

Shrinkage and creeping of concrete

External influences like earthquakes or ground motions

that result in tensions, deformations and thus crack formation

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Parapet fixing

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Parapet fixing

12

Reference

25 years by 13

Reference

25 years by

TAMAR 2011

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Façade Panel Anchor 預製混凝土板吊掛系統

Wind-pressure

風壓力

Wind-suction

風吸力

FPA: Calculation for upper und lower hoizontal support

上、下部支撐點計算 From dead-load: H from FPA 恒載：H水準分力

Do,g1=H x (h1-h2)/h1

Du,g1=H x h2/h1

From dead-load: offset G 恒載：G偏心作用 Do,g2= -G x (f/2)/h1

Du,g2= G x (f/2)/h1

From wind-pressure 風壓力

Do,wD= WD x AO

Du,wD= WD x AU

From wind-suction 風吸力

Do,wS = WS x AO

Du,wS = WS x AU

The loads have to be summed up 上述荷載應組合

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Parapet Corbels 預製女兒牆錨固系統

Design Theory 設計原理

• Types BRA 1-8 with Mpl,y,Rd = 200 - 2100 kNcm

型號BRA 1-8具有Mpl,y,Rd = 200 - 2100 kNcm

• Cavity b up to approx. 400 mm

空隙b可達400mm

• Thickness f from100 mm

牆厚f大於100mm

• Actions 荷載 - dead-load 恒荷載 - wind 風荷載 - horizontal loads (handrail) 橫向荷載（欄杆） - temperature 溫度

• Recommendation: use software BRA

建議：採用BRA設計軟體

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Invisible Stair Connection 樓梯連接件

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Invisible Stair Connection 樓梯連接件

Features 產品特性

• 隱型安裝、無梯梁、無需牛腿

Invisible, no beam, no corbel

• 隔音降噪

Sound insulation

• 易於安裝、節省工期

Easy installation, save time

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Traditional Method/傳統做法 1.Penetrating Formwork/範本穿孔 2.Transportation Issues/運輸麻煩 3.Lifting Issues/吊裝入位困難

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Rebars are bent due to improper lift/transport 吊裝運輸期間鋼筋易磕碰

Perforating formwork is always troublesome 範本開孔工序繁瑣

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Rebars protected

鋼筋不受幹擾

Efficient installation 施工便捷

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HBT Rebend Reinforcement

重彎折鋼筋 1.No holes in formwork

範本無須穿孔 2.Efficient Transportation

運輸效率高 3.Quick lifting 吊裝入位簡單

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Flash-butt-welded tension bars

受拉鋼筋採用閃光接觸對焊

Eligible for 80 mm and 120 mm

保溫層厚度採用80mm或120mm

Concrete steel 縱向鋼筋 Stainless blank steel with

fixing ring 不銹鋼鋼筋 End Cap端蓋

Compression shear bearing

(CSB) 承壓抗剪單元 made

of ultra-high strength

material 採用特殊高強材料 Casing for TB made of

plastic material

塑膠材質保護蓋

Mineral wool as

insulation against fire

and low temperature

填充岩棉:保溫+防火

Assembly 組成部分

Balcony Connections 陽臺保溫連接件

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• REI(F120) as Standard

可達到REI(F120)的標准防火

• No installation of lateral fire boards due to protection materials on all sides

全面防火，取消兩側防火板

• No confusion of elements with and without fire protection

不會混淆防火和非防火構件

No additional effort for REI120(F120) 實現防火功能不需額外投入 •

Fire protection of HIT-HP/SP MV 耐火性能

HIT Balcony Connections 陽臺保溫連接件

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APPLICATION EXAMPLES

COLUMN

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LIFTING/TRANSPORT ANCHOR SYSTEMS

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Lifting Anchor Systems 吊裝系統

TPA Systems 吊裝系統

HD Systems 吊裝系統

Spherical head anchor

KKT球形吊裝系統

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Lifting Anchor Systems 吊裝系統

Requirements for lifting anchor systems 吊裝系統技術要求

Safety factors (German regulations)

安全係數(德國標準)

Safety factor : > 4 (5)

安全係數

Safety factor : 4

安全係數

Safety factor : 4 安全係數

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HALFEN MATERIAL

Lifting in cold region 寒冷地區吊裝

Safety

• HALFEN have prooven their safety

and quality features in countless

projects worldwide

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Health & Safety Issues in Concrete Construction

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Dust and Noise at work

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CONCRETE PRE-CAST SYSTEMS

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CONCRETE PRE-CAST SYSTEMS

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CONCRETE PRE-CAST SYSTEMS

Construction site LTU-Arena

Düsseldorf

with various HALFEN parts

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CONCRETE PRE-CAST SYSTEMS

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SAFETY, RELIABILITY

and EFFICIENCY

SITE SAFETY WITH MONITORING

Application of Building Technology

for Controlling Risk at Source

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S T R U C T U R E S A F E T Y F R O M

Y O U R D E V I C E ?

GLOBAL THINKING

CERTAIN THINGS

ARE UNCERTAIN

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ACCIDENTS THAT COULD HAVE BEEN

AVOIDED

ACCIDENTS THAT COULD HAVE BEEN

AVOIDED • SHANGHAI 2011 - A SUBWAY RAIL

COLLAPSED DURING CONSTRUCTION

• – KILLS 4 PERSONS

• CHRISTCHURCH 2011 - A LAX RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STANDARDS CONTRIBUTED TO THE COLLAPSE

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• IN FEB 2014, IN SOUTH KOREA 10 STUDENTS WERE KILLED BUILDING

COLLAPSE AT COLLEGE RETREAT

GOALS:

Foresee risks related to structures.

Enforce safety of users.

Sustain the structures and its

environment

PREVENTION DOUBTS EMERGENCIES

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WHY MONITORING ?

WHY PREVENTION ?

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ALL ABOUT ?

- SHM integrated into the normal lifespan of a building

- Innovative design

- Neighbouring works

- Restructuration works

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NORMAL LIFESPAN OF BUILDINGS:

BANK OFFICE BUILDINGS, PARIS

Context Important French Bank owning a very large real estate asset

Structure Several high-rise buildings, highest being 167 m. 230 000 m²

Risks Apparition and evolution of hidden phenomena

Instrumentation - 54 Autonomous Optical Strands

Results Safe availability of commercial area Control of maintenance works

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INNOVATIVE DESIGN:

LOUIS VUITTON FOUNDATION, PARIS

Context Modern Art Museum with atypical structure designed by Frank Gehry

Structure 35 m high concrete tower. At its top, cantilevers beams hanging a 350-ton metallic structure

Risks Excessive deformations of the cantilever beams

Instrumentation - 12 Optical Strands - 2 inclinometers - 1 V5 Station

Results Loads brought by the metallic structure give deformations in line with calculations

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Context A new building is being built in this lot. The construction work include sheet piling along partition walls and excavations. Partition walls are reinforced by metallic truss beams and props.

Structure 6 storey building Over 55 years old

Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during construction work.

Instrumentation - 10 LIRIS Autonomous Optical Strands

Results Static and dynamic deformations show stability for one partition wall. The LIRIS on the other wall. On the street side, records compression, which are countered by injections and transverse beams.

NEIGHBOURING WORKS: EXCAVATIONS

AGED BUILDING, HONG KONG

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NEIGHBOURING WORKS: TUNNEL

AREVA HIGH RISE BUILDING, PARIS

Context Construction of a new metro line Construction of a new building Renovation works

Structure Built in en 1974 Height: 184 m. 44 stories

Risks Effects of these works on the structural behaviour of the tower

Instrumentation - 13 LIRIS Autonomous Optical Strands

Results Preventive maintenance Confirmation at all time of the good structural health

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RESTRUCTURATION WORKS:

SAINT-LAZARE STATION, PARIS

Context Heavy restructuration works in the train station, which remains open to the public (500 000 users / day)

Structure 300-m long public lobby, in masonry. Historical Monument.

Risks Fissuration of the superstructure

Instrumentation - 43 Optical Strands - 2 accelerometers - 3 soundmeters - 1 Monitoring Station

Results Construction project without delay, and without risks to the public

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Context The Promenade is not accessible for vehicles, besides service circumstances, but is very much concentrated by pedestrians. It is also strongly strained by storm hulls. Beams are in a really bad state: Corrosion, concrete spalling, etc.

Structure Promenade built in 1982, serving as a touristic pedestrian avenue along the sea. 30 spans of 25 meter long. Deck supported by 4 PC concrete beams.

Risks The client wishes to evaluate the criticality state of observed damages, in order to foresee well-targeted and well-localized reparations.

Instrumentation - 4 Optical Strand sensor - 1 Monitoring Station - 4 temperature sensor

Results Static and dynamic loading tests have been operated, and were used to correlate deformations with specific loading cases. Kalmaegi Typhoon (Wind gust speed: 140 km/h) has come close to Hong Kong. It caused dynamic deformations, with amplitude of 0,100 mm and lightly irreversible.

RESTRUCTURATION WORKS: PROMENADE, AVENUE OF STARS, HONG KONG

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DAMAGES OF KNOWN CAUSES:

IN HOLLAND UNIVERSITY

Context Numerous damages, noticeably on expansion joints. Cause: Differential settlements

Structure Recent university. Metallic superstructure. RC infrastructure.

Risks Increase of damages, closure to students

Instrumentation 4 Optical Strands 4 Optical Extensometers

Results Control of the damage evolution. Design of repairing works in case of aggravation

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DAMAGES CAUSED BY DISASTER:

NEW YORK SEPTEMER 11 （９１１）

Context Commercial building wiped off the facade by attack

Structure RC structure

Risks Collapse

Instrumentation 20 Optical Strands

Results No need of demolish and repair Work was successful

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DAMAGES CAUSED BY FIRE:

CANEBIERE BUILDING, MARSEILLES

Context Commercial building totally damaged by a fire

Structure

RC structure. Used to be a cinema

Risks Collapse on technical team, coming for cleaning the site, and installing propping

Instrumentation 3 Optical Strands 1 inclinometer

Results Modification of work intervention for demolitions Safety for all teams on site

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CONTROLLED DEMOLISH CONGESTING AGED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, HONG KONG

Context Building is planned to demolish next to an aged residential building

Structure 4 storey building Over 40 years old

Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during demolition work.

Instrumentation - 3 Optical Strands - 1 V5 monitoring station - 1 Temperature sensor - 1 Vibration sensor

Results Client received a confirmation of the structure’s initial soundness through precise and reliable data.

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NEIGHBORING WORKS NEXT TO AGED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING,

HONG KONG

Context Adjacent buildings have been taken down and the building is standing alone, losing the structural support from adjacent buildings

Structure 5 storey building Over 30 years old

Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during adjacent construction work.

Instrumentation - 1 Optical Strands - 1 V5 monitoring station - 1 Temperature sensor - 1 Vibration sensor - 1 inclinometer - 1 Autonome LIRIS

Results 24/7 online real-time monitoring of this aged building assured the client that structure is safe , and the nearby demolition work has not given rise to any serious problem

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LOADING VERIFICATION / PROLONGING & SURING OF

CANTILEVER STRUCTURE BEHAVIOUR, HONG KONG

Context The cantilever structure showed signs of aging on the surface, with steel corrosion in particular.

Structure 2 blocks, 24 storey building & 21 stories each Over 40 years old

Risks The client concerned the cantilever structure stability and residence safety. They hope OSMOS could evaluate the condition of the ring cantilever corridor on each floor and point out the unstable one if there is any for further maintenance operation.

Instrumentation - 1 v5 monitoring station - 4 Optical Strand sensor - 1 LIRIS - 1 temperature sensor

Results load test shows stable and reversible behaviour on the cantilever. The deformation recorded also showed compression above the cantilever, and tension under, which indicates the bearing RC walls separating apartments also support the cantilevered slabs. This will explain the deformations recorded by the Optical Strands installed diagonally.

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30M HEIGHT POWER PLANT

CAPACITY VERIFYING - 3.2 TON, HONG KONG

Context H beam swinging / twisting and platform shaking were found during crane daily operation.

Structure 3 individual steel crane systems on H beams on a steel structure tower over 30 years old, which is non-destructible with access difficulties and risk

Risks Client hope to find the movement is due to H beam aging, over loaded or other reason like load oscillation, environment, as well as the main structures

Instrumentation - 1 LIRIS

Results Client could get reliable true data from LIRIS that represent global behaviour of the structure with cost-effective solution. Also easy management decision could be made by client based on the data and more focusing on the later on primary structure checking up.

WE FOCUS ON EARLY INFORMATON

STRESS VARIATION EARLY INFORMATION

Before Event,

During Event,

After Event,

FULL Evolution &

ANTICIPATION POSSIBLE !!!

MOVEMENT STRESS IS EXCEEDED,

COULD BE TOO LATE……

DEFORMATION IT IS MOVED, AND FAILED ALREADY.

WHAT THEN? 59

BENEFITS OF MONITORING BUILDINGS

Detects disorders at their birth Better used resources

Allows for corrective actions at

low price

No more emergency situation

constraints

Extends structure lifespan Managers comforted in their risk

policies

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FULLY AUTONOMOUS & WIRELESS

OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR

LIRIS ®

LIVE INDEPENDENT REMOTE INQUIRY SYSTEM

61

THANK YOU

LIRIS ®

62

Chapter_SSF_2016_Chapter 3-3 Transcription_ Simplified Chinese

萤幕盖字：

现在放映的是 2016 年 7 月 14 日

「2016 年工程和物业管理工地安全研讨会」的片段

台上的讲者是高维企业亚太区域经理简智良先生

他的讲题是「应用建筑科技控制风险源头」

主持:

今日的主题是

如何利用建筑技术

达到控制源头及工地的建筑风险

首先，我们已使用多年的预制方法

不单止可以减少钻孔、

烧焊等带来的危害

例如震动、嘈音、灰尘

火种、空气污染等等

要加以注意的是

预制方法其实亦有它的潜在风险

例如钢筋外露

变形、生锈、运输等等的问题

我们的设计可以用在各种地方

例如高处的地方

相对地安装简单及快捷

而预制技术亦证明可以从源头

带来安全、成本

及管理的效益

再加上预制的技术

可以抵受不同地方的荷载状况，例如在地震的区域

和有动态台风的区域都可使用

对于防御高温、火灾亦有很好的抵抗能力

有某些混凝土结构老化爆裂问题

预制比一般的连接方法更加安全

工友亦不用辛苦地在高空钻孔，即可以连接

亦可以安装临时的安全护栏

整洁安全

一些高空使用的案例有

购物商场、商厦、政府及公共的设施

设计方面

预制组件已经有完善的标准系统

例如外墙的安装预制件

有预制的外墙承托结构件

设计已经相当成熟

就算是室内结构

例如隔音楼梯和楼板

亦有创新的方法可以隐藏钢筋

或者解决一些吊装的困难

反之一些外露的钢筋令模板需要钻孔

工作亦都繁琐

洽当的方案可以减少施工的意外

检测亦都安全和容易

它可以内置更多的

例如隔热效能，防火的效能

或者建造一些称为「柱子群」的方法

亦有以上所说的好处

近年其实已经用在很多急速发展的地方

例如公屋的预制项目上

而我们的吊运配件安全系数不少于 4

选用材质方面亦都比较严苛

所以一直以来对风险都是零容忍

它没有触电、震动、灰尘

嘈音、污染等等这些问题

其实安全可以在设计方案上做起

一些完善的设计和施工方法

不单止可以减少流程

还可彻底改善工地环境和施工安全

第一部份到这里

而第二部份我会介绍一种有效的仪器

可以帮助用户预测结构的风险

提升风险管理

利用科技将「不确定」变为「可以预测」

意外虽然不断发生

但其实我们可以从源头开始去避免

一种理想的监测系统

可以提早预知风险

让我们可以作出戒备，远离风险

量化实时性及永久性的安全评估

其实我们对身边的建筑安全潜在风险

有多少理解及把握呢？

例如一些看似不危急

而实际建筑周期有多久

或一些复杂却不明的结构变化

邻近的地基施工之间的影响

加上地底施工对地面工程的影响

或是属于古迹的结构物、或者是变更用途的地方

或新设计等等、再或者是有危急性的

或者是灾难性的，例如火灾导致的结构问题

楼宇结构老化的问题

不知什么时候会恶化的沉降问题

公屋老化问题

或者有迫切性要找出结构负荷的原因

我们 Osmos 其实是利用与时并进的光纤技术

将结构还未测量出有移动变化之前

已经量度好力学的变化

因为我们的目标是要将移动的对象

在未发生变化前的参数

要预早预知出来

它并不代表结构是否安全

我们要利用科学量化风险

确切保障生命和结构的安全

提升物业的周期及成本效益是我们目标

下面我们播放片段

已经投入服务的

全天候自动无线光纤感应装置 LIRIS (Life Independent Remote Inquiry System)

已经开始为大家服务

请放映片段

萤幕盖字：

(OSMOS 结构的综合安全性)

(为未来提供真正的衡量标准) LIRIS by OSMOS

(灵活，易于使用)

(容易安装和使用)

(综合监测小型车站)

(无线技术)

(全独立)

(不依赖场地的电力)

(LIRIS 革命性的结构监测)

(18 个可检测的测量信息)

(系统)

(独立)

(远程)

(查询)

(系统) LIRIS by OSMOS

主持:

我介绍完毕

谢谢大家

萤幕盖字：

免责声明

本影片为工地安全研讨会 2016 而制作，影片内容包含一些意外及安全事故案例。

这些例子只是一些参考资料，香港房屋委员会、职业安全健康局、讲者和其它

支持机构声明不会保证它的完整和眞确性，亦不会为所提供资料不正确、内容

上的错误或遗漏，负上任何法律责任。由于个别工地在工作种类或工作环境上

均有所不同，承建商必须进行风险评估并实施有效的措施以确保妥善控制个别

工地特有的职安健风险。

萤幕盖字：

谢谢观看