GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

GERUNDS-FORM

GERUNDS-USE

• Collecting flowers is my hobby.

• I like collecting flowers.

1. As the subject or object of a sentence

2. After prepositions

• They are interested in studying archaeology.

• They dream of becoming archaeologists.

• They are crazy about discovering ancient cities.

• They are tired of digging in the sand.

Other expressions: good at/ bad at/ keen on/ bored with/ fed up with/ afraid of

like hate

dislike can’t stand

mind look forward to

enjoy prefer fancy

feel like

start stop

continue Begin finish quit

give up practise

remember forget avoid

can’t help

Examples

• I enjoy watching football on T.V.

• I hate travelling by coach.

• She started playing the guitar two years ago.

Examples

• He is trying to quit smoking.

• Do you remember building sandcastles when we were kids?

• We’re going shopping tomorrow.

Other: go shopping go swimming

go fishing go skiing

etc. • I go swimming twice a week.

• I’m used to getting up early in the morning.

FORM

see

hear

speak

to go

to play

to work

FORM

• Bare infinitive:

see, hear, speak

• Full infinitive: to play, to work, to go

FULL INFINITIVE - USE

1. After specific verbs such as:

want agree accept refuse reject invite

decide choose

plan learn hope

manage achieve promise

ask offer

Examples • When I grow up, I want to become

a musician.

• He offered me a cold beer but I refused to drink it.

• He invited me to go for dinner but I didn’t have the time.

Examples • It was raining heavily, so he

offered to drive me home.

• When they finish high school, they plan to go to university.

• After walking for many hours, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.

2. In the structure: It is + adj.+ full. inf.

• It’s nice to see you again. It was hard to say goodbye after the holidays.

It’s nice to It is hard to

It is difficult to It is easy to

etc.

3. In the structure: I am + adj. + full.inf.

I am sorry to I am surprised to I am pleased to

I am glad to I am happy to

I am amazed to I am delighted to

Examples • We were surprised to have

an unexpected guest in our house.

Oops! I’m sorry to hurt you!

4. too…to/ (not) enough…to

• This coffee is too hot to drink!

• She is too tired to keep working.

• He isn’t strong enough to lift that weight.

• She hasn’t got enough time to finish the test.

• He has got enough money to buy a new car.

BARE INFINITIVE - USE

• You mustn’t smoke in a hospital.

1. After the modal verbs: can, must, should etc.

• He can speak Spanish.

2. After the verbs let, make

THE END

Go to Round up. Read tables pp:106,107. Do

pp:107, 108, 109.