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Korean War Timeline• 1910-

– Korea annexed by Japan

• 1945- – Potsdam Korea divided

between USSR & USA– Russians arrive in Korea– USA arrive in Korea/Japan

surrender

• 1947– US began withdrawal form

Korea

• 1948– Democratic People's Republic

of Korea (NORTH/Communist)

– Republic of Korea (South/Dem)

• 1950– Stalin approves Southern invasion– North Korea invades South Korea– North pushes South to coast– MacArthur’s landing at Inchon– North pushed across 38th to Yalu

River– China enters the war.– US pushed to brink of defeat

• 1951– Stalemate at 38th Parallel

• 1953– Armistice signed (DMZ)– Treaty negotiators fail

• 1954– Treaty negotiators fail

(June, 1950)Communist North Koreainvades across the 38th parallel, attackingDemocratic South Korea

III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

Korean War (1950-1953):

U.N. troops defend South Korea•Push N. Korean army back across 38th parallel •MacArthur continues to push Communist out of N. Korea

III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

Stay away from

CHINA!!!!

• Nov 1950• 300,000 “Red Army”Communist Chinese enter war and push UN

forces back across 38th

III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

• MacArthur wants declare war and use A-Bomb on China

• Truman says NO!• MacArthur

criticizes Truman• Truman fires

MacArthur

• US pushes back:• Stalemate at 38th

parallel• July 1953 Sign

ArmisticeResults of Korean War:• 54,000 Americans

die• Millions of Dollars

spent• South Korea still

democratic• Korean War Brings

communism into Asia

The Vietnam War:The Vietnam War:an introductionan introduction

1945-19751945-1975

What do I know about Vietnam?

• Write down as many Write down as many things you know things you know about Vietnam and about Vietnam and America’s America’s involvement in involvement in Vietnam.Vietnam.

Where is VietnamWhere is Vietnam

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia• VietnamVietnam is in S.E. is in S.E. AsiaAsia

• Near Near – ChinaChina – Laos Laos – Thailand Thailand – CambodiaCambodia– MalaysiaMalaysia– BurmaBurma

• Remember the Remember the Domino Theory!!!!!Domino Theory!!!!!

Why Vietnam?Why Vietnam?• Fertile SoilFertile Soil• Many resourcesMany resources• FarmingFarming• FishingFishing• 83 million people 83 million people

Vietnam under Imperial Vietnam under Imperial ControlControl

• 111-1800111-1800 under China under China controlcontrol

• First to defeat the First to defeat the Mongols under Kublai Mongols under Kublai & Genghis Kahn& Genghis Kahn

• Mongols failed 3 Mongols failed 3 times to invade S.E. times to invade S.E. AsiaAsia

• Gained independence Gained independence from China in early from China in early 1800s1800s

French in VietnamFrench in Vietnam

• 1850’s to 19541850’s to 1954• Exploited Vietnam’s Exploited Vietnam’s

resourcesresources• Introduced Introduced

CatholicismCatholicism• Western EducationWestern Education• French cultural French cultural

diffusiondiffusion

Vietnam & imperialismVietnam & imperialism

• Strongly resisted Strongly resisted imperialism from:imperialism from:– ChinaChina– MongolsMongols– FrenchFrench– JapaneseJapanese

• Centuries fighting Centuries fighting guerrilla tactics in guerrilla tactics in Vietnamese JunglesVietnamese Jungles

• USA military & USA military & politicians did not politicians did not understand thisunderstand this

Vietnam & ColonialismVietnam & Colonialism

• WWI- 14 points WWI- 14 points Wilson promised Wilson promised to end to end ColonialismColonialism

• Ho Chi Minh-Ho Chi Minh- Went to Went to Versailles hoping Versailles hoping to get Vietnamese to get Vietnamese independence from independence from FranceFrance

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh• NationalitistNationalitist

– Wanted IndependenceWanted Independence– Pride in your Pride in your countrycountry

• Viet MinhViet Minh– Nationalist group Nationalist group founded by founded by Ho Chi Ho Chi MinhMinh

– Opposed French & Opposed French & JapaneseJapanese

Vietnam & wwiiVietnam & wwii• Controlled by the FrenchControlled by the French• Resisted French more as war grewResisted French more as war grew• French abandon colony to fight French abandon colony to fight

GermanyGermany• Invaded by Japan (expansion)Invaded by Japan (expansion)• USA trains USA trains Viet MinhViet Minh to fight Japan to fight Japan

End of WWIIEnd of WWII• Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh declares declares Vietnam independentVietnam independent

• Reads Declaration of Reads Declaration of IndependenceIndependence– Build relationship with Build relationship with USUS

• France reclaims their France reclaims their colonycolony

U.S. TornU.S. Torn• Back Vietnamese Back Vietnamese independence ?independence ?

• Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh likely likely to go Communistto go Communist

• Vietnamese Vietnamese independently are independently are weak and weak and susceptible to susceptible to CommunismCommunism

• Back French Back French colonialism ?colonialism ?

• Korea & China = easy to Korea & China = easy to go Communistgo Communist

• France stronger to France stronger to practice practice ContainmentContainment

• France can stop France can stop communism in W.Europecommunism in W.Europe

U.S.A backs FranceU.S.A backs France

French French vsvs. Viet Minh. Viet Minh1945-19541945-1954

• Viet MinhViet Minh fight fight for independence for independence

• 70% of war paid 70% of war paid for by USA.for by USA.

• USA sends experts USA sends experts to train Frenchto train French

• 1954 1954 Dien Bien PhuDien Bien Phu– Final defeat of the Final defeat of the FrenchFrench

– French surrender French surrender and lose all and lose all territory in S.E. territory in S.E. AsiaAsia

1954 Geneva conference1954 Geneva conference• Ended fighting betweenEnded fighting between

– FrFrench and Vietnameseench and Vietnamese

• Divided Vietnam @ 17th Divided Vietnam @ 17th parallel until French parallel until French leave. leave.

• DMZ=Demilitarized zoneDMZ=Demilitarized zone• Elections to decide on Elections to decide on type of Government.type of Government.

• Communist NorthCommunist North• Democratic SouthDemocratic South

USA dilemmaUSA dilemma

• If Vietnam goes If Vietnam goes CommunistCommunist– Failure of Failure of ContainmentContainment

– Domino TheoryDomino Theory– Fear of Fear of Communist Communist AllianceAlliance

• America America supportssupports– No unificationNo unification– Free Southern Free Southern VietnamVietnam

USA must USA must

protect pro west protect pro west

government of government of

South VietnamSouth Vietnam

South VietnamSouth Vietnam

• Nationalist & Nationalist & Anti-CommunistAnti-Communist

• Ngo Dinh DiemNgo Dinh Diem– Support from Support from Eisenhower, Eisenhower, Truman, & Truman, & KennedyKennedy

– Military and Military and Financial AidFinancial Aid

– Escalation of Escalation of TroopsTroops