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Drilling hazard mitigation

Weatherford’s Managed Pressure

Drilling (MPD) Services

Leverage Weatherford’s extensive portfolio of MPD equipment and

associated expertise to maximize control of your wellbore’s pressure

prole, mitigate multiple drilling hazards, and ultimately makeotherwise undrillable prospects drillable.

More Productive DrillingSM

mpletion

duction

vention

rilling

luation

Drilling-with-casing (DwC™) systems

Secure DrillingSM

services

- Air drilling

- Downhole tools

- Fluid systems

- Managed pressure drilling

- Pressure-control equipment

- Underbalanced drilling

Solid expandable systems

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Nearly half of all drilling hazards are related

to wellbore pressure. Weatherford’s MPD

services can help you beat the odds.

More technology. Recognizing the value of MPD

as a powerful drilling hazard mitigation technique, we

began amassing the essential tools of the trade more

than 40 years ago. Today our expansive portfolio of MPD

equipment the world’s largest ranges from rotating

control devices (RCDs) to a state-of-the-art Microux™

control system.

More expertise. Drawing on our collective MPD

experience and specialized training, our global team of

highly skilled MPD specialists lend critical expertise to

your drilling operations.

More real results. Since 1968, we have been

providing MPD support to clients for drilling operations

throughout the world. Among other benets, our

services have minimized nonproductive time and ended

detrimental kick/loss cycles. And in some cases, we have

made undrillable prospects drillable.

As the oileld services industry’s largest global

provider of MPD services, we offer more

technology, expertise and real results.

2 © 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

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Weatherford’s Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) Services

MPD = More Productive DrillingSM

An acronym for managed pressure drilling, MPD

could easily stand for “more productive drilling.”

Our MPD services can help you mitigate pressure-

related drilling hazards (such as kicks and uid loss),

maximize drilling efciency, and make otherwise

undrillable wells drillable. The technique entails the

use of specialized equipment to control the wellbore

pressure prole more precisely than allowed by

conventional drilling methods.

More than 40 percent of all drilling

hazards relate to wellbore pressure.

MPD presents a highly effective

means to mitigating such hazards.

© 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 3

J a m e s K

.

D o d s o n C

o m p a n y | e m

a i l @

i n f o g u l f .c o m

MPD benets include:

• Effectively mitigates drilling hazards, such as differential sticking,

uid loss, kicks, lost circulation and nuisance gas zones

• Optimizes rate of penetration (ROP) and prolongs bit life, cutting

the number of trips and reducing nonproductive time (NPT) to

enhance drilling efciency

• Reduces the number of casing strings relative to conventional

drilling techniques and in some cases, deepening casing set points

• Minimizes health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks

• Enables the drilling of otherwise undrillable wells

Kick9%

Shallow Water Flow

3%

Lost Circulation

13%

Sloughing Shale

3%

Stuck Pipe11%

Twist Off

3%

Nonpressurerelated events

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Dening MPD

MPD entails the use of an RCD, a choke-manifold system and other equipment to achieve

precise control of a wellbore’s pressure prole while drilling. Common MPD drilling

techniques include detection and management, constant bottomhole pressure (CBHP),

pressurized mud-cap drilling (PMCD), and dual gradient.

Managed pressure drilling:

An adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular pressure prole throughout the wellbore.

The objectives are to ascertain the downhole-pressure-environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic

pressure prole accordingly. It is the intention of MPD to avoid continuous inux of formation uids to the surface.

Any inux incidental to the operation will be safely contained using an appropriate process.

▪ MPD process employs a collection of tools and

techniques which may mitigate the risks and costsassociated with drilling wells that have narrow downhole

environmental limits, by proactively managing the

annular hydraulic pressure prole.

▪ MPD may include control of backpressure, uid density,

uid rheology, annular uid level, circulating friction, and

hole geometry, or combinations thereof.

▪ MPD may allow faster corrective action to deal with

observed pressure variations. The ability to dynamicallycontrol annular pressures facilitates drilling of what might

otherwise be economically unattainable prospects.

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) Underbalanced

Operations and Managed Pressure Drilling Committee

T r i p - t a n k

f i l l u p

Mud gas

separator

Trip

tank

Trip-tank

pump

Shale

shakers

Microflux™ control manifold

Main flowline

Rotating

control device

Gas to vent

Rig choke

manifold

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© 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.


5

Variant Detection and management

Objective Enhance wellsite safety when drilling with hazardous uids through unknown geopressure zones or in

formations with high concentrations of toxic gases, such as hydrogen sulde (H2S).

How it works Detection and management practices minimize the risk of well-control incidents when drilling with

hazardous uids or in formations with high concentrations of toxic gases—a risk exacerbated by a

narrow, pore-pressure/fracture-gradient window. These techniques incorporate the use of a closed-loop,

mud-return, handling system (as opposed to more conventional open-air systems) on the rig oor to

ensure that all annular uid returns are contained. Its key components include an RCD (positioned above

the blowout preventer), drillstring oats and a dedicated choke.

Variant Constant bottomhole pressure drilling

Objective Eliminate kick/loss cycles when a formation’s fracture gradient approximates its pore pressure—

a common scenario on deep wells.

How it works Achieved with an RCD and an additional control choke, CBHP drilling enables operators to maintain a

precise balance between pore pressure and fracture gradient—even when pumping stops—without the

use of heavier-than-optimal drilling uids. The capability to quickly change equivalent mud weight and

maintain optimal equivalent mud density ends problematic kick/loss cycles.

Variant Pressurized mud-cap drilling

Objective Minimize mud losses and associated NPT when drilling in highly depleted zones or formations

with large voids, such as caverns.

How it works Heavy, viscous mud is pumped down the annulus, where it acts as a cap on the well and keeps uids

from escaping. A second lightweight, ‘sacricial’ drilling uid, such as seawater, is used to continue

drilling. The lighter uid enhances drilling efciency. Also, PMCD techniques trap uid and cuttings

beneath the surface—eliminating the need to dispose of them, preventing dangerous gases from

reaching the wellsite, and, in many cases, helping to stabilize the formation.

Variant Dual-gradient drilling

Objective Reduce the risk of formation damage and related uid losses when drilling in deep formations with

low-fracture gradients, while eliminating the need to change mud density.

How it works Typically, a second light-weight uid (such as nitrogen) is injected into the annulus with a parasite string

or concentric casing (land), or a marine riser (offshore). As the light uid rises, it takes heavy mud with

it, reducing the total weight of the mud in the annular column. Ideally suited for deepwater drilling, this

technique tricks the wellbore into thinking the rig is closer than it is by removing some of the hydrostatic

head pressure that would otherwise result from heavy mud and cuttings in the annulus returns.

In addition to minimizing formation damage, dual-gradient drilling eliminates the need for frequent

mud-density adjustments, a more conventional technique that results in at t ime.

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More technology

Through acquisitions and experience-driven research and development, we have built

the largest MPD product selection in the oileld services industry. With such a breadth of

equipment and built-for-purpose systems, we are positioned to meet your MPD needs in

virtually any drilling conditions, onshore and offshore. Our MPD portfolio includes surface

and subsea RCDs, specialized drilling uids, and a revolutionary Microux™ control system

that enables real-time detection of minute downhole inuxes and losses.

Rotating control devices. Used in mud-

return systems to contain annular uids during

drilling operations, RCDs are key enablers of

MPD techniques. They make underbalanced,

near-balanced or overbalanced drilling possible

when facing an elevated risk of gas kicks. We

offer a broad selection of RCDs, many of which

have been engineered for specic conditions.

For example, we offer the built-for-purpose

SeaShield™ marine series for offshore drilling

environments, and the SafeShield™ land series

for virtually any onshore application.

DDV ® downhole deployment

valve. Our innovative DDV

system—a casing-deployed,

downhole-pressure, isolation

device—removes the need to place a

viscous plug and enables maximumtripping speeds without the risk of

swabbing. This process reduces

tripping times and greatly enhances

safety on MPD operations.

Advanced Microfux control

system. This revolutionary system

represents a major step change in MPD

technology. It enables the real-time

measurement and analysis of ow and

pressure data with an unprecedented

degree of precision, enabling rapid

detection—and consequently

minimization—of kick and uid loss on

MPD operations. The fully automatedsystem is driven by proprietary

algorithms, which enable precise

wellbore pressure prole management.

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7© 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.


7

Surface separation

equipment. MPD techniquesdo not invite an inux of

hydrocarbons, per se; however,

some operations may require

the use of surface-separation

equipment beyond a rig’s

existing capacity. We can

supply two- and four-phase

systems for both onshore and

offshore operations.

Drilling uids. The success

of an MPD operation is highly

contingent on the use of

appropriate drilling uids, the

applications of which include

maintaining wellbore stability,

minimizing corrosion and

effectively removing cuttings. We

offer a wide selection of drilling

uids and chemicals, as well as

compatible delivery systems.

Our portfolio includes specialized

uids suited for MPD operations in

a range of drilling environments.

Gateway™ wireline-

retrievable, nonreturn

valve. Our apper-style,

drill-oat valve is designed

to manage backpressure

in the drillstring on MPD

operations. Unlike a xed-

oat valve, the Gateway

valve can be changed out

or removed on wireline,

eliminating the need to

trip pipe, thus enhancing

operational efciency

and safety.

Nitrogen-generation and

compression equipment. We offer a wide selection of nitrogen-generation

and compression equipment, used on

MPD operations to lighten drilling mud

and annular uids.

Removing nitrogen

from air

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More expertise

We draw on decades of experience, extensive internal training and our

breadth of capabilities to provide you with the value-added expertise so

critical to the success of your MPD operations.

Planning for success

We use a basic, three-step process to develop and implement

MPD strategies that fulll client objectives:

Evaluate. Drawing on multiple resources, including our SURE™well candidate selection software, we develop a thorough

understanding of your reservoir and your objectives.

Engineer. Using data we obtained during the evaluation phase,

we work with you to develop a comprehensive strategy, which

includes the MPD techniques and equipment to be used. This

up-front planning is critical to the success of your MPD operation.

Execute. We provide wellsite support throughout your MPD

operation. We can also leverage our vast network of subject

matter experts in other disciplines, as needed.

1968

Added rotating control

device—a key MPD

enabler—to product portfolio

Weatherford MPD Milestones

1998

Began expanding selection

of MPD equipment through

acquisition and internal

development and providingMPD support services

1999

Developed DDV® downhole

deployment valve

2000

Launched a QHSE

management system

designed explicitly for MPD

and related services

2003

Launched SURE well

candidate selection software

and process, used to assess

reservoir suitability for MPDand related services

One element of the evaluation phase may include our SURE™ well candidate selection

process. This proprietary software package helps quantify the benets of using MPD

techniques on a given well. The comprehensive application can also be used to evaluatethe merits of similar drilling methods, such as underbalanced and air drilling.

00

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

26000

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Conventional

MPD

ConventionalCumulative Days:143.938 to 27000 ft

MPD Cumulative Days:117.550 to 27000 ft

Offshore Deep-Gas Project

Days vs. Depth

Cost Distribution

25

Mean = 38M USD Mean = 47M USD

30 35 40 45 50

MPD

Cost

OBD

Cost

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9

2004

Applied MPD techniques

in marine environment for

rst time

2007

Debuted revolutionary

Microux™ control technology,

which enables real-time

identication of minutedownhole inuxes and losses

2008

Deployed marine-series

RCD for rst time

2009

Employed marine-series

RCDs on oating rig for

rst time

2010

Received industry’s rst

API 16RCD certication

for RCDs

Building a knowledge base

With years of MPD experience, we bring valuable lessons from

previous jobs to each new operation. A robust performance

tracking system helps us identify best practices. Our eld ex-

perience has heavily inuenced our MPD product-development

focus on built-for-purpose systems.

Combining depth and breadth

Weatherford combines depth of MPD expertise with a breadth

of capabilities that spans the life cycle of a well—drilling, evalu-ation, completion, production and intervention. Positioned to

provide holistic solutions to your operational challenges, we

routinely engage subject matter experts in a range of comple-

mentary disciplines on MPD operations.

Cultivating expertise through training

We provide our MPD specialists with extensive training to

complement their eld experience and to ensure that they are

well versed on our products and services, as well as the latest

MPD and drilling hazard mitigation techniques. We also use a

competence assurance program to evaluate the skills of our MPD specialists on a routine basis. Our global network of train-

ing facilities includes dedicated MPD training centers that are

equipped to simulate eld environments.

Enabling third-party operators and rig contractors

As a major oileld services provider, we have adopted a highly

collaborative approach to doing business. In line with that

philosophy, we offer specialized MPD training to third-party

operators and rig contractors. We can provide the training—

which covers MPD techniques, as well as proper use of our

equipment—at client sites or at one of our facilities.

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Offshore India: CBHP

drilling helps reduce

NPT in HP/HT Well

NPT related to downhole

problems was reduced to

one day, compared to an

average of 10 days for each

of three previous wells in the

eld. In addition, uid losses

were minimized to 290 bbl

of synthetic oil-based mud,

compared to previous losses

of up to 4,000 bbl.

Egypt: Our advanced

Microux™ control

technology enables

drilling of previously

undrillable well

The combined use of our

advanced Microfux control

system and an operator’s

near-balanced drilling system

ended detrimental kick/loss

cycles to enable the drilling of

an exploratory HP/HT well to

TD. Eight previous attempts to

drill the well had failed.

Peru: MPD techniques

mitigate circulation

losses, reduce drilling

costs on remote wells

The section was drilled

in seven days—two days

faster than planned—saving

the operator more than

US$400,000 per well. The use

of a two-phased drilling system

helped maintain strict control of

bottomhole pressure, thereby

minimizing uid losses and the

risk of hole instability.

Mexico: MPD techniques

enable operator to reach

TD, reduce uid losses

Our MPD techniques enabled

an operator to overcome well-

control issues experienced

in previous operations—gas

inux, stuck pipe, uid

losses—and consequently

to reach TD safely on an

onshore, horizontal well.

MPD also made drilling near

the pore pressure possible,

minimizing formation damage.

More real results

Since 1998, we have provided MPD support on operations

in countries throughout the world. Examples of our

Real Results showcase our success.

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© 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 11

Indonesia: PMCD and

DDV ® tool enable drilling

of big-bore gas wells

Our PMCD-variant MPD and

DDV tool enabled an operator

to drill 300 MMscf/d. Use

of the DDV tool eliminated

the need for killing the well

before setting the completion

string. Use of a PMCD

system reduced consumption

of lost-circulation material.

These measures contributed

signicantly to minimizing

formation damage and

preserving reservoir potential.

Vietnam: CBHP drilling

enables drilling of record-

setting well

We used CBHP drilling to

mitigate severe-brine-drilling,

uid losses on a development

well in a pressurized, fractured-

basement reservoir where

losses and kicks are common.

At a depth of 21,411 ft

(6,526 m), the resulting well

was the country’s longest

basement well to date.

Secure DrillingSM

services:

A better way to drill

MPD is part of an expanded range of Secure Drilling

services that we offer to minimize the risk of drilling

hazards related to a wellbore’s pressure prole, and

ultimately, to optimize life-of-well performance. Our

Secure Drilling services encompass:

Personnel and asset protection. The use of RCDs

to protect wellsite personnel and rig equipment is a

cornerstone of our Secure Drilling methodology.

Detection and management. We use advanced

identication and control systems to rapidly detect

kick and uid loss, and manage the wellbore

pressure prole during drilling operations.

Reservoir evaluation. We draw on our extensive

evaluation capabilities to obtain pertinent reservoir

data—such as pore pressure, fracture gradient,

hydrocarbon composition—that drive drilling and

completion decisions.

Performance optimization. Leveraging reservoir

data and other resources, we design and implement

strategies to optimize life-of-well performance.

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weatherford.com

Weatherford products and services are subject to the Company’s standard terms and conditions, available on request or at weatherford.com. For more information contact an authorized Weatherford representative. Unless notedotherwise, trademarks and service marks herein are the property of Weatherford. Specications are subject to change without notice. Weatherford sells its products and services in accordance with the terms and conditions setforth in the applicable contract between Weatherford and the client.

© 2005-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 3246.04


Weatherford’s MPD services are an integral component of our drilling hazard mitigation (DHM)

portfolio. To learn more about our phased approach to DHM— explore, engineer, execute—or

how our MPD services can help you maximize control of your wellbore’s pressure prole,

mitigate multiple drilling hazards and ultimately make otherwise undrillable prospects drillable,

contact an authorized Weatherford representative or visit weatherford.com/MPD.

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