GHG Inventory Issues and Concerns

(Fuel combustion)

Jose Ramon T. Villarin

Shanghai, China

8 Feb 2005

Outline

• Status of energy GHG emissions

• Issues and recommendations

• Challenges

Status of Energy GHG emissions

• Submission in 1NC

• Key sources

Issues and Recommendations

• Localization– Emission factors (e.g. coal and other fuel

types)– Technologies (e.g. alternative fuels)

• Study local fuel types and technologies (e.g. fuel composition) and develop local emission factors.

Issues and Recommendations

• Institutionalization of the Overall Energy Balance (OEB) Sheet

• OEB adapted in such a way that it will contain all the information necessary for the computation of GHG emissions in the energy sector.

Issues and Recommendations

• Data readily available from DOE but are highly variable due to continuous updates in fuel consumption and allocations.

• Regularize submission schedules; rationalize data submission protocols especially from oil companies and private sector to various gov agencies

Issues and Recommendations

• Incomplete database on household consumption of biomass fuels such as wood/woodwaste, charcoal, agriwaste and other biomass/waste.– Only basis is 1989 and projections made for 1995

and 2000, from UNDP-ESMAP study. DOE’s Household Energy Consumption Study (HECS) commenced only in 1995.

• Institutionalize/regularize surveys and studies on household fuel consumption (e.g. biomass and conventional fuels)

Issues and Recommendations

• Major data gaps in the transportation subsector– Need to update VECP EFs for new vehicles and fuel

types– Type and technology of registered vehicles– Number of kilometers traveled per year– CO2 in emissions testing, MVIS

• Institutionalize comprehensive registration process containing all the necessary and important information for each registered vehicle in every LTO registration branch.

Issues and Recommendations

• Institutionalization of data flow and information systems within DOE

• Develop structured linkages within the DOE specifically with the Demand Analysis and Planning Division (DAPD), main data center of the department, and the Environment Division which computes and projects national CO2 emissions from the energy

sector.

Energy inventory challenges

• Power reform (entry of private sector)

• Natural gas, biofuels

• QA/QC

• Uncertainty analysis

• Level of aggregation (geographic too)

Thank you.

Happy New Year of the Rooster!

1994 Total GHG Emissions (non-LUCF)

Waste7%

Agriculture33%

Industry11%

Energy49%

SECTOR CO2 Emissions (Gg)

Energy 50,038Industry 10,603Agriculture 33,130Waste 7,094

TOTAL 100,864

Energy Sector

Fugitive Emissions

0%

Others7%

Energy Industries

27%

Commercial1%Transport

30%

Agriculture1%

Residential10%Industries

24%

Sub Sector CO2 Emissions(Gg)

Power Generation 15,508Residential 4,359Industries 9,497Agriculture 1,189Transport 15,888Commercial 3,370Fugitive Emissions 227

TOTAL 50,038

Philippine Energy Mix (1994)

Hydro19%

Geothermal21%

Fuel Oil25%

Diesel31%

Coal4%

New fuel type: natural gas

Reference vs sectoral approaches

• Reference (top-down): 49,999.51 kt CO2

• Sectoral (bottom-up) = 47,335.37 kt CO2

• Difference: 2,665 kt CO2

Tier 1: Level Assessment

A B C D E

IPCC Source Categories aDirect Greenhouse Gas

Base Year Estimate, 1994 (Gg CO2 Equiv)

Level

Assessment b

Cumulative Total of Column

D

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CO2 15,800.63 0.15 0.15

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CO2 15,458.02 0.15 0.30

CH4 Emissions from Rice Production CH4 13,364.30 0.13 0.43

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CO2 8,980.12 0.09 0.52

Direct N2O Emissions from Agricultural Soils N2O 6,603.00 0.06 0.58

CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites CH4 6,357.30 0.06 0.65

CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock CH4 5,447.97 0.05 0.70

CO2 Emissions from Cement Production CO2 4,771.04 0.05 0.74

CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry CO2 4,333.92 0.04 0.79

N2O Emissions from Manure Management N2O 3,494.32 0.03 0.82

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CO2 3,367.66 0.03 0.85

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CO2 2,544.30 0.02 0.88

Indirect N2O Emissions from Nitrogen used in Agriculture N2O 2,061.50 0.02 0.90

Emissions from Wastewater Handling CH4 1,886.97 0.02 0.92

CH4 Emissions from Manure Management CH4 1,554.92 0.02 0.93

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CH4 1,529.50 0.01 0.95

Source Category Analysis (Summary)

A B C D E

IPCC Source CategoriesDirect Greenhouse Gas

Key Source Category Flag

Id Column C is Yes, Criteria for Identification

Comments

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CO2 Yes Level

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CO2 Yes Level, Trend

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CO2 Yes Level, Trend

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture CO2 Yes Trend

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CO2 Yes Level, Trend

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CO2 Yes Level, Trend

Fugitive Emissions from Coal Mining and Handling CH4 No

Fugitive Emissions from Oil and Gas Activities CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CH4 Yes Level, Trend

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CH4 No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries N2O No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential N2O No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing N2O No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture N2O No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation N2O No

Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial N2O No

CO2 Emissions from Cement Production CO2 Yes Level, Trend

CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry CO2 Yes Level, Trend

CO2 Emissions from Chemical Production CO2 NoEmissions from substitutes of Ozone Depleting Substances several No

Quantitative Methods Used: Tier 1

ENERGY Sector

INDUSTRIAL Sector

Local Fuel Type IPCC Equivalent Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)

Coal Sub Bituminous Coal 26.2 Crude Oil Crude Oil 20.0 Premium Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Regular Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Unleaded Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Kerosene Other Kerosene 19.6 Diesel Gas/Diesel Oil 20.2 Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil 21.1 LPG LPG 17.2 Avturbo Jet Kerosene 21.1 Naptha Naptha 20.0 Asphalt Bitumen 22.0 Avgas Other Oil 20.0 Lube/Grease Lubricants 20.0

Local and IPCC fuel types

FUELS

Coal Crude Premium Regular Kerosene Diesel Fuel Oil

Conversion Factors 0.00048 0.1344 0.1245 0.1223 0.127 0.1347 0.1444Indigenous Production 695.60 256.38Imports (+) 534.35 11,884.58 378.80 83.48 1,976.35 1,069.05Exports (-) -176.50 0.00 -23.82 -47.65Marine Bunkers (-) 0.00 -30.65 -62.00Stock Change (+/-) 24.64 -149.16 11.45 6.60 5.92 142.54 53.40PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY 1,254.59 11,815.30 390.25 -17.21 89.40 2,088.24 1,012.79 Refinery -11,780.61 1,069.97 437.06 497.29 3,547.76 4,271.64 Power Generation 0.00 Fuel Input (-) -603.35 -1,476.69 -2,660.06 Electricity Gen.( GWh) 0.65 1,259.04 1,094.84 Gas Manufacture Transmission/Dist. Loss (-) Energy Sector Use & Loss (-) -438.40NET DOMESTIC SUPPLY 651.89 -403.72 1,460.23 419.85 586.70 4,159.30 2,624.37 Statistical Difference -135.39 -403.72 31.19 -20.58 42.75 -37.50 386.13NET DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION 787.28 0.00 1,429.04 440.43 543.95 4,196.80 2,238.24 Industry 639.66 29.00 439.39 1,560.84 Manufacturing Beverages 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tobacco 0.00 3.34 13.41 Coco/Vegetable Oil 0.01 9.26 91.35 Sugar 2.87 0.01 35.92 86.58 Other Food Processing 1.25 59.21 254.02 Textile/Apparel 1.21 5.98 146.37 Wood Prod/Furniture 0.03 33.66 12.57 Paper Prod/ Printing 0.05 1.61 171.33 Chemicals Except Fertilizer 8.56 15.65 17.32 61.39 Fertilizer 5.72 0.00 1.48 17.44 Rubber/Rubber Prod 0.13 2.25 27.53 Glass/Glass Products 0.03 10.99 74.86 Cement 614.22 0.01 15.11 226.24 Lube Refining 0.15 83.08 82.69 Other Non-Metallic Minerals 5.23 4.98 18.35 Basic Metal 8.29 3.85 19.40 144.08 Machinery/ Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mining 0.00 55.65 119.06

Construction 1.38 80.17 13.57 Transport 1,429.04 338.87 2.93 2,997.01 283.82 Railway Road Transport 1,429.04 338.34 1.72 2,886.93 5.68 Water Transport 0.54 1.21 110.08 278.13 Air Transport Residential 6.08 469.90 15.38 Commercial 18.46 39.52 437.44 390.02 Agriculture 77.01 2.59 307.58 3.56 Others, Non-Energy Use 147.62

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Ove

ral l

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

She

et

Ove

ral l

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

She

et

FUELS

Conversion FactorsIndigenous ProductionImports (+)Exports (-)Marine Bunkers (-)Stock Change (+/-)PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY Refinery Power Generation Fuel Input (-) Electricity Gen.( GWh) Gas Manufacture Transmission/Dist. Loss (-) Energy Sector Use & Loss (-)NET DOMESTIC SUPPLY Statistical DifferenceNET DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION Industry Manufacturing Beverages Tobacco Coco/Vegetable Oil Sugar Other Food Processing Textile/Apparel Wood Prod/Furniture Paper Prod/ Printing Chemicals Except Fertilizer Fertilizer Rubber/Rubber Prod Glass/Glass Products Cement Lube Refining Other Non-Metallic Minerals Basic Metal Machinery/ Equipment Mining

Construction Transport Railway Road Transport Water Transport Air Transport Residential Commercial Agriculture Others, Non-Energy Use

LPG AVTurbo Naphtha Asphalt AVGas Others

0.0922 0.127 0.1238 0.1521 0.1224 0.1412

397.83 30.04 2.89 17.44-548.85

-450.93 -0.17-7.70 8.52 3.22 0.98 16.72

390.14 -420.89 -540.33 3.22 3.87 33.99258.68 552.66 540.25 34.59 0.00 90.25

-0.12 -1.75 0.00 0.00 -6.85

648.81 131.65 -1.83 37.81 3.87 117.38-8.70 -50.57 -0.08 2.33 -2.51 -72.14

657.51 182.22 -1.75 35.49 6.38 189.536.96 0.00

0.00 0.000.08 0.000.00 0.010.00 0.003.00 0.000.51 0.000.00 0.000.19 0.020.01 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.001.02 0.002.15 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.01

0.00 0.000.00 182.22 0.00 6.38

182.22 6.38419.79230.76 0.00

35.49 189.53

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Energy Data Flow Diagram