GIS and Geologic Mapping Part 1 of 2 Tools and methods to get started using GIS as a base for geologic mapping USGS Astrogeology

GIS and Geologic MappingGIS and Geologic MappingPart 1 of 2Part 1 of 2

Tools and methods to get started using Tools and methods to get started using GIS as a base for geologic mapping GIS as a base for geologic mapping

USGS AstrogeologyUSGS Astrogeology

Oct. 2005Oct. 2005 GIS-based Mapping Part 1 (v.2)GIS-based Mapping Part 1 (v.2) 22

GIS-based MappingGIS-based Mapping

Though this presentation is geared toward Though this presentation is geared toward geologic mappers, the information is geologic mappers, the information is relevant to all GIS usersrelevant to all GIS users

Screen-shots are likely to differ from Screen-shots are likely to differ from individual viewsindividual views

GIS skills are developed through software GIS skills are developed through software interaction … be patient and try new things!interaction … be patient and try new things!

Tip icon will point out helpful hints throughout the presentationTip icon will point out helpful hints throughout the presentation


An important note.An important note. USGS Astrogeology primarily uses only one “brand” of GIS (ESRI’s USGS Astrogeology primarily uses only one “brand” of GIS (ESRI’s

ArcMap)ArcMap) Other brands exist, both free and commercialOther brands exist, both free and commercial ““Free”Free”

– Quantum GIS Quantum GIS (qgis.org/)(qgis.org/)– UDIG UDIG (udig.refractions.net/confluence/display/UDIG/Home)(udig.refractions.net/confluence/display/UDIG/Home)– Open EV Open EV (openev.sourceforge.net/)(openev.sourceforge.net/)– JUMP JUMP (jump-project.org/)(jump-project.org/)– GRASS GRASS (grass.itc.it/)(grass.itc.it/)

CommercialCommercial– TNTmips TNTmips (www.microimages.com/)(www.microimages.com/) – ER Mapper ER Mapper (www.ermapper.com)(www.ermapper.com)– PCI GeoMatica PCI GeoMatica (www.pcigeomatics.com(www.pcigeomatics.com))– Global Mapper Global Mapper (www.globalmapper.com)(www.globalmapper.com)– Integraph Integraph (www.intergraph.com)(www.intergraph.com)


GIS Support NodesGIS Support Nodes

ESRI online portal to technical informationESRI online portal to technical information– http://support.esri.comhttp://support.esri.com

ESRI ArcScriptsESRI ArcScripts– http://arcscripts.esri.com/http://arcscripts.esri.com/

ESRI Educational ServicesESRI Educational Services– Instructor-led trainingInstructor-led training– Virtual Campus coursesVirtual Campus courses– Web workshopsWeb workshops


GIS Support NodesGIS Support Nodes

Planet-specific information Planet-specific information ((e.g.e.g., data, discussion, , data, discussion, tutorials)tutorials)

– http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/

USGS discussion board (login required)USGS discussion board (login required)– http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/

index.php?c=9index.php?c=9

“Plugging keywords into a internet search engine is a great way to search for GIS-related assistance!”


Part 1 IntroductionPart 1 Introduction“Just get me started…”“Just get me started…”

Introduce ArcMap & ArcCatalog interfacesIntroduce ArcMap & ArcCatalog interfaces Create a geodatabase (GDB)Create a geodatabase (GDB) Add project-specific Add project-specific attribute domainsattribute domains Build a Feature Dataset and add three Build a Feature Dataset and add three

Features (contacts, structures, units)Features (contacts, structures, units) Import map bases (raster data)Import map bases (raster data) Edit the Features by adding lines and points Edit the Features by adding lines and points

(vector data)(vector data)


GIS-based MappingGIS-based Mapping

This presentation geared to planetary This presentation geared to planetary mappers…Information is relevant to all GIS mappers…Information is relevant to all GIS usersusers

Screen-shots may differ from individual Screen-shots may differ from individual viewsviews

GIS skills are developed through software GIS skills are developed through software interaction … be patient and try new things!interaction … be patient and try new things!

Tip icon will point out helpful hints throughout the presentationTip icon will point out helpful hints throughout the presentation


GIS - “The horror…the horror….”GIS - “The horror…the horror….”

Organization!!Organization!! Multi-layer displayMulti-layer display Digitize and edit on-the-flyDigitize and edit on-the-fly ““Easily” generate layouts/figures (Adobe Illustrator Easily” generate layouts/figures (Adobe Illustrator

compatible)compatible) Raster and vector analysisRaster and vector analysis

– Crater countsCrater counts– Spectral statistics for mapped unitsSpectral statistics for mapped units– Endless possibilitiesEndless possibilities

Editing is a “snap”Editing is a “snap”– Set rules for validating dataSet rules for validating data– Easily edit/modify existing lineworkEasily edit/modify existing linework


ArcCatalog – your friendArcCatalog – your friend

Separate entity from ArcMapSeparate entity from ArcMap Acts similarly to WindowsExplorerActs similarly to WindowsExplorer

– Create new fileCreate new file– Add/Delete folders or files (if unlocked)Add/Delete folders or files (if unlocked)– Good operating environment for ArcToolBoxGood operating environment for ArcToolBox– Almost always running in backgroundAlmost always running in background– ArcMap is opened and closed routinelyArcMap is opened and closed routinely




What is this “geodatabase” you What is this “geodatabase” you speak of…?speak of…?

Microsoft Access database (4GB maximum)Microsoft Access database (4GB maximum) Contains diverse spatial informationContains diverse spatial information

– Vector, raster, tablesVector, raster, tables– Topology, toolboxes, domainsTopology, toolboxes, domains

Easily transferable to colleaguesEasily transferable to colleagues Easily organized and managedEasily organized and managed StableStable




Geodatabase – General Info TabGeodatabase – General Info Tab


Geodatabase – Domains Info TabGeodatabase – Domains Info Tab

“There is a difference between an attribute domain (described above) and a spatial domain (described later). Use the Arc Help search to see if you can distinguish this important difference”






Generate Feature ClassesGenerate Feature Classes

Geodatabase setGeodatabase set Domains setDomains set

– ContactsContacts– StructureStructure– Temporary unit namesTemporary unit names

Next…Create a group of affiliated spatial Next…Create a group of affiliated spatial information…a dataset of information…a dataset of features(shapefiles)features(shapefiles)




DomainsDomains

There is a critical difference between There is a critical difference between attribute domainsattribute domains and and spatial domainsspatial domains– Attribute domains are characteristics of a GDB Attribute domains are characteristics of a GDB

that are applied directly to featuresthat are applied directly to features– Spatial domains are characteristics of Feature Spatial domains are characteristics of Feature

Datasets that control (1) the spatial extent that Datasets that control (1) the spatial extent that the user can operate in and (2) the precision of the user can operate in and (2) the precision of the user’s datathe user’s data“Refer to Part 2 for a detailed description and utility or spatial (X/Y) domains”




Add “TYPE”Specify “Text”

(vs. number, etc.)

Specify DOMAIN

Specify Geometry


Three feature classes usingthree specified domains


Generate new ArcMap projectGenerate new ArcMap project

Good to have multiple projectsGood to have multiple projects Easily transferable to colleagues with GDBEasily transferable to colleagues with GDB Organizational preferences aboundOrganizational preferences abound Start ArcMap Start ArcMap Select: Select:

– New empty mapNew empty map– A templateA template– An existing mapAn existing map



Set Projection in ArcMap Data Set Projection in ArcMap Data FrameFrame

Right-click “Layers” Right-click “Layers” Properties Properties Select appropriate geographic or projected Select appropriate geographic or projected

data framedata frame If feature data is already added, ArcMap If feature data is already added, ArcMap

may set automatically (may set automatically (BewareBeware))


Add Features to ArcMapAdd Features to ArcMap

Drag and drop from ArcCatalog Drag and drop from ArcCatalog

<or><or> Use from toolbar and navigate to GDBUse from toolbar and navigate to GDB Select single or multiple:Select single or multiple:

– FeaturesFeatures– Rasters (images or girds)Rasters (images or girds)– ShapefilesShapefiles



Add Raster InformationAdd Raster Information

Good to organize pertinent project raster Good to organize pertinent project raster datadata

Raster data is added similarly to Feature Raster data is added similarly to Feature ClassesClasses

Raster may be Tiff, GeoTiff, Jpg, GeoJpg, Raster may be Tiff, GeoTiff, Jpg, GeoJpg, ERDAS IMG, GRD, etc…..ERDAS IMG, GRD, etc…..

Raster may exist in GDB if collectively GDB Raster may exist in GDB if collectively GDB <4GB.<4GB.– Strengths and weaknesses to raster info in GDBStrengths and weaknesses to raster info in GDB



Editing Feature Classes in Editing Feature Classes in ArcEditorArcEditor

Ensure that ArcEditor is functional:Ensure that ArcEditor is functional:– Right-click empty ToolBar and select “Editor”Right-click empty ToolBar and select “Editor”

<or><or>– Tools Tools Customize Customize Editor (check) Editor (check)

Dock ArcEditor ToolBar onto ArcMap projectDock ArcEditor ToolBar onto ArcMap project

“You can grab any toolbar using its handle along the left side (see arrow) and move it where you want. Customize your Arc project!!”



Start EditingStart Editing

Under Editor, select “Start Editing” from Under Editor, select “Start Editing” from drop-down menudrop-down menu

Identify the layer you want to edit with the Identify the layer you want to edit with the “TARGET” drop-down menu“TARGET” drop-down menu

“If you have feature in your project that reside in several different locations on your hard drive, you may have to navigate to that location in the TARGET drop-down menu.”


Select “Start Editing”


Click, click, click…

Streaming (F8)…



Select all/some

Attributesimultaneously


Digitize, digitize, digitize…Digitize, digitize, digitize…

Tricks:Tricks:– Editor Editor Snapping Snapping

Will allow linework to snap to ends or verticesWill allow linework to snap to ends or vertices

– Hit F8 for streaming…hit F8 again for single clickHit F8 for streaming…hit F8 again for single click– F2 stopsF2 stops– You can Pan while digitizingYou can Pan while digitizing– Attribute while you digitizeAttribute while you digitize

Use domainsUse domains Use hand-enteredUse hand-entered


Changing Legend CharacterChanging Legend Character

Allows personalized use of legend attributesAllows personalized use of legend attributes– Contacts = solid linesContacts = solid lines– Approximate = dashedApproximate = dashed– Etc…Etc…

Can save out a layer file (*.lyr) for use in Can save out a layer file (*.lyr) for use in other projects.other projects.


Double-click feature in Data Frameto bring up Layer Properties


Symbology Symbology Categories Categories Add All Values Add All Values


Re-order Symbols

Double-click SymbolTo change line weight, etc…


Change Editing Target to Units (vector pointsChange Editing Target to Units (vector points))


Digitize and attribute each mapped unit.Digitize and attribute each mapped unit.


Attributed Units and Contacts


SummarySummary

ArcCatalog utility vs. ArcMap utilityArcCatalog utility vs. ArcMap utility Opening a new ArcMap projectOpening a new ArcMap project Building a new geodatabaseBuilding a new geodatabase Creating feature datasets and feature Creating feature datasets and feature

classesclasses Adding Domains for attributionAdding Domains for attribution Importing images and gridsImporting images and grids


Summary, cont’dSummary, cont’d

Adding and starting ArcEditorAdding and starting ArcEditor Digitizing – click-click and streaming (F8)Digitizing – click-click and streaming (F8) Attributing digitized information using Attributing digitized information using

domainsdomains Attributing digitized information using hand-Attributing digitized information using hand-

entered dataentered data Creating custom legendsCreating custom legends


Part 2 PreviewPart 2 Preview

Cleaning dataCleaning data Exploring ArcToolboxExploring ArcToolbox Building polygonsBuilding polygons Queryong dataQueryong data Calculating spatial statisticsCalculating spatial statistics

Documents

GIS and Geologic Mapping Part 1 of 2 Tools and methods to get started using GIS as a base for geologic mapping USGS Astrogeology