GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE:COLOMBIA

Presentation by: Agata Bobra-Klimek, Dave O’Donoghue, Craig Lemle, Ruchit Shah, Deepak Sharma,

Today’s Objectives:

• Introduce Country • Basic Country Facts• Road Transportation• Pipelines• Water• Airlines

Where is Colombia?

http://www.colombiajournal.org/colombiafacts.htm

The Republic of Colombia:Some History:

• 1819 General Simon Bolivar defeats royalist forces in the Battle of Boyaca on August 7 and the Republic of Colombia (also known as Gran Colombia) is proclaimed on December 17, consisting of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador

• 1819 Colombia gained its independence from SpainSimon Bolivar established Gran Colombia and

became the first Colombian president• 1830 Ecuador and Venezuela left Gran Colombia to

became totally independent

• 1853 Colombia adopted a constitution which abolished slavery

• 1899-1902 Civil War - The War of the Thousand Days took place

• 1903 Panama seceded from Colombia with US backing and allows US control over the strip of land now known as the Panama Canal zone

• 1922 The United States paid Colombia $25 million for the loss of Panama

• 1939-1945 Colombia helped the United States to keep the Panama Canal open during World War II

• 1989 USA began supplying the Colombian government with military equipment to help rid Colombia of drug dealers

• 2002 Alvaro Uribe Velez was elected Colombian president

• 2004 A FARC leader - the most senior guerilla ever captured - was sentenced to 35 years in prison, and in the same year brokered peace with the right-wing AUC militia.

Source: http://www.facts-about.org.uk/history-and-events-timeline-colombia.htm

The Republic of Colombia:Some Interesting Facts:

• Area: 440,000 sq. mi.- about the size of Texas, New Mexico, and Arkansas combined; fourth-largest country in South America.

• Cities: Capital--Bogota (pop. about 6 million). Other major cities--Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena.

• Terrain: Flat coastal areas, three rugged parallel mountain chains, central highlands, and flat eastern grasslands with extensive coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.

• Climate: Tropical on coast and eastern plains, cooler in highlands. • Natural resources: Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nickel, gold, silver,

copper, platinum, emeralds

Source: http://www.travelblog.org/World/co-info.html

The Republic of Colombia:Some More Interesting Facts:

• Population: 42 million.

• Annual growth rate: 1.8%.

• Language: Spanish

• Government: Republic

• GDP: $263.2 billion (2004 est.) *US: $10.99 trillion (2003 est.)

• GDP-composition by sector:– Agriculture:13.7% – Services: 54.2%– Industry: 32.1%

• Unemployment rate: 14.2% (2004 est.)

• Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Source: http://www.travelblog.org/World/co-info.html

Alvaro Uribe VelezBush met with Uribe in November in Cartagena. Photo: AFP

The Republic of Colombia:Import/Export Facts:

Exports: $12.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities: petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers

Exports - partners: US 47.1%, Ecuador 6%, Venezuela 5.3% (2003)

Imports: $13.06 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities: industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Imports - partners: US 29.6%, Brazil 5.5%, Mexico 5.4%, Venezuela 5.2%, China 5%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2003)

Debt - external: $38.26 billion (2004 est.)

Source: http://www.travelblog.org/World/co-info.html

The Republic of Colombia:Money and Cost Facts:

Currency: Columbian Peso

Meals:• Budget: US$2-5 • Mid-range: US$5-10 • High: US$10-30 • Deluxe: US$30+

Lodging:• Budget: US$5-10 • Mid-range: US$10-15 • High: US$15-35 • Deluxe: US$35+

**Colombia is not an expensive country. Budget travelers can get by on around 15-25 per day; while those staying in more comfortable hotels, eating at restaurants and taking a flight from time to time will spend around 25-45 per day. Splurgers should budget on 50-70 a day.

--Fried chicken heads!!

Road Transportation

• Until the mid-20th century the transportation system was organized around the Magdalena River

• Short appearance of the rail

• The road network links the major urban centers with one another:– Caribbean and Pacific ports

Highways• The highway system is tied

to two main north–south roads and east west highway:

– The Western Trunk Highway

– The Central Trunk Highway

– The Caribbean Trunk Highway

• 26,000 km paved; 84,000 km unpaved; 110,000 km total (68,200 miles)

Improvements

• In Colombia, the roads were planned so as to link one town to another, not as a network with a beginning and an end“

• Government contracts brings an outdated road network into shape

• Two contracts of $4.4 billion, were awarded recently to Colombian-Argentine and Spanish consortia

• Construction of the Buenaventura-Bogota corridor

• Another project, valued at about $650 million will connect Briceno with Colombia eastern plains

• By the year 2015 the road network will link key production centers and improve connections Colombia's main partner in the Andes Pact

Getting Around• Buses provide the main means of getting around the

country• Other forms of transport include:

• chivas • collectivos

• There is no train service within the country • Independent travel (car or motorcycle)

Pipelines

• 6,881 kilometers of oil pipelines

• 1,001 kilometers of gas pipelines

• Colombia is Latin America’s third leading oil producer

• Colombia is the U.S.’s 9th leading supplier of oil

• Ecopetrol and Ecogas

Conflict over Pipelines• For four decades, rebels have been attacking Colombian pipeline

jointly owned by the U.S. and Colombian energy company Ecopetrol• More than ten thousand people killed, along with heavy

environmental damage• In one year, attacks shut down the pipeline more than 2/3 of the

time, costing the country $430 million dollars in oil revenue.

Potential Demand for Pipelines• Colombia has vast untapped

oil potential reserves • A large amount of potentially

productive natural gas areas remain unexplored.

• Demand for energy is expected to grow 3.5% per year through 2020.

• Areas around the islands of San Andrés and Providencia in the Caribbean are believed to hold 7 billion barrels of reserves.

Rail• Difficult terrain limits availability of rail

• 2,000 kilometers of track are now in use

• Ferrovias, the Colombian National Railroad Company, provides administration, maintenance, upgrading, and control of the railway system

• Government attempting to increase privatization

• Rail transports coffee, oil by-products, paper, iron, and coal

Water

• 18,140 km of navigable waterways (April 1996)*– Utilized 9,187 km (2004)

• 6 main navigable rivers in Colombia are: Amazon, Atrato, Cauca, Magdalena, Meta and Orinoco.

• Merchant marine: total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) (2003 est.)

*CIA Factbook as of 2002.

Water

• Recent years the real value of the ports tariffs has been reduced 65% on average.

• Colombia has one of the lowest freight per ton average toward the United States.

• Recently stopover average time of the merchandise has been reduced from 10 days to 12 hours.

Port Traffic

• Currently 9 ports specialize in specific activities.

Port Privatization & Competition

Port Privatization & Competition

Colombia Airports

• 101 TOTAL AIRPORTS– 83 PAVED – 18 UNPAVED

Major International Airports

• Bogota• Barranquilla• Cartagena• Medellin • Cali• San Andres

Major Colombian Airlines

• Avianca

• AeroRepublica

• Copa Airlines

• Intercontinental de Aviacion S.A.

Airport Categories

- M - MAJOR

- R - RESTRICTED

- A - ALTERNATE

- N - NONSCHEDULED

- E - EXTERNAL

Cartagena - Rafael Nunez Airport (CTG/SKCG)

• Airport Data: International, Barranquilla, 24 hours, 2 Passenger Terminals, 11 Aircraft Stands

Traffic 1999 2000 2001

Passenger throughput 875,782 905,593 997,327

Cargo handled (tonnes) 7,984 8,208 8,597

Cargo handled (1000s lbs) 17,601 18,095 18,952

Aircraft movements 27,476 31,214 29,442

Barranquilla - Aeropuerto Int´l Ernesto Cortissoz

(BAQ/SKBQ)

Traffic 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Passenger throughput 1,018,642 1,005,229 958,060 940,696 961,695 941,051 913,525

Cargo handled (tonnes) 43,406 33,253 33,487 36,952 31,246 32,743 31,283

Cargo handled (1000s lbs) 95,692 73,309 73,825 81,464 68,884 72,185 68,966

Aircraft movements 30,581 30,477 31,131 31,856 29,524 31,403 30,013

Airport Data: International, Heliport, Barranquilla Position 10°53´36"N, 074°47´00"W, Elevation 31m (101ft), 24 hours, 1 Passenger Terminal, 1 Cargo Terminal

Future Air Outlook

• 2003 – International Air Freight increased 1.5% – Domestic Air Freight increased 8.9%– International passenger transport increased 2.4 in

June alone– Domestic passenger transport increased 8% since

May 2003

New investment in communication for air traffic control

• Colombia’s Civil Aviation Authority’s old air traffic control system consisted of wired connection betweens airports and control centers– Costly to maintain

– Equipment needed to be installed and maintained in dense jungle and remote mountainous regions.

– Network congestion lead to slow data rates

• Hughes Network System’s has implemented it’s satellite technology– Dishes are placed an no infrastructure between airports and control

centers needs to be monitored.

– Provides a high degree of reliability and security

– Capability to extend the reach of air-to-ground VHF communications through satellite thereby eliminating the range and clarity issues often caused by mountainous terrain.

Questions?