Global is at Ion Lecture One

8/3/2019 Global is at Ion Lecture One

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Globalization Perspectives

and Narratives


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Primary Objectives of the

LectureOutline the main features of the liberal

hyperglobalist position through a

examination of the work of Oheme Highlight the main features of critical

(semi) hyperglobalist position through a

brief analysis of the work of SusanStrange


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Outline the main features of the sceptical

approach to globalization through a

examination of the work of Hirst andThompson

Assess the extent to which the original

hyperglobalist and sceptical positions on

globalization have been superceded by morenuanced transformationalist accounts of

globalization


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Structure of the Lecturer

Section One

Briefly contextualize the emergence of

Ohemes borderless world idea by

examining lineages of idea of globalization Examination of Oheme the Man and the

context out of which his work emerged


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Examination of his Work

Examination of Work of Susan Strange

and her Ontological Assumptions

Criticism of Hyperglobalist Approach


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Section Two

Examination of Hirst and Thompson Work

Criticism of their Work


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Section Three

Exploration of Transformation Position

and criticism of its internal coherence


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Section One

The Prehistory of Globalization Theory

Marx 1848 The Bourgeoisie creates a world

after its own image Weber: Exercise of Power in Modern

Societies

Rostow: Mass consumption society 1960s Bell: The End of Ideology 1960s

McLuhan: Global Village 1960s


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With exception of McLuhan it difficult tolabel any of these as globalization

theorists but read in hindsight it possibleto see how aspects arguments resonatewith contemporary globalizationdebates

However, they do discuss Convergenceof a sort


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The coming of Ohmae

Japanese, PhD from MIT, Senior

Partner in McKinsey. Wife name isJeannette

Wrote The Borderless World 1990

Context: Collapse of Soviet Union andstrong free market governments in USand UK


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Basic Argument: The title does not lie

But more detail.

The nation state has become an

unnatural, even dysfunctional, unit for

organizing human activity and

managing economic endeavor in aborderless world


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Attempts to regulate counterproductive

The national economy is a myth and the

nation state is finished.


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For Ohmae the world consists of a number ofregion states which may transcend nationalboundaries or not (the Southeast England)that are immersed in deep networks withother region states throughout the world

It is important to aware of Ohmae unusualuse of term state

Ohmae is very positive developments. Hesees the emergence of borderless world asunambiguously good.


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Susan Strange

Professor at Warwick!

Summary of her position theimpersonal forces of world market arenow more powerful than the states to

whom ultimate political authority oversociety is supposed to belong

The state is not likely to disappearhowever it is in retreat and has become

defective


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Strange was not a normative supporter of freemarket capitalism, she was social democratic

In arguing that the state can no longerregulate markets and protect citizens she isnot arguing that the state ought not to thesethings

Also pessimistic about InternationalOrganizations

Importantly Strange sees state and marketrelationship as zero sum


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Strange was also a

keen student of

global mafias


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She makes the point that the same

processes that have facilitated

globalization of legitimate firms havefacilitated the creation of increasingly

elaborate global criminal networks


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Criticisms of

Hyperglobalisations Quite simply they exaggerate the extent to

which a unified global market exists (see Hirstand Thompson below)

Ohmae fundamentally misunderstands thenature of regional states and the role ofcentral government in creating and sustainingthem

Ohmae method is problematic. He simplyproceeds by ascertain

States retain far more power then Ohmae

and Strange believe


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They fail to understand ontological

relationship between state and market

properly Particularly Ohmae fails to understand

geo and cultural politics

Quite simply states retain far morepower than they give them credit for


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Section Two

Hirst and Thompson

It is important to make clear at the onset that

both are (are in Paul Hirst case were. R.I.P2003 57) social democrats

The idea of Globalization is essentially a

myth, which serves powerful interests. The

global economy is less integrated than in the

C19th. The exceptional period was 1920-60.

This is normality.


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The argument is very empirically based

They fight the idea of globalization on four

fronts. Through a examination of patterns offinance, trade, migration and directinvestment


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Trade to GDP in 1913 and 1995

France 35.4% and 36.6%

Germany 35.1% and 38.7%

Japan 31.4% and 13.1%

UK 44.7% to 42.6%

US 11.2% to 19.0%


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Financial Globalization

Remains a significant correlation

between domestic savings andinvestments

Between 1991-5 for every dollar saved

67 cents would been investeddomestically


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As for multinationals

The gross product of foreign affiliates

accounted for 6% of global GDP in1994

Practically no investment in the majority of

the 3rd World


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Finally on the mobility of people legal

immigration to US has declined from

over million a year turn of C19th andC20th to 600000 in 1980

They argue that countries continue to

control borders


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Criticisms of Hirst and

Thompson They capture the moment but not the

trend

Too empirical They only engage most radical of

globalization theorists

Question marks quality, interpretationand validity of much empirical work.Much of it is now dated


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They ignore technology

Question marks about the implications

of their work for governance Real world events suggest a neo-liberal

convergence of sorts

Fundamentally misunderstand theposition of the third world

I wish, I wish, I wish I was in Kansas


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Take a Two min break


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Section Three

Transformationalists Very Broad Grouping difficult to offer any

clear definition of the school

Sense in which the present era isquantitatively and qualitatively different fromwhat has gone before

Globalization is not a teleological process,

contested no fixed end point Multifaceted process but different scholarsemphasize different aspects of the process


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The state is not in retreat, still less is itobsolete

However it is changing Beyond this it is difficult to say that

much about transformalist positionbecause extreme diversity within thegroup


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Some transformalists argue thatchanges are very radical and leading to

convergence of different states arounda new liberal model. A example wouldbe Jayasuryia. Others stress theincremental nature changes and would

stress that different models ofcapitalism remain viable, example(Weiss)


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Some stress the significance of developmentof suprastate governance structures and thepossibilities of developing emancipatory

systems of international governance (RordenWilkinson). Some are less optimist (PhillipMcMichael)

In a sense many of the old debates ofskeptics and hyperglobalists are beingreplayed in a less extreme form and undernew rules


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Different transformationist accounts

form the core of reading for this course.

Next week session on historical roots of

globalization will help us make more

sense debates between sceptics,hyperglobalists and transformationalists


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Thursday 4 5 H2.03 Sarun Haetanurak Katrina Mooleedhar Jie Yu Deepa Arjan Joanna Eames Nina Rathbone Tom Callow Astrid Nordin Mark Williams Toby Danell Stuart Baker Oilver James

James Clarke Joseph Bainers Arjumand Amin Edwin Cher Jan Maly


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Office Hours Moved again

Monday 4-5, Weds 5-6

www.u8development.org.uk


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Feel free to substitute the Introduction

to Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and

Perraton for the current Held reading

Also feel free skip final chapter Hirst

and Thompson if pushed for time

Documents

Global is at Ion Lecture One