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Global Poverty
Global Warming
Global Population
Nobody ever died from overpopulation.
Or did they?
“We poor people are invisible to others - just as blind people cannot see, they cannot see us.”
Source: World Bank
Global Poverty
More than one billion people in the world live on less than one dollar a day.
Another 2.7 billion struggle to survive on less than two dollars per day.
In Africa alone, about twelve million young children die of poverty every year.
The majority of these die from completely preventable diseases such as malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia as well as conditions such as malnutrition.
In fact, every 30 seconds an African child dies of malaria.
More than 50 percent of Africans suffer from water-related diseases such as cholera and infant diarrhea.
"Lack of work worries me. My children were hungry and I told them the rice is cooking, until they fell asleep from hunger."
— an older man from Bedsa, Egypt Source: UN Millennium Project, World Bank
“When I leave for school in the mornings I don’t have any breakfast. At noon there is no lunch, in the evening I get a little supper, and that is not enough. So when I see another child eating, I watch him, and if he doesn’t give me something I think I’m going to die of hunger.” —A 10-year-old child, Gabon 1997
“Don’t ask me what poverty is because you have met it outside my house. Look at the house and count the number of holes. Look at my utensils and the clothes that I am wearing. Look at everything and write what you see. What you see is poverty.”
—A poor man, Kenya 1997
Source: UN Millennium Project, World Bank
•More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day...300 million are children.
More than one billion people still use unsafe sources of drinking water.
Four out of every ten people in the world don’t have access even to a simple latrine.
“We know that cutting down trees will cause water shortages and that making charcoal can cause forest fires, but we have no choice. Because we lack food, we have to exploit the forest….”—A resident of Ha Tinh, Vietnam
Source: World Bank
Poverty & Population
Affluence & Population
The average American generates four pounds of solid trash per day - or 1,460 pounds per year. Less than one-quarter of it is recycled, leaving the rest for land fills and incinerators. Although Americans represent roughly 5% of the world's population, we generate about one third of its waste.
Source: Annenberg Foundation
Total US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Thousand Metric Tons
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Source: G. Marland, T. Boden, and R. Andres, National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2000, August 28, 2003
Global Warming
The present concentration has not been exceeded during the past 420,000 years and probably not during the past 20 million years. The current rate of increase is unprecedented.
Global Warming
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)has increased by 31% since 1750.
Source: Working Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
“Assuming continued growth in world greenhouse gas emissions, the primary climate models drawn upon for the analyses carried out in the U.S. National Assessment, projected that temperatures in the continental United States will rise 3–5°C (5–9°F) on average during the 21st century.”
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
Climate change is likely to cause long-term shifts in forest species, such as the disappearance of sugar maples from the United States.
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
“For coral reefs, the combined effects of increased CO2 concentration, climate change, and other stresses are very likely to exceed a critical threshold, causing large irreversible impacts.”
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
“Other ecosystems, such as southeastern forests, are likely to experience major species shifts or break up into a mosaic of grasslands, woodlands, and forests.”
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
“Alpine meadows in the Rocky Mountains are likely to disappear entirely in some areas.”
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
Some barrier islands are also likely to disappear.
Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)
Glaciers and ice caps are projected to continue their widespread retreat during the 21st century. Ice sheets will continue to react to climate warming and contribute to sea level rise for thousands of years after climate has been stabilized.
Source: Working Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Humans are Recent Arrivals
• Earth - 4.5 Billion Years
• Multi-cellularity – 600 Million Years
• Homo erectus - 1.8 Million Years
• Human Population Growth into Billions - Last 200 Years
One Million Years Of Human Growth
Hu
man
Po
p. I
n B
illio
ns
The Vernagt glacier in Austria
Glacier National Park, Montana Grinnell Glacier: 1911 vs. 2000.
A.D.2000
A.D.1000
A.D.1
1000B.C.
2000B.C.
3000B.C.
4000B.C.
5000B.C.
6000B.C.
7000B.C.
1+ million years
8
7
6
5
2
1
4
3
OldStoneAge New Stone Age
BronzeAge
IronAge
MiddleAges
ModernAge
Black Death —The Plague
9
10
11
12
A.D.3000
A.D.4000
A.D.5000
18001900
1950
1975
2000
2100
Future
Bill
ion
s
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).
World Population Growth Through History
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1936-1938
1946-1948
1955-1960
1960-1965
1965-1970
1970-1975
1975-1980
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Birth rate Death rate
Natural Increase
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.
Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
Number of years to add each billion (year)
All of Human History (1800)
123 (1930)
33 (1960)
15 (1975)
12 (1987)
12 (1999)
13 (2012)
16 (2028)
26 (2054)Ninth
Eighth
Seventh
Sixth
Fifth
Fourth
Third
Second
First Billion
Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population in 2300 (medium scenario), 2003.
World Population Growth, in Billions
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
Bil
lio
ns
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Less Developed Countries
More Developed Countries
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.
Growth in More, Less Developed Countries
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
Diverging Trends in Fertility Reduction
Average number of children per woman
6.7
6.0
6.67.0
5.5
6.9
6.35.8
8.2
3.5
7.0
5.1
3.33.0
2.4 2.3 2.4
4.3
Bangla-desh
Egypt India Indo-nesia
Iran Nepal Pakistan Turkey Yemen
1950-1955 2000-2005
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
19
40
5158
53
World MoreDevelopedCountries
LessDevelopedCountries
LessDevelopedCountries(excluding
China)
49 LeastDevelopedCountries
Use of Modern Contraception
Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern Methods
Note: More developed regions, according to the United Nations Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean; the UN designates 49 countries within these regions as least developed.Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2004 World Population Data Sheet; figure for least developed countries based on PRB calculations.
%%
%
%
%
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
11 23 93241
1,907
LeastDevelopedCountries
Other Low-Income
Countries
Lower-Middle-Income
Countries
Upper-Middle-Income
Countries
High-IncomeCountries
Health Spending Per Capita
Note: As of 1998, other low-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP less than US$760. Lower-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP between US$761 and US$3030. Upper-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP between US$3031 and US$9360. High-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP greater than US$9360.
Source: WHO, Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development (2001): 56.
1997
US$
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
Net Enrollment RatioPrimary-school-age children enrolled as a percentage of primary-school-age children
91
68
77
69
47
66
Kenya Tanzania Zambia
1980 2000
Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2003.
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
15-to-19-Year-OldsBirths per 1,000
Teenage Childbearing, Developed Countries
Source: S. Singh and J. E. Darroch, “Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries,” Family Planning Perspectives 32, no. 1 (New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Jan./Feb. 2000).
©The Alan Guttmacher Institute Contraception in the United States
Miscarriage9%
Intended birth43%
Abortion23%
Miscarriage6%
Mistimed/ unwanted
birth19%
Nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States each year are unintended
Pregnancies, 1994(6.3 million)
Unintendedpregnancies
Intendedpregnancies
Americans were asked to estimate how much of the federal budget goes to foreign aid. They were informed that this did not include military costs.
The median estimate was 20%. This is more than 20 times the actual amount which is less than 1% of the federal budget.
Source: Americans on Foreign Aid and World Hunger:A Study of US Public Attitudes, 2001, University of Maryland School of Public Affairs
Development Assistance of the 22 Donor Nations in 2003 as a Percentage of GNP.
1 Norway 0.922 Denmark 0.843 Netherlands 0.81
20 Austria 0.221 Italy 0.1622 United States 0.14
Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Global Gag Rule: Prohibits US internationalfamily planning funds from going to any organization that uses its own funds toprovide or even discuss abortion.
The Bush Record
Eliminated UN family planning funds: He cut off ALL US family planning aid to UNFPA.
Abandoned the “Cairo Consensus” - wherethe nations of the world agreed in 1994 thatall women should have access to family planning.
FAVOR SCHOOLS TEACHING…
Creationism and evolution All Americans 65% Kerry voters 56% Bush voters 71%
Creationism instead of evolution All Americans 37% Kerry voters 24% Bush voters 45%
Poll: Creationism Trumps EvolutionNEW YORK, Nov. 22, 2004
This CBS News/New York Times poll was conducted among a nationwide random sampleof 885 adults interviewed by telephone November 18-21, 2004. There were 795 registered voters.
Everyone at the current U.S. standard of living and with all the health, nutrition, personal dignity and freedom that most Americans currently enjoy.
0.2 billion
Everyone at the same affluence as the U.S. (current), but with drastic restrictions on freedoms related to behaviors leading to environmental degradation. To accommodate populations greater than 0.2 billion, restrictions such as the following would have to be instituted:
•Massive recycling. •Driving restrictions (gasoline rationing, fuel rationing even to mass transit systems). •Restrictions on the transport of food (food transported no more than 100 miles for example to its point of retail sales). •Prohibitions against cutting trees on one's property. •Limitations on the burning of fossil fuels to save these complex molecules for more valuable or durable uses, such as in the manufacture of plastics and pharmaceuticals. Limitations on the areas of open spaces that can be converted to renewable energy power plants, such as solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, and wind energy systems. This latter results from the need to preserve natural areas for food growing.
0.4 billion
Only people in the U.S. and Europe at current level of affluence. Everyone else at the current prosperity level of Mexico.
0.6 billion
Everyone in the world at Mexico's current prosperity level. 2.0
billionEveryone in the world at the current "poverty" level of northwest Africa.
4.0 billion
How Many People Can the Earth Support SUSTAINABLY?
“How Many People Should the Earth Support?” - Dr. Milton Saier, 2007
More plates: Develop more technology for a “bigger pie.”
Fewer Forks: Stop or reverse population growth, AND reduce the wants of the people.
Better manners: Improve the terms under which people interact; define property rights to open-access resources such as fisheries and groundwaters; prevent human exploitation; remove economic irrationalities; reduce inequities and organized violence; improve governance.
The Great Triad: Solutions to Overpop’n
© 2005 Population Reference Bureau
“The real issue with population is not just numbers of people, although numbers matter, and statistics give us quantitative insight and prevent us from making fools of ourselves. The real crux of the population question is the quality of people’s lives; the ability of people to participate in what it means to be really human; to work, play and die with dignity; to have some sense that one’s life has meaning and is connected with other people’s lives. That, to me, is the essence of the population problem.”
-Dr. Joel E. Cohen