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Dr Hans Bruyninckx
European Environment Agency
25 February 2019, Antwerp
Global Session 'Soil and Land': Land in the circular economy
Night light image over West-central Europe
Source: NASA, 2016
Vision of the 7th Environment Action Programme
‘In 2050, we live well, within the planet's ecological limits.
Our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an
innovative, circular economy where nothing is wasted and
where natural resources are managed sustainably, and
biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that
enhance our society's resilience.
Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from
resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable
society.’
Source: 7th Environment Action Programme, European Commission, 2013
Living well, within the limits of the planet
Land system
Actions for land and soil in the 7EAP
Under the its first ‘priority objective’, the 7EAP sets a 2020 target for land:
• ‘… land is managed sustainably in the Union, soil is adequately protected and the remediation of contaminated sites is well underway.’
• the goal of ‘no net land take by 2050’, set out in the Roadmap to a resource efficient Europe.
• refers to the outcome of the 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), which includes the goal of ‘land-degradation neutral world’.
Land’s part in the Sustainable Development Goals
Approaching the land system in Europe
ResponsesLand governance,
spatial planning, land resource efficiency, land
recycling
Driving forcesEnvironmental and
socio-economicprocesses
PressuresChanges in land
use and management
StateLand multi-functionality
ImpactsDegradation of ecosystems and services, socio-
economic costs and benefits
Source: Adapted from SOER 2015, land systems briefing
Approaching the land system in Europe
ResponsesLand governance,
spatial planning, land resource efficiency, land
recycling
Driving forcesEnvironmental and
socio-economicprocesses
PressuresChanges in land
use and management
StateLand multi-functionality
ImpactsDegradation of ecosystems and services, socio-
economic costs and benefits
Source: Adapted from SOER 2015, land systems briefing
Drivers and causes of land take and land degradation
• Demand for settlements, commerce, industry and infrastructure.
• Food demand.
• Demand for feed and fibre products and wood products.
• Demand for bioenergy, including wood- and crop-derived bioenergy.
• Policy and governance.
Links between land take, land degradation and land efficiencyChanges in land use
•Land take (urban sprawl, infrastructures, landscape fragmentation)
•Intensification (agriculture, forestry)
•Extensification
•Abandonment
Land degradation
•Soil degradation
•Sealing/compaction
•Erosion
•Organic matter
•Water resources
•Biodiversity
•Primary productivity
•Socio-economic dimension of land degradation
Land efficiency
•Changes in efficiency of individual functions
•Impacts on other functions (mainly linked with natural capital)
•Gap function delivery vssuitability
Source: EEA report No 8/2016
National, regional and local policy
context
Common Agriculural Policy- Food production- Land use intensity & abandonment- Farmland biodiversity and ecological quality- Landscape features
A ‘system’ of EU policies affects land use in a territoryEnergy and Climate Policy - Mitigation/ adaptation- LULUCF accounting- Disaster/ risk
Cohesion Policy - Territorial cohesion- Regional / spatial planning- Urban Agenda for the EU,and
nature based solutions
Nature and biodiversity protection - Natura 2000 network- Habitats and species- Ecosystem assessment and services
accounting
Note: The figure presents selected EU policy areas, and is not intended to be comprehensive.
Potential impacts of Cohesion Policy interventions
Source: EEA report No 8/2016
What are the cumulative trends in Europe?
Europe`sland usechange is decreasing.
Annual net change of land cover, km2 (EU28)
Source: EEA, 2019
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2000-2006 2006-2012 2012-2018
km2
per
yea
r
… the speed of land take is decreasing!
Artificialisation continues…
Source: ETC/ULS, published in EEA report 10/2017
Projections of land take in Europe‘Business-as-usual’ scenario: continued land take 900-1200 km2 per year until 2030
Landscape fragmentation pressure
The map relates to the 'Landscape fragmentation pressure from urban and transport infrastructure expansion (LSI004 )' indicator, reference year 2012.
A hotspot of landscape fragmentation
Extract from the 'Landscape fragmentation pressure from urban and transport infrastructure expansion (LSI004 )' indicator, reference year 2012.
Different urban development patterns
Examples of different urban development patterns in neighbouring areas of the Netherlands and Belgium.
The Netherlands
Belgium
High Resolution Layers on Land Cover characteristics
Source: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), High Resolution Layers, 2015 .
Distribution of Natura 2000 sites according to area categories
Source: EEA, Natura2000, 2016
Distribution of Natura 2000 sites in Flanders
Source: EEA, Natura2000, 2016
according to area categories
HRLs Forests combined with Small Woody Features
Source: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), High Resolution Layers, 2015
ma
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Towards an integrated approach in land use
Thank you
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